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Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1

 

Life Sciences International Journal Issue 7 Volume 1
...red into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II isolates demonstrated central node with Nepal-2003, Bhutan-2004, Pakistani, Afghani and Iranian isolates. The O/PAK Lahore vaccine was at two mutations from central node, while HE647819 and HE647820 were clustered into a separate single taxon at eightieth (80) mutation...

Sehrish Kanwal, Ali Saeed, Muhammad Munir, Memoona Arshad

 

British Journal of Virology
...red into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II isolates demonstrated central node with Nepal-2003, Bhutan-2004, Pakistani, Afghani and Iranian isolates. The O/PAK Lahore vaccine was at two mutations from central node, while HE647819 and HE647820 were clustered into a separate single taxon at eightieth (80) mutation...

Robert E. Pollack

 

Science, Religion and Culture
...rld? I could go to the Sages for an answer from my religious tradition, but for a person like me — a scientist for fifty years and at seventy three already in Biblical terms 13 years an elder — it is easier instead to let the Sages come to me; that is, to turn to the Siddur, the Jewish book of daily prayers, codified in Hebrew for the most part a few hundred years ago but including some pass

Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1

British Journal of Virology
...red into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II isolates demonstrated central node with Nepal-2003, Bhutan-2004, Pakistani, Afghani and Iranian isolates. The O/PAK Lahore vaccine was at two mutations from central node, while HE647819 and HE647820 were clustered into a separate single taxon at eightieth (80) mutation...

David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, 265 pp., ISBN 13: 978-1-4214-1326-6

Reviewed by Francisco J. Ayala, University Professor & Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, email: [email protected]

Science, Religion and Culture
...Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution.

...

Thaddeus Metz

...isms of it that merit engagement. Specifically, Kershnar maintains, first, that I did not provide enough evidence that meaning in life is a genuine value-theoretic category as something distinct from and competing with, say, objective well-being, and, second, that, even if there were a value of meaning in life, my fundamentality theory of it would not capture its essence well. In this article, I reply to both of these criticisms, aiming to probe these underexp...

Reviewed by Elly Vintiadis (www.ellyvintiadis.com)

... different gender, race, age, and religion. If, like me, you have never heard of the term “deconversion” before, it is the atheist equivalent to the religious finding of faith – it is a conversion from belief to agnosticism or atheism.

...

Mark Zelcer

...ies to Yiddish (the language of Eu- ropean Jewry) and also to science. But what does it mean for an ethnicity to have strong cultural ties to science and how did it get that way in this case? Put another way, why put all this effort into producing Yiddish texts for an audience, part of which could get by in English and part of which was not particu- larly well educated enough to appreciate them? Why would Jews put such a Jewish spin on science?

...

Muhangi Denis

...s in changing disease management behaviour in managing this disease.

...

Yanina Panzera1*, Nicolas Sarute1, Lucia Carrau1, Jaime Aldaz2, Ruben Perez1

...virus is the etiological agent of “Distemper”, the most significant infectious disease among carnivores worldwide. Herein, we present the state of the art of CDV dynamics in South America, by means of a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus in several countries. Our study allowed us to establish the presence of four genetic lineages in South America, being the contin...

Nicola J. Stonehouse

...lso as novel therapeutic agents. This commentary describes RNA aptamers selected to bind to the RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase of foot-and-mouth disease virus. The aptamers are able to inhibit the function of the enzyme both in vitro and in the context of a sub-genomic replicon and highlight the future potential of this technology in many aspects of virus research as well as in diagnostics and therapeutics.

...

Justin P. McBrayer

...elief is Pascal’s Wager. And although Pascal’s Wager fails, its failure is instructive. Pascal’s Wager fails because it relies on unjustified assumptions about what happens in the afterlife to those who believe in God verses those who do not. A renewed wager can avoid this difficulty by relying solely on well-documented differences betw...

Justin P. McBrayer

...elief is Pascal’s Wager. And although Pascal’s Wager fails, its failure is instructive. Pascal’s Wager fails because it relies on unjustified assumptions about what happens in the afterlife to those who believe in God verses those who do not. A renewed wager can avoid this difficulty by relying solely on well-documented differences betw...

Xingdong Yang and Lijuan Yuan

... models. Given the advantages of gnotobiotic pig models, it is expected that they will be used more widely in biomedical research for studies of human viruses and other human diseases.

...

Derk Pereboom

...e manipulation cases the agent is not morally responsible, and in others he is. A corollary of the soft-line reply is that there is a plausible compatibilist condition on moral responsibility that has not been met in some of the cases. One prominent response of this sort is that a key condition on basic desert moral responsibility (the notion of moral responsibility I will assume in this discussion of manipulation arguments) is the absence of intentional manip...

Khalid Usman, Aziz-Ur-Rehman

...ts are influenced by tillage and time of nitrogen application as well as soil type and cropping system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of spring wheat seeded in three tillage systems viz., zero (ZT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) to split application of N fertilizer [50 kg N at sowing + 100 kg N ha-1 at fir...

Zaheer Ahmed Deho1, Shamsuddin Tunio2, Qammaruddin Chachar2, Fateh Chand Oad2

...ng dates and pick- ing stages on yield and seed maturity of cotton varieties at Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam, Sindh Pakistan. Three cotton varieties (Sadori, Chandi-95 and Malmal) were evaluated under four sowing dates (15th April, 1st May, 15th May and 1st June). Four pickings at various boll openingstage viz. 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of bollopening were carried out.The varieties responded differently for op...

Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani

...by exhibiting higher average spinach plant height (35 cm), number of leaves (16.4), fresh foliage yields (330 g pot-1), dry foliage yields (32 g pot-1), leaf length (40.5 cm) and leaf area (238.4 mm2) relative to poultry manure, compost or FYM treatments. Similar trend was observed during 2010-11. Over all, press mud with EM was more effective in improving soil quality and enhancing spinac...

Muhammad Irshad1, Abdur Rab1, Javed Rahman2, Muhammad Sajid1, Ilyas Khan2, Sajad Ali1, Muhammad Razaq1, Sallahuddin1

...routing, survival percentage, number of roots plant-1 and plant height were significantly affected by planting dates and soil media. Maximum survival percentage (29.16%), number of root plant-1 (13.31), and plant height (40.42 cm) was recorded for the cuttings planted on 20th Feb. On the other hand minimum days to 50% sprout- ing (28.49) were recorded for cuttings planted on 2nd March. Significant effect of planting media wa...

Muhammad Ashraf Khan1, Hizbullah Khan1, Abid Farid2

... egg, larval and pupal stages with the virus at field dose (x), 2x dose, and 0.5x dose ranged from 83.2- 87.3%, 87.1- 91.6%, and 83.7- 89.7%, respectively, relative to control eggs treated with water. The parasitism rates by female parasitic wasps emerged from host eggs treated at x dose when parasitoid was during egg, larval, and pupal stages were 21.6, 26.5, and 25.1%, respectively; the 2x dose resulted in parasitism (mean...

Shahid Ali, Munir Khan

...collected through multistage stratified random sampling technique during 2009-10. Stochastic frontier analysis was employed for the estimation of technical efficiency levels and its determinants. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique was applied to estimate stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function to ascertain the level of technical efficiency. The econometric computer software STATA was applied for the estimation. The estimated value of te...

Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas Ullah Jan, Dawood Jan

...tato, onion, tomato, cabbage & cauliflower and peas, mostly consumed in Pakistan. A comparison of quality elasticity between urban and rural households is provided using Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data from Pakistan Social and Standards Living Measurement (PSLM) 2010-11. The elasticities of interest were obtained via log-log inverse (LLI) functional form of Engel equation. The quantity and expenditure elasticities remained less than unity ...

Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq

... was of mean maximum average temperature at the time of maturity, ceteris paribus with one oC increase in temperature the average wheat yield increased by 56.64 kg per hectare in the study area. It was deduced from the economic variable that the level of input used was less than optimum. The negative coefficient of the location variables revealed that increasing the area virtually decreased the yield. It was concl...

Raja Waqar Ahmed Azad, Tahir Sarwar

... conducted to assess the ageing effect of Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) lined watercourses on conveyance losses/efficiency in district Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kash- mir. Three watercourses namely, Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu were selected randomly on aging basis. Watercourses Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu were constructed in 2000, 2006-07 and 2011, respectively. Conveyance losses in the selected watercourses were determined by inflow-outflow method, wherein t...

Mohammed Ali Hussain, Zakiya Ahmed Hassan

... both locations with averages 768.56, 670.26 and 719.42 cm2, respectively, while hybrid sangaria recorded maximum value for 300 grains weight 68.16 g and the hybrid IK 8 x zp-707 showed highest rows ear- 1 at both locations and their averages reached 19.33, 17.33 and 18.33, and the same hybrid produced highest yield plant-1 at both location with average values of 146.94, 125.84 and 136.00 ...

Sajid Ali1, Nouman Badar1, Hina Fatima2

E-mail | [email protected]

...to Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models of forecasting. Using data for 1948 to 2012, productions and yields of both crops were forecasted for 18 years starting from 2013 to 2030. ARMA (1, 4), ARMA (1, 1) and ARMA (0, 1) were found appropriate for sugarcane production, sugarcane yield, and cotton production respectively, whereas ARIMA (2, 1, 1) was the suitable model fo...

Varadaraja V. Raman

...vading soldiers over the ages have terrorized innocent civilians in many regions of the world. Governments have terrorized their own people, the most glaring instance was in post-Revolutionary France during the Reign of Terror. On the other hand disgruntled, oppressed, and frustrated citizens (Irish Catholics, Algerian Muslims, Sri Lankan Tamils, etc.) have terrorized people and governments for various causes.There has also been terrorism by the majority on th...

Frank Griffel

...Hebdo” and the hostage taking at a Jewish supermarket two days later, yet another Western country asked itself why do they attack us? Why do they hate us? France experiences a moment of bewilderment and soul-searching similar to the one the US went through after the attacks of September 2001 and to what took place in Britain after July 5, 2005. The gut-reaction of nations struck by such horrific acts of terrorism is to say: We have done nothing wrong. In...

Gerald Misinzo1,*, Tebogo Kgotlele1, Epaphras A. Muse1, Jan Van Doorsselaere2, Mikael Berg3, and Muhammad Munir4

...classified into four lineages. Serological investigations in Tanzania indicate that peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was introduced in 2004 in Ngorongoro district bordering Ken- ya before official confirmation of the disease in most districts of Northern Tanzania in 2008. In 2011, the presence of PPRV in goats of southern Tanzania district of Tandahimba bordering Mozambique was reported. The aim of this study was to perform molecular typing of PPRV strains tha...

Yashab Tur

 

Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2
..., missionaries, colonial agents, officials of the fledging Ottoman Empire, Arab propagators of a new science, and religious scholars (‘Ulama) who are not ready to deal with a science that attempts to extract God from the explanatory hypothesis.

 

...

Suresh V Kuchipudi* and Kin-Chow Chang

 

...nse to physical demands, age and disease. The contributions of skeletal muscle to immune response and virus pathogenesis are increasingly recognized. Recent evidence strongly indicated that skeletal muscle cells fully support productive replication of influenza A virus (IAV) and could play an important role in disease outcome. We are of the opinion that skeletal muscle could be a key innate immune tissue/organ in the pathogenesis of influenza and other system...

Hu Zenglei1 and Xiufan Liu1, 2*

 

...nd causes more severe damages in lymphoid tissues when compared with virulent viruses of other genotypes. Therefore, severe pathology in immune organs, caused by genotype VIId of NDV, is associated with high levels of virus replication and an intense innate immune response.

...

Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1

...itrogen fertilizer on forage production and quality and economic return of fodder maize cultivar Kissan. The experiment was conducted on silt loam soil at Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan during 2011. Six nitrogen treatments (80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 kg ha-1) and a control one were studied in this trial. Growth and yield traits and quality such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area plant-1, leaf area index, chlorop...

Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool1, Anser Ali1, 2 *, Tanveer ul Haq1, Muhammad Nasir Majeed1, Dong Jin Lee2

 

...eficit but also on the stage of plant growth at which it develops. A pot study was conducted during 2011-12 at College of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan, to assess the effect of induced water stress on performance of different wheat varieties at critical growth stages. Three wheat varieties viz. Faisalabad-2008, Lasani-2008 and Kohistan-97 were manually sown in polythene lined pots. Five water stress treatments were created by...

Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Shahid Mehmood2, Jibran Hussain2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2, Yassar Abbas3, Muhammad Akram2

 

... 3, 4, 5, and 6. The average weight gain (g) was found non-significant at week 1 and week 6, however, the statistical analysis revealed significant effect from week 2 to 5, respectively. Times of gain were found significant difference at week 1 to 4; however, at week 5 and 6, it was non-significant. Feed intake (g/bird/week) differed significantly during the entire study period, whereas, feed conversion ratio (FCR) at week-4 only. Imported quail strain (M) per...

Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1

 

...d in 2013 from eight villages in district Jhang – Punjab, Pakistan. The district was divided into four zones and two villages were selected from each zone. An equal number of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, i.e. ten each, were selected from each village. Thus the total sample size was 160 farmers. Cobb Douglas Production Function (CDPF) was used to analyse the data. The results ...

Dallin D. Oaks

 

...ediate confusion of languages, or even a sequence in which a confusion of languages led to a scattering of the people. Indeed, a close examination of the account seems to allow an interpretation of events that is compatible with what linguists have observed about how languages can diversify, though some challenges may still remain in reconciling assumptions about the available post-Babel t...

Aqeel Ahmad, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Irfan Aziz*

 

...o optimize fertilizer management strategies for rainfed cultivation under lentil (lens culinaris) based cropping systems field trials were conducted at University Research Farm, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during 2007-2009. Lentil was planted in winter and during summer sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and mung bean (vigna radiata) followed lentil. Five different fertilizer treatments i.e. farmyard manure (FYM) 30 tons ha-1, N...

Shen Yang1, Guang-Zhi Tong1, 2*

...tral role at the early stage of viral life cycles. The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) is a major concern for the swine industry and causes high degrees of morbidity and mortality. The intracellular signalling cascades of the innate immune system triggered by HP-PRRSV often lead to the elimination of infection. However, HP-PRRSV induces pathological changes and can cause aberrant immune responses in the host, re...

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2

...study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analysed using descriptive statistics, Likert scale and the regression analysis. The study revealed that farmers perceived the level of accountability of extension to farmers in the study area as poor. Level of education, access to training and membership of farmer-groups negatively influenced accountability at p<0.05. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended t...

Hina Fatima1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2

...d varieties which discourages, the production and use of the original seed, and also the technological development.

...

Faheem Khan*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...this purpose. A multi-stage sampling method was used to draw sample of 336 sugarcane growers for the present study and an interview schedule was used to solicit responses that addressed the research objectives. The findings from the study showed that 80 percent of respondents were illiterate while the 20 percent of respondents who were literate had achieved various levels of education. In the years 2012 and 2013, the average

Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3

.... Integrated nutrient management is important for higher crop yields and sustainable agriculture. A field experiment was conducted to study the residual effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of chickpea crop. The treatments included control (no organic or inorganic fertilizer), NPK (36-72-0 kg ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1), Farmyard Manure (20 t ha-1), Poultry Manure (20 t ha-1), NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1)...

Jonathan Jong

...e belief in supernatural agents, participation in rituals, formation of non-kin groups, obedience to moral codes, and so forth—that variously co-occur in packages we intuitively label as particular religions. Furthermore, these distinct phenomena are also present among ostensibly nonreligious (or secular) individuals and groups. Scholars of religion and nonreligion should therefore all but abandon the terms “reli...

Ethan G. Quillen

...icle will attempt to assuage this issue by mapping out the discursive shifts presented within the discourse on defining the term, as well as promote a more discursive approach, linking the study of Atheism with the study of religion, and thereby the issues addressed in defining ‘religion’ with those affecting the definition of ‘Atheism.’

...

Luke Galen

...iefs, chiefly, social engagement and embeddeness in supportive groups. Often, those with the lowest levels of well-being and prosociality are uncommitted or indifferent religious believers, not socially engaged nonbelievers. Therefore, defining individuals who are not committed or engaged in socially supportive groups solely in terms of their lack of religious belief virtually guarantees t...

Gareth Longden

...en to the topics of sex, age, residence, employment, and education background of the members.

...

Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi

...ure, which is a mirror image of itself. How can we explain the secularity of academics? Research indicates that it has to do with a process of selection and self-selection, which starts in childhood and channels individuals who are highly intelligent, critical, independent, and confident towards the academic world. Contrary to what some might think, it is not getting a Ph.D., which contributes to individual secularity; it is young secular individuals who are h...

 David F. Bradley*, Julie J. Exline, Alex Uzdavines

... or gods often hold an image of a god with relational characteristics (e.g., loving, cruel, and/or distant). Can nonbelievers form an image of a hypothetical god? What characteristics do their hypothetical gods have? We conducted an Internet-based survey of adult nonbelievers in the U.S. (N = 458). Most (86%; N = 393) were able to form an image of a hypothetical god. On aver

Amanda Schutz

...ppy children, navigate tragedy, or cooperate effectively with others in society. Phil Zuckerman spends the remainder of the book refuting this claim. His goal is to explore “how secular people navigate their lives,” which is no small task. Throughout the book he discusses how secularists do in fact have morals, successfully raise children, deal with death and heartache, and build communities—basically, how they carry on without supernatural g...

Rick Repetti

...one that does no damage to the often radically different frameworks, methods, and modes of discourse that are distinctively Buddhist, much of which it presents in its own modality.

...

Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Arshad Khan

... micro nutrients were managed in soil and mulberry foliage through application of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP). Urea at the rate of 608 kg/ha and DAP at the rate of 260 kg/ha was applied on six mulberry varieties. The results showed a deficiency in nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and manganese in soil before the fertilizer application. Contrarily, high copper and potassium contents were found. After three weeks of fertiliz...

Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3

...esults revealed that average CWP of wheat, maize, sugarcane and tomato was 0.96, 1.11, 3.31, 3.61 kg m-3 under public and 0.90, 0.77, 2.36, 2.98 kg m-3, under civil system, respectively. In public canal system, the average CWP of the selected crops was 7, 40, 44 and 21% higher than civil canal system, respectively. Low CWP in civil canal system was mainly attributed to over irrigation (because of high wat...

Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah

...nt friendly weed management and enhancing cotton yield.

...

Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3

E-mail | [email protected]

...ples refrig- eration storage at 4±1 °C. The pH of meat samples were checked and recorded on similar intervals. During 12 days storage, significant reductions (i.e. P <0.05) were found in both E. coli O157: H7 and S. typhymurium growth when exposed to these treatments. Results revealed that levels of citric and lactic acid concentrations effect were maximum for 5.0%, followed by 3.0% and least for 1.0% on E. col...

Rick Repetti

... the possibility of free agency that stands up against four powerful arguments for free will skepticism in contemporary analytic philosophy: Peter van Inwagen’s consequence argument, which asserts that if choices are lawfully necessary consequences of prior events, then they are unfree; Derk Pereboom’s two arguments for hard incompatibilism: the manipulation argument, which asserts that manipu...

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope

E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk

...ecember, 2014). The mean age and mean CD4+ count of the subjects were 40.14±0.47 years and 387.28±18.91 cells/mm3 respectively. Out of 275 subjects tested, 15(5.45%; 95% confidence interval) were positive for anti-HEV IgM. Anti- HEV IgM was highest among the age group 11-20 (9.09%), female (7.83%), civil servant (7.37%), > 500 CD4/ mm3 (7.89%). The multivariate analysis between age

Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *

...f some of the cVDPV2 lineages described in Nigeria between 2005 and 2011 originated from NPEV-Cs circulating in Northern Nigeria. Here, we further investigate whether NPEV-Cs circulating in south-western Nigeria (SWN) contributed to the emergence of these lineages. In 2013 sewage contaminated water samples were collected from two sites in Lagos, Nigeria. Samples were concentrated and inocu...

Rodolfo Villagra-Blanco1*, Gaby Dolz1, Danilo Montero-Caballero2, Juan Jose Romero-Zuniga2

...ck seropositivity percentages ranged between 0% and 100.0%. Flocks with the highest seropositivity were found in low altitude regions close to the coast. Risk and protective factors determined in the present study were not in accordance with this insect borne disease. The results of this study indicate that BTV is endemic in sheep herds from Costa Rica, and animals seem not show clinical signs. We recommend carrying out further studies, to determine the presen...

Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

...ypt is facing various management problems along with infectious diseases including avian influenza (AI). Biosecurity measures, controlling poultry movements and inactivated vaccines were devised to combat the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) H5N1. HPAIV are highly susceptible to all disinfectants because they are enveloped viruses. Disinfection against avian influenza viruses at the poultry farms would significantly reduc...

Shumaila Manzoor1, Afshan Ahmed1 and Muhammad Abubakar2*

... in animals of different age groups was observed as less than 1 year, 1-2 years and more than 2 years for both ELISA and SNT. The peak immune response measured by SNT was 2.8log10 whereas ELISA detected serum antibody titer up to 2.4 log10. Findings showed that highest titers were seen in animals of age > 2 years i.e. 1.70 log10 (for serotype Asia 1), 1.99 log10 (...

Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2

Email: [email protected]

...onstrate that the life stage “bumper” of the female imicola is the indicator of the infecting activity of C. imicola. Collectively, the distribution patterns and emergence of BT can be predicted by the abundance of the Culicoides species in a specified locality so that control measures
can be implemented well in time to contain the disease spread.

...

Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2

E-mail | [email protected]

...) in dogs. Other disease agents include various respiratory viruses and co-infection can exacerbate the clinical signs. CIRD is highly contagious and can spread rapidly, especially among dogs in close quarters. Fast and accurate diagnostics enables the selection of proper management. Our objective was to develop a sensitive and specific real-time PCR for detection of B. bronchiseptica in samples ...

Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: [email protected]

...biology and medicine. Metagenomics is one of these emerging NGS applications and offers the opportunity to study i.e. whole ecosystems. Basically, the metagenomics approach is similar to well-known shotgun-sequencing, though on a much bigger scale. For instance, the metagenome of a lake would include all the fish, ducks, plants, fungi, bacteria and everything else that belongs to the lake....

Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman

E-mail | [email protected]

...t all doses and growth stages observed, attaining maximum with 40 grams Imidacloprid active ingredient per hectare-1 at day 15 after treatment. The antioxidative enzyme activity of SOD, APX and GR showed increasing trend in a dose-dependent manner, attaining maximum at 40 g.a.i ha-1 of Imidacloprid treatment at day 7 after treatment (DAT) followed by 3 and 15 DAT, respectively. On the contrary, the CAT activity was increased at lower concentrations of Imida- c...

Ummara Waheed Khan, Raza Ahmed, Irum Shahzadi and Mohmmad Maroof Shah

Email | [email protected]

...nds largely upon the average effect of several important factors including explant tissue, culture medium, plant genotypes, and their interactions, the detail of which is not fully explored. Current article described this issue in detail. The information synthesized would be important to select and manipulate appropriate factor(s) for successful wheat tissue culture and regeneration that in turn
would help its improvement.

...

Muhammad Imran1*, Muhammad Mobashar2, Muhammad Irfan3, Shazia Hanif4, Sumaira Hanif5 and Muhammad Abubakar6

...arly similar lactation stage and body weight, sixteen individually confined buffaloes were randomly blocked and allotted to four different dietary treatments. MOLM in proportion to CSC was supplemented along with maize silage as basal diet. Four dietary treatments having MOLM were 0.0, 0.71, 1.42 and 2.16 Kg DM/day used as replacement for CSC containing 2.16, 1.42, 0.71 and 0.0 Kg DM CSC/day. Overall the apparent digestibili...

Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2

 

...ncluding shelling percentage, kernels per row, kernel rows per ear, and 100-grain weight and grain yield. Non-additive gene action was evident for shelling percentage, kernels per row and 100-grain weight and grain yield for which both heterosis and inbreeding depression were expressed by crosses like NCMLQ2 x NCMLD2 and NCMLQ2 x NCMLD4. The parental lines used in above F...

Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Mohammad Tariq Jan2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3 and Abdul Bari4

... applied and standard management practices (inter-culturing, earthing up, and irrigation) were performed. The objectives were to find best planting source, cane portions, setts placement methods and interaction for maximum emergence, visible crop stand leading to yield and yield components. Significant differences were observed among cane portions and setts placement methods for all the traits except emergence %. Planting sources exhibited significant differen...

Ghulam Ali Bajwa1, Faizah Abood2, Yusof Bin Ibrahim3

...ial as microbial control agent against A. sciodoxa and should be exploited under field conditions.

...

Ali Mohammadi, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi

... remedy for effective management of such ailments. Out of the available and applied implants, none of them was evaluated by motion analysis system. It has been shown that severity of pain and overall function of knee joint were improved following the use of this implant. Although it has been mentioned that KineSpring knee implant is an effective method to relieve pain and improve function in Knee OA, there are incomplete evidences to s...

Seyed Mohsen Mirbod

...nce as that of the knee cage, and additionally is more cosmesis, ease in use and is economical.

...

Khalid Ali1*, Amanullah Jan2

...et), their incorporation age (40, 70 and 100 days after sowing, DAS) and parts (whole plants incorporation and stubbles incorporation) under varying nitrogen levels (0, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) on physiology, yield and economic returns of Canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Findings of the experiment revealed that guar as previously green m...

Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2

...s i.e. frequency, percentages and rank order was calculated. Chi-square test was performed to find out association among demographic characteristics and MFSC registration duration and Rank Based Quotient was calculated for problem identification. It was found that machinery was provided to almost half of the respondents. Similarly seed was the most provided input followed by fertilizers. Top most source of agriculture information was input dealers followed by ...

Abiodun D. Olabode

...view to identify farm management practices that enhance sustainable production of rice in the study area. Primary data were obtained through the use interview schedule. Eighty copies of structured interview were purposively employed to obtain individual response of the farmers whose plots fall within the demarcated forty-sampled quadrats from both irrigated and non-irrigated farms. Information on socio-economic activities of the rice farmers, level of rice yie...

Behzad Hussain1, 2, Abdullah Iqbal2, Muhammad Abubakar2*

...ear Eid-ul-Adha. Haemorrhages are the major signs of this fatal disease. No treatment of CCHF is available currently but Ribavirin antiviral drug is used to cure this disease. There is currently no commercially available vaccine for this disease. It is recommended that the disease can be controlled by adopting preventive measures such as avoiding of tick bites and contact with blood of the suspected animal. 

...

Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El Naggar2, Ahmed M. Helal3, Hussein Ahmed Hussein1 and Neil LeBlanc4

...12KRQKR116), at the cleavage site of the fusion (F) protein indicated the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis of the F and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes indicated that the isolate clustered with the PPMV-1 strains recently reported from Israel within subgenotype VIb. Our findings report the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egyptian pigeons and the potential role these wild birds can play in the transmission and evolution dynamics of PPMV-1.

...

Moustafa Kardjadj

...an class="s1">and 06 lineage are circulating in the North Africa, of which serotype O is responsible for most of the outbreaks. However, the rapid spread of SAT2 and other exotic FMDV lineages in Libya and Egypt demonstrated the need for a robust surveillance system to detect and respond effectively to exotic infections. Emergence and re-emergence of FMD virus genotypes/line

Nazish Huma Khan*, Mohammad Nafees and Adila Bashir

...ults showed that the average concentrations of metals in soils of orchard and non-orchard fields were as chromium (Cr) 56.9 and 52.2 mg kg-1, Ni 29.8 and 27.9 mg kg-1 and Cd 2.46 and 1.11 mg kg-1, respectively. The risk contribution from Cd, Cr and Ni were significant in crop seeds of orchard field (THQ>1). The substantial load of heavy metals in studied fields showed the anthropogenic source of pollution. Therefore regular ...

Murtaza Ali*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub

...d ash content during storage. It was concluded and recommended on the basis of mentioned facts that mulberry fruit dehydrated by using solar drier and portable solar drier are best drying technique for mulberry fruits. 

...

Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*

...ing system, however, average yield differs by 100% from the national average yield due to rainfed planting (67%). Sowing of wheat in the area starts in October subject to onset of winter rains which delays its planting in the season. This study aims to compare yield performance of newly released varieties of wheat by delay in sowing in the season under rainfed condition. Field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research...

Imtiaz Hussain, M. Sajid, Noor ul Amin, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Abrar Hussain Shah, S. Mussarat       Hussain, Sayed Hussain and Nagina Zeb

...nd more sprouting percentage (96%), number of sprout plant-1 (6.45), sprout length (27.41 cm), sprout thickness (0.12 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (16.33) and plant survival percentage (81.72%). The more day to new bud sprout (24 days) and the minimum sprouting percentage (79%), number of sprout plant-1 (4.80), sprout length (23.96 cm), sprout thickness (0...

Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman

...culation of a single lineage virus and most importantly effective planning and implementation of the vaccination programme. Sharing the experiences on the PPR control strategies adopted by some of the states in India may motivate other Indian states or other countries of similar socio-economic and small ruminant rearing pattern to vaccinate and control PPR.

...

Neil Levy

...having, and taking advantage of, a capacity for culture. AIs with such a capacity may have intellectual powers greater than ours currently are, but the collective deliberation that underlies the power of cumulative culture is more powerful when there is sufficient diversity among the deliberators. This fact will give AIs a reason to value our continued flourishing, so that we are able to contribute to valuable epistemic diversity. 

...

Neil Levy

...having, and taking advantage of, a capacity for culture. AIs with such a capacity may have intellectual powers greater than ours currently are, but the collective deliberation that underlies the power of cumulative culture is more powerful when there is sufficient diversity among the deliberators. This fact will give AIs a reason to value our continued flourishing, so that we are able to contribute to valuable epistemic diversity. 

...

Klara Fischer1*, Erika Chenais1,2, Emeli Torsson1, Jonas Johansson Wensman1

...s that social science engagement in PE to date is virtually non-existent, but that increased efforts to draw lessons from the social sciences and to increase the degree of participation in PE could increase its potential as an important tool in disease impact assessment and control. Particular attention is paid here to the potential role of PE in future research on the epidemiology and control of PPR. 

...

Keyvan Sharifmoradi1*, Nader Farahpour2

... to compare with healthy age group. A total of 14 patients with PD and 16 normal elderly subjects with matched age and gender were included in the study. A motion analysis system (Vicon Motion Analysis System) and two Kistler force plates were used to measure forces applied on the legs. Data were evaluated using independent t-test with significant point set at p< 0.05. There was no difference in cadence betw...

Ali Tahmasebi1, Parvin Raji1*, Mostafa Kamali2

...ic diplegic CP with mean age and body mass index of 7 ± 1.3 years and 14.70 ± 1.73 kg/m2 respectively and 15 normal children with mean age and body mass index of 7.2 ± 1 years and 14.83 ± 1.57 kg/m2. Children were instructed to stand with bare feet for 60 seconds on a 5-cm-thick piece of foam which was placed on a Kistler force plate with their Eyes Open (EO), Eyes Close (EC) and Mirror Visual Fee...

Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*

 

...ngladesh belonged to Lineage IV and they formed a separate sub-cluster along with recent isolates from Nepal, Bhutan and China. On genetic analyses, it appeared that the N gene of PPRV is less conserved as compared to the F gene. Two unique amino acid substitutions (K423Q and E426G) were observed in Bangladeshi and Chinese isolates in the partial sequence of N protein.The recent Bangladeshi isolates are somewhat divergent from the earlier Bangladeshi isolate, ...

Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4

...g of the PPRV within lineage IV with significant substitutions in the nucleoprotein (NP) gene. Genetic variations within NP gene, and possibly in other proteins which are essentially mediating protective immunity, may explain the extreme infectious nature of the virus and its host-specific pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the nature of such circulating field viruses is essential to underpin the endemic potential of PPRV and its possible spread to the susc...

Muhammad Siddiq1* and Hamid Ullah Shah2

 

...etable oil with good storage stabilities. The current study was conducted to identify the best oil blend in terms of physicochemical properties between olive and palm oils. Laboratory experiment on “Effect of stress conditions on the quality and stability of olive and palm oil blends” was conducted at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Tarnab Peshawar and The University of Agriculture Peshawar KP-Pakistan during 2015. Olive: palm oil...

 Zar Muhammad and Mohammad Tariq Jan

...nents over two years average data. Compost application produced more maize ears m-2 (13%), grains ear-1 (28%), 1000 grains weight (14%), biological yield (56%), grain yield (65%) and harvest index (5%) over control. Among varying composition composts, higher grains ear-1(274), 1000 grains weight (270.7g), biological yield (16151 kg ha-1) and grain yield (4803 kg ha-1) were observed for 100% FYM compost. Higher grains ear-1 (245), 1000 grains weight (255.3 g), ...

 Shahab e Saqib, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad, Sanaullah Panezai, Hidayatullah, Khalid Khan Khattak

...ccess to credit whereas, age and farmers’ group had negative association with access to credit. Our findings suggest that there is a need to revamp the policy to address the interests of small landholders, particularly those who possess land less than 5 acres because they had limited access to formal sources of credit.

...

 Farmanullah Khan, Samad Khan, Wiqar Ahmad and Imran Khan

...d WHC, saturation percentage, organic matter content, plant available N, P and K significantly (p<0.05) both at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths. Effect of fertilizer sources either alone or in integrated form was non-significant on Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concentration. Economic analysis showed that NPK75FYM20 rewarded the maximum net income of Rs. 43108 ha-1, indicating its superiority for profitable wheat yield under rain-fed conditions. It can be concluded from these...

 Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Rajwali Khan, Syed Muhammad Sohail, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib and Asim Ijaz

...ion under the Biorisk Management framework and One Health perspective. A total of 410 and 202 blood samples were collected from cattle and humans respectively. Total 40 samples of subsistence farms and 30 nomadic herds were analysed. Forty eight farm workers, 40 farm owner 36 abattoirs workers, 15 veterinary assistants, 15 veterinarian and 40 butchers were also screen out. Overall sero-prevalence in cattle was 15.36% on SPAT, 14.39% by i-ELISA and 14.14% throu...

 Arif Khan, Abdur Rahman, Shoail Akhtar, Siraj Uddin, Zahid Ullah and Nazir Ahmad

 
...in relation to breed and age. A total of one hundred and eight beef samples from Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected from three age groups (i.e. group 1= 12-18 monts, 2 =18.1-36.0 months and 3= > 36 months) of Kundi and Nili Ravi breeds of buffalo. Samples were obtained from freshly preselected slaughtered buffaloes at local municipal abattoir Peshawar. The effect of breed and animal age

 Mukhtiar Ahmed, Jana Pickova, Taufiq Ahmad, Muhammad Liaquat, Abid Farid, Muhammad Jahangir

...major problem in the storage of fatty acids in foods. Oxidation occurs by several molecular mechanisms such as generation of reactive oxygen precursors and free radicals. Oxidation affects many interactions among food constituents, leading to both desirable and undesirable products. Food lipids are the foods components that are most susceptible to oxidation, therefore oxidation reactions are one of the major sources of deterioration that occurs during manufact...

 Abdul Qahar and Bashir Ahmad

...or efficient nutrient management and has considerable role in enhancing crop yield. To study the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on maize hybrids, field experiments were laid out at the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2013 and 2014, respectively. Nitrogen (0, 250, 300, 350 kg ha-1) and Sulfur (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) in main plots, whereas maize hybrids (R-3305, R-2210, R-2207) in subplots, were replicated t...

Jannatul Noor, Md. Ahaduzzaman, Mir Md. Afzal Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Sardar Abdur Rahim and Md. Samun Sarker

 John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils

...rn blot formats is advantageous for validation of aptamer binding and specificity based on molecular weight matching of detected electrophoretic bands across a spectrum of related and unrelated bacteria.

...

Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4

...rithm displayed that ewe age, number of milking and lactation length for lactation milk yield should be taken into account and lactation lengths for Akkaraman sheep milked more than 2 a day should be longer than 150 days at 3 year old age group, and longer than 160 days at 4 year old age group for sustaining high productivity in lactation milk yield. Consequently, it is recommendable that ...

 Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Qamaruddin Jogi, Mahmooda Buriro, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari and Ali Nawaz Khaskheli

 

...dly approach for weed management. A pot experiment to evaluate the allelopathic potential of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (L.) against Convolvulus arvensis (L.) and Cyperus rotundus (L.) was undertaken during summer 2011. The study was conducted at Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in three replicated completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of control (untreated), eucalypt...

Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Waqar Ahmad1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Noor Islam1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Zain Ul Abiden2 

...r, respectively. The average efficacy (%) of the four groups were 86±.58, 66.5±3.93, 75±7.04, 18.25± 10.25 in winter, 77±3.52, 76.75±30, 79±2, 18.25±0.75 in spring and 74.75±1.44, 65.75±1.11, 63±2.04, 18.25±1.11 in summer season, respectively. No queens were lost, and there was no adult honeybee mortality in any of the colonies during the experiment. It can be concluded that sc...

Muhammad Ibrahim, Jawaria Ali Khan, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, Wasim Shehzad, Muhammad Avais, Ali Husnain, Naimatullah Khan, Muhammad Kamran Ameen and Abdullah Iqbal

...d a 50 % recovery percentage when treated with lemon for five days and 33 percent cows recovered from subclinical mastitis when treated with Black Pepper for five days. Udder health status and milk quality can be enhanced with use of Garlic and Vitamin E + Se combination in cows.

...

Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar

...s and Gigaspora. The average AMF spore density ranged from 56-260 spores/100g soil while root colonization ranged from 32-100%. Mycorrhizal enhancement regarding AMF spores density and root colonization ranked asRP0>RP1>RP2>RP3 in all hybrids i.e 0%>25%>50%>100%.

...

Hina Fatima, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Mahreen Zaid-Ullah, Abdul-Jabbar, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai

...n farmers. Hence the average output of Non-BT cotton and BT-cotton farms could be increased by 30 and 10 percent, respectively by adopting the technology with an appropriate approach. The results of the inefficiency model reveal that the factors like education, experience and distance from the main market, are the most influential determinants of the technical efficiency in both NonBT and BT- cotton farms. Extension of cotton production required the developmen...

Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro

...he effect of nutrient management on growth, yield characters and leaf reddening in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Cotton variety Haridost was studied under 4 NPK treatments (000 NPK kg ha-1, 120-0-0 kg N ha-1, 120-70-0 kg N ha-1, 120-70-40 kg NPK ha-1 and 5 secondary and micronutrient (Control, 50, 3, 4 and 1.5 kg ha-1 Mg, Fe, Zn and B, respectively) treatments. NPK @ 120-70-40 kg ha-1 resulted maximum plant height, number of green leaves plant-1, number of o...

Muhammad Khurshid, Muhammad Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim and Wajid Rashid

...bor (male and female) of age 14 to 60 significantly (P<0.01) reduced during past 30 years and partly shifted to cropping. The male herding labour reduced 40.2% in semi-nomadic pastoralists and 8% in nomadic pastoralists. Similarly the female herding labour reduced 54.3% in semi-nomadic and 32.2 in nomadic pastoralists. This reduction is highly observed in herding labour of semi-nomadic pastoralists followed by nomadic pastoralists. It is concluded that due ...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek

...ggs (95.6%) and second stage juveniles (J2) (95.8%) infection. In greenhouse experiment, similar trend was found. L. muscarium proved to be more effective against M. hapla whereas S. rugosoannulata and C. rosea showed better results among other tested fungi in experiments. Moreover, plant growth parameters were also improved due to antagonistic relationship of fungi and nematodes in soil.

...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek

...to compare biological management through nematophagous fungus Lecanicillium muscarium with chemical nematicides, Vydate, Basamid (G) and fertilizer, Calcium cyanamide through soil application to control sugar beet cyst nematodes Heterodera schachtii. Lecanicillium muscarium decreased nematode population significantly (P=0.05 and caused reductions in final numbers of cysts per 250 g of soil, eggs and juveniles per cyst. Nematicides effects were not quite signif...

Felwa A. Thagfan1, Mohamed A. Dkhil1,2* and Saleh Al-Quraishy1

...he number of parasitic stages and the number of goblet cells in the jejunal villi in the infected mice. Moreover, the expression of the goblet cell mucin gene, muc2 was upregulated after treatment with the root extract. Based on our results, it could be concluded that, S. persica root extracts acts as anticoccidial agent.

...

Muhammad Aslam

...that in Pakistan, on average current yield of wheat, cotton, rice, maize and sugarcane is 2.26, 1.87, 2.88, 1.77 and 48.06 tons per hectare, respectively against 6.80, 4.30, 5.20, 9.20 and 300 tons per hectare potential yield of wheat, cotton, rice, maize and sugarcane, respectively, obtained through research. This reflects a yield gap of 67, 57, 45, 81 and 84 % between average and potential yield of wheat, cotton, rice, mai...

Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah

...lating the values of average treatment effects (ATE) on eight performance indicators. The outcomes of study disclosed that cooperative members have higher farm income, more milk production, reared improved cattle breeds, get better access to veterinarian services and used more nutritious fodder (silage), as compared to non-members. The findings of study also provided the evidence that establishment of milk marketing cooperat...

Muhammad Mushtaq, Umer Sadique, Naila Chand, Iftikhar Ahmed, Said Sajjad Ali Shah, Ijaz Ahmad, Imran Ullah and Muqadar Shah

...ycemic and hypolipidemic agents.

...

Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Iqbal Hassan, Qurban Hussain3 and Greg Hamilton

...cation and intensive tillage is the norm on Pakistani farms, which exacerbate water logging and salinity and reduce the water productivity of major crops. Addressing these issues, a long term experiment (2000 to 2009) under wheat-maize (9 seasons each) cropping pattern was conducted on raised beds (with furrow spacing of 65 cm (Narrow Bed-NB), 130 cm (Medium Bed- MB) and 180 cm (Wide Bed-WB)), with controlled traffic regime emplaced, in comparison with traditi...

Haidar Ali, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Himayatullah Khan

... and Charsadda. Four villages were studied two each from the sampled districts. Analysis showed that owners (59.31 percent off-farm employment) were performing more off-farm jobs than the tenants (50.74 percent off-farm employment) and owner-cum-tenants (41.77 percent off-farm employment). The dominancy of owners in the off-farm employment was associated to the farm holding size (up to 1 acre), they operated. Similarly the small farm households (Owners, Owner-...

Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1

...ding key factors such as age and ethnicity, communal domain, education level, employment status and demographic factors (drug route, drug dose) have bearing upon heroin addiction was collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Early age of addiction onset, low literacy rate, peer pressure, occupation type, and stress are among risk factors increasing susceptibility towards heroin addiction ...

Iqra Mahmood1, Asif Nadeem1*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1, Maryam Javed1, Aisha Siddiqa1, Tanveer Hussain2 and Muhammad Tariq Pervez2

...sponse to the infectious agents is necessary. Identification of the genes, and their variants, involved in innate immune responses is essential for the understanding of this inflammatory disease and to identify potential genetic markers for resistance to mastitis. This article presents a systematic integration of complex biological interactions of 226 mammary gland genes to uncover underlying regulatory networks. Data were collected from various databases afte...

Aqila Shaheen and Mehwish Matien

...ge difference in SOC storage and physico-chemical properties mainly in relation to climate, soil type and vegetation.

...

Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3*

... arrangement and codon usage analyzed. Phylogenetic Bayesian and ML analyses were conducted, using a concatenated set of 12 protein-coding genes, and adding 16 other species of gobies (Gobiidae). The mitogenome sequences of O. lacepedii,

Metin Duru1*, Asuman Arslan Duru1, Köksal Karadaş2, Ecevit Eyduran3, Harun Cinli4 and Mohammad Masood Tariq5

...ntained individually in cages of 35 x 40 x 45 cm. The strongest correlations were found for egg weight-egg width (r=0.910, P<0.01), haugh unit-albumen index (r=0.876, P<0.01), egg weight-egg height (r=0.799, P<0.01), and egg shape index-egg height (r=0.693, P<0.01). ANOVA results revealed that treatment factor influenced only egg height among all the egg characteristics (P<0.05). The effect of treatment by week interaction on all the characteris...

Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi

...ndus River at Taunsa Barrage, situated in South Punjab Pakistan. The survey was conducted from September 2013 to August, 2014 at eight sampling sites to ascertain fish diversity and their distribution pattern. A total 2249 fish specimen were collected using a variety of fish nets and identifications of these fishes were made by using standard taxanomic keys on the basis of morphometric characters. Seventy species belonging to 43 genera and 17 families were rec...

Irfan Ullah and Abbas Ullah Jan

... vegetables, sugar, beverages, wheat and wheat flour, rice, other cereals, pulses, oil and fats, tea and coffee, backed products and other food. Economic factors such as food commodities price and household’s income and their socio-economic and demographic characteristics are included in the model. Results indicate that with an increase in the age, household consume more of meat, fruit, wheat and wheat flour, pulses, t...

Robina Karim and Dawood Jan

...f WTO’s unfinished agenda. The rate of increase in imports is greater the rate of increase in exports and that is why Pakistan still faces the problem of trade deficit even after the implementation of WTO.

...

Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid2

...stem. Among many pest management approaches, biological control is considered as the main strategy to address these issues including sucking pests. Different biocontrol agents are being used for the management of these sucking insect pests. Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been proved as an efficient acarine predator of sucking insect pests of different crops. This predator has...

Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand

...iostatic or bactericidal agents either to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Their abuse results in various side effects on the human health, environment and agriculture. The occurrence of bacterial “suprainfection” with tolerance to antibiotics has attracted the significant attention, mainly due to the consequences of multi drug resistance and potential threat to human health and the environment. With the increasing incidences of antimi...

Asma-ul-Husna1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Bushra Allah Rakha3, Rabea Ejaz1, Nemat Ullah1 and Shamim Akhter1*

...: justify;">Oxidative damage to sperm during cryopreservation is one of the main causes of decline in fertilizing potential. Present study aimed at evaluating the role of melatonin in extender for its cryoprotective effect on post-thaw quality of buffalo bull semen. For this purpose, two consecutive ejaculates were collected from three Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls using artificial vagina at weekly intervals for a period of three weeks (three replicates). Qualifying...

Muhammad Imran*, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Nasir and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh

...on three developmental stages i.e., colony initiation, development and maturation stages under controlled laboratory conditions. Queen oviposition rate was 1.4-fold higher in polycarbonate box compared to wooden and cardboard materials. Early start of egg-laying (first oviposition period) and earlier emergence of first worker were found in polycarbonate box as compared to others. Similarly, colony foundation st

Ayanda Opeyemi Isaac,1,* Oniye Sonnie Joshua2 and Auta Jehu2

 

...f equilibrum and haemorrhage. Observation of opercular ventilation count (OVC), tail fin movemant rate (TMR) and air gulping index (AGI) showed a marked difference between control and exposed fishes, indicating that the herbicides negatively impact on these parameters. These behavioural and morphological anomalies became more pronounced with increasing concentrations of the herbicides. Mortality was also observed to be concentration dependent. After 96 h ...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

... pest of sugar beet, cabbage, broccoli and radish, among other crops. It is a cyst-forming nematode that affects plant growth and yield. We report on studies aimed to evaluate the effects of five nematophagous fungi on the population dynamics of this pest in sugar beets in laboratory and greenhouse trials. The fungi chosen were Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and Lecanicillium muscarium. In the ...

Syeda Farzana Bibi*, Lal Badshah and Siraj-ud-Din

...species should be discouraged which might become problematic in future for the indigenous flora.

...

Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4

 

...opping season. Their average maximum populations (5.65 and 3.20 individuals / leaf) were recorded during 3-week of May 2009. Aphis gossypii was recorded during the month of March and its maximum population (28.3 individuals / leaf) was observed during 2-week of March 2009. Likewise, Nysius inconspicuous was observed during seeds development and its maximum population (126 individuals / head) was recorded during 4-week of April 2009. Spodoptera spp, Thysano...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

... fungal conidial Pi. Foliage growth was directly related to fungal Pi and inversely to nematode Pi. Our results showed that the higher Pi of L. muscarium was associated with the lower Pf of M. incognita. Foliage growth increased with increased fungus inoculum.

...

Misbah Riaz1, Qaiser Mansoor2, Maleeha Akram1, Muhammad Ismail2, Parveen Akhtar3, Shakeel Mirza4, Mazhar Qayyum1, Afzaal Ahmed Naseem1, Faheem Tahir5 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1*

...ty and thirty one normal age matched controls were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using specific primers for GPR54 and GNRHR splice site exons. Mutations were analyzed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and/or sequencing. No mutation was identified in GPR54 gene, while two mutations in GNRHR gene were observed in one sporadic case of isolated HH. The first was a synonymous substitution mutation of T to G at nucleotide...

Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1

...secretion. Nevertheless, age and developmental stage dependent changes in GH and T and LGV and their associations require further investigation. This study examined relationships between GH and LGV, T and LGV and GH and T in 540 normal healthy boys of 1 to 20 years (n=27 boys/age group). The concentrations of GH and T were measured using specific ELISA systems and LGV was calculated for ea...

 Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5

...ship between nematode dosage and production of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema feltiae and ability to locate hosts, therefore, in the present studies investigations were done on these aspects. A significantly greater emergence of IJ of S. feltiae from Galleria mellonella was observed with White traps than with modified Baermann trays. Maximum juveniles of S. feltiae emerged at 50 IJ dose followed by 100 IJ. The emergence of IJ decreased significantly a...

Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A

...nclude ecchymotic hemorrhages in the breast and thigh muscles, mucosa of the junction between the proventriculus and gizzard, severely enlarged and hemorrhagic bursa of Fabricius (BF) and splenomegaly. The bursa of Fabricius was harvested for laboratory investigation using AGID for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). As part of investigation to screen for co-infection of CIA and IBD in the flock, the BF was also screened for the presence of chicken anemia ...

Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2 

...dge chickens) of similar age and weight were evaluated in the present study. We extracted DNA from blood samples and analyzed polymorphisms of HTT gene as wells as possible association with egg production performances including age at first egg (AFE), laying rate (LR), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), average egg weight (AEW). Two polymorphisms (G50831C and G62976A) were detected and ...

Siyu Yang1, Fukuan Du2 and Pao Xu1,2*

... detected during early-stage embryonic development, decreased during subsequent developmental stages then increased gradually from the stage of midgastrula onward. This study provides some basic evidence that SS1 may play a role in growth, development and metabolism in C. nasus, and provides a basis for further study of SS neuropeptide family in C. nasus.

...

Sania Subhan Qureshi, Mian Saeed Sarwar and Zahir Shah

...aily check-up for any damage to the stitches and for regular dressing of the wound with antiseptic. Antibiotics and analgesic was recommended for 3-5 days respectively. As per feedback of the owner, the wound was healed and no complication was reported from the owner.

...

Muhammad Sohail1,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi2 and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry3

... to determine the DNA damage by comet assay. The tail DNA (%), comet tail length and olive tail moment (OTM) were the parameters selected to detect DNA damage. Low doses (120 µg L-1) of each metal induced significantly higher levels of DNA strands breaks as compared to medium dose (240 µg L-1) and very low levels of DNA damaged was observed at high dose (360 µg L-1). Cu a...

Jose M. Rojas, Noemi Sevilla and Veronica Martin

...rus (PPRV) is the causal agent of a highly contagious disease that affects domestic and wild small ruminants, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Due to the important economical losses caused by this virus in Africa and Asia, the development of more effective, targeted and successful treatments for the disease are necessary. Like other Morbilliviruses, PPRV induces a suppression of the immune system during the acute disease, which favours the establishment and e...

Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6

...f fish meal strategic management of fisheries resources will be required.

...

Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1, Farzana Abbas1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Khalid Javed Iqbal3, Ghulam Abbas4* and Syedah Andleeb5

...nna marulius with an average weight of 948.02±5.72g was randomly stocked in duplicate earthen ponds (90×70×4ft) and fed on 40%, 35% and 30% protein diet @5% of their live body weight. In 40% protein diet treatment, male fish was injected 1st dose with ovaprim + HCG (0.3+0.3ml) and female fish was given 2nd dose after 24 hrs of intervals with ovaprim (0.2ml), while 1st dose ovaprim (0.7ml)+HCG (1.0ml) and 2nd dose ovaprim (0.7ml) was given to...

Faiqah Ramzan*1 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan2

...toneally in different dosage concentrations (1μg, 1 ng, and 10 ρg) to adult male mice twice daily for 12 days. Prostatic citric acid levels were determined photometrically. The levels decreased significantly at all tested doses. Intermittent administration of Kisspeptin –10 negatively regulates the prostatic citric acid levels in adult male mice.

...

Marryam Bakhtawar1, Qamar Saeed1* and Naeem Iqbal2

...elopment of all larval stages on all diets with maximum survival of lady bird beetle larvae on mustard aphid (76.6%) followed by on grain moth’s eggs (20%), immature mealybugs (6%) and the least survival on honey. These findings can lead to the discovery of new artificial diets for the C. undecimpunctata for the mass release in fields in order to biologically control a number of pests for an eco-friendly pest control system.

...

Abdul Sattar Baloch1*, Abdul Rasheed1,2, Rahmatullah Rind1, Jam Kashif Sahito1, Rehana Buriro1, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1 and Parkash Dewani1

...els less than 9 years of age (13.33%). Milk samples were collected to detect the antibodies against the disease, however, none of the sample was found to be positive for brucellosis. It was concluded that the brucellosis is prevalent among camels of studied areas.

...

Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2

...selected randomly at the age of 35-50 weeks without any direct clinical manifestation of avian influenza. Serum collected from 120 birds was tested for antibodies against H9N2 by using Haemagglutination Inhibition assay. Calculated geometric mean titers of 5.37 revealed the infectivity of the flock with H9N2 Influenza virus. To investigate the presence of virus in the study population, trachea, lung and intestine tissue samples were processed for RNA isolation...

Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed

...lity in Pakistan. Its management has largely relied upon the indiscriminate and injudicious use of conventional insecticides resulting in problem of insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, fruit contamination and health hazards. The major goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bio-insecticide, emamectin benzoate with other conventionally used insecticides against B. zonata. The results revealed the high toxicity of emamectin ...

Abdul Mannan Babar1* and Abdul Hannan Nagi2

...ral perichondrium, cartilage, and dorsal perichondrium punch excision, leaving behind only dorsal skin.

...

Atta ur Rehman1, Sher Ali2 and Sajid Malik2*

Hussain Ahmad1, Inamullah1, Ijaz Ali2, Tauseef Ahmad3, Muhammad Tufail4, Kabir Ahmad5 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza3,6*

...h female and male of all ages, meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria) with informed consent were included in the study. Blood samples were collected and brucellosis was detected by Standard Plate Agglutination Test (SPAT) and Serum Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and later on confirmed by PCR. Disease was detected in 3.66% (11/300) individuals by SPAT and 2% (6/300) by STAT and confirmed in 2.66 % (8/300) by PCR. The prevalence of disease in females was foun...

Ahmed Samy, Wesam Mady, Naglaa M. Haggag, Samah H. Mohamed, Ebtissam N. AlShamy, M.K. Hassan

...difference close to cleavage site (HARSSR/ GLF) and (PARSSR/GLF) for V3 and RSF/1 respectively. Results of growth kinetics in PBMCs showed that V3 replicated more efficiently comparing to RSF/1 at all-time points. Further, strain V3 induced significant up-regulation of IL-1b and IL-6 at 24 hours post infections (hpi) comparing to RSF/1. However, both strains induced significant up-regulations of interleukin (IL)-8 at 1 and 3hpi and interferon (IFN)-α lat...

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi

...osorbent assay. The mean age of subjects was 39.5±0.48 years and the mean CD4+ was 384.27 ±17.77 cells/µl. Out of 278 subjects tested, 11 (4%) were positive for anti-EBV IgM. Anti-EBV IgM was highest in the age group 41-50 years, 5 (5.81%); females, 8 (4.85%); students (14.21%); and CD4+ 350-500 cells/µl, 4 (36.36%). The multivariate analysis using age and the CD4...

Dilawar Hussain* and Abdul Mateen

...t weight gain (NWG), average daily gain (ADG), survival, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PRE), irrespective the addition of the 4TX in the diets. Among different dietary groups of the fish, % survival was not affected significantly (p<0.05). T1 showed maximum NWG (45.49±3.85), FER (0.739±0.02) and PER (36.36±1.83) when compared to other dietary treatment groups. The addition of 4TX clay in the diet...

Nighat Sultana1,2,*, Shazia Iftikhar1, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif2 and Iffat Tahira2

...66%) fodder, with an average concentration of 9.49 and 8.36ng/g respectively. Aflatoxin B2 was detected in only two samples (16%) (1.2 and 1.3ng/g), aflatoxin G1 and G2 were not found. Ochratoxin A was found more frequently in fresh (54.16%) than in ensiled (20.86 %) samples with a mean of 8.06 and 4ng/g respectively. Average values for total aflatoxins (TAFs) and OTA were below the permissible limits as per regulation of E...

Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1

.../L in spring. Annual average biomasses of protozoa, rotifera, cladocera and copepods were 0.13 mg/L, 0.11 mg/L, 0.63 mg/L and 0.34 mg/L, respectively. The lowest values of zooplankton species richness, abundance and biomass appeared at the site which provides the maximum concentrations of nutrients. Zooplankton communities were more correlated to phytoplankton community biomass than environmental factors. Results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) reve...

Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1

...Logistic models. The average annual landings of S. longiceps stocks were 38 353 t while the highest and lowest 65 050 t in 1994 and 26 937 t in 2009 was recorded correspondingly. The MSY was estimated using the initial proportion (IP) value of 1 because the starting catch was approximately 100% of the maximum catch. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA with the Fox model under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma were 25 860.07 t (R2 = 0.8...

Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*

...n ongoing era, bacteriophages are an alternate possible effective remedy. Therefore, in this study the infection ability of three lytic phages SA, SANF and SA2 was determined against ten isolates of Staphylococci and one Micrococcus, isolated from five raw milk samples. Their morphological, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that two strains were S. aureus, while all others were different coagulas...

Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele

... collected using a two-stage sampling technique to select one hundred and sixty respondents for the study. A purposive selection of two Local Government Areas each from the two Agricultural Development Programme administrative zones (Zones C and D) in Kwara State where fish farming is prominent and well-practiced was carried out. Forty fish farmers were then randomly selected from the fish farmers’ association chapter present in each selected Local Gover...

Bahattin Cak1, Orhan Yilmaz1, Siddik Keskin2, Tahir Bayril3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*

...ody weight at a specific age. We investigated the growth characteristics of Colored Mohair goat using four nonlinear growth models. Thirty (n=22 males and n=8 females) Colored Mohair kids were used. The kids were weighed at 2-week intervals from birth to 150 days. The Monomolecular, Gompertz, Richards and Three Parameter Logistic models were used. The best model was determined by considering the root mean square error, R2 % and asymptotic correlation coefficie...

Shazia Irfan1*, Asima Rani1, Muhammad Arshad2 and Razia Bashir1

...00 individuals including age and gender matched healthy individuals (control group) and RA patients were genotyped. Detection of rs2070424 polymorphism was carried out using allele specific PCR based amplification strategy. The serum samples were analyzed for determination of metals and minerals through Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA 6600 Shimadzu). The statistical analysis indicated that non-significant association existed between SOD1 (rs2070424) ge...

Sidra-Tul-Muntaha1, Muhammad Sagheer1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan1 and Shahbaz Talib Sahi2

...e helpful in organic storage of pulses by integrating the reduced risk pesticides with plant extracts.

...

Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar

...evaluation of intrinsic (age groups and sex) and extrinsic factors (season fluctuation) clearly indicated the occurrence of previous outbreaks of PPR virus due to persistency of virus in endemic regions.

...

Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla

...nd camels (n=155) of all ages and sexes were collected in a cross-sectional study in Hail, Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah. Saudi Arabia. The seroprevalece was determined by NP-epitopes based competitive ELISA. The overall prevalence was 59.9%, goats had a significantly higher sero-prevalence of 75.3% compared to 59.4% obtained from sheep, whereas camels were seronegative. The prevalence of PPR was increasing from 27.9% in 2011 to 77.3% in 2016. Seropositivity was ...

Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran

 

...leaves (124%), fresh foliage yield (136%), dry foliage yield (16.4%), leaf length (20.2%) and leaf area (77.4%) were noted where pressmud + EM was applied as compared to its corresponding treatment without EM. Maximum Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations were found where pressmud + EM was applied. Dietary fiber, vitamin C and crude proteins were also increased in spinach with pressmud + EM application. It was concluded that EM-inocu...

Neelum Andaleeb and Munir Khan

...the study area. A multistage sampling method was used to select a sample of 274 livestock farm households from 6 union councils, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the female respondents through face to face interview. Cobb-Douglas production function and cost benefit analysis were used to arrive at the main conclusion. Results show that feed cost was the major component of total cost followed by labor cost. Aver

Nusrat Habib, Safeena Inam and Abdul Hayee Qureshi

...s its production and acreage decreased both in Pakistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. During 1997 area of sunflower was 6763 hectares with decreasing trend it reached at 503 hectares during 2011-12 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study was conducted to quantify the factors contributing to the non-adoption of sunflower. Data was collected from 100 respondents of different categories comprised of 43 adopters and 57 non-adopters of sunflower. The probit estimates were carr...

Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan

...h same resource base average sugarcane growers can increase his yield up to 14% and most technical inefficient grower can increase his per acre yield up to 52% in order to achieve technical efficiency level (98%) of efficient fellow grower in study area. Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of technical efficiency describes that in study area one percent increase in land under sugarcane crop, seed , urea, DAP, farmyard manure, tractor hours, irrigation, pesticide...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar

...dda, adjacent to Mohmand agency. The construction of dam was started in 2009 and was completed in 2011. It is claimed that dam will irrigate 5000 acre of land in four mouza’s of district Charsadda. Present study is an attempt to determine the impact of Palai dam on the land use and cropping pattern, crop production and revenue of mouza Qilla, Tehsil Tangi, district Charsadda in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Secondary data was collected from reve...

Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi

...odes length, brix percentage and reducing sugar while S-08-FSD-19 showed maximum values for number of tillers and stem girth, whereas S-05-FSD-307 revealed maximum values for plant height and number of nodes. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, brix percentage, reducing and non-reducing sugar. A total of 79.75% cumulative variance was estimated in genot...

Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin

...ng their inputs. The average allocative efficiency was around 75%. Approximately 36 percent of farms allocative efficiency varies from 0.20 to 0.60. Around 60% of farms allocative efficiency ranges from 0.61 to above 0.90. The under and over-utilization of inputs such as land, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides reflect the general performance of the inputs in terms of their degree of changes in cotton-melon output to change inputs reflected by the allocative ef...

Aqila Shaheen and Nadia Sabir

...ermine the effect of tillage with and without residues and organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield of wheat-maize cropping systems in the erosion-vulnerable sub-humid area. Treatments included tillage levels i.e. ST (shallow tillage), STR (shallow tillage with residues), DT (deep tillage) and DTR (dee...

Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3

...ted by employing multi stage sampling technique. At first stage, all the three tehsils (i.e.; Mardan, Takht Bhai and Katlang) of the district were selected. At second stage, two villages from each tehsil were randomly selected. In third stage, all the beneficiaries of ZTBL credit program for maize crop was selected and...

Zamarud Shah, Safdar Hussain Shah, Asad Jan and Gul Shad Ali

...rexpression lines on average showed 33.26% less electrolyte leakage after induction of heat stress at 42°C compared to wild type plants (WT). No significant decrease was recorded in the chlorophyll content of overexpression lines whereas significant decrease was recorded in the chlorophyll content of WT plants following heat stress. Similarly, no significant reduction in the water content of the leaves of overexpression ...

Zeeshan Haider, Inayatullah Jan and Waqar Akram 

...a collected from two villages namely Shilozan and Pewar in Kuram Agency in the northwest of Pakistan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. The results of the paired t-test reveal that farmers observed a significant difference in the overall income and income from tomato crop after the conflict as shown by larger t-values of 6.17 with (p<0.01) and 10.91 with (p<0.01) respectively. It was ma...

Muhammad Afzal1 and Murad Khan2*

...argin were used. The average total cost of small poultry farm was Rs. 3,10,067 per flock while that of medium and large farms were Rs. 4,99,002 and Rs.7,34,290 respectively. The highest cost was estimated for feed followed by chicks cost. The average gross margin of small farms was Rs. 38,556 while that of medium and large farm were Rs. 62,844 and Rs. 89,261 respectively. The highest net benefits were reported from the large...

Gökhan Kuş1,*, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Emre Comlekci3 

...ng cytotoxicity of these agents by trypan blue assay, apoptosis inducing ability by annexin V and JC-1 staining and ultrastructural alterations by transmission electron microscopy. Our data clearly shows that ceranib-2 is more effective than C2 ceramide in promoting apoptosis. The cytotoxic effects of these components cause ultrastructural changes in A549 cells.
...
Yusuf Koc1, Ecevit Eyduran1* and Omer Akbulut2
...shki), birth weight, dam age, and dam weight. To choice the best regression tree method, goodness of fit criteria such as coefficient of determination (R2%), adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj-R2%), coefficient of variation (%), SD ratio, relative approximation error (RAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Pearson correlation between actual and predicted weaning weights were estimated for each combination. It was determined that CHA...
S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
...ll as polyphagous and damage wheat, oilseeds, vegetables and fruit crops. This study was carried out to observe the effect of plant extracts and semiochemicals on physiology and performance of endoparasitoid of aphids, Diaeretiella rapae. Seven different treatments of semiochemicals and plant extract were applied on aphid pests, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi and parasitoid was released. The data regarding emergence, parasitism, se...
Muhammad Arshad1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2*, Faisal Hafeez3, Ravaid Sherazi1 and Naeem Iqbal4
...coriandri (Das); cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L.;pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) was evaluated in the laboratory in no choice and free choice feeding assays. In the no choice feeding assay, the stages of beetle (adults, 3rd and 4th instar) consumed more aphids than early stages (1st and 2nd instar). In the free ch...
Serkan Sayiner1* and Hilal Karagul2
...fers, together with roughage selenium levels in eight livestock regions of Northern Cyprus from two different seasons. We also evaluated whether these concentrations were adequate. Heifer blood, feed samples including concentrate feed or roughage were analysed. It was found that there are significant seasonal differences for each region and regional differences in each season were due to different feeding conditions. Heifer ...
Naime Zülâl Elekcioğlu*
...al periods of immature stages ranged from 34.98 days at 15ºC to 9.15 days at 35ºC. The lower developmental threshold for C. phyllocnistoides estimated was 8.93°C. Mortality rate of immature stages decreased as the temperature increased, ranged from 27% at 15ºC to 8% at 35°C. Longevity of both sexes were different at all temperatures studied (except 30 and 32.5°C), ranged from 22.1 days at 15...
Irshad Ahmad
... nature and extent of damage done to walnut, and the preventive measures applied under integrated pest management program (IPM) and includes the cautious use of chemical insecticides, mechanical means, cultural and biological control methods for the substantial control of walnut borer. The present study offers valuable information through IPM, which appears to be a promising approach for the control of walnut borer. Collecti...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Zhong-Yuan Zhang1, Yan-Guo Han1, Wei-Wei Ni1, Ming-Xing Chu2, Yue-Hui Ma2, Jian-Ning He3, Huai-Zhi Jiang4, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Yan Zeng1, Ri-Su Na1, Gao-Fu Wang5, Hang-Xing Ren5 and Yong-Fu Huang1*
...o-ecological zone and management history. This indicated that the frequency of those five microsatellites did not increase during the reproduction of those six breeds. Therefore, these five fecundity related microsatellites are not appropriate biomarkers for goat breeding.

 

...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Waqar Ahmad1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1, Ammara Balouch1 and Muhammad Khalid Rafique1
... the number of pollen foragers returning to the hive entrance was recorded for 10 min duration on hourly basis between 0800 h to 1600 h for 3 days per week. The data was collected at 0800–1000 hours (early morning foraging activity), 1000-1200 hours (late morning foraging activity), 1200-1400 hours (Noon foraging activity) and 1400-1600 hours (afternoon foraging activity). The pollen collected in the pollen trap trays at regular intervals for a period of...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel*, Asad Ullah and Abdur Rashid
... in Mankial valleys. Vintage point count surveys revealed that the Markhor preferred habitats in Kalam and Mankial valleys in District Swat. Among the six sub valleys of Kalam, only Shahoo and Mahodand valleys have some population of Flare-horned Markhor whereas in Mankial the sub valleys of Basharai, Tanazgah and Bara Dara are the main habitats of this Markhor. The total number of Markhor recorded in Kalam and Mankial valleys was 136, out of which 84 were rec...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
...rtaken. Proteolytic cleavage site of F0 showed a cleavage motif (112RRQKR↓F117), representative of a velogenic serotype. Moreover, based on F and HN gene nucleotide sequence analysis, the isolate clustered as genotype VII closely associated to those reported from Indonesia. Further sequence analysis of hyper-variable region within F gene revealed its clustering to sub-genotype VIIe. The ...
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
...ifferent solution percentage (25, 50, 75 and 90%). It was observed that honey fed wasp pair produces significantly more number of eggs, adults and also lived significantly longer than other treatments. Highest fecundity and longevity of parasitoid was recorded in case of parasitoids feeding on 50% honey solution followed by 25% sugar and date syrups solutions respectively. It has provided useful information for the mass rearing of this potential biocontrol
Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1*, Hamayoon Khan2, Naeem Khan3, Khwaja Junaid1 and Inamullah Khan1
...eat cultivars to help manage R. padi. During this study seven wheat genotypes were evaluated as antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. These tested genotypes were (Pir Sabaq-2004, Atta-Habib, Saleem-2000, Serin-2010, Khyber-87, Sarhad-82, and Khushal-69) in three separate experiments. Antibiosis resistance was identified to R. padi in wheat cultivar (Serin-2010), where a minimum number of R. padi progeny were produced in 11.4 days. ...
Md. Yeamin Hossain1,*, Md. Alomgir Hossen1, Md. Nasir Uddin Pramanik1, Fairuz Nawer1, Md. Mosaddequr Rahman2, Suraiya Sharmin1, Dalia Khatun1, A. H. Bahkali3, Abdallah M. Elgorban3 and Khairun Yahya4
...e for the sustainable management of this threatened carp in Bangladesh and also neighboring countries.
...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...llected from various storage facilities of Punjab, Pakistan viz., Mandi Bahauddin-I, Mandi Bahauddin-II, Gujrat, Gujranwala and Sargodha. The activities of all esterases tested were significantly increased in all field collected phosphine-tolerant populations when compared with phosphine-susceptible population. Among developmental stages, the 4th instar larvae possessed higher esterase activities than 6
Atta ur Rehman Khan1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi2, Tariq Mukhtar1, Sajid Aleem Khan2 and Waqas Ashraf3
...lated with 1000 second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Eggplants inoculated with nematodes only served as control. Each treatment was replicated tenfold. Data were recorded after one week interval up to five weeks to record different developmental stages of M. incognita. After each harvest, neemex in combination with G. mosseae proved the most effective as the development of nematode was adversely affec...
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
...icate renal and liver damage. Concentration of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Cu and zinc in serum were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), indicating tubular damage in kidneys. 
...
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...ed remarks of research staged Staph. aureus to the most obvious pathogen and widely resistant to antimicrobials camel mastitogen. The risk factors were found soul determinants of pathogen spread among mammary glands of camels.
...
Rashid Mahmood1,*, Waqar Ahmad1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Anjum Shahzad2
...d in twenty different managed and unmanaged apple orchards of Murree for determining relationship of different pollinator groups with crop yield. Apple is dependent on insect pollinators to set fruit. Farmers in Pakistan are generally not aware of pollination needs of apple. Results depicted a high population decline of Syrphids and Non-Apis bees. Syrphids were recorded as 12.65 to 13.85 per 250 flowers in 2013 but decreased...
Jun Cui, Xiaoxu Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Derong Kong, Xuemei Qiu, Hongdi Wang and Xiuli Wang*
...ng a signal peptide cleavage site between amino acids 18 and 19. The CcWap65 is a hydrophilic protein and no trans-membrane topological proteins. The SMART analysis revealed that CcWap65 contains three hemopexin-like repeats (E-value < 0.05). The crucian carp Wap65 was mainly expressed in liver, with limited expression observed in intestine, skeletal muscle and kidney. CcWap65 was significantly up-regulated in the liver of crucian carp after h...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
... of both speciesfound engaged in foraging during 20th and 25th day after initiation of blooms on sunflower due to more number of pollen and nectar. Minimum number of honeybees was recorded during initial and very last days of flowering due to less number of plants with blooms and less availability of pollens and nectar on flowers. Maximum seed production as well as oil contents was obtained from sunflower plots kept under natural conditio...
Shazia Ali, Hizb Ullah and Sarwat Jahan*
...to 4 groups according to age and gender i.e ≤13 years females, >13 years females, ≤13 years and >13 years males. Height in centimeter, weight in kilogram was measured to calculate BMIKg/m2. Serum ferritin (ng/mL) and hemoglobin (gm/dl) alongwith hormonal assay of GH (ng/mL), T3 (ng/mL), T4 (µg/dL), TSH (μIU/mL), and kisspeptin (ng/ml) was done. BMI and hemoglobin were significantly reduced...
Fermín Lopez-Uriostegui1, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox2,*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chavez1, Virgilio Eugenio Arenas-Fuentes3 and Fernando Vega-Villasante4
...d M. tenellum in caged-pond system were studied. A total of 120 caridean shrimp (60 M. americanum and 60 M. tenellum) had their stomach repletion analysis. Samples were taken four-hly over a 24 h cycle. In general it was found that stomach repletion index showed both species feed 24 h, but forage activity differs in intensity in the two species. In M. tenellum repletion index was greatest during t...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
... The optimum monthly average temperature and relative humidity ranged from 26 to 35 °C and 60%, respectively. The population of the fruit fly was positively correlated with the temperature and slightly negative correlation was seen for relative humidity.
...
Mingqin Shao1*, Bin Chen1, Peng Cui2, Binbin Zeng1 and Jianhong Jiang1
...prey activities. The average group size of the scaly-sided merganser was 3.91 ± 2.94 individuals, and extremely significant differences existed at different time of day (F = 25.540, df = 11, P < 0.01). The largest group size (5.22 ± 5 individuals) appeared at 16:00–17:00, and the smallest at 08:00–09:00 (2.6 ± 1.12 individuals), similar results obtained between December 2015 and March 2016, which was related to the da...
Akbar Ali1,*, Khalil Mohamed2 and Fawzia Toulah3

 

...2 women of child bearing age were included from Rafha city of Saudi Arabia. Demographic data was recorded. Specific Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM were detected in serum by ELISA method. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected using PCR. Most women were in the 20-29 years age group (48%), followed by 30-39 years (33%) and >40 years (14%). Overall prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG was seen in 12%, with sig...

Tuli Dey, Sonnet Poddar and Mukti Barua

...apsed mass of cow was managed with lukewarm water and manual pressure replacement in non-raising condition of hindquarter. Vulvar Retention Suture (modified Bhuners suture) was given for not to recurrence of the condition. Proper postoperative treatment with antibiotic, antihistaminic and hormonal drugs were given. This case as well as the condition of the animal were followed up and gave the result of successful recovery without any complication.

...

Iftikhar Ahmad, Abdul M. Saleem, Ghulam Mustafa, Khurram Ziaf, Irfan Afzal and Muhammad Qasim

...igher final germination %age (11% for gerbera and 7% for zinnia), seedling vigor (83% for gerbera and 46% for zinnia), and fresh weight (0.95 g for gerbera and 2.29 g for zinnia) and dry weight (0.3 g for gerbera and 0.5 g for zinnia) of the seedlings. These halopriming treatments (25 to 50 mM CaCl2 or 50 to 100 mM KCl and KNO3­) can be commercially used by the growers for early, uniform and healthy nursery stand of the tested species, which can ensure uni...

Idowu Fagbamila1*, Adaobi Okeke2, Micheal Dashen2, Patricia Lar2, Sati Ngulukun1, Benshak Audu1, David Ehizibolo1, Paul Ankeli1, Pam Luka1, Maryam Muhammad1

...oint in the processing stage is likely to affect meat hygiene. Waste water generated during these activities typically has high presence of organic material such as blood, fat, flesh and excreta. In developing countries like Nigeria where access to portable water is lacking, it is not uncommon to “reuse” rinse water for processing several batches of poultry carcass.Several samples were collected from three poultry slaughterhouses within Jos metropo...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
...d is using antimicrobial agents in various forms since last 2000 years. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of different culture microbes against each other. A total six bacteria including Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pasteuralla multocida, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureius were used against each other to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. All of bacteria were ...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Rassol Bakhsh Tareen2, AsadUllah1 and Zahid Mustafa1
...mproved weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in feed intake (P>0.05). The treatment groups supplemented with Allium sativum showed higher growth performance compared to Cassia angustifolia and Artemisia scoparia and control(P<0.05). Relative organ weights and relative carcass yield of treatment groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). The Relative length ...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
...ile mean moisture percentage was recorded as 5.3% with a significant difference (P<0.05), the pH was noted to be slightly acidic with non-significant difference (P>0.05) among seasons. Overall mean viable fungal count was 4.72 × 103±708 with a significant association (P<0.05) among seasons. Out comes from study showed that, 44.8% of the assayed samples were contaminated with A. flavus. From them,48.8% of isolates were ca...

Mohammad Raoofi and Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim

...al traits of alfalfa, forage crop, as factorial and based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cuttings during 2013-14 crop years. The experimental treatments were weed interference and non-interference in two levels (hand weeding and non-hand weeding) and plant density in four levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 stems per square meter). The results obtained in two cuttings in the third year of established alfalfa showed that the weeds ca...

 Saqib Ali1, Suliman Ali1, Lina1, Wen Zhou1, Muhammad Irfan Waris1, Ashfaq Ali2 and Man Qun Wang1,*

...mic significance, and management. Beetles in the Cerambycidae family have implicit increasing importance as pests of green forest in addition to shade trees, shrubs, and pink wood products as well as vectors of tree ailments. The alien species related to hardwood packing substances have been remarkable tree destroyers in the urban and semi-urban areas of China. In forests flora and fauna inhabitant species take action against disturbances, for instance fires i...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1,*, Samia Afzal1, Zareen Fatima1, Sadia Zahid1, Usman Ashraf1 and Muhammad Idrees2
... positivity was found in age group of 16-25 rather than teenage (≤16) and older age group (≥50). From the result of this febrile illness study we concluded that males and young people are more susceptible to Dengue virus infection. Moreover serotype-2 was the main causative serotype of the 2013 outbreak of dengue fever.
...

Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi*1, Muzamil Memon2, Reema Bughio3, Pervez Ahmed Khoso4, Zafar Ali Khoso1 and Ali Asghar Baloch5

...nvestigate the effect of age and route of administration on the efficacy of live IBDV vaccines on broilers. A total of 120 broilers were randomly divided into six groups (20 birds in each) were coded A, B, C, D, E and F; vaccinated with various combinations of IBD through different routes. Results showed that the birds of different groups received different maternal antibodies did not induce any antibodies as recorded in all groups received vaccines at days 1,...
Irum, Akram Shah*, Sobia Wahid, Nazma Habib Khan and Qaisar Jamal
...dracunculiasis, five villages of Dera Ismail Khan including Kath Garh, Wanda Dost Ali, Chah Mundar Wala, Ketch and Gara Baloch were surveyed for a total of 206 randomly selected households, where the household heads (106 males and 100 females) were interviewed for any previous dracunculiasis lesion scars or active infections among household members. No active cases of dracunculiasis were observed in the present study. However, 11 individuals, had history of af...
Uzma Farid Durrani1,*,Sagar Mal Goyal2, Asim Khalid Mahmood1,Cathleen Hanlon3, Susan Moore3, Muhammad Waqas1 and Raheela Akhtar4
...0 puppies (< 3 months age), in rabies endemic Lahore city of Pakistan, to evaluate their maternal rabies virus neutralizing antibody titer (mRVNA). All puppies were whelped by dams regularly vaccinated with high quality inactivated rabies vaccines. Rapid Fluorescence Focus Inhibition Technique (RFFIT) revealed mRVNA titer (>0.5 IU/mL) in 29 puppies while 48 puppies showed mRVNA titer less than minimum protective level (0.2-0.4 IU/mL). RFFIT did not revea...

M. Abdus Salam1, M. Moynul Haque2, Md. Obaidul Islam3, M. Nasir Uddin4 and Md. Nazmul Haque3*

...f seeds of different storage containers on growth, yield and quality of cotton genotypes. The experiment was conducted between July, 2010 to February, 2011 at Cotton Research, Training and Seed Multiplication Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Significant variations related to genotypes and seed sources were observed for stand establishment, branch development, phenology, yield components, yield and fiber quality attributes of cotton. Yield and quality of cot...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...rs. They have had an average work experience of 16 years. Significant differences were observed among the competencies of AEOs with their participation in training programs and their higher educational qualification. The differences were considered as training needs and the AEOs need in-service training to enhance their ability in agricultural mechanization. A significantly high competency level was found in describing the agriculture machines and equipments a...

Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady 1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, A. Arafa1, M.K. Hassan1, M.M. Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2

Waqar Islam

...us diseases and their damage caused to economically important crops are reportedly increasing every day particularly in the countries embedding tropical and subtropical conditions. Integrated management approaches involving utilization of virus resistant crops and efficient management of insect vectors can reduce this disastrous problem. However, in developing countries such strategies are...
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2,*, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, Khalid Javed Iqbal4 and FarmanUllah5
... 1.41 mm. Similarly, average greatest length of skull was 23.35 ± 0.20 mm while the total length of baculum of a single specimen was recorded 4.13 mm. The mean body mass, head and body length and forearm length of the R. lepidus specimens captured from the study area was 3.93 ± 0.21 g, 38.49 ± 0.54 mm and 38.02 ± 0.63 mm, respectively. Average greatest length of skull of two specimens was 1...

Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

...arthenium weed. Five villages were selected and thirty locations were randomly selected from each village. The data revealed that the flora is predominated by parthenium weed with the highest relative density of 63.4% among all weeds, followed by Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cannabis sativa L. and Chenopodium album L. with relative density of 11.37, 10.86 and 7.31%, respectively. Moreover, at different locations, the parthen...
Tianzhu Chao, Huiqiang Cai, Yuxun Zhou, Kai Li* and Junhua Xiao
...previous internal sublineage differentiation of this subspecies. Of the three clades, only CAS1 was detected in all the samples from mainland China. M. m. musculus exhibited no broadly distributed clade, which might be explained by frequent human-assisted movements. Our study offers a newly detailed perspective on the subspecies distribution of M. musculus and its history of migration to eastern China.
...
Jun Gao1,2, Liang-Liang Yue3, Xianhuan Jiang1, Liju Ni4, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Yuxun Zhou,1 Kai Li1,* and Junhua Xiao1,*
...nto one monophyletic lineage. Three main clades are recovered within M. fortis: (1) North group; (2) South group; and (3) GX group. The North Group distributed on the north side of Qinling Mountains-Huaihe river line as well as the South Group was on the south. It suggests this geographic barrier played an important role in differentiation of M. fortis in China. Furthermore, the samples all from Southwest China in the GX group may be an example o...
Xiang Nong1,2,3,*, Yao-jun Yang1,2, Guang-you Yang3, Feng-zheng Chen2, Mei Tang1,2 and Gang Wang2
... was weaker than that of ageraphorone compound obtained from E. adenophorum Spreng. Through preliminary separation. However, in the experiments, we found an interesting phenomenon, that is, the dead state of mites treated with stigmasterol was similar to that of mites of the positive control group treated with fenvalerate. Furthermore, the dead state of mites treated with stigmasterol was different from that of mites of the negative control group. This ...
Maoying Zhu, Yuntao Ji, Xiaoyu Wang, Junying Pu and Changqing Qu*
...H and H in long-term storage has the potential to be helpful in commercial and clinical application of ADSCs.
...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabyasachi Pal2, Ghule Tushar Manohar2, Somnath Bhattacharyya3, Amit Singh4, Prahlad Sarkar5 and Samuel Lalliansanga6
...logy of different life stages, beta-esterase phenotype and amplification of rDNA and partial sequence homology of ITS-1and ITS-2. Host differential tests confirmed the race 2 of M. incognita infecting passion fruit. Pathogenic relationship with the passion fruit was proved through inoculation studies and inoculated plants also produced almost similar above-ground symptoms and profuse root galling. The pathogenic potential of M. incognita on passi...
Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud*
... 60:40 concentrate: roughage ratio.There was no effect of bakery by-products inclusion on nutrients digestibility and nutritive values except digestion coefficients of crude protein and digestible crude protein. Ruminal pH values and ammonia nitrogen concentrations did not show any significant differences among groups.No significant differences were observed in meat chemical analysis of slaughtered animals among different groups. Animals fed BBP recorded insig...
Yi-qiang Ouyang1, Zhen-xin Liang1, Shi-wen Huang2, Ying Zhang3, Shao-shi Luo1, Jin-ning Liang1, Jia-fu Li1, Yu He4 and Song-chao Guo1,*
...njection of the three AD agents. These results open the door to new small-animal studies of AD that complement and extend studies in rodents and primates.
...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Momen Khan2, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3, Shakoor Ahmad1, Ali Gohar4, Hameed Ullah5, FarmanUllah6, Arab Hussain7, Pershotam Khatri8, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Hamid Rehman1 and Azmatullah Khan1
...reeding bulls of similar age at the Semen Production Unit, Harichand, District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Collection of semen was done using artificial vagina (42°C) for three weeks. Semen was extended in egg yolk extender at various inclusion levels (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75 and 1.0%) of green tea extract. Testing was consummated for quality characteristics of post-thawed spermatozoa such as motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity. The data w...

Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah

... participation. A multistage sampling method was used to select a sample of 274 livestock farm households from 6 rural Union Councils, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from female respondents through face to face interviews. A composite index was constructed to measure the extent of women’s participation, and a linear regression model was used to determine factors affecting women’s involvement in livestock farming. Resul...

Zia Ur Rahman1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat Ur Rahman1, Fida Mohammad1, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Ijaz Ahmad Khan2

... Oryzae, the fundamental agent of bacterial leaf blight, most of the studied rice accessions and the two commercial rice cultivars displayed susceptible reactions. Seven rice accessions viz. UoA-2, UoA-5, UoA-11, UoA-48, UoA-53, UoA-102, and UoA-123 showed moderate levels of resistance while eleven rice accessions viz. UoA-4, UoA-6, UoA-22, UoA-41, UoA-60, UoA-67, UoA-68, UoA-84, UoA-126, UoA-129 and UoA-133 displayed strong resistance against the disease. The...
Abdus-Subhan1, Qudratullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2, Muhammad Jamil Khan1, Ammanullah2, Matiullah Khan3

Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2

...for pasture resources management with efficient and sustainable livestock production in Northern Pakistan.

...

Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Arshad Ali Khan3*, Saeed Ahmed2, Sudheer Tariq2, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Noman2 and Nadeem Khan1 

...h some extra care and management practices in orchard and proved to be the best planting distance for citrus under agro ecological conditions of Punjab province of Pakistan.

...
Said Rawan1, Farzana bibi1, Nadeem Khan1*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Zahir shah3, Asif Iqbal2, Madeeha Alamzeb2, Saeed Ul Haq1, Abid Kamal3, Fawad Ali Shah2, Ahmad Naeem1 and Wajid Ali3
...eties as affected by storage intervals at room temperature” was conducted at post harvest laboratory, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during the year 2015. The research work was conducted in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and two factors i.e. guava varieties (Safeda and Karela) and storage intervals (0, 3, 6, and 9 days). The data was recorded onfirmness (kg...

Usman Shakoor1*, Mudassar Rashid1, Abdul Saboor2, Nabila Khurshid1, Zuhair Husnain2 and Abdul Rehman2

...esult professed that average temperature will affect Maize crop negatively bringing about 6% reduction in maize production till the year 2030. Average minimum temperature brought about 9% increases in maize production till 2021. Increase in overall rainfall will also benefits Maize crop production. Maize production will increase by 2% by the year 2030 from the base year i.e. 1980. Water availability in the crop growth period...

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2, Waseem Akbar Qazi2, Noor Abid Saeed3

...ops i.e., bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) using cue-lure baited traps. The male lure baited traps were arrayed at three meter height and replenished on fortnightly basis in experimentation sites. Results revealed that significantly highest (124.86) population was recorded on L. acutangula and lowest (104.725) on L. siceraria at both experimental sites throughout the course of experiment....
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...EA, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a significant decrease activated Bax and caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, while increase in the number of Bcl-2 positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the biochemistry markers levels were found. Group 4, given EA before D-GaIN, showed better results when compared to Group 5, given EA after D-GaIN, in terms of histopathological and biochemical values. In conclusion, EA might play an important role in repairing D-GaI...

Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...tion using the bacteriophage 29 DNApolymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of geminiviruses and presumably all viruses with small single-stranded circular DNA genomes. The results show the efficiency of this technique in characterizing viral DNA components of several geminiviruses from experimental and natural host plant sources. Nucleotide sequence data offers identification of viral molecule to strain/species level for accurate diagnosis.

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M. B. Meah

Biopesticides for crop growth and crop protection
...ted trichoderma) and bio-agents (bracon,trichogramma, ladybird beetle) and sex pheromone are in the pipeline for commercial use.

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Honnur Basha, Vinaya Hemannavar, B.Ramanujam, R. Rangeshwaran and S.Sriram 

Screening of chilli microflora and other biocontrol agents for their antagonistic effects on Colletotrichum spp. infecting chillies
...collection of biocontrol agents were tested for their antagonistic effect on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. capsici by dual culture test. Among the isolates of chilli microflora tested, Aspergillus flavus showed 70.2% inhibition of C. gloeosporioides and 54.9% inhibition of C. capsici.Among the isolates of Trichoderma sp. tested, T.virens (Tvs-KSD isolate) and T. pseudokoningii (Tpk-1) showed highest percent inhibition of C. gloeosporioides (69.7%) and ...

Neerja Agrawal, Mukesh Srivastava, Akhilesh Tripathi and Amrendra Singh

Survey and monitoring of pests, parasites and predators of pulse crops in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh
...period of study. The bio-agents recorded belonged to Order Dictyoptera, Neuroptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera.

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K.N. Ahmed, S.H.A. Pramanik, M. Khatun A. Nargis M. R. Hasan

Efficacy of plant extracts in the suppression of insect pests and their effect on the yield of sunflower crop under different climatic conditions
...everely attacked the foliages and florets in the capitulum (inflorescence). Other pests encountered were Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae),Homoeosoma sp. (Lepidoptera: Phyticidae),Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Monolepta signata(Oliv.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Epilachna septima Dieke. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . The efficacy of five kinds of plant extracts or botanicals viz., Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil, ca...

A. K.Bhattacherjee and B. K. Pandey

Dissipation of carbendazim in mango after pre- and post-harvest treatments
...red after 10 days of storage from 0.05 and 0.1 percent doses, respectively. The corresponding values in fruit pulp after same days of storage were 0.51 and 1.05 mg kg . The residual half-life values of carbendazim in whole fruit were calculated as 4 and 3 days at both the concentrations from pre harvest spray and post harvest dip treatment, respectively. Pre and post harvest interval of 3 and 7 days were suggested from 0.05 ...

Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3

Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
...d 70 DAP(T ).Yield of damaged tuber caused by soil pests was found maximum in control plot and it was recorded lowest in T treatment which received soil application of phorate 10G at 40 DAPand foliar spray with imadichloprid and chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin at 55 and 70 DAP, respectively. But soil application of phorate at planting followed by spraying of chlorpyriphos, azadirachtin and Bt (T) was not as effective as T.

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S. K. Mukhopadhyay and M. V. Santha Kumar

Studies on the biosafety of botanical insecticides to native natural enemies of mulberry ecosystem
... coccinellid bio-control agents (Micraspis crocea, Micraspis discolor, Brumus suturalis and Scymnus bourdilloni ). All botanicals tested showed least mortality and was on par with unsprayed control. Dimethoate (0.1%) was highly toxic causing 100% mortality. Whereas, dichlorvos (0.1%) was least toxic in comparison to dimethoate. Botanical insecticides tested in different conc./combinations are compatible with natural enemies and may be incorporated in IPM in mu...

B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran

Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
... attention as biocontrol agent due to the fact that it is effective against a large number of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi, suppressive effects on some root nematodes without adversely affecting beneficial microbes like Rhizobium and capable of promoting growth of certain crops. There are two major methods of inoculum production of Trichoderma spp. viz., solid state fermentation and liquid state fermentation. In solid fermentation, the fungus is grown on ...

1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin

Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
...ober of 2006 to 2008 Average lengths and standard deviation (mean±SD) of the eggs were (0.66 ± 0.09), width (0.04 ± 0.07) mm and egg shape ratio is 0.53. Eggs were mostly of broad type. Distinct quiescent period was also observed. Morphological changes completed within 1st to 5th stages. In the 1st stage, total length ranged from 0.8-1.5 mm. Terminal form of workers an...

1Bikash Ranjan Ray and 2Mrinal Kanti Dasgupta

Management of root holoparasite Aeginetia pedunculata of (Orobanchaceae), causing wilt of sugarcane by trap and catch crops
...n-specific integrated management schedule of the parasite, crops, other than sugarcane, grown in the target area were evaluated for their potential as trap and catch crops of the parasite. Twelve crops, selected on the basis of germination induction test of A. pedunculata seeds on root exudates as compared to that of three germination inducing chemicals (viz.; NaOCl, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) and GR24-a strigol analogue) and growth of the para...

A. K. Chaubey and Satyandra Kumar

Bio-management of root knot nematode and root rot disease by antagonistic fungi and rhizobacteria
...inoculated with second stage juveniles of M. incognita @ 2J2/g soil. The exposure of M. incognita eggs and juveniles to the culture filtrates showed high inhibition in egg hatching and caused high mortality of juveniles than the control (P< 0.05). The microorganisms which caused high nematicidal activity also showed antifungal activity in dual plate culture test in vitro. All the antagonists showed reduction in root knot and root rot disease and promote pla...

K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan

Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...od of all four nymphal stages lasted for 32.6 ± 4.17 days at an average room temperature of 28 ± 2ºC and 70-75% RH during September, 2009. Male mealybug has a short life span of 3.0 ± 0.21 days. Females live for nearly 80.7 ± 10.43 days with an oviposition period of approximately 21 days. This mealybug is capable of active movement throughout its adult life. The stripped mealy bug, Ferrisia v...

Bijan Kumar Das

Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...r pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of West Bengal. The seasonal incidence of A. rugosa in boroja was recorded during 2003-2004. A. rugosa adults were active in the boroja throughout the year with two peaks, one in pre-monsoon and another in post-monsoon i.e., period prior initiation of winter season. During the faunastic survey in betelvine, a new species of Aleurocanthus (description...

S. Subharani, S. S. Thorat, N. Abem, L. Amit Kumar and T. K. Singh 

A database on parasitoid of insect pests of crops in Manipur, India
...r and its biology etc. Image of the parasitoid species are also provided for helping in easy identification of the species. Keywords: Database, insect-pest, parasitoids, Manipur
 

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S. K. Dutta, S. Roy Chowdhuri, D. Pandit and A. K. Bajpai

Rot diseases of muga host, Som (Persea bombycina) in Assam, India
...fection. Correlating the age of Som plants with susceptibility rot infection was found to be maximum in 10 years old plantation. Keywords: Rot disease, Som, Muga, Heart rot, Canker rot, Phellinus contigus, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Assam
 

 

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Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...egrated plant disease management framework for sustainable crop production. A considerable number of biocontrol agents have been established successfully for their bioconrol potential including strains belonging to bacterial genera such as Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Bacillus, and fungal genera such as Gliocladium, Trichoderma, Ampelomyces, Candida and Coniothyrium. Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens ar...

Basudeb Dasgupta, Partha Dutta and Srikanta Das

Biological control of foot rot of betelvine (Piper betle L.) caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dastur
...ality by applying two bioagents, viz., P. fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum. P. fluorescens inoculated in 500 kg oil cake ha-1 was applied once at pre-monsoon, twice during pre- and post- monsoon and four times at quarterly intervals. T. harzianum inoculated in 500 kg oil cake ha-1was applied at quarterly intervals. Bordeaux mixture (BM) was used to compare the treatments in preventing the intensity of foot rot. The results revealed that minimum foot rot d...

Debjani Chowdhury, P. C. Paul and B. Dasgupta

Management of leaf spot of Centella asiatica (Thankuni) caused by Alternaria sp. and target leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola
...25%) and four biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride at 107 cfu / ml, T. harzianum at 107 cfu / ml, Pseudomonas fluorescens at 108 cell / ml and Biomonas-a formulated product of P. fluorescens preparation at 0.15% for three times at an interval of 15 days. The results revealed that the lowest percent disease incidence (PDI) of leaf spot of Thankuni caused by Alternaria sp. and highest yield in number of leaves per sq.M was recorded where carbendazim was sprayed...

Amitava Konar, Palash Mondal and N. Johnson Singh

Occurrence of potato pests in different dates of planting in Gangetic plains of West Bengal, India
...althy tubers. The rat damage was not so influenced by different dates of planting. But, the total tuber yield was obtained maximum in second date (4th week of November) which was closely followed by 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th dates of sowing.

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K.N. Ahmed , M.A. Al-Helal, N-E-P. Khanom, S. Bulbul

Control strategies of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink infesting vegetable crops in Bangladesh
...ble and inedible. The damage appeared to be in the range between 70 and 95 per cent. Generally young plants die due to heavy infestation and colony formation of the mealybug. P. marginatus is a polyphagous pest attacking several agricultural, horticultural crops, ornamental plants and weeds of economic value. The papaya mealybug feeds on the sap of the plants by inserting its stylets into the epidermis of the leaf as well as into the fruit and stem. In doing s...

M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed

Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...-friendly insect pest management practices emphasize the host plant resistance, preparation and application methods of new botanicals and microbial pesticide formulations, evaluation of field bio-efficacy and conservation of biological agents, cultural control measures, genetic techniques and sex pheromones technology. In tea husbandry, cultural control measures such as plucking, pruning, shade regulation, field sanitation, ...

Nilesh Suresh Gole and Bijan Kumar Das

Biology of Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a serious pest of Indian ipecac, Tylophora indica
...easonality, extent of damage and biologoy of D. sagitta on T. indica. The larvae were active almost throughout the year, fed voraciously on leaves and flowers causing extensive damage to T. indica during June and December. Eggs were laid singly or in batch of 2-3 on younger leaves (mostly on under surface) or on young shoot tips. Life cycle was completed in 41-46 days during January- February and 26-32 days during June-July....

SK Fashi Alam, Atanu Seni and Ajoy K Sahoo

Biology of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) on sprouted potato and brinjal plant
...to respectively. The average oviposition period was 5.89±0.89 days and 7.5±0.52 days on brinjal plant and sprouted potato tubers. Fecundity rate was 205¬278 eggs/female.


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A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy

Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...ing effective biocontrol agent [Acerophagus papayae (Noyes and Schauff)] through ICAR-NBAII (National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects)-TNAU was emphasized as the existing biocontrol agents could not give relief. Later, when the exotic parasitoid was imported by NBAII, Bangalore, the papain industry wholeheartedly supported the training programmes by deploying its field staff in release and multiplication of the pa...

S.K. Sahoo

Incidence and management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis ery-simi Kaltenbach) in West Bengal
...s incidence and their management during the winter seasons of 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, West Bengal (India). The natural appearances of the aphid on the yellow sarson variety, Binoy (B-9) was observed from 52nd standard week, with the peak population on 6th standard week and the aphid disappeared after 10th standard week. Among the different chemical insecticides evaluated for their bio-efficacy again...

Goutam Samui and Shantanu Jha

Branch gall of mango (Oligotrophus mangiferae Keiffer) its bioecology and management
...pulation dynamics and management of this pest. Branch gall is a univoltine species. Emergence of adults from gall could be found from 2nd week of February, which continued up to 2nd week of March. Incubation, larval and pupal period lasted for 3-5 days, 315 days and 30-45 days, respectively. Eggs were laid singly throughout the young vegetative shoots by puncturing the tissue. A full grown larva was yellow in colour with a clear dark brown constriction on head...

Md Riton Choudhury, Koushik Brahmachari, Sudeshna Kar and Rupayan Deb

Integration of weed management practices in rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence
...ect of different weed management measures (e.g. hand weeding, herbicides, mulching etc.) on the yield of crops in sequence and cost effectiveness of different weed control measures. Rice exhibited the maximum yield when treated with two hand weedings, but it may be profitably replaced by the application of herbicides. From the point of eco-safety measures and economy, combination of hand weeding and mulching can be judiciously recommended in potato and groundn...

M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul 

Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh
...re papaya fruits and foliages from BCSIR Vegetable Garden during March, 2011. It is a small polyphagous insect pest sucking saps from the attacking fruits and leaves. P. marginatus passes through egg and three nymphal stages to become adult. Generally, three and four nymphal instars occur in case of female and male mealybug, respectively. The adults are most active in warm, dry and humid weather. The male adult mealybugs pos...

Goutam Mondal

Plant growth promoting activity of some indigenous Tricho-derma isolates and their field performance against sheath blight of rice in old alluvial zone of North Bengal
...e filtrate of biocontrol agents and found both positive and negative effect on seed germination, plant growth and vigour. Maximum increase in germination by 13.64% (chilli), shoot length by 59.69% (tomato), root length by 84.51% (cauliflower) and biomass by 46.55% (cauliflower) were obtained by the isolate B16 followed by B14 and B13. However, the isolate, B18 showed negative result with maximum reduction in germination by 25.56% (cauliflower), shoot length by...

M.A. Pendse, P.P. Karwande and M.N. Limaye

Past, present and future of nematophagous fungi as bio-agent to control plant parasitic nematodes
... their potential as a bioagents to control nematodes. Their inconsistent success in control of nematodes in field trials, however, is enigmatic. This paper takes a review of the researches done by various workers on the diversity, morphology ecology, physiology of nutrition, trap formation and mechanism of nematode capture as well as probable causes of death. The review traces the shift in the areas of research as well as ups and downs in the interest shown by...

A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde

Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
... at the various growth stages of the cowpea plant in the two seasons. Therefore the advent of increased fauna on cowpea established in this study portrayed a need to find possible ways to reduce the emission of Greenhouse gases in the region in order to ameliorate the effects of induced global warming on cowpea production in the country and also provide effective control of the identified pest in order to maintain or stall resurgence. 

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A. Sajeena and T. Marimuthu

Efficacy, stability and persistence of Ganosol, a Ganoderma based fungicide against plant pathogens
...p to three months of storage. Surprisingly, spraying cowpea plants with the formulation as simultaneous spray reduced the number of lesions produced by Groundnut Bud Necrosis virus in cowpea by 88.39% when compared to the inoculated control, suggesting the antiviral potential of the formulation. 

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S. Patra, V.W. Dhote, SK F. Alam, B.C. Das, M.L. Chatterjee and A. Samanta

Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage under new alluvial zone of West Bengal
...r natural enemies on cabbage were studied at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Kalyani, West Bengal(India) during rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Cabbage (cv Rareball) seedlings were transplanted in the plot of 9 m2 area with 45cm x 45cm spacing. Observation was recorded at weekly interval from randomly selected five plants /plot. Peak...

D.K. Hazra, Megha Pant, S.K. Raza and P. K. Patanjali

 

Formulation technology: key parameters for food safety with respect to agrochemicals use in crop protection
...L to ME), increased coverage of applied surface area (EC to ME/Nano-formulations), reduced wastage (Dust/WP to Con-trolled Release Formulations) and dose rates of same pesticides applied to improve food quality with minimum pesticide residues. 

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Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal

Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
...t the cost effec-tive management schedule to minimize the crop loss. Seven treatments were taken up for study including two chemicals i.e. profenophos and diafenthiuron, three ecofriendly approaches i.e. garlic extract, spirit and alternate use of garlic with spirit, one predator insect Chrysoperla carnea and untreated control. The lowest population of thrips, mites and white fly was recorded with application of diafenthiuron at 15 days interval from seedling ...

Dinesh Kachhawa and Sahidur Rahman

Factors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam
...). Whereas the mo-tile stage of red spider mite, O. coffeae and eggs had a negative and significant correlation with average relative humidity (r = -0.357 and r = -0.282 for mites and eggs, respectively). 

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Shams Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif and Abdul Mateen 

 

Soil-borne viruses in major potato growing areas of Pakistan
...akand divisions. The average symptoms based incidence in Hazara divi-sion for PMTV was 8.83% and TRV was 6.80% while in Malakand division the average symptoms based inci-dence for PMTV was 8.46% and TRV was 9.95%. DAS-ELISA based average incidence in Hazara of PMTV and TRV was 17.34% and 11.99% respectively. The average DAS-ELISA based incidence in Malak...

A. K. Ganguly and Uma Rao

Decades of researches in biochemical and molecular nematology at IARI
...parasitic to parasitic stage in ear cockle nematode and molya disease of wheat. Currently attempts are being made to utilize RNAi technology to identify the genes targets for the management of root knot and cyst nematodes. In this paper some of the success stories of the technology developed by the scientists at IARI are discussed.
 

 

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Goutam Samui and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...ergence of nymphs. To manage the shoot gall psylla, mechanical control (Pruning) and insecticidal control measure were taken up in the district of Murshidabad. In mechanical control, both pruning of 15 cm and 30 cm of affected shoots resulted in the formation of lower number of gall/shoot as compared to control. But pruning at 30c m had been found to be most effective in managing the psyllid gall. In insecticidal control, lowest number of galls were recorded p...

Amitava Konar and N. Johnson Singh

Occurrence of aphids on various potato germplasms in eastern gangetic plains of West Bengal
... species declined due to age of the crop and increasing effect of temperature. It is also concluded that K. Chandramukhi was susceptible to aphid, and K. Jyoti and K. Jawahar were tolerant to aphids while K. Chipsona-1, K. Chipsona-2 and Atlantic germplasms of potato were quite resistant. Therefore, it may be inferred that Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chopsona-2 and Atlantic needed only one or two insecticide application at 15 days interval during late January to p...

Someshwar Bhagat and Sitansu Pan

Comparative ecological behaviour of some pre- and post-tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
...oiur of these biocontrol agents. All the isolates showed better parasitic ability and rhizosphere colonization when the competition of other organisms withdrawn compared to natural and sun dried soil. Both competitive parasitic behaviour and rhizosphere colonization was low in post-Tsunami isolates of Trichoderma. The chlamydospore inoculum was found best in percentage colonization of sclerotia of boh R. solani and S. rolfsi...

Dhananjoy Mandal

Eco-friendly management of mealybug and wilt in pineapple
...for eco-friendly pest management of mealy bug, Dysmicoccus brevipes Cockerell in pineapple, the treatments were: T1 [Farmers’ practice: phorate 10 G @ 20 kgha-1 during planting + monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.03% at 100 DAP + endosulfan 35% EC @ 0.02% during 150-180 DAP]; T2 [Treating planting materials (basal portion) with monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.02% + phorate 10 G @ 15 kg ha-1at 100 DAP + Neem oil 1500 ppm spray @ 2.5 m/L-1 at 150 DAP]; T3 [Treating planti...

Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta

Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...ulture and controlled management of a single major soil borne pathogen or pest across vast cultivated area but not for the peasant farming or the pest complex ridden unaided agriculture as in India. PA is not about an abstract of characterization. The specific values indicating variations in population at exact grids and helping the individual farmer in decision-making in pest management at varied pesticide doses depending o...

Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal 

Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...ffect of some disease management practices in potato, an investigation was conducted in slightly acidic (pH 5.62) loamy sand soil with medium fertility status in a Randomised Block Design with three replicates and seven treatment modules, as described in Materials & Methods. Investigation revealed that T1 (TPS whole tuber planting) and T4 (supervised management - cowdung @ 40 ha-1 at land preparation + seed piece tuber t...

T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta 

Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...le decision rules for management early in the season as soon as the disease appears in one case, and when some intensity has been achieved in all other cases. Where validated this approach may be a useful tool in plant protection, especially supervisory management and appropriate IPM.
 

 

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K. K. Hegde and B. S. Nandihalli 

Bioefficacy of some indigenous products in the management of okra fruit borers
...recorded higher fruit damage of 55.70 and 52.10 per cent, respectively. GCKE was significantly superior in reducing the fruit borer damage to the tune of 64.83 per cent with higher fruit yield of 35.87 q.ha-1. The highest incremental benefit: cost ratio was noticed in endosulfan treatment (15.00) followed by treatment involving NSKE alternated with cow urine 10% (13.00), repeated sprays of GCKE (10) and NSKE alternated with ...

B. S. Nandihalli

Utilization of botanicals in the management of the coconut perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer
... of botanicals in the management of the coconut perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad, Karnataka during 2003-04 with nine treatments. The results of the present study indicated that among different botanicals, NSKE 5 percent was found significantly superior in reducing the mite population with higher healthy nuts (81 nuts 4 bunches), least percent of damaged nut...

Shekharappa

Biological control of earhead caterpillar, Helicoverpea armigera Hubner in sorghum
... @ 30 kg.ha-1 for the management of ear head caterpillar (H. armigera) in sorghum ecosystem of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The mycoinsecticide N. rileyi was highly infective at both the dosages 1x108 conidia per litre & 2x108 conidia per litre against H. armigera as compared to Ha NPV 250 LE per hectare and chemical control in mitigating the pest population as well as in obtaining the higher yield.

V. S. Desai, S. D. Desai, A. J. Mayekar and V.G. More 

Infestation of coconut eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer in Konkan region of Maharashtra
...was reported to cause damage in coconut plantations in Konkan region of Maharashtra from January 2002. Three orchards from this area were surveyed to record infestation level of this pest in April and October of 2004 and March 2005. The survey indicated that the infestation was higher in Thane district followed by Sindhudurg district.
 

 

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N. Mandi and A. K. Senapati 

Integration of chemical botanical and microbial insecticides for control of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood infesting chilli
...d to be effective for management of thrips and it gave highest marketable yield, higher cost benefit ratio and percent reduction in thrips’ population.
 

 

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V. N. Jalgaonkar, M. S. Gawankar, V. W. Bendale and P. D. Patil

Efficacy of some insecticides against cashew tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Sign
...ative insecticide for management of Tea Mosquito Bug relative to the recommended spray schedule. The results indicated that out of six treatments selected, the treatment of 0.003% lambda-cyhalothrin was observed significantly superior over all other treatments followed by 0.01% triazophos that was also significantly superior over rest of the treatments.
 

 

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S. Pal and I. Sarkar

Pests infesting ornamental plants in hilly region of West Bengal
...nt inflicting serious damage to Carnation, Gerbera, Gladiolus, Chrysanthemum and Straw flower. The green semilooper, Plusia orichalcea caused damage to Gerbera and Gladiolus by feeding on the leaves. The tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) was serious on Gladiolus and Anthurium. Cutworm (Agrotis segetum) damaged the seedlings of Gladiolus. Among the Coleopteran pests, the Blister beetl...
Bao-Ming Ge* Dai-Zhen Zhang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Sen-Hao Jiang, Jun Cui, Chun-Lin Zhou and Bo-Ping Tang
...ify;">The effect of dike age on distribution of pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare Latreille, 1804) in the forests was studied at a reclaimed coast in Yancheng, China. The aggregated distribution of A. vulgare population was found by Taylor’s power law and Iowa’s patchiness regression methods in each season (P< 0.001). The abundances were markedly affected by habitat type (F5,120 = 49.409, P < 0.001) and season (F3,...
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
...n 2nd week of age through eye drops. Group B specific antibody negative (SAN) chicks were challenged with same dose at 2nd week of age. While the group C and D was unchallenged control containing commercial and SAN chicks. The Blood samples were collected from group A, B, C and D on 3rd, 5th and 7th day of post infection for biochemical analysis. The Albumin and total pr...
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
...ucose level and renal damage. We detected increased symptoms of arthritis and gastrointestinal tract involvement in gluten containing diet group compared with standard diet disease control group. ANA autoantibodies, C3c and renal damage between gluten and standard diet group was non-significant. The remission of SLE manifestations was observed in prednisone treated group except renal damage
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...of natural antimicrobial agents to control prevalence of food borne pathogens in final packaged food products as well as for food preservation/ biocontrol, this study was designed to isolate lactoferrin from milk of camel. Cation exchange resin (CM-Sephadex C-25) was used for the isolation of lactoferrin using the fast protein liquid chromatography. The lactoferrin was further characterized through sodium dodecyl sulphate-po...
Song Li1,* and Zuojian Feng2
... with a comparison of pelage characteristics. Results indicated that the allopatric samples from Xizang were obviously different from all those previously defined in Yunnan. Therefore, we describe them as new subspecies P. a. muzongensis subsp. nov. Discussion on the relationships between the differentiation of P. albiventer and its environmental evolution in southwestern China are also provided.
...
Hai-Ji Zhang1, Di Zhang2, Dong-Min Hou1 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...s to cope with food shortage, mainly by decreasing body mass, thermogenesis and serum leptin levels.
...
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed 
...re at different growth stages such as 1st node (crop 1), at stem elongation (crop 2) and at end of tiller (crop 3). Maximum aphid infestation was recorded in all crops in the 3rd week of February when crops were at booting stage (crop 1), at flag leaf stage (crop 2) and at 2nd node stage (crop 3). Decline of aphid populat...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
...ve the poor quality roughages, exogenous fibrolytic enzyme may play important role by enhancing digestibility of fibre. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying level of fibrolytic enzyme in concentrate ration on dry matter (DM) intake, milk production and composition, and diet digestibility in Nili Ravi buffaloes. Four lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes of 3rd and 4th parity and milk production of 8±2.3 kg/day were...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...y coasts between the average low tide and a maximum depth of 5 m. In the current study, it was monitored monthly 217 individuals from Bandar Lengeh (26˚32ʹ28̋ N, 54˚52ʹ28̋ E; water depth: 0.5 to 1 m) during March to September, 2014. Their genders were obtained by dissection. The aim of this study was to determine the sexual ratio in their population and to see if they effect the operational sex ratio (OSR). The number of males and...
P.P. Ghosh*, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...lts indicated all the management approaches under study performed significantly superior to farmers’ practice in terms of reduction in disease severity (32.8-43.6%), yield increase (20.9% - 26.8%) and benefit-cost ratio. Integrated approach was the best approach followed by prophylactic and curative soil disinfestations. Thus, for the present micro-level situation vascular bacterial wilt malady can be addressed by prophylactic application of lime at 500 ...
1Sitesh Chatterjee, 1Chirasree Gangopadhyay and 2Santosh Kumar Roy
...f nursery that can be managed better way as compared to transplanted field. In the present study, chlorantraniliprole granule was applied both in seedbed and transplanted field along with spraying of some new generation insecticides like indoxacarb, flubendiamide, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole to test their efficacy against different rice insect-pests. The study found that whorl maggot can be managed properly in seedbed a...
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
... 15 – 30% grain damage during storage. An attempt was made to identify a practical and low cost solution of such damage with the active participation of village women responsible for the storage. Proven biological, chemical and botanical (vegetable oil) approaches of management...
Obaidullah1, Zafar Ali Shah1* and Sami Ullah2
...nm, respectively using ImageJ software. Lapachol, copper and silver salts along with their synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial study against Staphylococcus. aureas, Escherichia. coli and Bacillus. subtilis. The results obtained for their comparative evaluation revealed that silver-Lapachol and copper-Lapachol nanoparticles have greater antibacterial efficacy against all three aforementioned strains of bacteria at 5 µg/ml, 40 ...

Gadeeyya G and Ratna Kumar P.K.

...ame promising biocontrol agents. A total of 7 weed plants include Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus rotundus, Crotalaria verrucosa, Digera muricata, Sida cordifolia, Ipomoea pestigridis and Trianthema portulacastrum were selected for in vitro studies. Fungal isolates namely Ascochyta cypericola, Bipolaris sp., Chaetomium globosum, Colletotrichum capsici, Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia lunata, Curvularia tuberculata, Fusarium...
Fariha Imtiaz1, Muhammad Islam1, Hamid Saeed2,*, Bushra Saleem1, Maryam Asghar1 and Zikria Saleem2
...from our study set the stage of further studies to identify the constituents in ethanol extracts, responsible for hair growth promoting effects.
...

Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2

...1 log2 until 28th day of age, the Geometric mean titers (GMT) for H5 were increased from the 7th day of age using both antigens (RE-5 antigen) and (S75/Egy/2015 antigen). Generally, GMT post-challenge was increased as the chicks overcome the infections. In conclusion, our results indicate that vaccination at 5th day old with baculovirus H5+ND inactivated vaccine can interfere with MDA of H5 vaccine and has negative impact on...
Süleyman Kök*
...s (79 cattle) in the villages. According to the estimated average heterozygosity values for ex-situ breeding program and smallholders in the villages, the difference between the cattle were found meaningful (P<0.05). The observed average heterozygosity (Ho) value was calculated as 0.4077±0.1922, while the expected heter...
Mehmet Avci1, Recep Aydin1,* and Jale Metin Kiyici2
...d ration of chopped roughage (5-7 cm) and concentrate calf starter feed and the calves in control group were supplied with natural roughage and concentrate feed separately. The calves were supplied with milk at about 8% of their birth weights and weaned at 49th day. Mixed chopped and separate natural supply of roughage and concentrate feed did not created any significant differe...
Erol Akkuzu1,*, Hidayet Güzel2 and Özkan Evcin1
...amics and severity of damage in a forest. This study investigated the effects of stand composition and site index of pine forests on Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) populations. Two main objectives of this study were a) to compare the effects of two different black pine stands of site index-I (high site productivity) and site index-III (low site productivity) and b) to compare the pure and mixed pine forests concerning the abundance and body length of I. s...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...ng children of different age groups with highest disease prevalence in children of less than 5 years of age (21.40%) and lowest in children of 11-15 years of age (15.99%). Cryptosporidium was significantly higher (P<0.05) in study subjects having livestock animal contact and persistent diarrhea, highlighting its zoonotic potential from livestock animals to human beings in the stu...
Rafi Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1,*, Abdul Hafeez1, Asad Sultan1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2, Naila Chand1 and Naseer Ahmad1 
... FCR and dressing percentage were similar among the all groups (P > 0.05). Albumin was higher in D1 group in comparison with other groups (P < 0.05), however, other blood parameters and carcass characteristics indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05). Cost per kg of feed gradually decline with increasing dietary level of SCM inclusion levels (P < 0.05), indicating higher economic benefit. However, the gross return per bird and profit per kg ...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Moez Ayadi1 and Shabana Naz2
... inorganic matter percentage in colostrum was found in treated group compared to the control. The body weight of lambs in treated group at 30 and 60 days was significantly (P<0.05) higher when compared with the control. In conclusion, trace mineral boluses supplementation to pregnant ewes at late gestation improved minerals status of the ewes and their newborns at parturition and consequently enhanced body weight.
...
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
...on. In domestic animals, age at attainment of puberty is an event that contributes significantly to lifetime reproductive efficiency. Anhui white goat is a native Chinese breed, with the characters of early time puberty onset and high fecundity. However, the molecular mechanism of puberty onset has not been well understood. It has been demonstrated leptin act as a critical metabolic cue linking adipose and the onset of puberty. In the present study, we first a...
Muzammil Sattar
...lete all developmental stages in shortest period of time. Insects reared on different concentrations of proteins. Insects rear on different diets compared on the basis of egg to adult survival, female (%) and pupal weight (g) with low and high protein concentrations.
...
Ahmad Ali1,*, Sheikh Muhammad Azam2, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Mujahid Kaleem3
...re collected from zoo management. In two years study Tiger breed once and produce four cubs (female) while in nine years it breed three times; first three cubs (one male and two female), two and one cubs were produced in 2003, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Six days estrous cycle and 107 days gestation period was observed in tigress. Mortality of one cub of 32 days in August, 2013 and second cub in Jannaury, 2014 of 173 days was observed due to congenital abnorm...
Nasar Khan1,2, Fahad Ali3,7, Sulaiman Bahadar5,*, Khalil ur Rahman3, Abdul Aziz3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Daud6, Azam Hayat5 and Mujaddad ur Rehman5
... is the main etiological agent of chronic hepatitis B, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. A total of 659 HBsAg ELISA positive patients out of 16825 patients during July to October, 2013 were screened for HBV by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Out of 659, 522 (79.21%) were found positive for HBV, of which 318 (over all 4.4%) were male, while 341 (over all 3.55%) were female. The HBV PCR positivity rate was 80.18% (n=255) in males and 78.30% (n=2...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2,*, Tanveer Hussain2, Rashid Saif2, Sadaf Rashid3, Hanan Sarfraz4, Abbas Ali Shah3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...e demographic values for age, employment and marital status did not differ significantly among case and control groups. Exonic regions of BDNF gene were sequenced. In-silico analysis was performed to detect the possible disease causing effect of genetic variants with OCD. Sequencing of BDNF gene showed one change G>A at position c.196 (rs6265) resulting in a nonsynonymous change from valine to methionine. We found only one homozygous and heter...

Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3

...elected employing multistage sampling technique. An interview schedule was used for data collection during November-January, 2016. Maximum likelihood technique was used for the estimation of the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production model. After running various econometrics software the output of the Frontier 4.1 was found good fit. The findings of the study showed that technical efficiency ranges from 0.83 to 0.99 with the mean technical efficiency of 0...

Naveed Muhammad, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim and Salman Khan

Muhammad Mansoor1, Amanullah1, Zafar Islam2*,Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Umair4, Mehmood Ayaz5, Asghar Ali Khan6, Muhammad Asif2 and Ya Sakina3
...(NUYT)- 2007 with an average yield of 1092 kg ha-1 at 12 locations across country, with highest grain yield of 3620 kg ha-1 at Agricultual Research Station ARS, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa. Again in NUYT-2008, Inqalab Mung outclassed among 13 candidate lines across 13 locations. It gave the highest grain yield of 1560 kg ha-1 at NIAB, Faisalabad. Provincial Seed Council (PSC), Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa, approve...

Furukh Faiz1,2, Muhammad Issa Khan2, Masood Sadiq2 and Haq Nawaz3

... the citrus waste percentage in the feed of the broiler was increased, its feed intake and the body weight decreased but the citrus waste has non-significant effect on the feed conversion ratio of the broiler birds. The results also showed that citrus waste in the feed have positive effect on the antioxidant status of the broiler birds. The activity of the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the broiler blood was increased as the citru...
Oaj Khurshid1*, Naureen Aurangzeb1, Ayaz Khan1, Alia Naz1, Abdullah khan1, Sobia Nisa2 and Sehrish Sajawal3
...y wise as solid waste management option for the recycling and reuse of the organic remains.
...

Shah Saud Ahmad and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*

...SC had developed the linkages of the respondents with agriculture research and water management department in the study area. Top learned skills from this approach were fertilizer application, improved agricultural technology and sowing methods. It is suggested that there is a need that FSC has to establish the linkages of the farmers with the entire line department associated with the far...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
... be considered in the management plans for the peach fruit fly.
...
Aneela Qureshi1, Ammara Ainee1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masooma Munir1,2*, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saqib Jabbar2
...ed during 30 days of storage. Results showed that with varying fiber content water activity, texture, color, moisture, fat, protein, ash, NFE and fiber content changed significantly (p<0.05). Gross energy level in cake which is desirable by consumers was reduced but high fiber cake was dark colored, low in volume and with increased hardness. Treatment (T3) containing 5.6g grapefruit albedo powder shows significantly (p<0.05) higher sensory sco...
Huseyin Sasi1* and Gulcin G. Ozay2
...res Basin) including the age, growth, length-weight relationship and reproduction. The study was conducted in upper Akcay River between June 2012 and May 2013. Monthly data showed that native fish chub were aboundantly with other native fish (Acanthobrama mirabilis) in upper Akcay River. The age distribution for both females and males of S. cephalus populationwas betweenI-VII, and the second
Farah Ashfaq* and Tasnim Farasat
...ric parameters including age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), diastolic and systolic blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose, serum resistin and insulin of three hundred over weight, obese males and females, 17 to 30 years and 100 comparable control subjects were included. Serum resistin and insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were found significantly high in overweight and obese groups as compar...
Sogolo L. Lebelo1,* and Gerhard van der Horst2
...lipid inclusions and collagen fibers are also found in the cytoplasm of these cells. These cells are found associated with the spermatogonia type B, pachytene spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The results from this study show that there are basic similarities in the Leydig cells of the vervet compared to other mammals, humans and nonhuman primates, however, there also seem to be species differences among the mammalian group. The association of these cells with ...
Noor Islam1, Muhammad Amjad2, Ehsan ul Haq3, Elizabeth Stephen1 and Falak Naz4
...i> is causing greater damage to Apis mellifera colonies and major economic losses (a serious threat) to beekeeping industry in Pakistan. Seven treatments including five essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), oregano (Origanium vulgare), lemon (Citrus lemon) and thyme (Thymus linearus), formic acid at three different concentrations of 25%, 50% and 100% and control were used against...
Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
...practice for citrus. Average age, education and experience of the citrus growers were estimated 43.92 years, 9.74 schooling years and 17.72 years respectively. The awareness and adoption of recommended citrus practices was generally good. The results of the logit model for adoption of recommended irrigation practices however postulate positive and significant impact of citrus producing experience and family income on adoptio...

Dilshad Ahmad*, Muhammad Irfan Chani and Asad Afzal Humayon

...ve Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Sixty-seven years annual time series data from 1947-48 to 2013-14 was obtained to forecast major crops and per capita food availability for 21years from 2014-15 to 2034-2035. Findings of the study pointed out increasing trends; major crops area, production, and yield except the sugarcane crop as mentioned decreasing trend in sugarcane yield. Decreasing of sugarcane yield in forecasted period is reported to lack of po...
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
... factors influencing average honey yield (AHY) per beehive in the year 2014. For this purpose, predictive performances of several data mining algorithms (CART, CHAID, Exhaustive CHAID and MARS) and artificial neural network algorithm (Multilayer Perceptron, MLP) were evaluated comparatively. Several factors thought as independent variables in the survey were age of beekeeper (AB), education level (EL), number of full beehive...

Aftab Wajid1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman3*, M. Aown Sammar Raza2, Usman Bashir2, Muhammad Naveed Arshad1, Sana Ullah4, Muhammad Irfan5 and Umair Gull1
 

...s per plant (31.00), average weight per boll (3.48 g) and ultimately lead to higher seed cotton yield (2.42 t ha-1) as compared to other N rates (50, 100, 150 kg ha-1). Significant differences were also observed in cultivars, CIM-496 produced higher seed cotton yield than other under arid climate of Multan in Cotton-Wheat Cropping system. Empirical model was developed on the basis of field observations to compute the seed cotton yield beyond the application of...
Vladimir Avdalovic1, Marijana Vucinic2, Radmila Resanovic3, Jelena Avdalovic4, Danka Maslic-Strizak5 and Milos Vucicevic3*
...roups of broilers percentage of severe FPD was high. Severe lesions were significantly (p<0.01) more frequent (80%) in broilers reared on chopped wheat straw than on pelleted straw (56%). Although the high moisture content was measured in both litter substrates and the high frequency of severe FPD was estimated in both groups of broilers, pelleted straw showed lower moisture content, occurrence and severity of FPD (2.56±0.19) comparing to chopped whe...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...s in skills regarding management of supervision and administration that is considered necessary in order to deal with farmers where a wide range of variations exists in their personalities and habits. A significant difference was reported in required and possessed competencies of preparing training schedules regarding crops followed by timely appointment and issuance of duties to junior staff for effective and efficient work. Results of the study reported that...
Adnan Yousaf1,Jia Wu1, Qaiser Shakeel2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Irfan Ullah4, Uzma Tahira5,Mustansar Mubeen1 and Wubei Dong1,*
... and their integrated management by using derosol, cadusafos and Trichoderma harzianum in the green house at 25 ± 4ºC. Primarily, 15 chilies cultivars viz., 28-2010, C-72, Sanam, C-73, Gola Peshawari, 27-2010, Tata Puri, C-302, C-33, C-19, 5-2010, C-68, 11-2010, 18-2010 and 15-2010 were evaluated against M. incognita and S. rolfsii. Two week old chilies plants were inoculated with M. incognita, S. rolfsii s...

Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, Abdel Satar Arafa1, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan1, Mona Mehrez Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2

Muhammad Ibrahim and Ahmad Khan*

...chniques and nitrogen management in crop stand and phenological occurrence is not well understood. Therefore field studies were conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan to quantify the effects of mulching techniques and nitrogen management on maize (Zea mays L) phenology and crop stand in 2013 and 2014. Treatments included mulching techniques (i.e. no-mulch, residue, transparent an...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Tasneem Hameed1, Muhammad Afzal2, Arshad Javid3, Nosheen Aslam4, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah6, Majid Hussain5, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1
...e groups of 15 fish (Average weight 5.05±0.013 g fish-1) were fed at the rate of 5% of live wet weigh and feces were collected twice daily. The results of present study showed improved growth performance of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings in response to phytase supplementation. Maximum growth performance was observed by the fish group fed on test diet-III having 1000 FTU kg-1 level. Similarly, nutrient digestibility was also s...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
...present project was envisaged by using rice husk as a substrate for processing with the objective to produce a nutritionally enriched bulk feed ingredient and to explore its potential as wheat bran replacer in total mixed rations for the ruminants. For this purpose rice husk was subjected to different processing techniques using acid, alkali, water treatment and fermentation to prepare processed moiety on pilot scale. All these processed materials were include...

Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4

...s belonged to the G- lineage. Amino acid analysis of NA stalk regions of these isolates illustrated no insertion, deletion and substitutions compared to A/DK/HK/Y280/97 lineage and human isolates (A/HK/1073/99 and A/HK/1074/99). Several amino acid substitutions at various regions of the NA protein were determined with unknown functions and consequences. These findings warrant future studies for analysis of whole genome seque...

Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3

... rice production. On average technical efficiency of sample rice farmers is 86 percent, which indicates that rice farmers in selected areas can increase the production of rice 14 percent only by managing efficiency level, without increasing input quantities. Hence, it is possible for rice farmers to increase rice output without increasing the level of inputs by using efficient management practices. 

...
Rais Ahmed1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Sarwar Khan2
... were collected from villages (n=256, 5 samples/village) of the nine districts. Brucella genus specific DNA (bcsp31) was detected using Real Time PCR and prevalence was 2.11%. Out of five species, only two species B. abortus and B. melitensis were detected through conventioneal multiplex PCR. Prevalence of soil borne species specific DNA of B. abortus and B. melitensis was 1.8% and 0...

Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3

...osive stomatitis, hemorrhages in lung, liver, abomasum, small and large intestine. PPRV NP was detected in sheep (n=20) and goats (n=18), anti-PPRV NP was also detected among sheep and goats (n=162) by ELISA, 3ABC-FMD enzyme immunoassay were positive (n=6) when ovine sera were tested. The study revealed that PPR-FMD viruses were circulating in the region and warrants proper control measures. 
...

Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*

...the three tehsils of the agency (i.e; Khar, Salarzai, and Nawagai). The data were collected from the sampled bee keepers using a pretested questionnaire by face to face interview in 2014 production period. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, descriptive statistics, rank orders and paired t-test. Findings revealed that bee keeping is one of the important economic activities in the area with an ave...
Netti Aryani1, Azrita2, Ainul Mardiah3 and Hafrijal Syandri2*
...12% moisture as a percentage of fish body weight, with three replicates per treatment. Fish were fed three times per day at 09:00, 14:00, and 18:00. The experiment was carried out for 120 days. Each month, 30 fish were removed from each of the floating net cages to be measured and weighed. The biomass of fish was calculated, and the amount of feed was adjusted. The feeding rate significantly (p< 0.05) influenced the final...
Talha Nazir1,2,*, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Waheed ul Hassan2, Abdul Hanan2 and Muhammad Jalal Arif
... sucking pests’ management strategies on transgenic crops such as Bt cotton.
...
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
...d for survival in macrophages and mice than the parent strain 2308. With decrease in the spleen/body weight ratios of mice infected with omp10 mutants were noted, inhibition of phagosome-Lysosome fusion was dramaticly impaired, and profound increase of apoptosis rate after exposure of RAW264.7 to omp10 mutants at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h compared to RAW264.7 exposed to 2308. Results indicate that Δomp10 mutant would affect its survival an...

Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3

 

...ccupied less than 1% acreage. Remaining wheat cultivars including Atta Habib, Auqab-2002, Bhakkar-2002, Bathoor-2008, Fakhar-e-Sarhad, Hashim-2008, Inqilab-91, Pirsabak-2004, Pirsabak-2005, Sehar-2006 and Serin-2010 occupied 94% of the acreage in the three zones. Sehar-2006 was the dominant wheat cultivar occupied 54% of the total wheat area which is already susceptible and carries an undesirable Yr9 gene. Cultivars with eff...
Muhammad Arslan Khan1,*, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Imran-ul-haq1 and Rashad Waseem Khan2
...maximum frequency percentage (72.3%). Results confirmed the presence of fungi and nematodes interacting each other to enhance the disease. Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) and Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) (alone and in combination) were used as bio-control agents against isolated pathogens at three different concentration viz., R, R/2 and R/4. Combination of bio agents (T+P) ga...

Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah

...rvesting, packaging, storage and processing. There are various middlemen (market intermediaries) involved at different stages in the marketing of citrus. This study is an attempt to examine the marketing margins of the intermediaries involve in the value chain of sweet oranges of citrus group. Three villages in Bunir district are randomly selected and a total of 120 sampled respondents are...
Kulsoom Akhter1, Tahseen Ghous1,2,Saiqa Andleeb3,*, Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim4, Samina Ejaz5, Zain-ul-Abdin1, Bilal Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammed Naeem Ahmed1
... from rhizosphere of Tagetes minuta, growing in soil adjoining automobile workshops to investigate their bioaccumulation capacity for three selected metals Cr(VI), Ni(II) and Cd(II). The plant was selected due to its natural abundance in the climate of Kashmir and also in the area of study. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were identified as B. cereus BDBC01, B. cereus AVP12 and B. cereu...
Ibrahim A. Alhidary1,*, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Moez A. Ayadi1,3 and Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2
...y growing Naemi lambs at age of three months with an average bodyweight of 27.77 ±1.09 kg were randomly distributed to five different treatments, ten lambs each, as follow: 1. Alfalfa hay and barley grain (ABG); 2. Pelleted alfalfa hay and barley (PAB); 3. TMR1 (25.67% NDF); 4. TMR2 (30.88% NDF); and 5. TMR3 (55.93% NDF). Lambs were housed in an individual pen for 90 days. Lambs were weighed every two weeks and feed i...

Kamran A. Awan1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal3

...grain yield (GY). On averages of varieties, a decrease in biological- and grain yield was estimated 261 and 89 kg ha-1, reapectively, per day in wheat in season for Peshawar when sowing was postponed from December 5. Early planting delayed days to anthesis and maturity, which otherwise extended grain development phase of the crop. Among varieties, Ghanemat-2015 showed better grain yield for a relatively longer duration i.e. December 5-15 over the others variet...
Naila Chand1,*, Shabana Naz2, Hamza Maris1, Rifat Ullhah Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1
...improved dressing percentage. The treatment groups had significantly (P<0.05) lower heterophil number and significantly (P<0.05) higher lymphocytes number than the control group. The heterophil/lymphocytes ratio and antibody titer was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the treated groups. Based on these results, it is concluded that supplementation of diets with betaine improved broiler feed intake, weight gain, FCR and increased immunity were under heat...
Muhammad Abdullah1,*, Rashid A. khan2, Muhammad Rafay3, Tanveer Hussain3, Tahira Ruby4,Fariha Rehman5, Sangam Khalil3 and Sohail Akhtar6
...ical insect pest control agent in our agricultural ecosystem. To analyze this activity present work was planned to collect the preliminary information about habitat requirements and different breeding aspects of Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). The fieldwork was performed for two years (2012, 2013) at three different stations in the surrounding area of Faisalabad. Based on results it was concluded that Cattle egrets are colonial breeders and colonies were ...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...length and weight in average, T1=15.01±0.33cm and 15.80±0.01g, T3=14.13±0.76cm and 13.35±0.67g whereas in T2=11.80 ± 0.96cm and 10.47±1.19g lower growth were found. Specific growth rate (SGR) were obtained 1.160, 0.960 and 1.110 in T1, T2 and T3 individually differing statistically from all treatment groups. Similar situation was found in values of the c...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Azeem Khan2 and Shahid Zia3
...1 (dry fibre). Average yield of dry sisal fibre was 3.2% of green leaf weight and average fibre length was 1348.9 mm per leaf. Average power required to decorticate sisal leaves was 3.1 kW. Operating cost of sisal decorticator together with a combing machine was Rs. 507.9 h-1. The break-even point or payback period of this technology was 233 h. Sisal fibre needs to be wash...
Muhammad Tariq Saeed1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema2, Muhammad Shahid1, Abdul-Shakoor1, Abdul-Sattar3
... with control. On an average, days to maturity (96.42), plant height (25.84 cm), plant population at harvest (25.22), 1000-seed weight (94.97 g), seed yield (1.71 t ha-1) and biological yield (4.37 t ha-1) of both soybean varieties was significantly improved by hydration inoculation and hydro priming techniques. It was concluded that hydration inoculation and hydro priming were best techniques for better stand establishment of soybean and...
Omar S.O. Amer1,3,*, Mohamed I. Waly2,4 andSaeed A. Al-Zahrani1
...les as well as different age groups per month / year is provided. Intestinal parasitic infection is still a public health problem in Riyadh region, KSA. It is necessary to update the epidemiologic survey of the parasitic infection at regular intervals using different statistical methods to develop effective prevention and control strategies.
...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz 

...ioned that the extension agent was the source of awareness about FSC. About 43% of the respondents were invited by FSC for general body meeting whereas only 26% participated in the process of election. Maximum respondents were provided farm machinery by FSC i.e. cultivator (51%), rotavator (56%), mold bold plough (56%), disk plough (48%), single furrow (47%), drill (61%) and ridge maker (53%). Market was the source of seed for majority of the respondents regar...
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
...mass depends upon the management practices, climate and response of different species.
...
Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
... of biointensive pest management modules against major insect-pests of cowpea in comparison to conventional pesticide based pest management modules. The pesticide based management modules proved better as compared to the biopesticide based modules in managing the attack of sucking pests and pod borer of cowpea. The pesticide based IPM-II module resulted in the highest per cent reduction of...
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,
... the conservation and management of sables (Martes zibellina), we developed six microsatellite markers using a method of fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) from them in this study. The primers designed by Primer Premier 5.0 based on conservative regions were tested on 22 individuals. Our results demonstrated that the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five and the mean number of alleles was 3.67. The observed and...
Zuhao Huang*, Meifang Li, Rujue Ruan and Jiawei Qin
... stellaris). The average genetic distances among the species varied from 5.39% (between Egretta sacra and Egretta garzetta) to 41.15% (between Egretta sacra and Botaurus stellaris). Five conserved sequence boxes (F to B) in the domain II of Ardeidae sequences were localized. Maximum likelihood method was used to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees based on HKY+ G model. The phylogenetic tree grouped members of every genus were gr...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar1,2,*, Akhtar Ali2, Asif Nadeem1, Abdul Wajid1, Sajjad Ali Shah3, Sadaf Rashid4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...lection the factors like age/period, employment status and marital status were considered after informed consent. We found one single base change G>C at c.745 resulting in a nonsynonymous change p.E249Q in theCOMT gene. In-silico analysis predicted it to be damaging and disease causing. Screening of case and control group data showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with p-value 0.879 and 0.32, respectively. There was no significant diffe...
Muhammad Fiaz1, Khadija Munawar2, Muhammad Mushtaq2,*, Mukhtar Ahmad3, Mushtaq Ahmad Chaudhry3, Muhammad Aslam3, Tanveer Ahmad1 and Nasrullah4
... neonatal lambs (n = 24, age = 01 week) were selected and divided equally into three groups having 08 lambs each. The experimental lambs were fed ewe milk, calf milk replacer-1 (Telilac) and calf milk replacer-2 (Creamo) through nipple feeding for optimum performance in lambs after mandatory colostrum feeding. Results depicted that average daily gain (ADG) and the body measurements were not different (P>0.05) among lambs ...
Shabana1,*, Farah Ehsan1 and Shahida Hasnain1,2
...nd LDLC had no effect on age, height, triglycerides, HDLC and leptin. In conclusion, Gly482Ser variant appears to be significantly associated with diabetes in Pakistani population. The variant appeared to exert its effect by changing serum fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol and LDLC levels.
...

Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid 

...h fruit trees at berry stage were sprayed with three sources of calcium (calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium sulphate) at three calcium concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) stored for 30 days at 10 days interval. The experimental results showed that calcium sources, concentration and storage duration significantly affected all the studied attributes. More fruit firmness (5.57 and 5.69 kg cm2), less Total soluble sol...
Umair Talib1*, Ijaz Ashraf1, Khalid Mahmood Chaudhary1, Riaz Ahmad2
...sfied with extension package of either sector. Therefore, the new strategy proposes changes in working order of both sectors in order to enhance the extension work in the Punjab.
...
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...Bt cultivars. Average thrips population per leaf on various Bt and non-Bt varieties showed that the CIM-557 along with BT-703 had the highest number of thrips density while Bt variety FH-113 had the lowest thrips population per leaf. Similarly, in relation to thermal effect, high thrips population was recorded at 29-35oC but population declined at 40°Ċ. Findings are helpful for appropriate man
Furqan Sabir1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Bushra Muneer2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Sehrish Firyal1
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...djusting for gestational age and gravidity. ROC curve analysis was conducted to assess the suitability cobalamin as a predictive biomarker for GDM. Median cobalamin were significantly reduced in cases (108.95±92 pg/mL) as compared to controls (173±90 pg/mL) at p<0.001. Low vitamin B12 levels (β = -0.29, p=0.004) significantly predicted high fasting blood sugar levels in pregnancy even after adjusting for gestational ...
Fang Wang, Yong-Fang Jia, Po Wang, Qi-Yan Du and Zhong-Jie Chang*

 

..., LET can be used as a reagent to control the sex differentiation of carp, but also can be used to disturb gonad differentiation, and then to reveal the molecular mechanism.

...
Asad Abdullah1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Waqar Hassan2,    Samina Khalid3, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Arshad1 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6
...extract (NSE) for the management of Bemesia tabaci Gennadius, (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Amrasca biguttula Ishida, (Homopter: Cicadellidae) infesting Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars. Foliar application of neem seed, Azadirachta indica extract was applied upon reaching economic threshold levels of B. tabaci and A. biguttula. The insect pest population was recorded 24 hours before and 24h, 72h and 168h after spra...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Arshad1, Mubasshir Sohail1,2 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa3,4
... mites. With the passage of time, mite mortality percentage increases. Overall, eucalyptus oil at 5ml dose rate gave best result and can be recommended to manage the varroa mite in apiculture.
...

Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2* 

...wo or three investigated agents. The relative high frequency of occurrence of the studied viruses both in single or concomitant infection emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of poultry flocks to better understand its epidemiology and understanding the impact of one virus on the pathobiology of second virus 

...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
...sing type, tick control, age and sex of animal presented significant (P <0.05) association with tick infestation and burden while type of breed showed significant association with tick infestation but was non-significant with tick burden. Topography presented inverse behavior to that of breed with tick burden and tick infestation. On the other hand, geo-location was only factor exhibiting non-significant ly associated (P>0.05) association with both depen...
Masooma Munir1,2*, Aqsa Qayyum1, Saeeda Raza1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Sahar Shible1, Sohaib Afzal3, Saiqa Bashir4
...ere used to prepare beverage at three supplementation levels i.e. 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%. Sensory evaluation of basil seed drink revealed that 0.3% basil seeds supplemented drink was liked most in term of taste, texture and over all acceptability whereas 0.4% basil seeds supplemented drink were least liked as compared to other treatments. It was concluded that basil seed could be supplemented in different food products for the preparation of value added, healthy an...
Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
...ternates like biocontrol agents, plant extracts etc. In the present study the extract of Citrullus colocynthis in different solvents were evaluated on second instar larvae of H. armigera under laboratory studies for toxicity, sublethal and antifeedant effect. The result showed that ethanol based extract was the most effective to control the H. armigera followed by the ethyl acetate. The sublethal concentration of ethanol based extra...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...aid in 12 nests, the average clutch size being 2.75±0.75 (range 2-4); 3) twenty-five eggs were hatched, with the average hatching success 78.48%; 4) twenty-three fledglings flew; the average fledging rate: 75.00%; 5) the average breeding success rate was 70.14%. The results will help guide the recovery and expansion of the Chinese crested ibis pop...

Zahid Mehmood*, Alam Zeb and Muhammad Ayub 

...ium benzoate) on the storage stability of muskmelon jam. The treatments included MJ1 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + no preservatives), MJ2 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.1% sodium benzoate), MJ3 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.1% potassium sorbate), MJ4 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.01% potassium metabislulphite), MJ5 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.05% sodium benzoate + 0.05% potassium sorbate), MJ6 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.05% sodium benzoate + 0.01% potassium metabisulphite), MJ7 (Muskmelo...

Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali 

... by 2oC from current average level could reduce wheat growers’ net-return by 37 percent. Increase in rainfall by 20 percent from current level could increase net-return by 6 percent. In the Central and Southern climatic zones of KP, where average monthly temperature in wheat season is above 25oC, wheat growers’ net return per acre could be hugely affected by temperature increase due to climate change. This change...

Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali

... as embryo physiological age, co-cultivation period, addition of L-cysteine in co-cultivation medium, heat shock to immature embryos prior to infection, resting stage and Agrobacterium strains that deliver T-DNA into plant cell from which whole plant can be regenerated. The results indicated that optimal embryo physiological age is 15 and 18 days after pollination and transient transformat...

Ghani Akbar1, Steven Raine2, Allen David McHugh3, Greg Hamilton4 and Qurban Hussain5 

...suboptimal irrigation management on small raised beds farms in the Indus Basin is considered to reduce irrigation efficiency and exacerbates waterlogging and salinity. Addressing this issue, farmer managed irrigations on commonly used Narrow Bed (NB) with furrow spacings 66 cm and newly introduced Wide Bed (WB) with furrow spacing 130 cm on sandy clay loam, were investigated using the irrigation modelling software, WinSRFR,...
Asmatullah Kaka2, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff 1, Nurhusien Yimer1,  A.M Khumran1, Akeel Ahmed Memon2, Kazhal Sarsaifi1 andMahdi Ebrahimi3
...up>oC and then packaged in 0.25ml straws and stored into liquid nitrogen for 24 hours. Successively, thawing and evaluation was performed for sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, morphology, malondialdehyde (MDA), fatty acid composition and super oxide dismutase (SOD). Sperm characteristics such as sperm motility, viability, morphology, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity were decreased in treated groups. DHA concentration was increased ...
Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Atif Prince3, Naimat Ullah Khan1 and Mumtaz Ali Khan1
...e at 75 days prepartum stage with and without VES: respectively. At day 0 of experimental trial VES was given to animals in group C, E and G. All groups were given oil based HS vaccine at day 15 and alum based FMD trivalent vaccine at day 30 of experimental trial except Group A. Blood samples from adult cattle were collected at day 0, 15 and 30 after parturition and in cattle calves at age of 0, 14, 28 and 42. Colostrum samp...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1 
...ing year 2014. Eight villages were selected randomly. Among all the farmers, 120 farmers were evaluated through valid, reliable and pre-tested interview schedule. Data collected was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences ver. 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study has revealed that field assistants (FA) provide new information (75 respondents). It was observed that FAs were availabl...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Shakoor*, Muhammad Safeer, Imran Khan, Ayesha Farooq, Iftkhar Ali and Usman Nazir
...at 9th leaf stage; B (F) = foliar application of 0.5% B at 9th leaf stage; Zn (S) +B (S) = soil application of Zn @ 12 kg ha-1 + B @ of 3 kg ha-1 and Zn (F) +B (F) = foliar application of1% Zn + 0.5%B at 9 leaf stage. Foliar application of Zn and B produced more plant height, cob length, girth, stem girth, shelling percent

Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3* 

... different development stages of pre-clinical and clinical trials. In this study, we explored the anti-angiogenic properties of three anti-VEGF molecules such as two fusion proteins, VEGF TrapR1R2 and VEGFR1(D1-D3)-Fc, and one DNA aptamer, RNV66, in an in vivo model of human A549 lung cancer. VEGF TrapR1R2 is a commercial anti-angiogenic fusion protein. Our earlier studies demonstrated the anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activities of VEGFR1(D1-D3)-Fc a...
Naheed Bano* and Muhammad Afzal
...specially at juveniles stage. This study focus on the healthy production with low cost by using sunflower meal to some extent replace fish meal. In this 3× 3 factorial and completely randomized design study 324 fish were used. The acidification levels were (0, 1.5 and 3%) whereas the phytase levels were (0, 500 and 1000 FTU). The addition of 3 % citric acid and 1000FTU phytase produced significant interaction effect on calcium and phosphorus digestibilit...

Trinh Thi Viet Ha1, Pham Duy Liem2 and Li Shuang1* 

...of the comparative advantages of Chinese and Vietnamese rice products showed that the comparative advantage of China’s rice exports is greater in Vietnamese rice markets. Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index and Relative Trade Advantage Index (RTA) were used to understand the relative competitive advantages...
Nosheen Rafiq1, Asmatullah Kakar2,*, Arshad Ghani3, Asim Iqbal2, Wali Mohammad Achakzai2, Shagufta Sadozai2, Mohammad Shafiq4 and Mohammad Alam Mengal5 
...stern by-pass, Spiny village, and Sariab region) of District Quetta from March, 2013 to March, 2014.   Around 1649 ticks were captured from six main body parts of 404 cattle. Of these 346 (65.96%) were observed to be plagued by one or more tick infestation. Compositions of tick species captured from the host were Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (33.39%), followed by Dermacenter andersoni (31.76%), Hyalomma aegyptium (26.16%), and Bo...

Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon 

...at wise variation in average population size, species richness, evenness and diversity index were also calculated. The highest and lowest degrees of population size, richness and evenness and diversity were recorded in agriculture crops and fodder crops, respectively. 

...

Shahab e Saqib1*, Himayatullah Khan2, Sanaullah Panezai3, Ubaid Ali4 and Mazhar Ali5 

...dan sub-district. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study area. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from farming households’ heads. Credit fungibility ratio and ANOVA were used to explore the credit fungibility and credit margin of investment among the groups of farmers. Results showed that a considerable proportion of loan was used in non-agricultural activities by all farmers in general and small farmers in particul...
Liana Mihaela Fericean1* and Mihaela Corneanu2
... who can cause direct damage to the plants by extracting the sap, and indirectly it is a vector to 16 plant viruses. The study presents data referring to the external morphological characteristics, to the biometrical measurements and to the life cycle of Aphis nasturtii. The researches have been carried out for a period of four years on the potato and for a period of two years on the orchards from Romania. At the Aphis nasturtii species the small...
Rehana Shahida1, Tasnim Farasat1, Shagufta Naz1,* and Shahjahan2
...etic subjects (n-35) and age matched healthy control (n=35), and to identify the relationship of inflammatory cytokines with insulin resistance and the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of atherosclerosis and hyperglycemia within the context of chosen pro atherogenic parameters including plasma glucose level, serum levels of insulin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Serum level of thrombomodulin was assessed as a measure of vascular dam
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir* 
...and sodium. At 28 day of age percent thigh meat yield, breast meat yield and abdominal fat yield were significantly better in broilers fed experimental rations as compared to those fed control ration however non-significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in dressing percentage. But at 42 day age dressing percentage, percent thigh meat yield...

Sikandar Hayat, Khalid Usman* and Muhammad Tahir Amin 

...lign: justify;">Zero tillage is a cost effective and resource conserving technique, however, drill clogging and immobilization of nitrogen are problems in the standing stubbles of the previous crop. Row adjustment and an appropriate N fertilizer application method may be a possible solution. Field trials were carried out to explore suitable row spacing and N fertilizer application method for zero tillage wheat at Agronomic R...
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
... day of the pupa stage, and highest expression levels in the molting stage. What’s more, BmARM-like protein could be detected by immunofluorescence in all analyzed tissues, including head, midgut, hemolymph, fat body, testis and ovary. More importantly, the relatively high expression level of BmARM-like mRNA were observed in BC9 (near-isogenic line) following BmNPV infection as compared to P50 (susceptible...
Prof. Dr. Saira Afzal
... review, both have advantages and disadvantages. Open peer review is performed for scientific quality after publication. It is also known as transparent peer review and public peer review. 
...
Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar1, Maryam Umer1, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Muhammad Imran Din3
...to cause considerable damage to wood work in buildings. Efficacy of extracts of Foeniculum vulgare and Ocimum basilicum was studied against this termite. Chemical composition of plant extracts by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed five different compounds in F. vulgare: Piperidine, 3-isopropyl, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,3,3-trimethyl, Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy, Estragole, 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and 9-Octadeceno...
Müge Aliye Hekimoğlu*, Cüneyt Süzer,Şahin Saka andKürşat Firat
...ere determined at five stages of melanistic and not melanistic clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) and different sexes of Swordfish (Xiphophorus helleri). Clownfish were tested with 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ml/l phenoxyethanol and 0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml/l clove oil. Swordfish were tested with 1, 3 and 5 ml/l phenoxyethanol and 2, 4, 6 ml/l clove oil. For short-term application the safe dose for clownfish was 0.4 ml/l phenoxyethanol and 1 ml/l clove oil. For swor...
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat 
...ies at stem elongation stage and increased gradually with the growth of plants. Three aphid species were recorded i.e., Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Schizaphis graminum (R.) and Sitobion avenae (F.). Mean seasonal aphid population (no. of aphids/tiller) on wheat plants during the whole season was the highest in NW-1-8183-8 and NW-3-3341-7 and the lowest in Faisalabad-08. However, grain yield was the highest in Galaxy-13 and the lowest w...

Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq 

...purposively selected villages namely; Nasir Kaly, Shankar and Kodeenaka. From the field surveys, it was found that majority of the respondents were smallholders or tenants. After procuring and properly utilizing credit, the yield of the major crops such as wheat, maize, and sugarcane and the resultant income of the respondents exhibited significant increase, as confirmed by higher t-values. The study concludes that the socio-economic conditions of the farmers ...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz
...ing technique for oat forage production under salt affected conditions. Two sowing methods i.e. broad cast and drill sowing with 30 cm apart rows and four nitrogen levels (75,100,125 and 150 % of N recommended dose i.e. 150kg ha-) were tested. Recommended dose of PK fertilizer (85-60 PK kg ha-1) was used uniformly with experimental N rates. Data on plant height (132.00 cm), number of plants (91.33 m-2), number of tillers (146.0...
Carolina A. Bonin1,2, Eric A. Lewallen2,3, Andre J. van Wijnen3, Marta Jussara Cremer4 and Paulo C. Simões-Lopes5*
...data that will inform management efforts, we characterized the habitat and recorded the behaviour of a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) population within one of the most well-preserved estuaries off southern Brazil. Monthly surveys were conducted for one year (August 1999 - July 2000) within an area of approximately 100 km2, within the Paranaguá Bay Estuary. We employed the group follow protocol, which resulted in 260 h of direct ob...
Zhenyu Chang1, Hui Zhang1, Khalid Mehmood1,2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman1, Xiaodan Yuan1, Zhaoyang Li1, Fazul Nabi1, Xiaoxing Wu1, Xinxin Tian1, Xueting Liu1, Jingen Xu3 and Donghai Zhou1,*
...ates LPS-induced cell damage, and TFF3 mRNA expression is influenced by LPS and rhTFF3 in intestinal mucous epithelial cells in piglets.
...
Boran Karataş, Muhammed Arabaci and Şükrü Önalan*
...on stocking ratio percentages as G, K, G75K25, G66K34 and G50K50 and the study lasted 80 days. When the growth parameters in polycultures of rainbow trout and brown trout are considered, it was determined that the growth rates were not statistically different between rainbow trout monoculture and rainbow trout G75K25 and G50K50 groups, however rainbow trout in G66K34 experienced statistically significantly less growth when compared to others (p<0.05)...
Minmin Chen1, Xiaoke Zhang1, Kexiong Wang2, Zhigang Liu1, An Wan3, Daoping Yu1,*, Hong Ji3 and Fangzhen Peng1
...vation day, with the average being 60%. The average maximum number of individuals observed per day was 4 (range, 1–8). Porpoises was not observed in September 2013 and from April 2014 to September 2014. Spatial distribution dynamics analyses showed that from the six different hydrological zones of the confluence, the porpoise was more likely to prefer the flow deflection and flow stagnation zones of the confluence. The...
Ehab Bo Trabi1,2, Xianjun Yuan1, Junfeng Li1, Zhihao Dong1, Assar Ali Shah2 and Tao Shao1,2,*
...f (Morus Alba) silage was treated with glucose and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) additives. The groups were as follow: silage without additive as a control (c); glucose 1% fresh matter basis (G1); glucose 2% (G2); glucose 3% (G3); Lactobacillus Plantarum (LAB1); Pediococuss acidilactici (LAB2); Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LAB3). All the silos were incubated at 25°C. Then, 90 days later, the fermenta...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Madeeha Khalid1, Rehman Shehzad1, Sana Mughal1 and A.R. Shakoori2 
Zahid Latif1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Tufail Hussain Tahir7, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Ghazanfar Ali5, Ansar Ahmed Abbasi6, Abdul Rauf1, Hao Hu8 and Angela M. Kaindl2,3,4
...eed union or cousin marriages. In this study, a large consanguineous family with 11 affected individuals was recruited from Azad Jammu and Kashmir which was analyzed through linkage mapping and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This family showed a homozygous c.2536G>A mutation in CRB1 gene as an underlying pathogenic variant for non-syndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa.
...
Mumtaz Akhtar1, Shabana Naz2,*, Muhamamad Iqbal3, Waqar Azeem4 and Mirza Azhar Beg5
...ere segregated into five age classes, i.e. I (immature), II (sub-adults), III (adults), IV (middle aged), V (old), on the basis of tooth wear, mandibular length, and condition of reproductive organs. In the winter samples, most of the animals belonged to the middle body weight classes, while in the spring sample majority of specimens belonged to the heaviest weight classes. The comparison of a...
Karim El-Sabrout* and Mohamed H. Khalil
... dead embryos and percentage) and hatch chick performance (weight, vitality). The experiment was carried out in two groups with total number of 1800 eggs (900 eggs for each group). Eggs were incubated 12 h of light (natural) then 12 h of complete darkness (G1); and 12 h of light (natural) then 12 h of LED lighting (G2). From the obtained results, there were no significant effects of complement LED lighting” after effect on hatchability percent and dead e...

Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5 

...and of food, feed and forage are needed. Intercropping is an eco-friendly option for sustaining and increasing the productivity of farmlands. Therefore, a field study relating to sunflower-mungbean intercropping intensities under irrigated conditions was conducted at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the spring season, 2014 in RCB design with triplicate run. The treatments included viz. Four sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbea...
Sher Khan Panhwar1,2,3, Zhou Yong Dong1,4,*, Gao Tianxiang1,3, Wang Ping5, Han Zhiqiang1, Wang Zhongming1,4 and Wang Yang1,4
...on, allowing resource managers to determine management priorities for this economically and ecologically important species in the ECS.
...
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
...ased with its increasing age in different growth stages. Ages and tissues are the main factors that influence the gene expression significantly.
...

Shaista Naz* and Noor Paio Khan 

...ptive statistics, percentages and rank orders. The results revealed that livestock was the second major source of household income with 19 percent share. Among the livestock types, cattle were the major one followed by goats and sheep. Livestock was found significant at household level in two aspects of income provision and of lowering household and farm budget. Livestock income was derived from the sale of milk, milk products (such as yogurt, butter and butte...

Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1*, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Waheed Anwar1, Zoraiz Tanveer1 and Muhammad Fahad Irfan2 

... weight (g), lint percentage (%), fiber strength (g/tex), fiber length (mm) and fiber fineness (µg/inch). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences at 1% level of significance for all traits except fiber fineness. The mean performance of F1 populations were better than parents. Maximum GCV was recorded for number of monopodial branches followed by number of sympodial branches and seed cotton yield. High broad sense heritability estimates were...
Semra Benzer1,* and Recep Benzer2
...E), mean absolute percentage error performance criteria (MAPE) were used for comparison of artificial neural network and linear regression models goodness of fit. The results of the current study show that ANNs can be a superior estimation tool compared to LWR equation. Thus, as an outcome of the present study, ANNs can be considered as a finer method especially in the growth estimation of the species in biological systems. Another outcome of this study is tha...

Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi 

... and Charsadda. Four villages were selected two each from the sampled districts. Analysis showed that the coefficients of household size, educational level of the sampled respondent, age of the sample small farmer, were positively related to the off-farm employment. While farm area operated was negatively but significantly related to off-farm employment. Similarly the small farm households of developed vill
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...aid in 12 nests, the average clutch size being 2.75±0.75 (range 2-4); 3) twenty-five eggs were hatched, with the average hatching success 78.48%; 4) twenty-three fledglings flew; the average fledging rate: 75.00%; 5) the average breeding success rate was 70.14%. The results will help guide the recovery and expansion of the Chinese crested ibis pop...
Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
... through statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) 21. The results of each group showed pre-treatment pain intensity for group 1 was 7.04+1.338 that changed to 3.52+0.714 and for group 2 it was changed from 7.52+0.872 to 5.16+0.850 and 7.16+0.943 to 5.12+0.781 for group 3. The NDI score for group 1, 2 and 3 were 31.56+5.560, 25.040+7.086 and 25.560+5.477 that were changed to 13.120+2.759, 16.360+2.899 and 12.600+2.020 respectively. The one way ANOVA test c...

Riaz Alam* and Muhammad Sajid 

...ltivars through Air-Layerage was determined at Olive Model Farm, Sangbhatti Mardan-Pakistan during the year 2014. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors factorial arrangement. Air layerings were practiced on July 1, 16, 31; August 15, 30 and September 14 in plants of olive cultivars Frontoio, Manzanilla, Ottobratica, Pendolino and Picual. Significant variations were recorded among olive cultivars regarding as...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...s study. The studied bio agents were tested by spraying on R. simulans nymphs and adults. B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae, B. brevis and B. sphaericus GC subgroup D were the most effective on nymphs, whereas B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii, P. chlororaphi, and B. brevis were the most effective on adults. Under controlled conditions, mortality rate varied between 19.58%-42.08% in nymph applications...
Falah Baiee1,3, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff1, Ariff Omar,2 Nurhusien Yimer1, Salman Hammadi1, Tarig Ahmedeltayeb1, Asmatullah Kaka4
...method involving three stages of graduated electrical stimulation (Method II) in four crossbred bulls. The results showed that intensive muscle spasm, bull struggling and arc back were reduced (p ˂ 0.05), as well as the time of penile protrusion (p = 0.003) and semen emission (p = 0.084) were improved using Method II than Method I. However, the total time taken for semen collection was the same in both methods. Also, there were no significant differences ...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...ve approaches for the management of this pest. As the information regarding resistant cultivars is lacking, therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify resistant sources from among the available commercial okra cultivars. Okra cultivars showed significant variations from comparative susceptibility to comparative resistance. On the basis of fruit and shoot infestation caused by H. armigera,Manchali, RK-516, OH-152 and Tarnab Nargis were...
Ibrar Muhammad Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1,*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Tahir Usman2, Adnan Khan1, Zakir Ullah1 and Hamid Rehman1
... mature bulls having average age 3 ± 0.14 years, were selected in three different groups i.e., Sahiwal, Holstein-Friesian and crossbred (Sahiwal x Holstein-Friesian) to compare the semen quality. Semen samples were individually diluted with egg yolk extender and tested for individual motility, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal and DNA integrity, seminal pH and dead sperm percent
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
... were recorded regarding age; mean pretreatment and post treatment VAS after 6 hours.Mean decrease in pain VAS score was 3.30 + 1.2 in group A while 7.17+ 1.3 in group B. (P value 0.001).Intravenous hydrocortisone is more effective in reducing post dural puncture headache pain severity after spinal anaesthesia for elective caesareansection when given along with conventional treatment as compared to conventional treatment alone.
...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
...pproximately 3 months of age with respect to growth. Vole pups were randomized into litters of 1-2 (LD, low density), 3-5 (MD, medium density), and 6-9 (HD, high density) individuals, and the body weight, body length, tail length, and hind foot length were measured and curve-fitted by using Von Bertalanffy and Logistic equations. Instantaneous growth rates and growth acceleration of Yangtze voleat different densities were calculated. Results showed that at dif...
Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*
...e to identify fishery management units of C. apogon from six populations of three different river drainages: Pong, Chi, and Mun Rivers. Thirty-two truss measures and standard length were obtained using digital calliper from 291 fish individuals, and raw measured data were then subjected to allometric equation to remove size-dependent variation prior further statistical analyses. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANO...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Ghazala Roohi3 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...y Miocene to Pleistocene ages of the Siwaliks of Pakistan. Enamel hypoplasia is a tooth malady which is caused by the deficiency of food/nutrients. The feeding deficiency is directly linked to the physiological or environmental stress. In this study occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in giraffids has been observed in species of all time intervals between 18.3-0.6 Ma except the time 11.2-9.0 (late Miocene) that has no giraffids with this dental defect. The compara...
Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Shahzad2, Xiaokang Wu3, Chaofeng Ma4 and Jiru Xu1,*
... and narrows the air passages. Present study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of asthma patients and to investigate the alteration in similarity and diversity of gut microbial composition with comparison of healthy controls. Fecal samples from fifteen patients and five healthy individuals were collected. PCR-DGGE, by using universal primers focusing V3 region of 16S rRNA gene, was performed for characterization of gut microbial composition. Sequencing ...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
... taken from each animal: age at first insemination, age at first calving, number of semen portions attributable to successful insemination, length of pregnancy and periods of: insemination service, postpartum resting period, interpregnancy period and intercalving period. The study also determined weight of the cow and weight of the calf at calving (including gender). Statistical calculations were performed using the statisti...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...ill help conservation management of the species in the area. The habitat use of urial was determined on the basis of direct or indirect evidence (e.g. animal sightings, fecal pallets and hairs) in different habitats. Information on food consumption was collected by using scan sampling technique and also collected from local people, hunters and shepherds (n=78). During scan sampling, focused feeding animals were observed with the help of a telescope and spottin...
Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Ayesha Riaz3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...ern Pakistan. The assemblage presents seven bovid species Pachyportax latidens, P. cf. nagrii, Selenoportax cf. vexillarius, Tragoportax punjabicus, T. cf. salmontanus, Elachistoceras khauristanensis and Gazella lydekkeri. The boselaphines are predominant at the type locality. The taxa are consistent with a Late Miocene-Early Pliocene age of the deposits. The findings expand our know...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...f new integrated pest management. After the direct application of Huwa-San TR50, N. cucumeris could also sustain its population on treated and/or dead T. urticae, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Statistically, the difference between laboratory and greenhouse conditions was insignificant (P > 0.5, using F-test Graphpad prism 7). Up to 3000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50 reduced the population of N. cucumeris by 11.83 and 17.66% under g...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...ad as well as serious damage produced by the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, have forced emphasis of various research teams on finding appropriate methods for managing and controlling it. A huge fund was given for managing and controlling RPW in several countries. In this study, the potential toxicity of oxamyl to RPW was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, oxamyl had significant effects on ...
Rana Hanan1*, Muhammad Waqar Shafi1, Sumair Anwar2 and Numrah Nawaz1
...-hypertension affect all ages and professions, and are as common as flu infections by affecting 1 in every 5 persons. In order to determine frequency of hypertension and pre-hypertension among medical students and their association with various variable and fixed risk factors, this study was designed. The cross sectional study of 4 months was carried out on the students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Students were age
Xiaoting Zhang1,2, Jiaxiang Wang1,2,*, Peng Li1,2,* and Lixun Ye1,2
...thelial cells and macrophages. The ghrelin-ip cells showed cytoplasmic staining, they were cone, oval, spindle, round or irregular in shape and tended to be restricted to a single cell. These results demonstrate the presence of ghrelin-ip cells in the lung of the African ostrich and therefore it is speculated that ghrelin may have a physiological function in the lung of the African ostrich.
...
Bian Xunguang1,2, Li Jiancheng1, Xu Chu1 and Yang Li2,3,4,*
...r mechanism of sperm storage.
...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...n. Among developmental stages, the 4th instar larvae possessed higher microsomal enzyme activities than 6th instar larvae and adult beetles in all populations. The increased level of microsomal enzymes in phosphine-tolerant populations as compared to susceptible population has pointed some correlation between microsomal enzymes and phosphine tolerance.
...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...licidae), is most common agent for transferring a mass of pathogens i.e., West Nile Virus (WNV), avian pox virus (APV) etc. in rural and urban areas. To mitigate these problems study was conducted by using binary mixtures of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (isolates Bb-01, Bb-10), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate Ma-11.1, Ma-2.4)and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) and chemical insecticide...
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang* 
...g, hibernation, food storage, protection from predators and extreme environment, and the function of burrows varies with the degree of burrow complexity. We studied the burrow architecture (length, internal dimensions, fractal dimension of tunnel systems, number of nesting chambers and surface holes) by excavating the tunnels of 24 burrow systems of the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Pikas have two types of burrow systems, namely temporary and perma...
Muhammad Nabeel,1,* Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...opted to minimize its damage. Some cultivars were found resistant to the borer infestation and are recommended for cultivation.
...
Salma Javed, Saima Majeed, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz*
...sediments of Mubarak Village in Karachi, Pakistan. The new species is characterized by a cuticle bearing 20-22 longitudinal ridges, tail conical, tapering evenly to narrow terminus 116-128 µm long. Cellular body content extending 2/3 of the tail length. Heterodorus longidens (Jairajpuri and Loof, 1968) Andrassy, 2009 is reported for the first time from Pakistan is briefly redescribed and illustrated.

 

...

SHARIF UDDIN, MD. HASIBUL HASAN, MOHAMMED MAHBUB IQBAL, MOHAMMAD AMZAD HOSSAIN

...matids and spermatozoa stages during the month of June and July.
 
...

Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5 

...effects of different tillage systemscombined with glyphosate herbicide on soil moisture content,bulk density and porosity associated with wheat grain yield were evaluated. Seven tillage treatments were applied in the fallow periods (summer seasons) of both years before sowing of wheat crop. These tillage treatments were (i) Once Mould board plowing followed by 8 cultivations with planker (...
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...g their different life stages. Nest composition and location are important factors in studying utility of plant material by avifauna. The current study investigated nesting use of tree species by avifauna at Pabbi Range Forest Kharian (32.811°N and 73.865°E), District Gujrat, from September 2013 to June 2015. Data were collected from five selected sampling sites by searching and identifying nests of different bird species in various vegetation types an...
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...en to examine the DNA damage induced by pesticide mixture (endosulfan+chlorpyrifos) in peripheral blood erythrocytes of freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus by using Comet assay. The 96-h LC50 value of pesticide mixture was estimated for 180-old fingerlings of O. niloticusin a static system and then four sub-lethal concentrations viz. 1/3rd of LC50, 1/4th of LC50, 1/5th of...
Ghazala Saeed1, Rabia Wajid1* and Ayesha Yousaf Dar2
...re between18-25 years of age and 37.14 % (n=52) were between 26-35 years of age. The mean+SD was calculated as 25.12+4.53 years. Frequency ofvaginal delivery in patients with eclampsia was 30.71 % (n=43) while69.29 % (n=97) were delivered through cesarean section. Comparisonof maternal mortality in two groups was recorded, where out of 43 spontaneous vaginal deliveries mortality was recorded in 6.98 % (n=3). Out of 97 cesare...

Irfan1* , Arshad Javid2 , Muhammad Altaf3 , Muhammad Shahbaz3 , and Khalid Javed Iqbal4 

...profile with increase in age were analyzed in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Genderwise variations and effect of rearing systems i.e. free range, semi-intensive and confinements were also assessed from 1st to 6th month of age. Total sixty (n = 60) experimental birds were divided in to three groups i.e., poults having age 4-8 weeks (10

Warda Fatima1 , Shahida Hasnain1 , Saqib Mahmood2

 

...amily. For the males the age at onset was higher compared to females and the affected individuals were unmarried and unemployed. Parental consanguinity was another important determinant studied and was identified that three of four offsprings of cousin marriage were schizophrenic. It was concluded from the present study that along with inherited nature of schizophrenia importance of shared environment cannot be ruled out. Th...

Haji Muhammad1, 2, Zafar Iqbal1, Qamar Bashir2, Muhammad Amir Hanif3

...ndus River in Taunsa barrage from Punjab, Pakistan. The value of length weight relationship (LWR) equation and condition factor (K) ranged W= -0.249 TL0.79 – W= -2.803 TL3.55 and 0.07 – 1.69 respectively. The objective of this study was to determine LWR and condition factor of cat fish species of Indus River that could help in
conservation and management of ichthyofauna in the Indus Rivers, Pakistan

...

Ayesha Aihetasham1*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2, Syeda Rida Hasan1, Imran Bodlah3

...s can be used for the management of H. indicola.

...

 Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5

...57±1.07), between age 19-40 years and it’s higher in 3rd trimester of their pregnancies. Additionally low educational status and poor dietary habits showed high risks of anemia among the pregnant women.

...
Telat Yanik1,* and Irfan Aslan2
... as predation, food shortage or heavy fishing may exacerbate the climatic impacts on the aquaculture biodiversity. Based upon current general consensus among researchers, a global legislation and action-plan is required. Additionally, regulatory authorities from both developed and underdeveloped countries should enforce the implementation of these legislations. Such initiatives are fundamental in conservation of aquaculture, sustainability of increasing food s...

Malak Atiq Ullah Khan* and Fida Mohammad 

...type for all traits. Average over nine environments, genotype G-79 exhibited maximum values for tillers m-2 (181 tillers); grains spike-1 (71 grains); grain yield (4862 kg ha-1) and thus appeared as leading genotype for yield and production traits. Similarly, G-79 had higher grain yield in all test environments except E-03 i.e. E-01 (4537 kg ha-1); E-02 (4840 kg ha-1); E-04 (5035 kg ha-1); E-05 (4976 kg ha-1); E-06 (4797 kg ha-1); E-07 (5024 kg ha-1); E-08 (47...

Sajid Muhammad* and Fida Mohammad 

...notypes is always on the agenda of cultivar development programs. Testing of genotypes across environments is required to determine yield stability of genotypes. The specific objective of the current study was to analyze genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of grain yield for 50 genotypes using GGE model. Germplasm was field-tested using alpha lattice design in two replications at Peshawar (E-1 and E-3), Hangu (E-2 and E-4) and Kohat (E-5) Khyber Pakhtunk...
Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Humaira Aziz1 and Khalid Zamir Rasib2
...Pronil (Fipronil) and Mirage (Imidacloprid) were tested in soil against Heterotermes indicola. Treatment with Pronil and Mirage during 8 h caused less than 97% mortality in 8 h. LC50 values for Pronil and Mirage were 39.81 ppm and 177.32 ppm, respectively. Pronil was found more toxic than Mirage with low LC50 value however bo...
Faiza Hassan1, Mubshara Saadia1,*, Muhammad Sher1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Muhammad Arshad3,Asam Riaz4 and Mahmood Ahmad Khan5
....
...

Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani2, Sami Ullah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Abdur Rauf3 and Inam Ullah2

...ign: justify;">Ridge tillage system is one approach to ensure better plant population, save irrigation water, cut cultivation costs and increases cotton yield and quality on sustainable basis. Field trial was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to study the effect of tillage systems [ridge tillage (RT) and flat till

Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour

...All doses was orally (gavage) given to rates.Protein carbonyls (PC) andthiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS),superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) values in spleen were measured. An increase in TBARS and PC levels was obtained in rats' spleen of the Cd-group than controls and nano-Se decreased this effect close to the control. The CAT values of all groups did not differ significantly. The values of SOD and GPx wer...

Ayesha Aihetasham*, Faiza Qayyum and Muhammad Xaaceph

...t insects. They cause damage to furniture, household goods, timber and forest vegetation. Present study was designed to determine the effect of fungus isolates at six different exposure times on Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), which is one of the major destructive termites of Pakistan. Fungal conidia were repellent to C. heimi. The workers of C. heimi were exposed to fungus for 60, 45, 30, 20, 15, 10 minutes and percentage mort...

 Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal*, Mehedi Hasan Kanon, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Abul Hossain, Shamima Nasren, Md. Jahidul Islam, Md. Arifur Rahman

...e indigenous fish assemblage of Konoskhaihaor for 9 months from May 2014 to January 2015. The Konoskhaihaor area covers 104.50 acres of land containing 6 small to large beels. In the monsoon haor remains under water. A total of 37 fish species belong to 7 orders including prawns were found. Among the 37 species 5 were vulnerable, 7 endangered, 1 critically endangered, 3 exotic, 20 not threatened and 1 not evaluated according to IUCN, Bangladesh, 2000. The Shan...
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
... involved in the early stages of neuronal determination and neurogenesis in vertebrates. Tissue distribution analyses by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that CcSoxD genes were abundant in the brain, showed sexual dimorphism, and were inconsistently expressed during embryogenesis. These results indicated that CcSoxD plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and may be involved in sexual development in carp. ...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
...rmed with cathegorical (cage and line) and continuous (hatch, age at sexual maturity and body weight of sexual maturity) predictors and a continuous response variable (EP). The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients among all predictor variables were significantly changed from 0.88 to -0.65. Age of sexual maturity was found the most predictor variable that affecting EP and it was fo...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...g the demographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Using ELISA kit and HI as serological methods for diagnosis, we found a 24.13% (168/696) overall seroprevalence, where the seroprevalence for H3N8 was 14.51% (101/696), for H7N7 6.03% (42/696), and 3.59% (25/696) as mixed infections, suggesting EIV current and active circulation in equine population of Pakistan. Statistical analysis suggested predicting variables including &ld...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...were to evaluate ovaries age effect on restoration function upon transplantation in mice and rats. Eighteen adult female rats were classified to three equal groups in addition to sex young females as donor of young ovaries. Similar classification was done using eighteen female mice and sex young females. The females of mice or rats were anesthetized for ovarian transplantation using (6.2 and 13.2 mg/kg BW) and (13.3 and 26.6 mg/kg BW) diazepam and xylazine, re...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool3, Fatima Ahmed4, Saiqa Tabassum3,6, Syeda Madiha3, Tahira Perveen3 and Saad Bilal Ahmed5
...

 

...
Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4

 

.../i> serotype O78 or both agents simultaneously or 3 days apart. The birds were clinically observed and swabbed daily. They were killed at 4 and 14 days after single or dual inoculations and were inspected for gross lesions. Samples of the respiratory organs (trachea, lungs, and air sacs) were taken for histological analyses. All the infected subjects showed clinical signs of varying severity. Co-infected groups showed the most obvious clinical signs, associate...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4 
...ted to the hospital. Average number of hospital visits for exacerbations per year, smoking history, family history of smoking related chronic lung disease in first degree relatives and presence of comorbidities were recorded from patient history and medical records. Body mass index was calculated and complete pulmonary function tests were recorded using electronic spirometer. Three multiple linear regression models were created with mid maximal expiratory flow...

Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Ather Javed Khan2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Ahmad Kamran Khan4 

...ries. Integrated pest management project was launched in Punjab and run by agriculture extension department. Farmer Field Schools were formed at each village level. Present study was designed to evaluate the role of integrated pest management for cotton production technologies by the registered growers of Hasilpur, Punjab. In order to collect this information an interview schedule was prep...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Said Alam 

.... A total of fifteen villages out of total 173 were selected for study, 75 farmers were interviewed, 05 from each of the 15 selected villages. A total of 15 focus group discussions were organised, one is each selected village. The key parameters addressed during survey were cropping pattern, sowing, harvesting date and yield per acre of different crops, pests and crops diseases, flowering ...

Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1 

...purposively selected villages of district Charsadda. Out of 382 producers 176 were located in Tebana Dhere and 206 in Sarkai village. It is find out that 47% of land area was under the cultivation of strawberry with average production of 2898 kilogram per acre. The per acre average values of land preparation, NPK fertilizer, labor, seedling, farm yard ma...
Tahira Kamal1*, Saeed-Ul-Hassan Khan2, Amir Bin Zahoor3, Khalid Naeem3, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1, Siddra Tayyab Akhtar4, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
...using R Neasy Minikit (Qiagen) according to instruction manual. After extraction RNAs were eluted in 60 ul elution buffer and stored at -70C. Each strain of FMD virus was serially diluted to -5dilution in order to check the efficacy of test. Reaction was completed in 1 hr and 10 min at temperatures 600C. It was also tested in hot water bath on same temperature. Results were same in both techniques. Results showed that LAMP was more sensitive for FMD...
Lowell Gustafson
...along our current pilgrimage, but he would be the first to say that is not the final word about ultimate reality.
...

Waqas Liaqat1, Mohammad Akmal1* and Jawad Ali 

...half of the national average in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province. The study aims to find outoptimum sowing time for a suitable variety (OPV or hybrid) in Peshawar. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Experiment was a randomized complete block with split plots in three replications. Factor one was sowing dates (June 18, 30, July 15, 29 and August 5) as main plot treatment. The secon...
Francisco J. Ayala
... a Creator or a planning agent external to the organisms themselves. There is no scientific evidence of any vital force or immanent energy directing the evolutionary process toward the production of specified kinds of organisms. Even if a scientific account of natural history is open to the God question, it will take a theologian to propose an answer. 
...
Shahid Mehmood1,*, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Hassan Raza1, Rida Ahmad1, Azhar Muhammad3, Zulfiqar Ali2, Farhan Abid1, Fehmeeda Bibi4 and Syed Maviz Ahmed5
...ight (8) (11.3%) and passage migrant one (1) (1.4%). More birds were observed in winter season compared to summer season. The most dominant species were house crow, Corvus splendens (n=2518), house sparrow, Passer domesticus (n=772), common myna, Acridotheres tristis (n=327), black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (n=190) and jungle babbler, Turdoides striatus (n=186). Among 71 species, Alexandrine parakeet, Psit...
Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1 and Muhammad Fiaz2,*
...re levels for optimum forage yield and organic Hanwoo cattle carrying capacity from 2012-13 to 2014-15. Experiment was conducted under split plot arrangement having 3 main plots (Sole Rye, Rye with hairy vetch and rye with pea) and 4 sub-plots (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). Findings showed if rye was mixed cropped with hairy vetch, dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield was not different (P>0.05) from control, whereas rye-vetch mixture had...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi
...sease affected all three age groups of sheep and goats but the younger animals were more severely affected with a morbidity rate of 37.19%. The mortality and case fatality rates were also higher in young which were 46.86% and 17.39%, respectively. Yearly data of outbreaks was suggestive that a cyclic as well as seasonal pattern of disease occurred. The results of the phylogenetic tree indicated that all Pakistani PPRV strains, regardless of the gene used eithe...
Tasleem Akhtar*, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah
...oon) crops along with managed Apis mellifera. Thirty five insect species belonging to twenty families under five orders were recorded on canola. Among the hymenopterans, abundance of managed A. mellifera was maximum (87.76%) followed by Apis florea (1.11%) and Apis dorsata (0.98%). Peak activity of the insect visitors was observed at the mid of the day i.e., 12:00 pm. The activity of man

Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3 

...ignificant difference in age and educational status of male heads and their spouses. Majority of the farm families (39.3%) earn income for their livelihoods both from farming and non-farming sources. Intensity of participation of female respondents in different crops and livestock activities was comparatively high as compared to their male counterparts. It was found that average daily share of female in crops related activit...

Imran Khan*, Zahir Shah, Wiqar Ahmad, Farmanullah Khan and Muhammad Sharif 

...he effect of shallow tillage (ST, cultivator 0-20cm) and deep tillage (DT, moldboard plough 0-40cm) and different organic and inorganic fertilizers application to wheat crop on organic matter, micro-nutrient status and physical properties of soil at the NDF Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2015-16. The study was planned in RCB split plot design with fertilizers; control (Farmer’s practices, FP, 60-4...

Ronaq Zaman*, Shahid Ali and Inam Ullah 

...espondents using multi-stage sampling technique through well-structure interview schedule. For the estimation of Stochastic frontier tans-log production function, maximum likelihood estimation technique was used. To ensure the abnormality of data set Chow test and Dummy variable test was employed for any possible structure break across the broiler farms. Results indicated that there were significant structural breaks across the sampled farms. Based on these fi...

Saima Akhtar Qureshi1 and Asim Anwar2*, Ather Maqsood Ahmed

...orate with international agencies to introduce sound agriculture practices like Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Pakistan. In IPM technique natural parasites and predators are used to check pest growth instead of pesticides which reduces ecological and health damage. Pesticides are used at the last resort in IMP method so it reduces the cost of production and increases the farmers&rsquo...

Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan 

...lation to the critical stages of maize crop were applied. Irrigation consisted of 93 mm water. Three organic soil conditioners viz., farmyard manure (10000 kg ha-1), wheat straw as crop residue (10000 kg ha-1) and two levels of humic acid (2 and 4 kg ha-1), alone and in combinations with gypsum (1000 kg ha-1) as inorganic soil conditioner were applied a week before sowing of maize. Design used was randomized complete block with split plot arrangement replicate...

Aqsa Waqar1, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Sania Begum2*, Tayyaba Rehman1, Rabia1, Armghan Shehzad2, Wajya Ajmal2, Syeda Shahdana Zia2, Iqra Siddiqi2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali2* 

... to the equator. Crop damages can reach 50 - 100%, due to infected plants and shriveled grain. These problems can be overcome by knowledge about the disease, identifying resistance lines and subsequently develop resistant varieties with an aim to shorten the disease cycle. One of the quickest ways in this direction is the designing molecular markers for non-race-specific resistance genes. Use of molecular markers is efficient tool for screening diversity of ru...

Wang Jian1, Abdur Rehman2*, Noor Khan3, Wang Zhengjia4, Ji Peng-fei5, Xie Cong6, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan Babar7 and Raheel Saqib8 

...to consume) and APC (Average propensity to consume) clearly shows that in the study area with the rise of rural households income, their consumption demand also increases. The relative co relational analysis shows, that the food consumption ranks first, household consumption has second, clothing consumption third, family equipment consumption fourth have highest close relation with the per capita income of rural households. Lastly the healthcare, transport com...

Afsheen Masood1*, Rubab Musarrat2, Shama Mazahir3 and Adeela Ashraf4  

...ched on the basis of the age and income level of the parents. Quality of Life Scale WHOQOLS and Marital Satisfaction Scale were used to collect the data from Anmol and Sundus Foundation and Fatmeed Foundation, Lahore. The results from independent sample t- test revealed that the quality of life and marital satisfaction of parents of children with leukemia was significantly lower than the parents of normal cohort. Further it was indicated by the correlation ana...

Aneeza Jamshed1* and Syed Amir Gillani2 

... selected through multistage cluster sampling. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the time period of 6 months from April 2014 to Sep 2014. Data analysis was done with SPSS 20. After describing the important variables, average percentages were used to find out the difference between pre and post awareness performances and t score and p value was calculated. All the students (150) w...

Zehra Mohsin1*, Sarah Shahed2 and Talat Sohail

... sample of 160 nurses of age (M=33.48, SD=9.18) was selected from public hospitals of Lahore. The nurses completed a demographic information form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Supportand Professional Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Two demographic variables, age and experience had significant positive correlation with compassion fatigue, r =.252, n=160, p <.01 and r =.256...

Shahid Iqbal1*, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad Jadoon3 and Intikhab Alam3 

... 5 randomly selected villages of District Charsadda. The study findings reveal a significant difference in the area under wheat, maize and vegetables after the flood. At the same time, the area under sugarcane and fodder had also decreased to some extent. Similarly, the use of chemical fertilizers and farm yard manure was also decreased due to decrease in the income of the households after the floods-2010 while an increase, though non-significant, was reported...

Fazal Ullah1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Syeda Leeda Gul2, Bibi Zainub1 and Maaz Khan

...er treatments on the storage life of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. Sherkhana-I” was carried out at Post harvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The research was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors i.e. hot water dipping times (0, 5, 10, and 15 Minutes) and storage durations (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Days). Hot water dipping times s...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...ctive against MDR. Older age of animals, higher California mastitis score, weak body condition, higher milk yield, early lactation, teat injury, higher parity number, tick infestation, self-treatment and higher use of penicillin in general ailments had positive association with MDR prevalence. The study concluded higher prevalence of MDR S. aureus in camel milk with significant association of assumed risk factors and some of antibiotics presented higher...
Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
...mals, geographical area, age of animals, herd size, stage of animals, production level and concentrate feeding. Selenium deficiency was also evaluated as a risk factor of mastitis and repeat breeding. About 48.43% cattle and 72.39% buffaloes were found positive in selenium deficiency. Species (cattle and buffaloes) were significantly (χ2=23.042, df=1, p<0.05) associated with selenium deficiency. The highest...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...icated that participants aged less than 18 years and those diagnosed within first year of life, had significantly healthier body dimensions. Higher family income, female gender and greater meal satisfaction was found to be associated with better biochemical indices. Most participants reported partial compliance to GFD. Compliant participants reported an increased consumption of junk food whereas, non-compliant patients, consumed significantly higher intakes of...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
...iduals below 15 years of age were found marginally more parasitized than above 15 years (0.3856, P<0.05). Males were more infected than females with (0.3157, P<0.05). No significant association was found among the occupational groups and parasitic infection (0.3089, P<0.05). However, shepherds were found more infected than farmers and education concerned. Due to comparative based approach in different occupational groups the present study is of partic...
Sumaira Zareen1, Syeda Sadaf Zahra2, Ayeza Mehmood3, Muhammad Asadullah4* and Aish Muhammad5

 

...oots per shoot at an average root length of 3.86 cm. After acclimatization and transplantation, 90% of the In- vitro derived plants were found healthy in ex vivo conditions.
...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6
...pproaches of nutrient management can be a possible solution for these problems. So the present study was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, Groundnut Research Station Attock, Pakistan during rabi 2013-14 to check the effect of different integrated nutrients management strategies on the yield and quality of wheat. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement by using thr...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
...color from Marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower by using cheap and safe techniques and making it stable for long period of time in food products as well as in extracted form by using preservatives and antioxidants like citric acid and determining its usefulness by applying on food products. Natural edible color was extracted from T. erecta gave lemon yellow color shade which when applied on candies increased the attractiveness. The spectrophotometric...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...e (SK) is a thrombolytic agent having broad applications in treatment of various diseases like ischemia, Budd-Chiari syndrome, myocardial infarction, brain stroke and myocardial infarction. Strain improvement is an important approach for its hyper production. In this connection, wild bacterial strain Streptococcus equisimilis was mutagenized using ethidium bromide and UV radiation. The colonies (15 each) showing > ...
Ali Murad Rahoo,1,2,* Tariq Mukhtar,1,3 Shoukat Ibrahim Abro,4 Barkat Ali Bughio5 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo6
...es as biological control agents of specific target insects is affected by their level of infectivity and reproductive capacity. Therefore, in the present study the productivity of five entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae, S. kraussei, S. carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. indica) were compared in Galleria mellonella larvae. The production of infective juveniles (IJ) in G. mellonella was significantly affec...

Rahila Nizami1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Intzar Hussain3 and Khalid Rashid

...linical directors and managers. This research was conducted to study the leadership styles among the medical professionals. For this purpose, a cross sectional and non-probability convenient sampling was conducted involving 59 medical professionals of Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore. The assessment of leadership-style (T-P leadership rating scale) was applied. The age of subjects was 37.42±11.91 years; 29(49.15%) ...

Sadaf Ghulam Rasul1*, Uzma Yaqub2, Maida Manzoor1 and Hafsa Mubasshar

...etrozole for the pain management of endometriosis in females. A total of 140 females fulfilling inclusion criteria were registered and an non-probability purposive technique of sampling was used. Diagnostic laparoscopy was conducted to make a diagnosis of endometriosis. Females were divided into two groups. Females in group A received treatment with Letrozole tablets (2.5 mg/day) and in group B received Danazol tablets (600 mg/day) for 3 months. Pelvic pain wa...

Nukhbat-Ullah Awan1*, Muhammad Sohail2, Zeeshan Sarwar3, Muhammad Mustahsen Bashir4, Muhammad Abbas Khokhar5 and Asad Aizaz Chatha

...ed. All patients were managed in ICU and early tracheostomy was performed in addition to standardized medical treatment. A total of 86% males with age 32±8.3 years presented the study participants. Results demonstrated thatmost common mode of trauma was road traffic accident, and majority (54%) of patients were never vaccinated. Incubation period noted was 7±1 days. Tracheostomy was performed in 16±3 hou...

Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed 

...ersion 22. Mean maternal age was 28.100+4.824 years, mean education was 12.400+2.138 years, mean BMI was 29.420+5.075 and mean household income was PKR 25641+16251.543. With these characteristics, the mean birth weight of2.814+0.551 kg was recorded. Four percent (n=2) had very low food security and 34% (n=17) women had low food security. Importantly, food unsecured women had a 5.439 times increased risk of delivering a low birth weight neonate (RR=5.439, CI=1....

Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid 

... were primigravida. Mean age in study group was 15 to 24 years. We observed mild anemia in 46% of woman, moderate anemia in 41% and severe anemia in 13% in young primigravida. Preterm delivery was noted in 25% of the females and low birth weight babies were noted by 33% in teenage and young primigravida. Statistically significant relationship was found between maternal age, education and s...

Zahid Akram, Saif Ullah Ajmal, Ghulam Shabbir, Muhammad Munir and Nasir Mahmood Cheema

INHERITANCE MECHANISM OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT
...on. The estimates of average degree of dominance for spike length (1.139), 1000 grain weight (1.421), number of spikelets spike-1 (2.293), number of grains spike-1 (1.631) and grain yield plant-1 (1.111) evidenced the prevalence of non additive gene action controlling these traits. The present results, therefore, revealed that selection for these traits in early generation may not be useful and it has to be delayed till segregating generations.
...

Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik** and M. Aslam Gill***

EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS, TILLAGE PRACTICES AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON WHEAT STAND ESTABLISHMENT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
... (cropping systems x tillage practices x fertilizer treatments) under rainfed condition, during 2000-01 and 2000-02. On the basis of wheat emergence (m-2) and emergence rate index, wheat stand establishment was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the fallow-wheat cropping system compared to maize-wheat, mungbean-wheat, and cowpea-wheat system. Tillage practices (shallow and deep) and fertilizer treatments {recommended dose o...

Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Khalid Naseem, Muhammad Amjad, Amer Mumtaz and Saeeda Raza*

...oken/shrunken grains, damaged grains, moisture, ash, protein (N x 5.7), wet and dry gluten, falling number, and minerals (copper, manganese, iron, zinc). It was observed that wheat samples varied considerably within each region and also between regions. Attock region samples had highest test weight (80.50 kg hl -1), protein (11.80 %) and lowest nonedible foreign matter (0.45%) and broken/shrunken grains (0.88 %). Highest wet and dry gluten (27.44 % and 9.29 %)...

Saeeda Raza, Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Amer Mumtaz, Nouman Siddiqui, Khalid Nasim and Muhammad Amjad*

... during three months storage in double polyethylene bags at ambient temperature (20-25 ºC).

...

Naheed Akhtar, Azra Nasim*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Muhammad Ashfaque, Shaheena Yasmin, Ghulam Jilani, Afzala Tashfeen, Waseem Ahmed Gilani, Irshad Begum* and Muhammad Munir***

...7 were resistant with damage rating of 2- 3. Twelve wheat lines/varieties, 99B4012, 99B2278, V-9021, V-002493, Wafaq 2001, PR-84, TW0135, CT-00062, 7-03, PR-86, V-02192 and Chakwal 97 were found moderately resistant. Three wheat lines/varieties namely RWM-9313, V-00125 and Diamond were moderately susceptible (MS) with damage rating of 6. No wheat line was found as susceptible during these studies. Results of antixenosis test...

Raania Ahsan* and Zafar Altaf**

...ds; however, these advantages are curbed by the high prices charged for genetically modified illegal cotton seeds in the country. National Biosafety Guidelines of 2005, must be followed to approve all genetically modified crop varieties including cotton. This will encourage the introduction of this advanced technology through legal means with its complete package of benefits. After approva...

Mohammad Aslam*

...e independence. The shortage in domestic production is met through imports for which valuable foreign exchange has to be earmarked. On the other hand, Pakistan has been a sizeable net exporter of rice. An effort has been made in the present paper to probe the possibility of attaining food autarky through a partial substitution of wheat with rice in the consumption plan of consumers. The study reveals that rice is a substitute food commodity for wheat and may b...

Golam Moula* and Sayedur Rahman**

...ance. The overall percentage of seed germination (mean ± SD) was 41.48 ± 5.63. However, further trial with the germinated seedlings is necessary to explore its viable potentiality at the field level.

...

Sidra Majeed, Shahid Ahmad*, Asif Ali Bhatti** and Ghazanfar Abbas***

...is revealed that the average net return was Rs. 6744 ha-1 with minimum loss of Rs. 7674 ha-1 during 2000-01 to a gain of Rs. 20822 ha-1 during 2004-05. The analysis of cost of production indicated that the increase was largely in the cost of tillage and harvesting due to increase in the price of diesel fuel and renting cost of farm machinery. The average net return from barani wheat using ...

Khalid Mahmood Aujla, Sajida Taj*, Khalid Mahmood** and Nadeem Akmal*

... frost/cold spells, shortage of irrigation water over normal supplies, imbalanced use of fertilizers particularly of DAP fertilizer below the recommended doses, higher prices of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, diesel, electricity and less wheat prices during 2006-07 and late announcement of the minimum guaranteed wheat price for 2007-08 were the main reasons of lower wheat production in 2007-08. To enhance the wheat yield, farmers were of the view that the ti...

 Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Munir* and Muhammad Aslam**

...ation of 3H-ABA at all stages after treatment. The basal levels of ABA in phloem sap were lower in NODI- 3 than in Williams-82. Inoculation further accentuated this difference. The major changes in ABA level in phloem sap and leaves occurred between 48 to 96 h after inoculation.

...

 Aneela Afzal, Tanvir Ali, Munir Ahmad, Humera Amin and Samina Saki*

...njab, Pakistan. A multistage random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 480 respondents from three tehsils of the district. The results show that a vast majority of women were illiterate, having annual family income less than one lac, living in joint family system and having small land farms. A large proportion of the respondents reported that they remained engaged in cleaning of seeds, sowing, harvesting, w...

 R. Hussain* and A. N. Naqvi**

...ements indicated the average height 70.41±0.837 cm vs. 57.91±0.342 cm, heart girth 83.58±0.628 cm vs. 70.42±0.702 cm and body length 78.18±0.355 cm vs. 70.10±2.160 cm in males vs. females of Gojali goat. The data on growth traits indicated the average birth weight, weaning weight and adult weight as 1.53±0.070, 7.04±0.17 and 41.38±0.39 kg in males against 1.28&pl...

 Badaruddin Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain** and Zafar Khokhar*

...ion at critical growth stages could improve wheat yield significantly. A study was conducted during 2000–2002 to determine effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield of different wheat genotypes in the province of Sindh. The trial was laid out in split block design at Wheat Research Institute, Sindh, Sakrand, in which four irrigation treatments I3 (irrigation at crown root, booting and soft dough stage),...

 Mazher Abbas*, Muhammad Waqas Akram**, Ikram Saeed*** and Arshed Bashir*

...ium and small farms. Average gross revenue by small, medium and large farmers was Rs. 35913.10, Rs. 39635.54 and Rs. 39868.80 acre-1 respectively. Average of net income by small, medium and large farmers was Rs. 21194.59, Rs. 20608.26 and Rs. 19956.50 respectively. Benefit cost ratio for small, medium and large farmers was 2.44:1.00, 2.08:1.00 and 2.00:1.00 respectively. The study revealed that canola production in Central P...

 Abdullah Adil Ansari* and Kumar Sukhraj**

...owth parameters. The average yield of Okra during trial showed a significantly greater response in VW+VC compared with the control by 64.27 %. The fruits have a greater percentage of fats and protein content in VW+VC when compared with those grown with chemical fertilizers by 23.86% and 19.86%, respectively. The combination treatment [VW+VC] also have a significant influence on the biochemical characteristics of the soil wit...

 Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**

...s. Proper feeding and management is of fundamental importance to the success of any goats’ enterprise. In Pothowar region of Punjab, household and sedentary system of goat production is practiced. The availability of feed varies according to the season. Goats in the region are under nourished and producing less than potential. This study was conducted to find out the feed supplementation practices of goats in the Pothowar region. Data for this study was ...

 Nadeem Akmal, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Waqar Akhtar*

...eetal with fodder and forage in the area, majority of the farmers (73%) considered it more suitable. There was a price difference of Rs. 1277 for male kids and Rs. 697 for female kids of the same age than the kids from local buck crosses. The farmers believed that the price difference was not only due to the higher weight but a better look and better structure of the Beetal goat. Farming community showed keen interest in usi...

 Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Amanullah, Saifullah Khan, Basharat Hussain Shah and Munir Ahmed Khetran*

.... Highest rooting percentage (60%) was obtained in the cuttings treated with 3000 ppm. The maximum average number of roots per cutting (4.443) and average root length (5.687 cm) were recorded with 4000 ppm IBA treatment. Percentage of rooted cuttings decreased with increased IBA concentration, whereas, number of roots and root length increased with incre...

Tariq Mahmood, M. Sudheer Tariq, Khalid Mahmood Khokar, Hidayatullah and Syed Ijaz Hussain*

...ity of plants due to foliage eating by red pumpkin beetle was observed in control where no permethrin was applied. None of the plant extracts tested in this study as dust alone or mixed with dung ash was effective in controlling red pumpkin beetle attack. Permethrin dust (0.5%) alone and ash + permethrin dust (2000: 1 a.i w/w) gave a significantly higher yield of 18.07 and 18.63 t ha-1 in cucumber, respectively.

...

 Shazia Erum, Rashid Anwar and Shahid Masood*

 Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**

...ents at various growth stages, oil extraction techniques, mechanized flower picking, drying/storage techniques and cultivation practices in the existing cropping patterns.

...

 Rahila Nazli, Tehmina Sohail, Bushra Nawab and Zahra Yaqeen*

...or the new antimicrobial agent is still there and the present work is an attempt in this regard, Ethanolic extract of Gliricidia sepium in different concentration was used to investigate its antimicrobial activity against gram +ve and gram-ve bacteria. The study was also extended to some species of fungi. Results showed that the activity was more pronounced against gram +ve organisms and fungi. Maximum inhibition activity was calculated against all the groups ...

 Zaheeruddin Mirani*and Aslam Memon**

...es. Pesticide/fertilizer agents were viewed as effective in transferring messages, however, they were limited to their product sales since they have the task to achieve targets rather farmers’ development. Agricultural suppliers/ dealers of the pesticide/fertilizer product sales were the most influential persons of the area as indicated by the farmers. Agricultural supplier/dealer makes all the decisions of the farmers...

 Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **

...cts. Clusters of six villages were selected from each district for field surveys. Six community representatives and 36 farmers were interviewed by using a set of well-designed questionnaires from each site. Results showed that over last three decades, number of small and tenant farmers increased in the semi-arid zones of Pakistan due to environmental harshness in general and law of inheritance in particular. Due to increase in mean annual temperatures and irre...

 Rubina Bano, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif and Waqar Akhtar*

...ome of a family. The average flock size in the study area was 4033 birds. The study also bifurcates the cost structure and fixed cost accounts for 7 % while variable cost accounts for 93% of total cost of production. Feed makes the major share and accounts for 49.34%. Broiler production in the study area is profitable with a profitability index of 0.24, capital turnover of 1.32 with a rate of return on fixed cost 424% and on variable cost 135%. The issues and ...

 Farhan Ahmed, Hassnain Shah, Irum Raza* and Abdul Saboor**

... order of the moving average process. Presence of trend in data was checked through time series plots and stationarity through auto correlation and partial auto correlation functions. Using the ARIMA (p, d, q) forecasts from 2010 up to 2015 were made and production of milk in 2015 was estimated at 47492 t.

...

 Muhammad Afzal, Sarfraz Ahmad , Abdul Salam Baloch* and Qazi Bashir Ahmad**

...als namely, live weight, age, gender, body score and time of sale of animals. The results indicated that there were significant differences in prices among seasons. The seasons considered in the study were Eid-ul-Azha, Ramadan, and severe feed shortage period. The prices were the highest at Eid-ul - zha followed by Ramadan and feed shortage (winter) season. The explanatory power of the mod...

Muhammad Athar Khan1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Syed Amir Gilani3 and Ifrah Bukhari4 

..., handlers of meat, sewerage and agriculture workers. Leptospirosis affect multiple organs in human body and may lead to myocarditis, renal failure, respiratory distress and hypotension. This disease is an emerging infectious problem in many developing countries like Pakistan. A total of 250 subjects were selected from five different rice growing districts of Punjab, Pakistan after the approval of institutional ethical review board (IERB), 250 subjects were se...

Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah

...osive sampling. Patients aged 15-70 years of either gender were included. Oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) was done in each patient with unrestricted carbohydrate diet for three days and avoiding coffee, smoking and heavy exercise six hours before the test. Fasting sample was taken then 75g oral glucose was given. Sample after two hours was sent to KEMU clinical lab. A positive result of the patient was labeled as IGT. The patients mean a...

Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat

...uscles and subjects were aged between 18-26 years (irrespective of their gender). Range of motion at knee joint was measured by universal goniometer before the commencement of stretching technique. Static stretching was applied to group A, B and C with 30, 60 and 90 seconds holds, respectively. Stretches were exerted at frequency of three sessions per week and three repetitions per session. Reevaluation of ROM was performed after 4 and 6 weeks. The mean values...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
...hthalmus (initialaverage weight 32.46±0.36 g). The 40% crude protein diet was prepared by adding feed ingredients along with 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0.00 g kg-1 of α-amylase as T1, T2, T3 and T4 (control). At the end of feeding trial, 100% survival rate was recorded. Growth rate was significantly increased in fish fed with enzyme supplemented diets in comparison with control group. The maximum increase in growth rate was recorded in treat...
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
...lated to rest of IBV lineages compared in this study. It is concluded that Pak-786 isolate belongs to GI-13 lineage that include both the vaccine and virulent field strains, previously assigned to the 793B like. The study supports the concept that due to mass usage of live IBV vaccinal strains of diverse origin, variety of variants originate through random spontaneous mutation and genetic ...
Nay Naing Htoo1, Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Aung Tun Khaing1, Than Kyaw1, Erkihun Aklilu Woldegiorgis1 and Mohd Azam Khan1
... to creep feed with roughage (CFR), second group had free access to creep feed without roughage (CF) while last group (control) had access to their does’ milk (DM) only. All kids had access to their dam’s milk. The kids were weaned at day 84 and two kids from each treatment group were sacrificed. The results showed that the rumen morphological characteristics, papillary surface area and keratinized layer of CFR (...
Promy Virk
...ng Electron Microscopy images showed the presence of spherical to irregularly shaped green gold and silver (Au/Ag) nanopcomposite with an average size of 73.18 nm with polydispersity. A typical optical absorption peak at approximately 2.30 keV and 3.0 keV corresponded to the surface plasmon resonance property of gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. The green gold and silver (Au/Ag) nanocomposite showed a profound anti...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
...o collect data on percentage water saturation, electrical conductivity (E/C), pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus and potassium contents. We found significant differences (mound soil and undisturbed soil) in % water saturation, electrical conductivity (E/C), pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and biomass in all types of soil. A Chi-Square Q-Q plot was applied to test for the normality of data, and a one-way ANOVA without interaction was used for ...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2

 

...astaneum at larval stages, in dose dependent and time dependent manner. LC50 was determined to be 0.7ppm. To investigate the different effects of saponins on A. mellifera and T. castaneum AChE, computational approach was employed. For this purpose a dissection of 3-D model of A. mellifera and T. castaneum AChE enzyme was studied which showed that change in amino acid sequence of primary structure of enzyme exists at the saponin ...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...ately leads to tissue damage and oxidation of biomolecules. Aquatic organisms possess antioxidant system to cope with the oxidative stress. This research was conducted to see the effect of lead on peroxidase activity (antioxidant enzyme) in the gills and liver of Labeo rohita. Experiment was conducted in the laboratory by exposing four groups of Labeo rohita to different doses of PbCl2 viz. 96-h, 2/3rd, 1/4th
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
...from 3 to 8, with an average of 5.4. There were 6 highly polymorphic loci and 4 moderately polymorphic loci. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity in four populations ranged from 0.6421-0.6980 and from 0.4841-0.6999. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg were found in the four populations at some loci. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that relatively...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2 

... of the educated, middle aged and small landholding farmers. Maximum of the respondents had above 20 years of farming experience. A rapid increase in the registration of farmers with Farm Services Centers was found in the last five years. Chi-square results indicated highly significant association (P≤0.05) between the duration of registration with Farm Services centers, fertilizers and farm machinery provided to the respondents. Farm Services Center’s...

Anish Shrestha 

...s were rearing on an average 34.54 hives and average honey productivity was 34.6 Kg/hive. Average production cost was NRs. 7392.52 with the average net profit of NRs. 2987.05 (1 USD = 106 NRs), and B:C ratio was 1.67. Labor cost, migration cost and expenditure on sugar drug and comb foundation seems to have positive and significant relation with gross re...
Asad Sultan1, Sahal Ahmad1, Sarzamin Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Tahir3 and Shakoor Ahmad2
...s during the finishing stage exposed to heat stress (HS). Two hundred and seventy broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 dietary groups: three dietary groups in thermoneutral temperature (TN) and three dietary groups under high temperature. One group of birds received a basal diet only (control group), second group of birds received a diet supplemented with silymarin at the level of 10g/kg and third group of birds received a diet supplemented with ZnO at t...
Mustafa Sahin1,*, Esra Yavuz1 and Fatih Uckardes2
...d from 20 to 24 weeks of age, non-selected and random-mated Japanese quails. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of egg external quality such as egg width (X1), egg length (X2), Haugh unit (X3), and shape index (X4). The impact of these variables on albumen index was analyzed. Due to the multicollinearity between independent variables, the standard errors and VIF values of the partial regression coeffi...
Irfan1,*, Arshad Javid7, Muhammad Ashraf2, Athar Mahmud3, Muhammad Altaf4, Syed Makhdoom Hussain5, Muhammad Shahbaz4 and Khalid Javed Iqbal6
... and hatchability percentages of the artificially inseminated hens were assessed. To study the effect of natural mating on hatchability 15 (3♂, 12♀) M. gallopavo were randomly selected, were kept separately and were allowed to mate through stud mating. For artificial insemination, male (n = 3) and female (n = 12) birds were kept separately. Semen of the male birds was collected on weekly basis to record morphological characteristics and to i...
Saleem Abid1*, Nasir Jamal2, Muhammad Zubair Anwar3 and Saleem Zahid4 
...ely mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean squared deviation (MSD) were used as model selection criteria. Lowest values of these errors indicated a best fitting model. The study showed that exponential growth model was appropriate for forecasting potato area and production in Pakistan due to lowest values of the forecasting errors. The forecasted values of both area and production of potato crop depicted increasing trend....
Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1
...n and wheat yield on average basis was recorded in union council Goth Gani as compared to all areas while lowest cotton yield was observed in union council Mari Sheikh Sajra. In the light of above findings it is inevitable to treat the ground water with gypsum stones, dilution with canal water and growing of salt tolerant crops. It is necessary to manage the soil structure on sustainable basis for obtaining optimum crop yiel...
Xia-Lin Zheng1, Pan Wang2, Jun-Yan Liu1, Yu-Jing Zhang1, Jun Li1 and Wen Lu1,*
...ater contents of these stages in B. macroscopa have no negative or positive correlation with the supercooling points. Supercooling points of these stages are lower than the air temperature during the winter, which suggested that these stages are the potential overwintering stages of this species in Wuhan City.
...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Hamid Akbar1, Sajid Umar 3 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*
...o be suitable anesthetic agents for successful ovariohysterectomy in rabbits. As injectable anesthesia caused significant effect on serum biochemical and cardiovascular parameters when compared to inhalation, so, it is a less safe choice during lengthy surgical procedures like ovariohysterectomy.
...
Lin Wang1,2, Ye Gong3, Kelin Chen1, Haitao Wang3 and Xianguo Lyu1,*
...o 0.775. Significant linkage disequilibrium was found only between two markers. These microsatellites could be used to enhance our understanding of genetic information and breeding biology of Relict Gull.
...
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
...35 to 0.7717 with an average of 0.5149. Observed and expected heterozygosities at each locus ranged from 0 to 0.879 and 0.332 to 0.814, respectively. These markers could be used to better understand the breeding system and protection manage of this species.
...

Imtiaz Hussain*, Hassnain Shah, M. Azeem Khan, Waqar Akhtar**, Abdul Majid*** and M. Yaqub Mujahid*

Corresponding author:[email protected]

PRODUCTIVITY IN RICE-WHEAT CROP ROTATION OF PUNJAB: AN APPLICATION OF TYPICAL FARM METHODOLOGY
...relation with residue management. These techniques may include farmer practice (partial burning, land preparation and broadcast); partial burning zero tillage ; Farm Machinary Institute seeder (planting with in the residue). 

...

Akhlaq Ahmad, M. Anwar Arain*, Rahila Nazli**, Syed Anser Rizvi***,
Mubarik Ahmed* and Farzana Ibrahim****

Corresponding author: [email protected]

COST EFFECTIVENESS OF UNDER-SHEET AND WHOLE GODOWN FUMIGATION OF BAGGED WHEAT
...d during the 8 month storage trials that the average moisture content increased by 3%, grain damage increased by 12% -1 and grain weight decreased by 6 kghl in whole godown fumigations compared to similar treatment carried out under the cover of polyethylene sheet. The cost effectiveness of the treatments was determined, considering the cost of the materials and labour. It was estimated th...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik**, M. Aslam Gill*** and
Nasir M. Cheema*

Corresponding author: [email protected]

EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON MAIZE FODDER YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
... of deep and shallow tillage and fertilizer treatments i.e., recommended dose of fertilizer (RF), farm yard manure (FYM) and recommended dose of fertilizer plus farmyard manure (RF+FYM) on maize fodder yield was studied under rainfed conditions of Pakistan. It was observed -2 that the emergence count m , maize fodder biomass, plant height, number of leaves per plant and maize fodder yield enhanced, with the application of RF+FYM. However, the effect of FYM+RF ...

 Hidayatullah, T. Mahmood, M. Farooq, M. A. Khokhar and S.I. Hussain*

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTING SEX EXPRESSION OF BOTTLE GOURD (LAGENARIA SICERARIA MOLINA) PLANTS
...ession of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Molina) plants cv. Faisalabad Round was investigated under field conditions in National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Plants sprayed with distilled water were considered as control. Among all foliar agents, the response of -l GA3 3 and MH was found better. Exogenous application with 30 µmol l GA maximally increased the pistillate flower production as compared to co...

  Farhat Ullah Khan, Nowshad Khan and Zaibunnisa Abdullah*

Corresponding author: [email protected] (This is part of Ph.D. work of senior author)

IMPACT OFKINNOW (MANDARIN) YIELD LOSSES ON SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE FARMING COMMUNITY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... schedule. Simple percentage and chi-square techniques were used for analysis. According to analysis 91.5% respondents reported that yield losses of kinnow fruits have negative impact on socio-economic conditions of the majority respondents of the project area. Chi-square test also shows negative link of the kinnow fruits and socio-economic uplift of the farming community in the project area. Serious attention on scientific basis to yield losses through awaren...

 Javid Iqbal, Asghar Ali Mian, Tanveer Ahmad*, Shamsul Hassan** and Sohail Hassan Khan* 

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC TRAITS OF FOUR IMPORTED BROILER STRAINS UNDER LOCAL CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...cal environmental and management conditions. A total of 360 day old chicks of four broiler strains (90 from each strain) were procured from the local hatcheries and designated as four treatments i.e., A (Hubbard), B (Arbor Acres), C (Ross 308) and D (Hybro PN). The chicks were raised under recommended rearing requirements for 7 weeks and the economic traits measured were body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, antibody titres, dressin...

 Shahida N.Khokhar*

CROP INOCULANTS- AN UNDEREXPLORED POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURE
...graded lands, water shortage, energy crisis, all contributing to poverty. During last two decades, many efforts were made to address the issue through developing and applying the inoculants. Several research institutions including National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan contributed significantly to these efforts. There are many reports on achieving increase in yield of legumes, cereals (wheat, maize) and vegetable crops. This however ...

 Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****

ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ium and small farms. Average gross revenue by small, medium and large -1 farmers was Rs. 44175, Rs. 52483.02 and Rs. 55247.73 acre respectively. Average net income by small, medium and large farmers was Rs. 25281.02, Rs. 28734.98 and Rs. 28763.83, respectively. Benefit cost ratio for small, medium and large farmers was 2.34:1.00, 2.21:1.00 and 2.09:1.00 respectively. Cultivation of L. royleana in Punjab is profitable enterpr...

 Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*

EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)
...ore, this study was envisaged on olive trees to explore possibilities of inducing fruitfulness through the use of hormones and girdling operations under Islamabad conditions. Treatments consisted of control, girdling and spray of gibberellic acid, salicylic acid and naphthalene acetic acid @ 30 ppm, 250 ppm and 60 ppm, respectively. This experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors, in four replications. Statistical an...

 Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Mike Copland**

INFLUENCE OF THREE CONSTANT AND TWO RHYTHMICALLY FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURE REGIMES ON THE LIFE-TABLE PARAMETERS OF BROWN LACEWING SYMPHEROBIUS FALLAX
...regimes development of stages took place.

...

 Habib Iqbal Javed, Ashiq Saleem, Javed Fateh, Mozammil Hussain, Naheed Akhtar and Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah*

DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT MAIZE GERMPLASM
...rted at a very initial stage of the crop and swept down many of the progenies. Only 88 exotic and 7 indigenous progenies showed some resistance. The survived plants, among these progenies, were advanced by self pollination. During autumn 2000, only 9 progenies out of 95 showed some resistance with 35-66% plants survived under artificial infestation. Under natural infestation, 10 other progenies had more than 50% survived plants. The best survived plants among ...

 Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Muhammad Ansar*, Ashiq Saleem**, Zafar ullah Arif*, H.I. Javed and Rashid Saleem**

IMPROVEMENT OF MASH BEAN PRODUCTION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS BY RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND LOW RATES OF STARTER NITROGEN
...ty. The maximum mean average grain -1 yield (681.5 kg ha ) was augmented with the application of inoculation alone and non significant differences were noted among the varieties. Biological yield were also significantly increased by inoculation and nitrogen fertilization but inoculation alone was more effective by giving maximum economic yield. Various treatments exhibited significant differences for harvest index; however, maximum harvest index (22.04 %) was ...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Azim Malik**, Nasir Mahmood Cheema* and Muhammad Umair***

ECONOMICS OF WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAINFED AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...rs mainly due to poor management of soil, water and fertility issues. A field study was conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and the traditional wheat-fallow-wheat (W-F-W) cropping system was evaluated with the improved wheat-maize fodder-wheat (W-MF-W) and wheat-mungbean-wheat (W-MB-W) cropping systems. Two tillage practices, i.e. shallow tillage with culti...

 Ashiq Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf Zahid, Habib Iqbal Javed*, M Ansar**, Asghar Ali, Rashid Saleem* and Noor Saleem***

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) SEED YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...in optimum yield. On average, about 2-2.5-fold increase in seed rate of lentil under rainfed conditions can be safely recommended.

...

 Gulzar S. Sanghera and Wassem Hussain*

HETEROSIS IN RELATION TO COMBINING ABILITY PER SE PERFORMANCE IN TEMPERATE RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
...of other traits. The average proportion of restorers, partial restorers, partial maintainers and maintainers were 16:22:33:27, respectively. The best cross combination for grain yield was SKAU7A x K-08-61-2 and for early maturity SKAU11A x SR-2 over check variety SR-1 only. Cross combinations SKAU 7A x K-08-61- 2, SKAU 7A x SR-2, SKAU 11A x K-08-60-2, SKAU 11A x K-08-59-3 and SKAU 11A x SKAU-389 were the good specific combinations for grain yield per plant and...

 Sonila Hassan, Abid Hussain*, Muhammad Azeem Khan** and Irfan Mahmood*

RURAL-URBAN RETAIL PRICES AND MARKETING MARGINS OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN
...producers, 30 commission agents and 10 transporters in July 2010. Price data were collected from rural and urban retailers in Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and Quetta. It was observed that the retail prices of fresh fruits and vegetables were higher in rural markets as compared to urban markets and differences were even higher in vegetables as compared to fruits. For fruits the difference ranged from 8.6-25.0% in Hyderabad, 5.2- 39.0% in Faisal...

 Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai, Saeeda Raza* and Shahzad Arshad Saleem**

MICROBIAL COUNT AND SHELF LIFE OF STRAWBERRY JUICE
...awberry juice during storage. Strawberry was purchased from local market and its juice was kept for two weeks at room temperature to check its shelf life. Total plate count (TPC), pH, flavor, color, yeast and moulds were checked weekly. Quality changes of strawberry juice during storage can be caused both by microbiological and physiological processes. At day 0; pH 3.2, color bright 2 -1 red, excellent flavor, TPC 2.7 x 10 c...

 Javed Khan, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Naheed Akhtar, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Naila Assad**, M.Asif Masood and Irum Raza*

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON RICE MEAL MOTH, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA EGGS
... durations of immature stages of Chrysoperla carnea, feeding on Corcyra cephalonica eggs at three constant temperatures 24 ±1 ºC, 28 ±1 ºC and 32 ±1 °C were studied. The results indicated that incubation period was 4.9±0.08, 3.8±0.08 and 3.0±0.06 days at three temperatures, respectively. Developmental duration of first instar were 3.6±0.07, 3.0±0.11, 2.0±0.06 days, second instar were ...

 Naheed Akhtar, Yasmin Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel, Waseem Ahmad Gillani, Javed Khan, Tahira Yasmin and Irshad Begum*

RESISTANCE IN PEARL MILLET GERMPLASM TO GREENBUG, SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI)
...'s feeding at seedling stage. The results indicated that out of 135 pearl millet entries tested, 21 were resistant, 69 were moderately resistant and 45 were susceptible to greenbug feeding. The resistant entries were: C-591, Pak-75211, Pak- 75212, Pak-75219, Pak-75194, Pak-75227, Pak-75238 Pak-75272, Pak- 75276, WCA-78, C-47, Pak-75322, Pak-75323, Pak-75329, Pak-75331, Pak- 75334, Pak-75337, Pak-75338, Pak- 75339, Pak-75353 and Pak-75359. The entries resistant...

 Akhtar A. Siddiqui and Allah W. Rind*

EXTENSION FIELD WORKERS� PERCEPTION OF COTTON INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN SINDH PROVINCE
...ional Integrated Pest Management Programme (Nat-IPM) for cotton. The basic principle of Nat-IPM programme was to enable farmers to be self sufficient, using practices that are agro-ecological friendly. This study was carried out in four districts of Sindh province (Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Matiari, and Mirpurkhas). The sample size comprised 48 EFWs who participated in Training of Facilitators (ToF) and erecuted FFSs during 2001 and 2004. The results revealed...

 Muhammad Yaqoob*, Rukhsana Anjum, Mumtaz Hussain and Muhammad Jahangir Shah**

GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN SOME CHINESE HYBRID RICE UNDER DRY CONDITIONS
...gn: justify;">Water shortage, being a serious threat to agriculture in Pakistan can be possibly overcome through development of high yielding drought tolerant varieties. A field study was therefore, conducted to evaluate the performance of 10 hybrid rice along with two high yielding varieties under drought conditions at Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI), Bahawalpur. The experiment was designed in RCBD with three replications. The crop was maintained under mo...

 Munir Ahmad* and Asif Ali Mirani**

HEATED AIR DRYING OF GROUNDNUT
... 14% within 2.4h. On average the groundnut drying rate was 3.9% per hour, and the average efficiency of the dryer was 69%. However, typical tests indicated that the drying efficiency of the dryer can be achieved above 80% by maintaining the drying air temperature above 49°C. The cost of drying one kg of groundnut was estimated as Rs 1.45 (1.7 US cents), which was very reasonable for the groundnut growers.

...

 Ayesha Tahir, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif, Waqar Akhtar and Nadeem Akmal*

AN OVERVIEW OF TOMATO ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
...ani tomato, regional acreage comparison, country's share in tomato export and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of tomato. Pakistan's share in world tomato exports was negligible in 2000.The results of global and domestic tomato production and export trends depict that the export share in production for the world and Pakistan increased significantly since 2007. At present, Pakistan has no RCA in tomato trade as the value ...

 Muhammad Zubair Anwar, M. Azeem Khan, Ikram Saeed, Akhtar Ali*, Shafique Zahid and Abdul Majid**

SMALL FARMERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING IMPROVED FODDER AND FORAGE VARIETIES: RESULTS OF PARTICIPATORY ON FARM RESEARCH
...contribution into an average annual income of a farmer is about 40% of the total household income. Livestock feeding is a critical component of livestock management in the rainfed farming systems. The most binding constraints are: persistent nutritional stress, lack of improved fodder varieties and lack of fodder preservation techniques for lean period. To resolve this issue improved fodder varieties and for

 Asrar Ali*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Abdul Rehman***, Javed Khan, Waseem Ahmad Gillani** and Maria Rauf*

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AT VARYING TEMPERATURE ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L.
...gs, respectively. Percentage egg hatchability of the predator was significantly higher at 28±1°C. The total larval duration of predator was 9.47, 7.70 and 5.49 days, respectively. Duration of pupal period ranged between 2.21 and 4.35 days on R. padi at three temperatures. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were between 4.64 and 7.48, 24.99 and 39.93 and 4.76 and 8.09 days, respectively on R. padi. Mean predatory potential ...

 Arshad Ali, Imdad Ali Mahmood, Muhammad Salim, Muhammad Arshadullah* and Abdul Rasool Naseem**

GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT BRASSICA GENOTYPES UNDER SALINE SODIC CONDITIONS
... collected randomly (average of five plants per replication) at the time of crop maturity. Ionic concentration in plant tissues and oil content in seeds were also determined. Comparatively more number of branches and pods per plant were produced by cultivar Dunkled closely followed by BARD-I while maximum seed yield (241.7 and -1 235.1 kg ha ) was obtained from Dunkled and Sultan Raya, respectively which was statistically at par. However, BRS-II and Rainbow sh...

 Sajida Taj*, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan**, Mazher Abbas and Arshed Bashir***

PRICE SPREAD AND MARKETING MARGINS OF CUT ROSE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...olesalers-cum-commission agents and 20 retailers from main flower producing areas of Kasur and Faisalabad districts from Punjab province, the structure and marketing margins of producers and other marketing intermediaries are quantified along the existing two marketing channels for cut flowers. In the first channel the main players were producers, wholesalers-cum-commission agents, retailers and consumers. In the second chan...

 Shafique Qadir Memon*, Muhamamd Safar Mirjat, Abdul Quadir Mughal** Nadeem Amjad***, Muhammad Azhar Saeed, Shabbir Kalwar, Asif Ali Mirani and Habib Iqbal Javed****

TILLAGE AND NPK EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING MAIZE IN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...ustify;">  Tillage is a very important crop production practice which affect crop performance. An experiment was conducted during the spring crop season 2009 to compare the effect of three different tillage regimes i.e. deep, conventional and zero and four fertilizer levels viz., -1 control 100-50-50, 150-75-75 and 200-100-100 NPK kg ha . The randomized complete block design was used with three replications. There ...

 Rizwana Sultan*, Javed Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Tariq Mehmood**, Roshan Zada Khattak***, and Naheed Akhtar**

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS ISHII (TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) FEEDING ON SITOTROGA CEREALELLA EGGS AT THREE CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
...tures and five different ages of host eggs at Insect Pest Management Programme, National Agricultural Research Centre, (NARC) Islamabad. The results revealed that maximum rate of parasitism was 95.70 ± 1.94 at 28 ± 1 °C while minimum was 61.30 ± 1.70 at 32 ± 1 °C. Maximum adult emergence and female ratio from parasitized eggs were 96.30% with 59.2± 5.83 female ratio at 28 ±1 ...

 Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-din*, Syed Haider Abbas*, Maqsood Qamar* and Muhammad Noman*

EFFECT OF SPLIT N FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON PHYSIOAGRONOMIC TRAITS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...on and stem elongation stages. Maximum grain yield -1 -1 (5.20 t ha ) was achieved when N was applied @120 kg ha in three equal split doses at planting, tiller formation and stem elongation stages. N application in 2 and 3 split doses resulted in 25 - 50% grain yield advantage at all N rates as compared to single basal N dose. Split N application was -2 associated with significant increase...

 Sajida Taj*, Akhter Ali*, Nadeem Akmal*, Shujaat Yaqoob** and Mubarik Ali***

RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...griculture is water shortage which is increasing day by day and is a major challenge now a days. Therefore, water saving becomes the utmost need of the hour. The national research system is now putting their focus and efforts to manage the precious water through various modern/latest water saving models to draw some solid method of irrigation with less wastage. Raised bed planting method i...

 Waqar Akhtar*, Nadeem Akmal*, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Ayesha Tahir*

EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF PAKISTANI HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS
...vealed comparative advantage (RCA) and revealed competitive advantage indices with respect to global trade. Results demonstrate that Pakistan has comparative and competitive advantage over the period under analysis and indicates a transition from comparative and competitive disadvantage to comparative and competitive advantage

 Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*

EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
...ing and fruit set percentage, greater fruit size and weight but fruit number per plant was reduced which lowered the overall yield. While the fruit produced had more Total Soluble Solid (TSS). Plants grown in coir based growing media showed significant increase only in titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content of fruit.

...

 Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**

PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CAMEL PRODUCTS IN SEMIDESERT AND DESERT AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...ets were higher than village level prices by 74.6 % and even more in case of hair. This is an indicative of camel farmers' exploitation by the village dealers. Mean quantity of hair sales was about 20 kg per farm per annum. Camel hair are also used by the farmers for making ropes, rugs and blankets, but all these byproducts are not marketed. Shares of farmers in the consumer rupee for camel meat, milk, hides and hair were ab...

 Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar*, Sonila Hassan** and Irfan Mehmood**

INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT ARRANGEMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN THE SELECTED VILLAGES OF RAWALPINDI DISTRICT
...dent variable except the age of the farmer. Therefore it is recommended that there is a strong need to enhance easy and timely accessibility of institutional credit for all growers so that they could increase their agricultural productivity that will further lead to increase their agricultural income. It is neccessary that government should practice the credit policy to protect the interest of small and medium farmers by providing them loans on easy terms and ...

 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***

POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
... experiments and land management practices.

...

 Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Amjad* and Malik Shah Nawaz*

STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SESAME ( L.)
...dicating their below average response. For branches per plant, Sanghar-1 and S-17 had regression coefficients less than one with negative sign making them suitable only for poor environment. Four genotypes namely, Sanghar-I, S-17, PR-19-9-S, and Rattodero-1 had greater than unity and non-significant regression coefficients with high response towards better agronomic conditions and were stable due to low deviation from regression. Correlations of mean with b-va...

 Muhammad Shahzad*, Akhter Ali**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi**, Naveed Jehan*, Imran Ullah* and Majid Khan*

ASSESSMENT OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF PLUM IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
...estimated through percentage method. The most important reasons were poor harvesting methods, over maturity, insufficient cold storage facility, poor grading, low-quality packaging materials and poor infrastructure. Total post harvest losses in the marketing channel of the plum were 21.51% of which 5.12% occurred at farm level, 1.44% at wholesale level, 6.31% at retail level, and 8.64% at the consumer level. Harvesting at pr...

 Abdul Rehman Roonjho*, Waseem A. Gillani**, Awais Rasool**, Naheed Akhtar**, Tariq Mahmood**, Arsalan A.***, M. Afzal*, Iqbal Khan* , M. Asghar Ranjha**** , M. Irfan**** and Javed Khan**

REPELLENCY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS TO COTTON MEALY BUG, TINSLEY (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
...ppm dose. The lowest average repellency (26.3 %) was observed in acetone extract of at 500 ppm dose.

...

 Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****

ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
...entration at the early stage of seedlings. Phosphorous application through priming significantly improved germination up to 95%, seedling -1 vigour index up to 23.05 and protein content up to 2.17 (g FW).

...

 Khawer Jawad Ahmad*, Asif Razzaq*, Khalida Hamid Abbasi*, Muhammad Shafiq*, Muhammad Saleem** and Muhammad Arshadullah***

THYMOL AS CONTROL AGENT OF MITES (VARROA DESTRUCTOR) ON HONEYBEES (APIS MELLIFERA)
... thymol as a controlling agent -1 for bee mites. In this study thymol powder (5mg hive ) was compared with formic acid 65 % and fluvalinate (strip) as standard control measure against Varroa mite. The mite mortality rate was recorded in honeybee colonies of Apis mellifera during 2011-12 at research farm of Beekeeping and Hill Fruit Pests Research Station, Rawalpindi. Analysis of variance for different treatments indicated (F=3.64, F>P=0.15) significantly di...

 Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
...ratories, Insect Pest Management Programme, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. The results indicate that incubation period was 3.8±0.08 days with 87.0% hatchability. The developmental duration of first, second and third instar larvae were 3.2 ± 0.13, 4.0±0.21 and 4.8±0.25 days, respectively. The total larval developmental duration was 12.0 ±0.67 days w...

 Nusrat Habib*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar* and Ikram Saeed*

COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED MUNGBEAN VARIETIES AT NARC EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
... Primary data of crop management practices was collected by Pulses Programme, NARC, Islamabad. Pulses Programme, NARC, cultivated different mungbean varieties for experimental purpose to find out the comparatively best variety in terms of economic benefit. The results of the study were anticipated to provide basis for devising strategy to improve and sustain future mungbean production. The scope for increasing production through adopting drought resistance hig...

 Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*

PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...ance of five tropical forage legumes namely sesbania (Sesbania aculeata), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), rice beans (Vigna umbellata), lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) and cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) with reference to a cereal fodder reference crop of millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and their residual effects on the succeeding oat crop at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, under rainfed conditions without application of fertili...

  Abdul Hassan*, Muhammad Ishaq*, Nisar Ali Shah* and Arshad Farooq*

MILK PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...e National and World average, is far below from probable production levels. Except in buffaloes and goats where the farm level production of milk is higher than the World and sheep where the farm level production of milk of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is higher than Pakistan and World. Overall the milk production of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa can be increased upto 5.82mt by proper management and genetic improvement. More research is needed a...

 Shafique Qadir Memon*, Nadeem Amjad**, Muhammad Safar Mirjat***, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Khalil Ahmad Ibupoto***, Shabbir Ahmad Kalwar****, Asif Ali Mirani**** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed****

EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND USE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE
...ign: justify;"> Tillage is an important crop production practice which affects crop performance. It was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. An experiment was conducted during the spring and autumn crop seasons 2009-2010.The objective of the trial was to compare the effect of three different tillage regimes namely, deep tillage, conventional til...

Tanzila Kazmi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan**

FARMERS BELIEFS ABOUT INDIGENOUS FARMING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
...was conducted in the village Dagal, Rawalpindi District by using the statistical technique in which the sample of 187 farmers were drawn out of the population of 3680, to cultivate insight and beliefs regarding the indigenous farming practices and how it is related with sustainable agricultural development. During the study a mixture of qualitative techniques including interview guide(s), focus group discussions (FGDs) and case study were used. The study revea...

 Naveed Jehan*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla**, Muhammad Shahzad*, Abid Hussain**, Muhammad Zahoor*, Majid Khan* and Ahmed Bilal*

USE OF MOBILE PHONES BY FARMING COMMUNITY AND ITS IMPACT ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTIVITY
...lyzed through simple averages, correlation analysis and paired t-test. Average yield of bitter -1 gourd crop was 23569 kg acre with cell phone use of 8h per season. It is perceived that low communication cost and availability of information about wholesale market prices through SMS service and low cost calling packages will help farmers and market agents...

 Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*

IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
...s, machinery and poor management practices are accelerating environmental pollution, soil degradation, global warming, climatic change and food deterioration. Conservation agriculture offers a sustainable solution for all these problems most often. This review focuses the use of fertilizers in conservation agriculture and their impact on weed management. Weeds are major constraint in the productivity of agro-ecosystems. Fert...

 Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-Din*, Sikandar Khan Tanveer*, Maqsood Qamar* and Syed Haider Abbas*

EVALUATION OF ADVANCE WHEAT LINES FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RAINFED ENVIRONMENT
...ng reproductive growth stage. Better yield under stressful environment is the main objective while evaluating genotypes for rainfed ecologies. A field study was conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan to evaluate the agronomic traits of three advance lines (NR-397, NR-379 and NR-400) in comparison to released variety (NARC-09) under rainfed conditions during crop season 2010-2011. Crop was sown on normal (November 15) and...

 Mustaring,* I. Subagyo,** Soebarinoto** and Marsetyo*

 
GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF NEW INTRODUCED BRACHIARIA SPECIES AND LEGUME HERBS AS RUMINANT FEED IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA
...nclude plant height, tillage number, dry matter (DM) yield, in vitro digestibility and nutrient contents. Plant height and tillage number were monitored at week 4, 6 and 8 then harvested at week 8. Results revealed that the Brachiaria mutica (8 weeks old) had highest plant height (207 cm), but lowest tillage number (64), crude protein (CP) content (8.64%), in vitro organic matter (OM) dige...

 Farman Ullah Shah*, G. Mustafa Sajid** and Sadar Uddin Siddiqui**

EVALUATION OF MULCHING MATERIALS AS INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT COMPONENT IN MAIZE CROP
...rious mulches in weed management led to check the efficacy of various available mulches for suppressing weeds in maize crop at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad during kharif (autumn) season 2011. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design, (RBCD) having eight treatments and four replications. The treatments were black plastic, white plastic, sugarcane straw, wheat straw, live mulch, weeds as mulch, hand weeding and weedy...

 Asghar Ali*, Muhammad Tahir**, Shahid Riaz Malik* and Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*

EVALUATION OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.)
...ective method of weed management. A field study was conducted to evaluate pre and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in lentil. The experiment comprised eight treatments including three herbicides, manual weeding and check (no weeding). The yield was higher in manual weeding but in herbicide treatments Isoproturon as pre-emergence @ 2 kg -1 ha produced statistically at par grain yield to that of manual weeding -1 followed by Isoproturon after one month...

 Nazir Ahmad*, Sultan Ayaz*, Sumaira Shams**, Karimullah*** and Riaz Ahmad****

PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF FISH FROM RIVER SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...ong these Schizothorax plageostomus fish 93.04% (107/115), Schizothorax labiatus 61.11% (33/54), Salmo trutta fario 17.85% (05/28), Gara gotyla 0% (0/09), Rita rita 0% (0/25) and Oncorhynchus mykiss were 0% ( 0/19). The intensity of the parasite varied from 1% to 9.2%. Among them high intensity was noted in Rhabdochona schizothoracis (9.2%) and Schizothorax labiatus.

...

 Saima Rani*, Hassnain Shah*, Umar Farooq** and Bushra Rehman**

SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
... 1974-75 to 2010-11. Acreage response results revealed that farm harvest prices, lagged area and good moisture availability at sowing time positively influence the area allocation decision of the farmers. But yield for mung and fertilizers price for both pulses were insignificant factors in influencing the farmers' decision to allocate land. Production of pluses mainly depends on area under the crop. Pulses area under irrigated conditions and sowing season rai...

 Rehmat Ullah*, Kalim Ullah** and Mohammad Zafarullah Khan*

EXTENSION SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) IN DISTRICT DERA ISMAIL KHAN
... selected from these villages. Agriculture was the major profession of the farmers (80.3%). It was found that 62.7% of the respondents were never visited by the extension workers while 60.7% of the respondents never attended any meeting with field staff or Agriculture Officers. A single field day was organized by extension workers almost two years ago in the studied area attended by only 41% of the respondents. About 72% of the selected respondents were aware ...

 Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Nouman Badar*

YIELD GAP DETERMINANTS FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN MAJOR IRRIGATED CROPPING ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...number of irrigations, usage of farm yard manure and fertilizers contribute positively and significantly to wheat crop production. Coefficients of dummy variables for cropping zones indicate that farmers in the mixed cropping zone are obtaining better yield of the wheat crop as compared to their counterparts in other selected cropping zones. These results suggested that farmers can increase wheat productivity by increasing the use of factor inputs; however, po...

 Sajid Ali*, Quratulain Altaf** and Umar Farooq* 

ACREAGE RESPONSE OF FLUE CURED VIRGINIA TOBACCO IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...udy investigates the acreage response of Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco to its own price and area under maize crop in three major FCV producing districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e., Swabi, Mardan, and Charsadda. Data used in the study cover time series data for 1971-2011. The newly developed Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for cointegration was used to estimate the short-run and long-run elasticities. The study found a long-run price elasticity...

 Samiullah*, Mehmood Shah*, Kalim Ullah**, Rehmat Ullah*** and Ibrarullah****

PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN DERA ISMAIL KHAN
... was employed and 11 villages were selected at random which are the major wheat producing villages in the said district. A total of 50 respondents were probed by personal interview method from the sampled villages. Cost and return (gross return) data from the respondents were analyzed. Farm budgeting technique for estimating cost, gross return and profitability was applied. The analysis of...

 Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam* 

EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
...orporated in the pest management programmes.

...

 Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar* 

LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...ar region. The inter-linkage of livelihood assets and poverty is determined by employing poverty score card technique. The poverty status of household was highly correlated with the livelihood sources (P<0.01), water availability for irrigation(P<0.10) and tenancy status (P<0.05). The results regarding poverty revealed that 2.50% of the sampled households were chronically poor, 5.0% transitory poor, 37.5% transitory vulnerable, 32.5% transitory non- p...

 Rashid Minhas*, Iftikhar Ahmad Khan**, Faisal Saeed Awan**, Lal Hussain Akhtar*, Syed Awais Sajid Shah* and M. Shahjhan Bukhari* 

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND HYBRID IDENTIFICATION IN AMERICAN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) BY PCR BASED RAPD ANALYSIS
...ranged from 4 to 12. Average number of 6.40 bands per primer was observed. On the whole, 87.50% genetic identity was found in material under investigation and it ranged from 68.07% to 96.88%. The polymorphism detected among the genotypes was employed as marker for hybrid identification. Comparing the banding patterns of RAPD of the parents with their particular hybrids, true hybrids were identified by six primers namely GLA-7, GLA-8, GLA-15, GLA-19, GLD-3 and ...

 Munir Ahmad*, Asif Ali Mirani**, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood**, Tanveer Ahmad** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed**

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CROSS-FLOW RICE DRYERS
...tively. However, the average air flow rate was 6.24 and 3 -1 2.60 m s of gas-fired and rice husk-fired cross-flow dryers, respectively. -1 The drying rate of gas-fired dryer was 2.0 percentage point h , whereas the -1 drying rate of rice husk-fired dryer was 1.0 percentage point h . The drying costs of gas-fired and rice husk-fired dryers were about Rs. 0.21 and 0.16 -1 kg . The overall pe...

 Muhammad Tahir*, Muhammad Irfan* and Aziz-Ur-Rehman*

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENTS OF FLAX
... after capsule filling stage of flax. Zinc was used as a source of ZnSO . All the zinc treatments significantly improved plant height, stem 4 -1 length, fruiting zone length, fruiting branches, number of capsule plant , -1 number of seed capsule , 1000-seed weight, straw yield, seed yield, and seed oil contents compared to control. Therefore, for producing a higher seed yield and oil contents of flax, it is suggested that 3.00% zinc at bud initiation and after...

 Gul Zamin Khan*, Imtiaz Ali Khan**, Inamullah Khan* and Mian Inayatullah**

OUTDOOR BREEDING OF MOSQUITO SPECIES AND ITS POTENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...ls, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year with their most active season during May, September and October. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were: Peshawar (32.3), Nowshera (18.8), Mardan (20.3) and Charsadda (21.0). Higher numbers of...

 Farrukh Saleem*, Babar Hilal Ahmad*, Saleem Zahid* and Bilal Kabeer*

COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS NAKED NECK AND NAKED NECK CROSSBRED LAYER CHICKENS
...of 72 birds (16 weeks of age) comprising 30 females and 6 males of each breed were divided into six experimental units / replicates (10 females and 2 male / replicate). Separate breeding pen were allotted to each replicate. The birds were fed ad-libitum. The data on body weight, feed consumption, daily egg production, egg weight, egg shell thickness and mortality were recorded. Naked Neck Crossbred (NNC) layers exhibited relatively less body weight (1461g) at ...

 ZafarUllah*, Muhammad Azim Malik*, Muhammad Ansar*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz* and Muhammad Rasheed*

WINTER FORAGE QUALITY OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA), BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE) AND VETCH (VICIA SATIVA) IN PURE STAND AND CEREAL LEGUME MIXTURE
...istan to evaluate the forage quality of oats, barley and vetch grown in pure stands and cereallegume mixtures. Treatments comprised oats pure stand, oats in oatsvetch mixture, barley pure stand, barley in barley-vetch mixture, vetch pure stand, vetch in oats-vetch mixture and vetch in barley-vetch mixture. Forage yield and quality of oats and barley were improved in oats-vetch and barley-vetch mixtures than their respective ...

 Nosheen Zahra*, Ghulam Sarwar* and Sher Muhammad**

COMPARISON OF GYPSUM AND POTASSIUM SILICATE FOR RECLAMATION OF SALINE SODIC SOIL
...changeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soil. All the amendments when used alone or in combination with each other improved the chemical parameters of soil. All levels of gypsum (100%, 75% and 50% G.R) proved effective in lowering pH, EC, SAR and ESP of saline sodic soil. Similar trend was observed with the use of all levels of potassium -1 silicate (225, 150 and 75mg kg soil) of soil. Combinations of gypsum and potassium silicate also remained better in this re...

 Usman Shakoor*, Abdul Saboor*, Irfan Baig*, Anila Afzal** and Abdul Rahman***

CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACTS ON RICE CROP PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...mperature would be advantageous towards rice production. Variation in mean minimum temperature brought about seven percent increase in rice productivity as shown by Variance Decomposition. Mean precipitation and mean temperature would increase rice production but simulations scenarios for 2030 confirmed that much increase in rainfall and mean temperature in long run will negatively affect rice production in future. It is therefore important to follow adequate ...

 Muhammad Aamir Khan*, Abdul Saboor*, Rauf-i-Azam**, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin* and Fayyaz-ul-Hassan***

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN
...l household types, who guage most of their income from agricultural business. Trade policy must be pursued keeping derivation and distributional narration in view. 

...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Raheel Babar*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASS OF HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS WITH IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...The digestibility percentage of dry matter intake (DMI) varied among the treatments ranging from 68.25% to 41.66%. Mixtures of low palatable grass and Ipil ipil were in general more digestible with more than 65% dry matter digestibility. The lowest digestibility of dry matter (41.66%) was observed in HC 100%. A similar trend was noted for CP digestibility. However, reverse trend was observed in digestibility of CF where highest digestibility was recorded in HC...

 Muhammad Shahzad*, Ayesha Tahir**, Naveed Jehan*** and Muhammad Luqman*

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES ON POSTHARVEST LOSSES OF STONE FRUITS IN SWAT PAKISTAN
...estimated through percentage method while partial losses were estimated at the wholesale and retail level by price differential method. Multiple regression analysis was employed to find relation between post-harvest losses and different factors at three different stages. Findings of the study revealed the channel of cardboard box technology accounted for post-harvest losses of 10.49% while at farm level, losses were 2.90%, a...

 Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan* 

WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
...pickers' showed mean average age was 33 years and had 2.4 years of formal schooling and 10 years of cotton picking experience. The main reasons for cotton picking reported were to reduce family financial burden (30%) followed by better access to food and resource (23%) and better education of children (21%). Majority of the respondents (97.33%) reported that the mode of payments of cotton picking was in cash and the most of ...

 Arshed Bashir*, Fatima Ahmad**, Irfan Mehmood*, Muhammad Qasim*, Mazher Abbas* and Sonila Hassan*

ECONOMICS OF RED MEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...d by buffaloes. The mean age, sale price and live weight of sold buffaloes was 2.8 years, Rs. 64963.8 and 157 kg, respectively whereas for cows the mean age was 3 years with average sale price of Rs. 65722.1 per cow and live weight of 210 kg. The cost of production of meat animals (buffaloes and cows) was higher in commercial farms (Rs. 67820.2 and Rs. 62773.5, respectively). However, prod...

 Syeda Aimen Hadi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan***

PERCEPTION, APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMING AND DEVELOPMENT: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
...s carried out in the villages of Ghora Gali and Aruka through qualitative and quantitative methods. Sustainable development in Pakistan thus needs to be reinvented in the local perspective considering approaches and practices and, eradicating the alien chains of development completely.

...

 Muhammad Akhter*, Muhammad Azhar Ali**, Zulqarnain Haider* and Shahzad Muzammil***

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN GRAINS OF SOME ADVANCE LINES/ VARIETIES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AFTER PARBOILING
...sults clearly showed average increase in mineral contents in terms of ash% increase, dry matter, longer cooked grain length and considerable rise in vitamin B6 contents, higher total milling recovery and head rice recovery in almost all the samples. While crude fiber, crude protein and crude fat decreased non-significantly. Furthermore, quality reducing factors such as number of broken grains, bursting and curling percentage...

 Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**

SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
... up to six months of storage period.

...

 Anum Fatima*, Saleem Abid* and Sobia Naheed* 

TRENDS IN WHOLESALE PRICES OF ONION AND POTATO IN MAJOR MARKETS OF PAKISTAN: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
...es data about annual average wholesale prices of onion and potato were collected from 1981-82 to 2011-2012. Major findings of the study revealed that wholesale prices of onion and potato were increased with time. Results revealed that wholesale prices of onion in major markets namely Lahore, Hyderabad, Peshawar and Quetta were increased @ 8.97%, 8.82%, 8.53% and 8.88% per annum, respectively. Similarly, those of potato were increased @ 8.42%, in Lahore; 7.73%,...

Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...can be used as antiviral agent to clean or disinfect some non-living surfaces against different viruses in general and NDV in particular. However, in-vivo use of GZ-08™ in poultry against NDV is recommended only as pre-treatment with ND vaccines as it significantly reduced morbidity and mortality as compared to the use of vaccines alone. However, further work is recommended in future on GZ-08™ for its use as post-treatment of ND as well as on other...

 Muhammad Asif Jamil*, Nowshad Khan*, FarhatUllah Khan* and Muhammad Zakria*

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION TO THE FARMING COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT BHIMBER, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
...mpling as well as multistage sampling method was used to collect the data from the study area. The overall data consists of 150 farmers. The study revealed that respondent's acquaintance with extension staff was very low as only 18.00% of the respondents had personal acquaintance with the extension staff and 12.67% of them knew extension staff through their neighbour, while 38% of respondents from their friends. The farmers who knew extension staff through rel...

 Sameera Arshad*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Maqsood Anwar* and Sarwat Naz Mirza*

HABITAT SURVEY FOR RECOGNIZING BIRD ATTRACTANTS AROUND BENAZIR BHUTTO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...nto off airfield bird management programme for monitoring bird activity and land use practices around the airfield.

...

 Amjad Pervez*, Syed Muzaffar Ahmed*, Akhlaq Ahmad** and Qazi Mehmood Ali**

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FOOD GRAINS AS BAITS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYSTRIX INDICA
... as bait base for its management. Six locally available food grains viz., wheat, rice, maize, black gram, sorghum and millet were offered in whole/crack form. Under no choice and choice tests, rice was the most preferred food, followed by wheat, maize and others. The present study suggested that rice in whole or cracked form alone or in combination with wheat can be applied as very palatable (32% and 27%, respectively) and cost effective grain as bait base for...

 Quratulain*, Muhammad Aslam**, Muhammad Khalid Rafique*, Mian Atiq Ahmad* and Rashid Mahmood***

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ROSE APHID MACROSIPHUM ROSAE L. ON DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF ROSA INDICA L. IN PAKISTAN
...phid attack. Maximum average number of aphid nymph, winged and wingeless adults on leaves, buds and flowers were 11.11, 4.97 and 10.13, respectively observed on Perfecta variety

...

 Junaid Alvi*, Ijaz Ashraf*, Khalid Mehmood Ch*, Muhammad Iftikhar* and Saleem Ashraf**

IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK IN UPLIFTING RURAL LIVELIHOOD
...ocation specific best management practices, training on livestock management and market aspects. Essential veterinary services enabling the livestock extension should be disseminated on the door step to boost productivity.

...

 Nouman Badar*, Hina Fatima**, Abdul Jabbar*** and Muhammad Asif*

MAJOR FOOD CROPS PRODUCTION AND YIELD FORECAST IN PAKISTAN
...ve Integrated Moving Average” (ARIMA) model and data from 1948 to 2011. The data was obtained from Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Islamabad and various Economic Surveys of Pakistan. The result predicts that wheat (production and yield) forecast for 2029-30 to be -1 about 37188 thousand tons and 3454 kg ha , respectively. The rice (production -1 and yield) forecast for 2029-30 will be about 7176 thousand tons and 2630 kg ha , respectively. The maize (p...

 Sobia Naheed*, Irum Raza*, M. Zubair Anwar*, Nusrat Habib*, Naheed Zahra* and Sabeen Siddiqui*

FORECASTING AREA AND PRODUCTION OF BARLEY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...D), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean squared deviation (MSD). The values of these

measures were lowest for the double exponential smoothing method, therefore, this method was selected for predicting barley production and area in Punjab from 2012 to 2016. Five years forecast for barley area in Punjab was 26.140,
25.360, 24.580, 23.800, 23.020 ha and forecast of barley production in Punjab was 24.620, 23.950, 23.270, 2...

 Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*, Ayesha Tahir**, Irum Raza* Saleem Abid* and Muhammad Nisar Khan*

TREND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF WHEAT AND RICE IN PAKISTAN
... of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) have been acquired and then the forecasting was made for the best fitted model with minimum error. Five year average prices for the individual crop(s) were also calculated to observe the past trend. The study demonstrates that for wheat and rice (Basmati and IRRI); S-Curve model is recommended for forecasting price. The ...

 Muhammad Mohsin Raza*, Muhammad Aslam Khan*, Irfan Ahmad**, Ali Ahsan Bajwa***, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam*, Badar Ahsan Ullah****, and Kashif Riaz*

FOREST PATHOGENS AND DISEASES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE -A REVIEW
...and modern scientific management strategies like monitoring, modeling prediction, risk rating, planning, genetic diversity and facilitated migration, genetic protection and breeding for disease resistance and relating results to forest policy, planning as well as decision making, the suspicions innate to climate change effects can be minimized.

...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Umme Rubab* and Abass Ullah Jan* 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF MAIZE FARMERS IN AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
...ier Analysis in four villages of Muzaffarabad district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. The proportional sampling allocation sampling technique was adopted to collect primary data from 80 sampled respondents in 2013-14. The maximum likelihood estimates of major inputs showed that seed, tractor hours, FYM and labor days have contributed significantly to increase the maize yield. However, the DAP and urea have shown no effect on maize yield. The mean tec...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Muhammad Nasrullah* and Noor P. Khan** 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO GROWERS IN DISTRICT MARDAN, PAKISTAN
... population of three villages namely Takkar Kali, Garo Shah and Passand Kali of Takhtbhai Tehsil, Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to obtain the desired sample size of 120 tobacco growers. The major findings of stochastic production frontier analysis indicate that all variables were statistically significant and have portrayed positive contribution to tobacco pro...

 Ali Raza Shah**, Muhammad Saffar Mirjat**, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Inayatullah Rajper** and Asif Ali Mirani****

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL*
...ormance of different tillage systems in a clay loam soil. A completely randomized block design with four treatments i.e., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), zero tillage (ZT) and controlled traffic farming (CTF) was carried out to evaluate the performance of tillage systems. Results indicated that the soi...

 Raja Zoq-ul-Arfeen*, Aamir Saleem*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Muhammad Akmal**, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab* and Obaid Afzal***

BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM RIPARIAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TAUNSA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND KETI SHAH FORESTS
...s study is useful for management of the area in the future as conservation strategies can be made through considering the adaptive tree species in future plantation and endangered species can be conserved.

...

 Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai*, Amer Mumtaz*, Saeeda Raza* and Shahzada Arshad Saleem** 

MICROBIAL COUNT AND SHELF LIFE OF PHALSA (GREWIA ASIATICA) JUICE
... after 2 weeks -1 -1 storage. Total plate count also showed decline from 6.2×10 to 3.2 x 10 -1 cfuml whereas yeast and mould counts increased simultaneously from -1 -1 -1 -1 2.6×10 and nil to 5.5x10 and 2.4x10 cfuml , respectively during the storage. To increase shelf life of phalsa juice storage at refrigerated temperature with/without preservatives is recommended. 

...

 Anwar Hussain* and Muhammad Rahman**

ROLE OF TRAININGS ON FARMERS' PROFITABILITY OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA
...e of 100 respondents, engaged in MAPs in Chail Valley Madyan was taken. Information about revenue from MAPs, marketing, prices and quantities was collected through a structured questionnaire. The respondents were given training under Swiss Development Cooperation Project at the time of collection, harvesting, cleaning, drying, packing and marketing of MAPs. The overall findings revealed that the training had positive impact on farmers' revenue. If standardized...

 Ahmed Fatima*

INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...g the poor for non-farm wage earners, farm wage earners, non-farm self-employed and the crop cultivators in the nine agro-climatic zones of rural Pakistan was also carried out. The relationship between incidence of poverty and non-farm activities is ambivalent with non-farm households being better off in regions that are less fertile. The incidence of poverty was highest amongst farm wage ...

 Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...(NRSP), On-Farm Water Management (OFWM), Water Management (WM), Potohar Organization for Development Advocacy (PODA), Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) and Environmental Sciences actively participated in the professional training. The post-training assessment showed that it had positive impact on the awareness of professionals. Majority of the participants were strongly and merely agreed upon the training practicality, technolog...

 Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**

CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
...e years. However, on average, grain yield of direct seeded rice and subsequent wheat was significantly superior (22 % and 19%, -1 respectively) than that of higher P O application (120 kg ha ) without crop 2 5 residues incorporation. As a whole, constant two years crop residues incorporation further improved the paddy yield (9%) during the following years of crop harvesting. Economic analysis of both the crops was carried out to see the best treatment with suf...

 Azhar Usman Ali*, Ghulam Sarwar*, Muhammad Aftab* and Sher Muhammad**

EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLIED COPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
... 4.60, saturation percentage = 29 % and sandy clay loam) was collected, brought to -1 green house and filled in the pots @ 6.5 kg pot . All these pots were irrigated to achieve uniform soil column. This experiment comprised 5 treatments viz., -1 -1 control, soil application of copper @ 2 mg kg (level 1), @ 4 mg kg (level 2), foliar application of copper @ 1% solution (level 1) and @ 2% solution (level 2). These treatments were replicated thrice. All the pots w...

  Sohaib Arshad*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar** and Maqbool Shahbaz**

DETERMINATION OF FORAGE QUALITY OF INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC RHODES GRASS ACCESSIONS UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...grasses as fodder and forage is the most important source of nutrition for cattle as it provides them with metabolizable energy, carbohydrates, proteins and other important minerals. As global warming is increasing, overall water scarcity is resulting in deterioration of natural resources, and it is need of the hour to find fodder crop resources which are more accustomed to change climatic conditions. Hence, different exotic and indigenous varieties of Rhodes ...

Salar Khan Yousafzai*, Shah Masaud Khan*, Khalil ur Rehman**, Junaid Khan*, Sher Aslam Khan*, Ijaz Hussain* and Ishrat Naz***

RESPONSE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MINGORA, SWAT
...of plant survival percentage (98.33%), days to flowering -1 -1 (40.73), number of flowers plant (6.23), number of fruit plant (25.67), fruit -1 3 weight (8.84 kg), number of leaves plant (83.66), fruit size (64.70 cm ) and total -1 yield (25.67 t ha ) in Farm Yard Manure (FYM). Considering the overall performance, it was found that the tomato cultivar Rio Grand was promising for yield and other characters whereFYM was applied.

...

 Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***

SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
... because it has an advantage that estimated parameter can easily be explained as expendi-tures elasticity. This model is used to give details of responses in socioeconomic factors to monthly household food expenditures. Regression analysis showed that 23 % of the changes in the food expenditures were due to explanatory variables. Household incomes, marital status of household head and number of earners variables have significant impact on households' food expe...

 Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****

FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...duction technologies package and improved seed to groundnut growers may enhance the productivity and area under this crop.

...

 Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*

MARKETING SYSTEM OF LIVE CAMELS IN THE DESERT ECOLOGIES OF PAKISTAN
...camel farmers. On an average two camels per farm mainly to meet urgent family cash needs. Mean ages of adult males, milking and non-milking females, male and female young stocks at the time of sale were 8.3, 10.8, 12.3, 1.8 and 2.3 years, respectively, with average sale prices of Rs.102523, Rs.84643, Rs.57800, Rs.43215 and Rs.45833, respectively. The camel markets are generally located far...

 S. Talat Gilani*, Shahid Hameed* and Hussain Shah* 

OCCURANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF POTY VIRUSES INFECTING GARLIC IN PAKISTAN
...nces although the percentage incidence varied from location to location. Few areas of district Punjab were found free of LYSV but OYDV was prevalent in all locations irrespective of the varieties cultivated. Maximum disease incidence was detected in Swabi (KPK) where OYDV was 90% and LYSV was 38% while in Punjab major disease incidence of OYDV (87.14%) and LYSV (91.44%) was found in Sialkot.

...

 Muhammad Tahir* and Nawal Zafar* 

FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF RABI CEREALS SOWN ALONE AND IN BLENDED POPULATION AT VARIABLE SEED RATIOS
... weight plant , green forage yield and dry matter yield were obtained in plots where barley was sown alone at 100% seed ratio. The highest crude fiber and total ash percentage was observed in plots where oat was sown alone at 100% seed ratio and crude protein percentage was highest when oat was blended together with barley at 75% + 25% seed ratios.

...

Samina Qamer*, Iram Nasir**, Um-Habiba Zafar**, Salma Sultana** and Tayyaba Sultana**

BIO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF HONEY PRODUCED BY APIS MELLIFERA HONEYBEE COLLECTED FROM JHANG, BAHAWALPUR, MULTAN, JHELUM AND KALAR KAHAR AREAS
...missible limits. The average moisture contents were 18.30%, 18.35%, 17.66%,16.27% and 18.7% from Jhang, Bahawalpur, KalarKahar, Multanand, and Jhelum, respectively. Similarly, the pH 4.26, 4.50, 3.91, 3.72 and 3.33; electrical conductivity, 204.67mScm-1 ,137.8 mScm-1 , 202.62mScm-1 ,277.33mScm-1 and 196.96mScm -1;free acidity 25.80 meqkg -1, 26.16 meqkg-1 , 24.97 meqkg -1, 30.25 meqkg , 25.4 meqkg -1; lactone 8.17 meqkg -1, 6.52 meqkg-1 , 6.68 meqkg -1, 5 meqk...

 Farid Asif Shaheen*, Sadia Parveen*, Ahmed Zia**, Ghulam Qadir*,
Mureed Husain*** and Rifat Ullah Khan****

PREDATORY APTNESS OF ANTS AGAINST RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (TENEBRIONIDAE: COLEOPTERA) IN WHEAT FLOUR
...against different life stages of RFB. Results showed D. labiatus of forest habitat as an efficient pupal predator that consumed 91.66% pupae of RFB. It was significantly different from non-forest ant population and control with 73.33% and 11.66% pupal predation, respectively. C. rufipes from forest habitat showed maximum adult predation (25%), which was significantly higher than non-forest ant population and control jar with 15% and 3.33% adult predation, resp...

 Waqar Akhtar*, Muhammad Sharif**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla*** and Muhammad Azeem Khan*

COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...strong comparative advantage under importable scenario. The above results implied that Central Punjab has greater economic efficiency than Southern Punjab in domestic resources use for production of tomato as import substitute commodity. Results of Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) and Effective Protection Coefficient (EPC) indicated that combine effects of policies on output and tradable input market did not pass any protection to tomato farmers in the stu...

 Ghulam Sadiq Afridi*, Abdul Saboor**, Zahoor-ul-Haq***, Sultan Ali
Tariq**** and Muhammad Ishaq*****

EXPLORING POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PAKISTAN'S COTTON EXPORT
...vealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and gravity model approach was employed considering country and time specific fixed effect. The RCA index revealed that cotton sub-sectors have competitive advantage in export and there is gradual gain in the competitiveness with time. The opportunity exists in the markets of low, lower-middle and uppermiddle income countries and countries those have fair trade (low tariff and nontari...

 Sidra Majeed*, Mubbashira Nazir*, Sumia Bint Zaman * and Waqas Farooq*

POTENTIAL OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW
...s are reluctant to encourage sugar beet cultivation due to some technical barrier. Beet growing experiment at different sites of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Sindh have revealed encouraging results.

...

 Abdul Razaq*, Muhammad Jamal Khan*, Tahir Sarwar* and Mohammad Jamal Khan**

EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION, SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WHEAT YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE
...d on the basis of 50% Management Allowed Deficit (MAD). Results indicated that sowing methods, mulching and various levels of deficit irrigation significantly (P<0.05) affected wheat yield and nitrogen uptake. Raised beds cultivation produced higher number of tillers m (415), grain yield (5.13 t ha ), biological yield (12.02 t ha ) and total nitrogen uptake (141.7 kg ha ) as compared to the traditional flat bed. Similarly, mulch plots resulted in higher til...

 Inayat-Ur-Rahman*, Shamsher Ali**, Mukhtar Alam*, Mohammad Adnan*, Hidayat ullah*, Muhammad Faisal Anwar Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shah* Mohammad Ibrahim*

EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF OKRA ( L.)
... unprimed seeds. Priming agents, its osmotic potential and duration significantly affected germination percentage, which increased as osmotic potential lowered from 0 to -1.2 Mpa while further lowering osmotic potential to -1.6 Mpa and below adversely affected germination. Similarly, germination percentage significantly enhanced as priming duration increased from 6h to 12h but further incr...

 Dilawar Khan*, Abid Saeed*, Junaid Ahmad*, Imtiaz Qamar**, Fazal Yazdan**, Saleem ud Din** and Muhammad Tariq**

ASSESSMENT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN DHRABI WATERSHED AND CHAKWAL REGION IN PAKISTAN
...rid environment where forage for rearing of livestock and food for human being is the better option for that land use systems. Dhrabi watershed is one of the areas where, there is a high potential for forage and livestock production. The analysis includes assessment and role of this riparian vegetation which is very helpful for integrated watershed management in different watershed areas. ...

 Ishaq Ahmad*, Abdul Rehman**, Ehsan –Ul- Haq*** and Arif Mahmood****

RESISTANCE RESPONSE OF RICE ( L.) GERMPLASM AGAINST RICE LEAF FOLDER ( G.) UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITION IN PAKISTAN
...usceptible check. The damage results revealed that one genotype PK-8893-4-1-3-1 was moderately resistant, seven genotypes were moderately susceptible, eleven genotypes found susceptible and seven genotypes were highly susceptible. The present study will facilitate the breeders in the development of leaf folder resistant varieties in future.

...

 Saleem Abid*, Anum Fatima*, Sobia Naheed*, Asrar Sarwar** and Muhammad Nisar Khan*

DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL FORECASTING MODEL FOR DATES PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...are mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean squared deviation (MSD). Double exponential trend was located to be best fitted model among other five models (linear trend, quadratic trend , exponential growth , s-curve and moving average) for estimating predicted values of area and production of dates for upcoming seven years. The estimated values of area and production represent increasing...

 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Tanveer Ahmad*, Zulfiqar Ali*, Munir Ahmad** and Nadeem Amjad***

FIELD EVALUATION OF A WHEAT STRAW CHOPPER
...rating this machine. Average operating speed of chopper was 2.7 km h . Average effective field capacity of chopper was 0.40 ha h and field efficiency was 67.9%. Amount of chaff recovered was 2404 kg ha and chaff recovery from straw was 61.1%. The operating cost of chopper setup was Rs. 5,262 ha . Total worth of recovered chaff was Rs. 24042 ha (@ Rs. 10 kg ). Net gain in terms of recovered wheat straw was Rs. 18780 ha . The ...

 Ummad-ud-Din Umar*, Muhammad Aslam Khan**, *Ateeq-urRehman*, Abdul Hannan***, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi*, Azhar Ali Khan****, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar****

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF POTATO LEAF ROLL VIRUS DISEASE PREDICTION MODEL BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
...l can be used for the management of PLRV in this region.

...

  Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***

ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
...mass depends upon the management practices, climate and response of different species.

...

 Muhammad Bilal*, Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Muhammad Aslam*, Muhammad Ijaz****, Adnan Shakeel***, Mushtaq Ahmad*** and Kashif Bashir*****

RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT COTTON ( L.) GENOTYPES AT VARIOUS SALINITY LEVELS
...l varieties. Maximum average weight of cotton boll was recorded in control practice as compared to salinity gradient treatments. Sodium (Na ), Potassium (K ) and Chloride (Cl ) contents in leaf sap were present more in salinity gradient treatment cotton genotypes as compared to farmer practice. Overall, findings revealed that higher to lower salinity levels did not suit to tested varieties. At optimum salinity stress level, all varieties performed optimally un...

 Muhammad Tahir* and Neelam Yasin*

EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE
... ha at stem elongation stage of maize. All micronutrients treatments significantly improved plant height, cob length, number of grains rows cob , cob weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain protein and grain oil contents. However, micronutrients application at stem elongation stage showed non-significant effect on plant papulation and number of cobs plant . Therefore, for attaining maxi...

Mehwish Kiran*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Kashif Waseem*
and Muhammad Sohail**

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH ( L)
...mud (PrM) @ 20 t ha , sewage sludge (SS) @ 20 t ha and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) @ 120-65-100 kg ha . Data on leaf plant , leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight plant (g), dry leaf weight plant (g), root length (cm), root diameter (cm), fresh root weight plant (g), dry root weight plant (g), total biomass plant (g), root yield pot (g) and root yield (t ha ) were recorded and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that all growth attributes and ...

 Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**

AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...with interface to send image of crop related diseases. The desktop application consisted of an image analyzer that received images from web application and processes them to identify crop disease. The proposed platform was evaluated in collaboration with researchers from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad by employing walkthrough and survey with farmers and agriculturi...

 Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****

NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...tion on farmers' risk management adoption decisions keeping in view the potential correlation between these risk management adoption decisions. Bivariate and multinomial probit models are used to assess the impact of access to information on farmers' risk management adoption decisions using data collected from 330 randomly selected respondents from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Prov...

 Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********

SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...rolled because of bad management practices, lack of awareness and close contact of farmers with their livestock in Pakistan. Where the socio-economic conditions of rural population does not allow test and slaughter policy, therefore, mass vaccination is recommended to control brucellosis through local government support.

...

 Nusrat Habib*

RELATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER IN DISTRICT SWABI AND MARDAN
...zed in SPSS (Special Package for Social Scientists) software. Estimated results revealed that there was a key difference among target three crops profitability such as revenue per crop day of tobacco, sugarcane and sunflower were rupees 285.61, rupees 158 .93 and rupees 82.64 respectively. On the whole tobacco and sugarcane both of these crops were more profitable for the farmers. As study results showed that outputinput ratio of tobacco were 3.09 followed by ...

 

Shakir Ullah*, Aish Muhammad*, Iqbal Hussian*, Hafeez-Ur-Rahman**, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder***, Muhammad Din**** and Nizamud Din

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN APRICOT CULTIVARS GROWN IN GILGIT BALTISTAN PAKISTAN
...fruit, weight and percentage of moisture (r =
0.336 and 0.272). Significant correlation was found between fruit weight,
percentage of moisture (r = 0.681) shape of stone (r = 0.067). The result of
this study may be useful for identification and morphological variations of
apricot in Pakistan.
...

 Ehsanullah*, Muhammad Amjad Shahzad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Ali Zohaib*, Muhammad Ishfaq* and Ejaz Ahmad Warraich*

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS AND PLANTING DENSITIES ON GROWTH, YIELD, FIBER QUALITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICACY OF COTTON
...41.1) per plant, and average boll weight (3.0 g) of cotton. However, highest seed cotton yield (2944.5 kg ha ) was obtained by flat sowing on 25 cm apart rows owing to highest planting density per unit area. Maximum ginning out turn (GOT) (41.6%) was noticed in pit planting of cotton, while, fiber quality was not affected significantly by sowing methods. Economic analysis showed that economic returns and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (1.52) was elevated by flat sow...

 Tassadduq Rasool*, Ali Zohaib*, Ehsanullah*, Riaz Ahmad*, Tasawer Abbas*, Tahira Tabassum*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan*

FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN PEARL MILLET-SESBANIA INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER VARIOUS GEOMETRICAL PATTERNS
... of cereal and legume forages following proper planting geometry is an important strategy to achieve higher yield of quality forage. A field experiment was performed to evaluate agroqualitative response of forage pearl millet sown as a base crop and sesbania as intercrop under different geometrical patterns (line sowing of sole pearl millet, line sowing of sole sesbania, cross planting of ...

Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz*** 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...cant association between age, education, land holding, and tenancy status of the respondents and their participation in various activities being carried out under MFSCs. It is recommended that relatively young, educated, big and owner farmers may be given priority for registration in MFSCs so that they could avail full benefits of MFSCs through active participation.

...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
... Pakistan.
...
Wazha Mugabe1,3,Gaolebale Segolame Mpapho1, John Kamau1, Wameotsile Mahabile2, Shalaulani James Nsoso1, Kealeboga Dipheko1 and Assar Ali Shah3,*
...that farmers milking average three goats constituted the highest (47%) share, and the majority (46%) of them had a daily yield of 1-2 L/day followed by those yielding <1L/day (40%). A significantly (P<0.05) high (62%) proportion of farmers adopted a 3-4 months lactation period while longer lactation periods (>4 months) were the least adopted at 4%. A significantly (P<0.05) high proportion (58%) of the farmers were not informed on mastitis nor its m...
Yanling Xia1,2, Heping Li2, Yuntao Liang2, Jichen Zhao2, Binshan Lu2 and Di Liu1,*
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...es retention in zero tillage (ZT) system is a highly resourceful mean of managing nitrogenous fertilizers and optimizing the nitrogen (N) use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality in wheat-cotton system. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to explore N management practices for ZT cotton grown into standing wheat straw. The trial wa...

Anza Zahid*, Muhammad Ali Ayub, Mujtaba Saeed, Nasir Pasha, Abdul Jabbar Dar, Huzaifa Javed, Aimen Shakeel, Amna Nasir, Ana Akbar, Zainab Tarrar and Ayesha Humayun 

... range of 52-75 years of age. Among 79 males, majority (45.6%) were employees, whereas 91.8% were housewives among females’ participants,. Out of 177 diabetic patients, 42 patients (23.7%) were non-compliant and 135 patients (62.5%) were found to be compliant. The normal glucose level was observed in 120/177 (67.8%) of participants. Interestingly, 97.2% subjects revealed agood attitude as the main trait of a practitioner whereas 2.8% claimed good practic...

Samina Ashraf1*, Ghulam Haider2 and Maimoona Ashraf

...ipants of the study. The age of participants was between 25 to 40 years and they had past experience of any type of abuse of violence, and were cognitively normal to respond interview. At first we identified the participants with the help of survey. A series of detailed and in- depth interview of 60 to 90 minutes were conducted from the participants. On the basis of collected data the researchers have given textural description and a structural description of ...
Selçuk Kaplan1,* and Sertaç Atalay2
...pecific primers and cleavage with the BfoI enzyme. Allele frequencies of A and B were found with 0.915 and 0.085 respectively. The genotype frequencies of IGF1 gene were 0.85 (AA), 0.13 (AB) and 0.02 (BB). The SNP in the exon 3 of the LEP gene was detected by amplification of the 494 bp region using specific primers and cleavage with the BcnI enzyme. The estimated frequencies of three genotypes including...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3 

...e data revealed that average age of the farmers was 53.9 years with education from secondary to graduate level. The results of the study showed that many of the farmers on average have 10 acres of land under date palm cultivation with more than 57 date palm trees per acre on average. It is also observed that respondents generally get 76 kg of dates on av...

Mohammad Nazeer* and Safdar Hussain Shah 

...ck, with a little percentage of brown and red in Damani and Gaddi goat. Body hairs were mostly straight with medium length in Damani and Surguli, and long in Kaghani and Gaddi breed. Body size manifested by weight, length and other body measurements, was highest in Gaddi, followed by Kaghani and then Surguli. The body size of Damani was the smallest compared to the other breeds; however, statistically it was similar to Surguli. Kaghani is the highest ranking a...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Arshad1, Rashid Mahmood2,* and Ziyad Abdul Qadir2
...recommendedfor better management of this destructive pest.
...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...with the disease (month, age, sex and season). Results showed highest prevalence (P < 0.05) of the Cryptosporidium in Kohat (33.33%) followed by Lakki Marwat (25%), while the lowest percent prevalence was recorded in Bannu (23.33%). Highest month-wise prevalence was recorded in the month of August (46.6%), followed by July (40%), and the lowest during February and December (16.66%). Results showed highest prevalence in summer season (36.66%), while t...
David Beckwith Greene
...div>According to Thomas Nagel, neo-Darwinians do not recognize the radical discontinuity between subjective experience and materially conceived reality. He calls for a new understanding of preconscious matter such that genuine continuity between it and subjectivity may become intelligible. According to Monroe Beardsley, music presents modes of continuation. An analysis of modes of continuation in Haydn’s “The Creation” shows that the c...
Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2 and Saleh S. Alhewairini1,*
...a-San TR50 against all stages of Aculops lycopersici. This includes its side effects on the associated predatory mite, Neosiulus cucumeris. Huwa-San TR50 is a formulation of hydrogen peroxide, stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of silver and is extensively used as a disinfectant. It was found to be very effective in killing A. lycopersici with no significant effect on N. cucumeris. Under greenhouse conditions, the mortal...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Muhammad Arshad Hussain3
...tter. On the other hand, ages of plants at inoculation had negative correlations with reductions in these parameters at each inoculum density. The production of galls was found to be positively correlated with the inoculum densities and plant ages. However, rate of nematode build up decreased with an increase in inoculum density and appeared to be negatively correlated with inoculum densities and, on the contrary, was found ...

Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan 

...collected through multistage random sampling technique. Stochastic frontier cost function of Cobb- Douglas type was used for the estimation of allocative efficiency. The function was estimated using Maximum Likelihood estimation technique. Results revealed that the mean allocative efficiency of broiler farms was 0.84; implies that an average farm could have used 16% less inputs for given level of output if inputs were alloca...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...fferent community assemblages of macroinvertebrates. This study was conducted to determine the impact of different land-use types viz. natural (grassland, forest/silviculture, barren) and agricultural (lemon, guava, lychee orchards, rice-wheat crop) lands on soil macroinvertebrate fauna. Random sampling was done in winter 2015 and summer 2016 using monoliths and pitfall traps. Results revealed that land-used types exert a differential impact on the dive...
Fatmagün Aydin1,* and Fatma Burcu Harmantepe2
...ts of dietary levels of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) oil on growth, haematological parameters were evaluated on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For this experiment, 360 fish (11.81± 0.02 g) were used. Fish were divided into four equal groups in three replicates and were fed with diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % of sage oil for 30 days. The results showed that the haematological parameters (total re...
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...skeletal defects, hemorrhages, displacement of limbs, open eyelids and distorted axis. Histological defects included dilation and absence of ventricles, underdeveloped cerebellum, microcardia, necrosis in atrium, underdeveloped ventricles, hydropericardium and necrosis of the liver. Skeleton analysis of cadmium treated groups showed mostly un-ossified skeletons. The control mice showed normal ossification as compared to experimental groups. Morphological, hist...
 Nazia Qamar1, Sher Khan Panhwar1,* and Ralf Riedel2,*
...a), with species, life stage (juvenile and adults), gender, and weather (rainy and dry season) as factors. Patterns of empty stomachs were investigated to estimate feeding intensity. Feeding intensity was estimated with logistic regression, using the same independent variables as above. Prey importance was also investigated. Prey importance was assessed using a Wilcox Rank Correlation analysis on the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) by species and life-st
Alaeldein M. Abudabos*, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer, Elsayed O.S. Hussein and Mutahar H. Ali
...od from 15 to 30 days of age. Results revealed a significant two way interaction for body weight gain (BW) and feed intake (FI) (P<0.01) for the first week of the trial (15-22 day). The effect of treatment in the second week (23-30 day) was less pronounced and treatment had no effect on performance. Cumulative performance results for the period (15-30 day) showed that feed intake was affected by temperature (P<0.05). It can be concluded that natural vita...
Burcu Onuk1,*, Murat Kabak1, Bünyamin Sahin2 and Nazan Gezer İnce3

 

...mputed tomography. The images were sampled randomly at a 1/5 sampling fraction. 11-16 sections for the stork and 16-20 sections for the seagull were examined. The sectional surface areas of the total nasal cavity, nasal septum, nasal space and conchae were estimated using the Cavalieri principle of the stereological methods. The volume and volume fractions of structures were assessed. Results obtained from the CT images were...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Ali Murad Jakhar3, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo3
...ed in relation to the dosage of infective juveniles (IJ) applied and exposure periods. Significantly (P< 0.001) greater numbers of nematodes (predominantly IJ) were recovered from the cadavers of T. molitor that had been inoculated with S. feltiae than H. bacteriophora. The inoculum dose also had an influence on the numbers of nematodes recovered. There were significantly greater numbers of S. feltiae in the 50 and 500 IJ treatme...
Saba Parveen Samo1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Javed Gadahi2, Yan Lei3, Allah Bux Kaciwal1 and Saeed Ahmed Soomro1
...ats of about 4 months of age and 10.5 kg body weight were randomly selected for the study and divided into two groups (n=5/each). Basal diet given to the animals consist of roughage and concentrate at the ratio of 65:35. Group A was kept without any supplementation whereas group B was supplemented with selenium yeast (SY) at the dose rate of 0.3 mg/kg.diet for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weights (% of empty body wei...
Aqsa Gulzar1, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2 and Asma Anjum3
...re active anti-cancerous agent as compared to 4a.
...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1,*, Magdalena Skibicka1, Barbara Cioch-Szklarz1, Jolanta Karakulska2, Karol Fijałkowski2 and Sonia Hiller3
...ariety (PHF HO). The average weight of calves at the age of three months differed depending on the housing system. Individuals in igloo type booths were heavier as compared to the traditionally reared calves. The differences regarding the final weight of heifer calves were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). In the cold and traditional rearing bulls had a larger mass than heifer calves. In traditional rearing, results o...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
...ately concentrate : roughage = 60 : 40, DM basis) for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 41.73 ± 0.53 kg BW. The remaining lambs (n = 21) were allocated randomly on d 0 to 3 treatment intake levels (treatments were ad libitum or restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake) within 7 slaughter groups. A slaughter group contained 1 lamb from each treatment, and lambs were slaughtered when the ad libitum treatment lamb reached approximately 50 kg BW....
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...tion showed a higher average daily weight gain. Sequence analysis of LEP gene confirmed the presence of genetic variability among Lohi animals; this variation might be associated with other economic traits for future breeding programs and marker assisted selection.
...
Shireen Ihsan Izzaddeen1 and Ali Kaygısız2,*
...h (cm), dry matter, roughage and concentrate feed consumption (gr), total milk consumption (kg), feed conversion ratio (kg), total cost and unit cost (P>0.05). However, essential oil contained calf’s milk decreased fecal evaluation score and number of days with diarrhea (P<0.05). The calf’s serum total cholesterol, glucose, AST, GGT, creatinine, phosphor, calcium, insulin, total T3, total T4, albumin, GH and globulin concentrations did not di...

Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4 

... 73% with an overall average of 42%. The number of hours the farmers operates their well ranged from 2 to 10 hours per day. The water quality reveals that pH of the water varies from 8.2-8.9 while ECw ranges from 0.4-4.7 dS/m. Out of 36, only inseven villages groundwater has ECw higher than the useable limit recommended by WAPDA (1974) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio was within safe range, following various classification scheme...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khuram Sharjeel1, Raheel Babar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Qamar Iqbal3, Rabia Rasheed1 and Nosheen Fatima1 

...o give satisfactory coverage, less use of multimedia, unavailability of training facilities to EFS, manifold duties assigned to extension officers and top-down dimension of planning of implementation of extension approaches were main weaknesses. The steps like effective evaluation of extension system, use of democratic nature extension approaches, and training facilities to EFS could improve working efficiency of Extension Field Staff and extension approaches ...
Abid Hussain1,*, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Muhammad Hussan Mushtaq2, Mamoona Chaudhry2, Muhammad Sarwar Khan2, Michael Reichel3, Tanveer Hussain4, Amjad Khan2, MuhammadNisar2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan5
...inimized by improving management and milking practices. It is concluded from the present study that mastitis increases when herd size increase. It order to control the mastitis, it is mandatory to screen the mastitis cases at quarter and herd size level.
...
Sana Zahra
...s reveals widespread lineage diversity and mutational specificity of a population. This study reports p.Y556C mutation as a recurring mutation in Punjabi population of Pakistan. A detailed genetic evaluation of four unrelated but ethnically similar families from Punjab province was performed.Linkage to SLC26A4 locus was confirmed through linkage analysis using Short Tandem Repeat Ma...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Tao Han2, Shaoquan Li2, Shaolin Wang2 and Yang Hu2
...roups. For NM, 4 mating cages were maintained each with 5 roosters and 45 laying hens. The other birds were reared in 3-layer complete ladder cages for AI, for which 180 hens were maintained in 60 cages with 3 hens/cage and 20 roosters in 20 cages. Laying performances, mortality, egg quality characteristics and welfare...
Lili Zhang, Yuanxiao Wang, Yili Kong, Hussain Ahmad, Rui Yan, Li Dong, Jingfei Zhang and Tian Wang*
... 28, 66, and 160 days of age from both groups. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from four selected pigs at 160 days of age. Body weight, ADG and ADFI were decreased significantly by IUGR from birth to 160 days of age (P<0.05). At 28 and 160 days of age, the serum urea nitrogen levels of the IUGR pigs were significantly higher tha...
Kaori Sasaoka1, Takahiro Kataoka1, Norie Kanzaki1, Yusuke Kobashi1, Akihiro Sakoda2, Yuu Ishimori2 and Kiyonori Yamaoka1,*
...he CDDP-induced renal damage. The supportive effect of radon inhalation shows its good potential as a candidate treatment to alleviate CDDP-induced renal damage in veterinary medicine.
...
Humaira Jabeen and Nazia Jamil*
...coconut oil. This percentage is even higher than the glucose, which was 16.6 % after 24 h of incubation. The other competent strains i.e. Exiguobacterium indicum, Bacillus acidiceler were not able to utilize the coconut oil but produced 5 and 22% bio-plastic when supplemented with 2% glucose after 24 h of incubation, respectively. The percentage of the bio-plastic produced when grown in nutrient broth was very ...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...on of the juices in beverage industries, tea making, and wastewater treatment among others. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wastes. Initial screening of pectinase producing bacteria was carried out on pectin containing agar plates of pH 7 incubated at 37&ord...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...on of the juices in beverage industries, tea making, and wastewater treatment among others. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wastes. Initial screening of pectinase producing bacteria was carried out on pectin containing agar plates of pH 7 incubated at 37&ord...
Muhammad Tariq Zahid1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2, Soumble Zulfiqar3, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3,4*
...d significant copper storage ability removing 54.9 % copper from medium within 96 h of 30 µg/ml copper stress. The maximum uptake rate was observed within 30 min of copper administration in response to 5-100 µg Cu++/ml in the medium. Quantitative analysis showed that TfCuMT is a copper inducible gene, the basal transcriptional level of which increased within 15 min of 10 µg/ml copper exposure upto 87.3 folds that later on de...
Senol Celik1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Adile Tatliyer3, Koksal Karadas4, Mehmet Kazim Kara2 and Abdul Waheed5
...nd to ensure suitable managerial conditions in DDP goat.
...
Ahmad Farooq1, Usman Waheed2,3, Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3, Abdul Rauf4, Abida Arshad5, and Muhammad Arshad1,*
...ere females. The patient age ranged from 1 to 30 years were with mean age of 7.9±4.5 years. Among 1,440 patients, 44 patients were positive for HBV (3.05%) while 295 were positive for HCV (20.4%). This study showed that β-thalassaemia patients are at a higher risk of contracting HBV and HCV infections. Although the professional blood donors are a great risk but major concern is related to screening techniques and...
Tariq Mukhtar,1,* Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Humayun Javed2
...ultivars should be encouraged.
...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar*1, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar2, Sumaira Zareen2, Syeda Sana Aamir4 and Muhammad Asadullah4
...otton yield, lint percentage, fiber length and fiber strength. The parents VH-259, CRS-456 and AA-703 among lines and PB-39 among testers displayed significant GCA effects for most of the traits. VH-259 × PB-39, CRS-456 × CIM-608 and AA-703 × PB-900 registered significant SCA effects and positive heterosis and hetrobeltiosis for most of the trait investigated. 
...
Zahida Parveen1, Safdar Sidra1*, Bushra Nisar Khan2
...ng the stopwatch. On average, most time spent by all species and varieties of peafowls was in walking around within the enclosure (20.6%), followed by litter pecking (13.8%), feather pecking (13.0%) and standing (12.7%). Feeding and drinking consumed approximately 4.6% and 2.1% of time, respectively. 
...
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
...unt of USD 39.2 billion wages for the employees (4). During the year of 2006, there were 5.2 million volunteers in Australia contributing around 623 million hours to the non-profit segment. This contribution value is equal to a wage of 15 billion AUD$ (5).
...
Nazish Imran 
...r mental health in young age is associated with school failure, delinquency, social and peer problems, substance misuse alongside adverse outcomes in adulthood. 
...
Ambreen Asghar, Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
...ing difference in percentage of fats. Protein profiling of treated groups indicated a marked increase in serum protein (related to iron metabolism and immune response) level compared to low fat-fed rats. Additionally, a decreased level of serum proteins was observed in the serum compared to control rats. Taken together, our findings conclude that diets rich in fats result in dysfunction of immune system and iron metabolism. 
...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...potential carcinogen, mutagen and teratogen through bioaccumulation in tissues. Aim of present study was to analyze various developmental abnormalities by a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride and protective role of garlic (Allium sativum), to minimize the intensity of these toxicities. For this purpose, fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were randomly divided into four groups of forty eggs each. Control group was intact and untreated. Eggs of ...

Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
 

...ussions) in selected villages with the aim to understand local perceptions about changing climate, its vulnerabilities and farmers adaptive measures toward climate change in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Additionally, vulnerability matrix was used to identify livelihood resources that are vulnerable to climate change induced hazards. Results showed that primarily deforestation and pollution contributed more to the perceived causes of climate ...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...d, neither the breed nor age of the camels was significantly associated with seropositivity.Studies are needed to evaluate other potential risk factors and to assess the pathogenic effects and economic consequences of neosporosis in camels.
...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1
...ther hand, the effect of age and breed on the occurrence of disease was observed as non-significant. Biochemical examination revealed a significant increase in Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine, urea whereas decrease in glucose level in diseased animals. The current study concluded that paying close attention to animal feeding, housing and keeping may reduce the occurrence of theileriosis in sheep.
...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou3, Jian-hua Huang1, Qi-bin Yang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1,*
...d out on broodstock (average body length 28.4 ± 0.95 cm, average body weight 96.7±6.48 g) with (treatment) or without eyestalk ablation (control), cultivated under a water temperature of 27.0±1.5 °C, salinity of 30–32, pH of 8.0–8.3, and light intensity of 1000 lx. Results showed that food consumption and feeding intensity of the eyestalk-ablated broodstock were higher than those without ...
Farhan Ahmad1,*, Muhammad Waris Sanjrani1, Shah Nawaz Khuhro1, Asif Sajjad2, Abid Ali3, Rashad Rasool Khan3, Farooq Ahmed3 and Junhe Liu4,*
... to cause an economic damage. A survey of whitefly populations and its parasitism with connection to temperature and relative humidity was conducted in fourteen cotton growing districts of Sindh province (southern Pakistan) for 2012 and 2013 seasons. There was a significant difference in whitefly population and percent parasitism among the fourteen districts. The highest average whitefly populationof two consecutive years wa...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...dy titer with increasing age was observed regardless of immunization status. Our results suggest that vaccination of African wild dogs with a live attenuated domestic dog vaccine may provide adequate protection against CDV, and could therefore be an important tool for the conservation of this endangered species. 
...
Muzafar Shah1,*, Mazhar Ali2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Khushi Muhammad3, Israr Alam1, Kausar Saeed1
...ed into four category of age i.e. (1-15), (16-30), (31-45), (46-onward), gender wise, union council (Kota, Barikot, Shamozo and Ghalegi) and month wise. It was concluded that out of 997 samples, 204 (20.46%) were found positive, in which mostly under positive, under 15 year of age (23.36%), whereas less cases were recorded in adult (46 and above) 22.64. Most of the positive cases were found in the month of November, 2...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...ervation planning and management. Different sampling techniques are applied during herpetofaunal surveys and some of them might be expensive, time intensive and their effectiveness in different regions of the world are still debatable. Moreover, data recorded from inappropriate designed surveys are not suitable for statistical analysis and provide inappropriate picture regarding distribution, abundance and status of target species. Current review inspects diff...
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
... ensures the effective usage of lignocellulosic biomass at large scale biofuel production. 
...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...ta revealed that the average of species diversity index of the avian community (H’)during the study period was 3.88. Using the Berger-Parker dominance value, we found the most abundant species was House sparrow (Passer domesticus), followed byOriental turtle dove(Streptopelia orientalis), Peaceful Dove (Geopelia striata), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)and Red collared dove(Streptopelia tranquebarica).The threatened ...
Mousa O. Germoush1,*, Mohsen G. Al-Mutary2, Ahmad R. Al-himaidi3, Muath G. Al-Ghadi3, Daisaku Iwamoto3,4, Yousef Al-anazi3, Aiman Ammari3, Javed Ahmad3,5, Abdulaziz Al-Khedhairy3,5
...t on maturation and cleavage percentage whereas 40% SFF supplementation significantly decreased maturation and cleavage. SFF supplemented at 10% concentration showed a significant increase in blastocyst development when compared with other groups. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant increase in BAX expression in groups supplemented with SFF 20% and 40%, whereas the expression o...
Nanjing Zeng1, Guanhua Liu1, Sibiao Wen1 and Feiyun Tu2,*
...ill contribute to the management and conservation of birds in PLNNR.
...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
...0 individuals of various age groups were collected (August to November 2013) from patients at clinics, houses and pharmacies belonging to three Tehsils (Puran, Alpuri and Besham) of district Shangla. The Immuno-chromatographic (ICT) and enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) techniques were applied for the presence of anti-HCV, while RT-PCR was used for active HCV infection. Our study reports an overall prevalence of HCV among 131 (14.55%), 103 (11.44%), an...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Abdul Wahab1, Navaid Kazi2, Younas Muhammad1,Summaya Kazi3, Salman Kazi4, Azmatullah Khan1, Ikramullah Khan5 and Shakoor Ahmad1
...id during fetal growth stage of successful pregnancy. Experiments were executed on 15 pregnant rabbits at three different time point of successful pregnancy i.e. day 18, day 25 and day 28 with commercially accessible kits for biochemical markers that includes glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The current study demonstrated the ascertained va...

Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid

 

...hwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 150 broiler farmers. A well-structured interview schedule was used with both close and open-ended questions. Data from broiler farmers were collected during April and May 2016. Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) technique was used for estimation of stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas type production function. Results indicated the mean technical efficiency of 0.89 with the range of 0.6...

Shahid Ali1* and Salamat Ali2  

...Punjab, Pakistan. Multistage sampling technique was applied for selection of sampled respondents. 120 farmers, 60 farmers of open shed and 60 farmers of EC shed were interviewed during 2014. Dummy variable regression was applied for estimation and comparison of costs and revenues of open shed and EC shed broiler farms. Results revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the cost of production and net revenue of open shed and EC shed fa...

Habibullah* and Sahib Alam  

...ties at various growth stages of maize and subsequent wheat crop. Biochar was applied before sowing, while N application was carried out in splits to the crops. The study was conducted in district Buner, Pakistan using randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement. Biochar was applied at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha as the main plot factor. The immediate effect of biochar was assessed on maize crop integrated with four levels of N viz...

Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2 

... test were used. The average profit of large size farm was Rs. 85228 followed by medium and small farm that were Rs. 58049 and Rs. 36090 respectively. The results of independent sample t-test indicated that there is no significant difference between the profit of the sole proprietors and partnerships. Further results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that at 5% significance level, there was statistically significant difference among different sizes of p...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...evalence was 53% and average range of the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer (MT log2) against AIV H9 remained 7±3. Real-time PCR results showed 8.3% (42/507) of the samples were positive for viral matrix gene. Sub-typing was performed by specific anti-sera. PCR amplification was done by using N2 specific primers that confirmed 100% of the matrix (M) gene positive isolates as subtype H9N2. This is the first report from Pakistan t...
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*, Waseem Akram2, Sumi Lee3, Shakir Manzoor1, Syed Rajab Ayub1, Khalil Ur Rehman1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha1 and Sumaira Maqsood1
... designing resistance management strategy for stored insect pests. The baseline data regarding spinosad susceptibility determined here for these stored insect pests will therefore help to monitor resistance in the future.
...

Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi

...nt part of the proper management of weeds in the paddy fields is rice postharvest weed management until land preparation for re-cultivation. In order to determine the frequency and relative cover (RC), the samples were collected from 481 fields during the growing season and 255 fields after harvesting rice in Guilan province (Iran) from 2014 to 2016 (from April to March of each year) based on the method of Thomas by throwing...

Muhammad Waqar Yasin*, Mobushir Riaz Khan and Muhammad Amin 

...eir crops at different stages of crop cycle regarding these climatic variables i.e. temperature and rainfall. 

...

Urooba Pervaiz1, Abdus Salam1, Dawood Jan2, Ayesha Khan1 and Mahmood Iqbal

...ato cultivation. Two villages were randomly selected from each union council. All tomato growers given training by the extension department were selected for interview, thus 104 respondents were interviewed for the study through well-structured interview schedule. Paired t-test was used for the comparison before and after training.The results show that 43% of the respondents were young, literate (85%), owner cultivator (49%), majority (81%) have total tomato c...

Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib

...plish the market risk management system to monitor the risk of major crops by introducing various kinds of products. This ensures the competency, accuracy and decreases significantly the cost of market risk management.  

...

Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan 

...tion was recorded on average temperature of 24.8˚C. On the basis of field scoring resistant genotypes were identified which are prerequisite for further molecular and biochemical study to explore resistance pathway. These lines could be used as a source of aphids resistance in future wheat breeding program 

...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...systems, difficult to manage. In early stages, the salinity affects the germination and emergence of the young seedlings and then the growth and yield of various crops and ultimately disturbing the socioeconomics of the farming community. Among the microbes, cyanobacteria are known as photoautotrophic, blue green algae which is not a truly eukaryotic algae and grown in different and such complex habitats freely and symbiotic...

Imran Khan1, Zahir Shah2, Wiqar Ahmad3*, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Sharif

...atus under different tillage practices. Randomized Complete Block Split Plot Design with three replications was used for the study where nutrient inputs were allotted to sub-plots whilst tillage practices were studied in main plots. Nutrient input consisted of Farmer’s fertilizer practice (FP; N:P2O5:K2O=60:45:00 kg ha-1), Recommended dose (RD; N:P2O5:K2O=120:90:60 kg ha-1), Farmyard manure (FYM) alone at the rate of 5...

Gulsanga1, Zahin Anjum1, Sahib Alam2* and Farhat Shehzad

...g, respectively. The average Na, K, Ca, Mg and P contents in cow’s and buffalo’s meat were found to be 54.75 and 67.45, 351.67 and 333.75, 4.61 and 6.31, 21.50 and 26.76, and 212.75 and 181.32 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of Cu, Zn, Ni, K and P were higher in cow’s meat whereas the concentrations of Pb, Na, Ca and Mg were higher in buffalo’s meat. The toxic heavy metal Pb concentration wa...
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...nts and they could be managed by using antagonistic, growth promoting endophytic bacteria. 

...

Muhammad Suhaib1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Masooma Munir3, Badar-Uz-Zaman1, Bushra Atta4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 

...ies are produced that damage the vital plant organelles causing disturbances in the normal functioning of the plant and even may lead to death in severe cases. The results of this study conferred that there were genotypic variation found in two genotypes regarding salinity tolerance. SARC-4 was found to tolerate more salt stress as compared to Parwaz-94 and performed better at both salinity levels then Parwaz-94. Salicylic acid induced improvement is significa...

Mehran Ali, Inamullah*, Sajjad Ahmad and Arsalan Khan 

...he effect of various tillage implements and nitrogen sources on maize yield and soil organic matter. Randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having four replications was used. Tillage implements (mould board plough, rotavator, disk harrow and cultivator) were applied in main plots while nitrogen sources (control, cattle manure, poultry manure, sheep manure, mushroom spent, mungbean residue and urea) in s...

Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1 

...eing used as bio control agent for the management of important plant pathogens including root knot nematodes (RKN). In the present studies, 15 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum were collected from different the root knot nematodes-infested tomato field of Malakand and Swat, Pakistan. These isolates were tested for their nematocidal effects against Meloidogyne javanica. Anti-J2 antagonistic test divided the isolates into 5 an...

Madeeha Alamzeb1, Shazma Anwar1, Asif Iqbal1,2*, Song Meizhen2, Mazhar Iqbal3, Sara4, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Afza Tabassum1
 

...oning of wheat under tillage systems (conventional and deep tillage). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement, having three replications. Tillage systems and organic sources were used as main plot factor, nitrogen levels as subplot factor. The results revealed that organic sources, nitrogen levels and tillage
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
... were also analyzed. Average yield of hydroponic tomatoes was found to be 161.8±6.6 ton per hectare as against 10.07±0.4 in open field. The BCR was found positive at 1.07 and 1.44 for with and without casual labor respectively. Analysis suggests that this technology can improve the yield of tomato in the country and solve the demand and supply gap of Pakistan besides helping in export promotion and import substitution. Various factors identified ...

Saleem Ashraf1*, Ashiq Hussain Sangi1Zakaria Yousaf Hassan3 and Muhammad Luqman2

...area, production and average yield in the Punjab Pakistan For this purpose, data collected from government reports for the period of 1990-2017 was criticaly examined. Empirical results indicated that area under cultivation showed negative compound growth rate while production and average yield showed positive compound growth in Pakistan. While, in Punjab, compound growth rate of area under cotton cultivation and production s...
Yakup Erdal Erturk1, Adem Aksoy2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...ctors that influence average fattening final live weight (AFFLW) per enterprise for crossbred cattle reared in beef cattle enterprises in North East Anatolia region (comprising Erzurum, Igdir, Kars and Agri provinces) of Turkey. For this goal, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), a-non parametric regression technique, was used to develop a respectable prediction equation that can denote interaction effects of influential predictors in the definitio...
Pasqua Rotondi1, Maria Antonietta Colonna1, Giuseppe Marsico1, Francesco Giannico1, Marco Ragni1 and Anna Maria Facciolongo2,*
...ps (n = 7), according to age and body weight, and assigned to one of the following feeding treatments: C) control: commercial pelleted feed; L) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed; LO) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed and 0.6% dried oregano inflorescences. Kids were slaughtered at 60 days of age. Diet did not affect in vivo performances, dressing percentage, pH ...
Ayesha Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Umer, Anjum Nasim Sabri and Imran Sajid*
...ria. Among the causative agents of dental caries, notable one is Streptococcus mutans, which is an obligate parasite. In this study eleven S. mutans strains were isolated from carious lesions on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar along with twenty potentially active Streptomyces strains were isolated from the soil of agriculture farmlands. The biochemical and physiological characterization along with the molecular identification by 16S rRNA ...
Niamatullah Kakar, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee and Tauseef Asmat*
...e tuberculosis at that stage. Two patients were reported with history of tuberculosis but were effectively treated before imprisonment. On age basis, 128/186 (68.88%) patients were of younger age (18-30 years) and 10 (5.37 %) were above 50 year. Illiteracy, unemployment (daily wages) and tobacco smoking were some of the main risk factors common in inmate...
Ambrina Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*

 

...ifferent developmental stages possessed different levels of esterase activities. Based on the level of activities the adult beetles were more susceptible to deltamethrin than 4th and 6th instar larvae. The increased level of esterases contributes towards resistance against pesticide in stored grain pests.
...
Asad Sultan1,*, Shahroom Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2 and Hamza Maris3
...gain and dressing percentage were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the OA-2 group, resultantly, the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the same group. Tibia dry matter, ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in OA-2. On the other hand, fecal Ca and P decreased significantly (P<0.05) in OA-2. Mean dry matter and ash contents increased significantly (P<0.05) in OA-2, while crude protein, crude fibre, et...

Ashraf Sayed Awaad1 and Mohamed Zaki Fathy2*  

...agittal sections of CT images. While transverse and parasagittal US were performed in goats over the selected new site (last inter-lumber space (L5-L6). The latter was compared with the L6-S space by gross anatomy, CT and image analysis. The results showed wider lumen of the vertebral canal at L5- L6 and the space between the inner part of the vertebrae and the spinal cord is wider than those at the level of L6- S. Moreover,...

Saima Rani*, Hassnian Shah, Nusrat Habib and Muhammad Azeem Khan 

...l findings indicate that age, employment status, income, education, number of children, taste, no chemical residual, high nutritional value, freshness and colour of the vegetables have positive effects on consumer to pay a high price. While in case of product size and shape has a adverse effect on consumer. Results indicate that when making choices of food, consumers in Islamabad prioritise their health. Furthermore, the households who earn more income perce...

Ghufran ul Haq1*, Muhammad Arif2, Asad Ali2 and Mian Inayatullah3 

...ith 5.8 percent. The average whiteflies population was the highest, 22.13, in Mohmand Agency, followed by Malakand Agency with 18.5, Shabqadar with 15.6, Charsadda with 14.9 and Peshawar with 14.2. A positive correlation was found between the whiteflies population and the viral incidence. Studies on the transmission properties of TYLCV revealed that, given an acquisition access peiod (AAP)...

Muhammad Adnan Khan1*, Majid Suhail Hashmi1, Ali Muhammad1, Muhammad Muneeb1, Haris Bilal1 and Gul Wali

...ays interval. During storage intervals, TSS increased from 48.0 to 51.31°Brix, pH increased 3.82 to 4.25, titratable acidity decreased from 1.02 to 0.86%, reducing sugar increased from 16.50 to 17.76%, non-reducing sugar decreased from 28.25 to 26.98%, ascorbic acid decreased from 19.11 to 15.65mg/100g, mean score of judges for flavor decreased from 7.9 to 6.2, color means decreased from 7.6 to 5.8 and overall acceptability decreased from 7.6 to 5.7. The r...

Nashwa Mohamed Eid1, Al-Hussien Mohamed Dahshan1, El-Shayma El-Nahass2, Basma Shalaby3 and Ahmed Ali1* 

...ithout EOs at 15 days of age. Starting from 3 days’ post infection (DPI), the second 2 set of birds without EOs addition were fed ration containing 0.25% and 0.125% thyme and clove oils as treatment in comparison to an antibiotic control group using for 5 days. The results showed that the use of EOs improved growth performance of broiler chickens especially when used as preventive feed additive continuously. The thyme EO showed better anticlostridial act...

Rehman-Ud-din* and Naeem-Ur-Rehman Khattak 

...a selection of three villages in each district under simple random selection. In this way, a sample size of 175 farmers was randomly selected from nine villages on a proportional basis. The study reveals that a large number of both types of farmers are neither completely mechanised nor completely non-mechanised. Majority of the farmers in each type of farmers do not have their own farming machines/animals. Per acre productiv...
Zeqin Fu, Yunfang Tian, Yingying Ye*, Pengzhi Qi and Changwen Wu
...o twenty-one with an average of 12.913 and the allele size varied between 161 and 470 bp. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.143 to 1.000 and from 0.351 to 0.926, with average values of 0.614 and 0.771, respectively. Eighteen loci accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)(P > 0.05). The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.340 to 0.921 with an aver
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,* 
... minimizing the liver damages caused by thiram in broiler chickens.
...

Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar

...ilizer increased the foliage biomass production by 47.26% as compared to late pruning (March) and without the application of potash fertilizers. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that deep pruning of tea during the month of December and application of potash @ 150 kg ha-1 resulted in e best recovery and growth of deeply pruned tea bushes under the climatic conditions of Mansehra-Pakistan. 

...

Samiullah*, Mohammad Aslam Khan and Atta-ur-Rahman  

...level analysis, five villages were randomly selected for detailed and intensive study. In addition to questionnaire survey, detailed focused group discussion was also arranged with the key stakeholders. The analysis reveals that rapid urban expansion has resulted in reduction of farmland and sub-division of landholdings into smaller land fragments. Beside urbanization, a major contributor to fragmentation is the law of inheritance, which divides the land among...
Nadia Saeed1,Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muhammad Abdullah4 and Muzafar Shah5,*
Gulnaz Malik1, Abdul Qadir1 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,*
...ides are used for the management of this pest, successful management could be compromised by prevailing environmental temperature since it has a significant effect on the toxicities of insecticides. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the effect of post-treatment temperature on the toxicity of four insecticides viz., spinosad, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and thiamethoxam. For this purpose, toxicities of i...

Xiangbin Meng1,Tianxiang Gao2, Chunhou Li3, Na Song1, Lu Liu1, Liqin Liu2 and Xiumei Zhang1,*

 

...92 to 0.861, with an average of 0.741 and 0.607, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.566 to 0.823. These markers will be useful in further studies and will give new insight into conservation and efficient management of this species.
...
Muhammad Asim Khan1,*, Shahid Niaz Khan1, Sanaullah Khan2, Abdul Jabbar Khan3, Muhammad Adnan4, Nawab Ali5 and Ijaz Ali6
...re prepared from various age groups ranging from below 1 year up to above 50 years during the months of June 2010 to June 2012, residing in Northern (Peshawar, Mardan, Charsaddah, Sawabi, Nowshehra) and Southern (Bannu, Lakki, Karrak, Kohat, D.I.Khan) districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. All the films were examined by microscopy for the detection of malarial parasites. In the Southern districts, the overall incidence of Plasmodium slides positivit...
Abdul Samad1, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Olena Pokryrshko2 and Tauseef M Asmat1,*
... samples with infectious agents was 48.37%. Campylobacter jejuni was recorded much higher (28.99%) compared to other foodborne pathogens. Food samples were also found positive for Salmonella spp. (19%), E. coli (O157:H7) (8%) and 1.25% for Listeria monocytogenes. 5% tested food samples were found co-infected with at least two pathogens. The results urge to adopt proper food hygiene practices to reduce the incidence of food-bo...
Hazrat Nabi1, Irshad Hussain2, Muhammad Adil3, Amar Nasir3,*, Arbab Sikandar3, Saeed Khan1 and Nasrullah Khan3

 

...>-42nd day of age. The impact of mycotoxin binders on antibody titer against New Castle disease virus, feed consumption, weight gain, relative weights of lymphoid organs and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers were investigated. Chicks fed aflatoxins (group B) alone manifested significantly reduced feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. However, no variation in weight gain and FCR was found between the controls (A, B and C...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2,*, Muhammad Rafique Rind3, Viram Kumar4, Nazia Baloch5 and Rajesh K. Oad6
...ed in buffaloes with average age of 6 to 9 years whereas those of > 9 years of age showed higher (33.33%) but non-significant prevalence of subclinical mastitis. However, significant impact of the number of parity on the prevalence of clinical mastitis was observed in animals. Higher prevalence (48.20%) of clinical mastitis was observed in buffaloes with 4 to 7 calves. A simil...
Tengfei Lu1, Wenhua Pei1, Shuang Zhang2, Yangnan Wu1, Fenghao Chen2, Xiao Han2 and Weijun Guan1,*
...were sub-cultured to passage 25 in vitro. The gene of Oct-4, Rex-1, CD29, CD44, CD71, and CD73 were identified by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence technique. The results showed that they were positive in AMSCs. The growth of different passages cells typically appeared in S curve. Furthermore, AMSCs successfully differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and hepatocyte-like cells after procedure induction. The results s...

Shamsher Ali1*, Sarmad Khan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Naveed ullah4, Muhammad Rashid3 and Wiqar Ahmad1 

... soils at early growth stage. Five bread wheat varieties i.e Atta Habib, Barsat, Siren, Pirsabak-2004 and Pirsabak-2005 were cultivated under three soils having different salinity levels; i- Normal-non saline soil (EC=0.9 dS m-1), ii- moderately saline soil (EC=7.2 dS m-1) and iii- highly saline soil (EC=13.3 dS m-1). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, repeated thrice. Wheat varieties were sown per pot randomly ...
Dongmei Sun, Meiling Chen, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Yun Liu, Xunping Jiang and Guiqiong Liu*
...ene in chicken sperm storage tubules. In this work, Immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western-blot were performed to detect the expression of neurexophilin 1 in epithelial cells of chicken utero-vaginal junction, chicken embryo fibroblasts (DF-1 cells) and Hela cells. The immunocytochemistry results showed that neurexophilin 1 was expressed in both the epithelial cells of chicken genital tract and DF-1 cells. Immunofluorescence revealed that neurexop...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Waqas Wakil3 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*
...flubendiamide for the management of S. litura. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential of these products against S. litura and negative impact on natural enemies under varying climatic conditions, and on different host crops.
...
Mingming Ning1,2, Yanjie Zheng1, Yuanyuan Dun1, Weijun Guan2 and Xiuxia Li1,*
...be transferred to 34 passages nowadays. Surface marker Oct4, CD105, nanog, CD73 and SSEA-4 on CAFSCs are detected positive with immunofluorescence histochemistry, Gene CD44, CD29, CD73 and SH2 are detected positive with RT-PCR. We carry karyotype analysis out and find that chromosome is 2n=78 and shows normal. CAFSCs in mid period of subculture propagate fastest from cell cycle examination on Flow Cytometer and growth curve using CCK-8 kit on ELIASA. CAFSCs ar...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
...el. They cause severe damage to various crops, directly and indirectly, by gnawing, spoilage, contamination and hoarding activities. The current study investigated the occurrence of different rodent species inside the crop fields and at field edges, associated with four major crops (wheat, groundnut, millet and maize) in the Pothwar Plateau. In all four crops, maximum number of rodent burrows was recorded at maturity st
Adel A. Basyouny Shahin,1,* Amira M. Metwally Mohamed2 and Abd El-Reheem A. El Shatter2

 

...ctively, the mean percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 29.42%, while the mean number of alleles per locus (A) was 1.30 ± 0.11. In addition, the mean levels of genetic identity (I) and genetic distance (D) were 0.932 and 0.070, respectively, indicating that the two forms were genetically highly similar. Thus, the present results are concordant with that obtained from the chromosomal, morphological and penial study and support the recent h...
Souheila Slimani1,*, Sonia Hamouda1, Chahrazed Souadi1, Sara Silini2, Cherif Abdennour2 and Leila Delimi3
...the treated groups the stages of spermatogenesis appear unaffected, accompanied withimmature and malformed spermatozoa in the lumen.To conclude, oral administration of thiram may affect the seasonal reproduction of pigeon by disturbing the histo-architecture of testes and sperm quality under long photoperiod. Such changes may be responsible for delayed refractory phase.The intact stages of spermatogenesis indicates that the ...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*and Tariq Mukhtar2
...cultivars. As there is meager information on the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne incognita on different cucumber cultivars commonly cultivated in Pakistan, therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the reproductivity of M. incognita on fifteen cucumber cultivars with varying levels of resistance and susceptibility. Significant differences were found among all the cucumber cultivars regarding formation of galls, egg masse...
Yakup Erdal Ertürk
...probable factors such as age, province, education level, experience, social security, lands, and the reason at performing animal production were recorded on breeders. Also, first fattening weight and fattening period of the beef cattle were recorded. It was determined that predictive models based upon MARS algorithm explained virtually all of variability in the final fattening weight (FFW) for each gender when model assessment criteria (viz. R2
Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
...epods and their larval stages contributed 36.2%. Rotifers ranked the third important group (12.6%). Protozoa contributed 10.6% of the total community. According to the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the variations in the species data were significantly (P< 0.05) related to salinity, temperature, phosphate concentration and phytoplankton biomass. The main spatial gradients along the estuary were associated with salinity. The high salinity zone in t...
Yang Yang1,2, Yun Liu1, Mingxu Zhou1 and Guoqiang Zhu1,*
...i>Escherichia coli flagellin expression, E. coli F18ab strain 107/86 was modified to either express acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase (QS-I) or deleted for autoinducer 2 (AI-2) expression (QS-II). AHL expression and deletion of luxS (AI-2) both inhibited flagellin expression, as measured by motility assays, bacterial gene expression, and host responses to infection. The QS systems and fl
Guifen Liu1,2, Xiaomu Liu1,2, Khuram Shahzad3, Wei You1,2, Juan J. Loor3,* and Fachun Wan1,2,4,*
...ef cattle at different stages of growth. Microarray analysis of data at 12 vs 18 months, 12 vs 24 months, 12 vs 30 months, 18 vs 24 months, 18 vs 30 months and 24 vs 30 months uncovered a total of 10625 differentially expressed genes (P ≤ 0.05; no fold change). The dynamic impact approach (DIA) bioinformatics tool was used to uncover the most-affected biological pathways among the DEG. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software also was used to analyze upstr...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5 
...2 asthmatics, which were aged between 18-60 years at Mayo Hospital Emergency with FEV1 ≤ 30% of the predicted value. Spirometry of all asthmatics (study and placebo groups) in the emergency department was performed by Spirolab III. Detailed history, general physical and systemic examination was conducted and all parameters were recorded. Modified Borg scale was used to determine the grade of dyspnea from 0-10. A total of 2ml of venous blood ...
Sadaf Noveen1*, Shaista Habib Ullah2, Babar Alam3
...was noticed. High percentage of distortion errors among children having OMM defects shows strong connection between the two otherwise substitution is most prevalent error.
Conclusion: Conclusively it can be stated that anatomical and physiological defects of oral cavity lead to articulation errors. Children with articulation deficit had distorted speech with multiple oral motor anomalies. 
...
Kaleem Ullah1, Zafar Niaz2, Sami Ullah Mumtaz3, Sajid Abaidullah4*
...: In our study, mean age of the patients was 60.7±6.2 years and mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 56.9±14.3%. Similarly mean ejection fraction of the patients turned out to be 60.6±4.6. The mean peak mitral filling velocity of the patients was 69.8±15.9 cm/s. The mean peak mitral filling rate of the patients was 57.2±30.9 cm/s and mean E/A ratio was 1.3±0.3. The mean iso-volumetric relaxation time of the patients was 84.2&pl...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
...nign neoplasms and their age-wise comparison.
Methodology: The study was carried out at Pathology Department, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Data of 368 cases of BBD during a time span of 3 years (2011-2014) was obtained retrospectively. 
Results: There were 190 patients of fibroadenoma (FA), 81 of fibrocystic disease (FCD), 64 of breast abscess (BA), 12 of granulomatous mastitis (GM), 7 of lipoma, 5 of phyll...
Nasreen Ishaq1, Arif Rasheed Malik2, Zameer Ahmad1, Saad Ehsan Ullah3
...on of sex, assessment of age, determination of height and blood groups identification. Among these, DNA analysis and dental data provide easiest identifications, however, these techniques are expensive and not readily available necessitating additional techniques for identification. One of such novel approach is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip print patterns. 
Methodology: In order to investigate the lip prints-based identification, a stu...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...ries and is a contagious agent related with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in chickens worldwide. Identification of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype is of most importance in epidemiological studies of disease outbreak and the adaptation of vaccine strategies. In spite of appropriate administration of vaccination, FAdV outbreaks have been reported and caused significant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan in recent ye...
Fangxiao Dong1,2, Xuan Luo1,2, Delu Yuan1,2, Aixin Liang1,2* and Liguo Yang1,2*
...significantly higher average weight gain and offspring weaning weight than that in T2 and control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Overall, these results suggested that novel somatostatin plasmid fused to tPA signal peptide obtained stronger immunogenicity, and better potentials of promoting growth and lactation, indicating that tPA is an effective signal peptide for enhancing the immune efficacy and performance of somatostatin DNA vacc...

Muhammad Rehan Aslam1, Muhammad Maqsood1, Zahoor Ahmad2*, Sajjad Akhtar3, Muhammad Rizwan4 and Muhammad Usama Hameed

... different development stages can enhance their yield and also adjust water stress levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of foliar applied magnesium sulphate and irrigation scheduling on the quality and yield of maize (Zea mays). Maximum cob weight without sheath (253.38 g), number of grains per cob (472.49), 1000-grains weight (265.99 g), biological yield (13.08 t ha-1), grain yield (5.05 t ha-1), harvest index (38.43%),...

Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3 

... by plant breeders to manage with drought. A wire house experiment was conducted in Oilseeds Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Faisalabad for the screening of genotypes against drought. Ten hybrids along with their 13 parental inbred lines were grown in polythene bags following factorial structured completely randomized design by three replications against three levels of water stress. Data was recorded on root length (cm), shoot length (cm), plan...
Ayesha Iftikhar1,*, Muhammad Asif Aziz1, Muhammad Naeem1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...096">Age-stage, two sex life tables of zigzag beetle were constructed at three different temperature regimes: 24 ± 0.5 °C and 27 ± 0.5 °C with 60-70% R.H. and ambient condition (32 ± 4 °C; 16-50% R.H.) with 14:10 h (L:D) photoperiod using cotton mealy bug as a host. According to the results, the immature duration and adult longevity were comparatively longer at lower temperature (24 ± 0.5 °C) and shorte...

Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2 

...ial component of pest management strategies. In this study, field efficacy of spirotetramat and Isaria fumosorosea formulations was assessed in spring 2016 and 2017 against Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, one of the economic insect pests of citrus plants and a putative vector of Huanglongbing worldwide. Treatments were comprised of label-recommended (FD) and its half (HD) dose rates of spirotetramat and I. fumosorosea formulations. Both treatments were ...
Komal Mushtaq1, Shoaib Waqas2*, Hafiz Muhammad Asim3
...ck pain (CLBP) can be managed by multidisciplinary team approach especially physiotherapy and rehabilitation. In this study, effectiveness of spinal manual therapy (maitland grade I and II mobilization) for CLBP management was assessed.
Methods: All subjects in the study were provided maitland grade I and II spinal mobilization for 20 minutes each. A similar treatment frequency was applied and consisted on...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...Tuberculosis affects all age groups but adults are mostly affected in their most productive age. However, all age groups are at risks. In the world, TB is one of the major killer infectious diseases, which place it in one of the top 5 causes of death for females aged 15 to 44. The death rate due to this isease has declined by 47% from 1990 to 2015.
...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...ses are known biocontrol agents of several crop pests, however, their activity is deteriorated rapidly when exposed to the sunlight. Many UV protectants were used to improve the efficacy of these viruses under field conditions. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts to improve the persistence of Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) against beet army worm, Spodoptera exig...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Haijun Cui1 and Xin Zhang2
... breeders in the mating cage. Ninety-six 230-day-old Hy-line Brown roosters were randomly split into four groups. Group 1 chicks served as intact control. Trimming of claw of group 2 chicks was performed by the method of partial amputation of the third toe (along the distal phalanx) at day of hatch; the first and third toes were declawed in the group 3, while the second and fourth ones were trimming in group 4. They were cage
Doğan Türkyılmaz1,*, Selçuk Özyürek2,Nurinisa Esenbuğa1 and Mustafa Yaprak1
..., lactose and ash percentages of the milk in this study were respectively 7.19%, 9.67%, 1030.78 kg/m3, 3.18%, 5.55%, 0.93% in Morkaraman; 7.20%, 9.95%, 1031.78 kg/m3, 3.29%, 5.70%, 0.96% in Tuj; 6.79%, 9.60%, 1030.77 kg/m3, 3.18%, 5.49% 0.93% in Awassi. There isn’t any significant difference between the breed for milk components (p>0.05). Between udder width and non-fat dry matter content, high positive correlation was...
Amna Waseem, Sikander Ali* and Syeda Wajiha Khalid
...developed by chemical mutagenesis. The wild-type was simultaneously treated with different concentration of EMS and MMS. Among 13 mutant variants, EM-7 showing maximum lipase activity of 71±3.55 U/g, was selected. Resistance in the hyper producing strain was developed by exposing it with low levels of L-cysteine HCl to protect it from instability. It was observed that under optimum conditions at 30°C temperature, pH 7, and incubation period 64 h, th...

Wasim Javaid1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2 and Muhammad Usman Raja2 

...liae was evaluated to manage pulse beetle (PB), Callosobruchus chinensis by using different fungal concentrations of 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 spores/ml in stored chickpea grains. Highest mortality (90%) of PB was observed in 72 hours through application of 1×108spores/ml of M. anisopliae compared to B. bassiana with 60% mortality. On 24 hours of exposure, minimum mortality (4%) in PB was recorded in grains treated with 1×106 spores/...

Tanzim Ullah Khan1*, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Ahmad Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Muhammad Ishaq2, Khilwat Afridi2, Murad Ali2, Muhammad Adeel Qureshi2, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Saeed2  

...nducted on integrated management of fertilizer nitrogen and poultry manure for wheat improvement at New Developmental Research Farm, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar in 2010-11. Three levels of fertilizer nitrogen (75, 100 and 125 kg ha-1) and two poultry manure levels (0 and 4 tones ha-1) were allotted to main plot while time of fertilizer nitrogen application were as: full at land preparation, full at boot stage

Muhammad Shoaib Saleem*, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Amjad Sultan and Saqib Ali 

...ture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi to evaluate the efficacy of Neonicotinoids and Insect growth Regulators (IGRs) against jassid (Amrasca devastans Dist.) on eggplant crop. The crops were grown in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, each have five treatments inclusive of control. The recommended doses of Nitenpyram, Clothianidin, Momentum (combination of Nitenpyram+Chlorfenapyr) and Buprofezin were applied wh...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1  

...ying to pupa evolution stage. The results obtained highlight that 73% of the investigation area were venerable for a female YSB to lay 100-143 eggs on April 03, that increased up to 96% to lay 148-176 eggs on April 19, due to increase in temperature. On May 05, about 5377 km2 area was found in egg hatching phase, on May 21, 1514 km2 area was found in larva evolution phase and on June 22, 1725 km2 area was found in pupa evolution phase. The results proved that ...
Muhammad Shaheer1*, Asad Aslam Khan2, Nasir Ahmed3, Tehseen Mahmood Mahju4, Ummarah Rasheed5
...ior halves and total average thickness. Pre- and post-injection OCT were conduced and macular thickness were documented.
Results:The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was decreased in superior and inferior halves as well as in the total thickness. 
Conclusion: Intra vitreal bevacizumab decreases the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Large randomized controlled trials are required to establish or rule out any...
Naveed Akhtar1, Humaira Zareen2* and Rubina Sarmad3
...div>Results: Mean age of the students was 19.5 ± 2.1. All the participants were unmarried, 108 (94.7%) liked traditional food, and 84 (73.3%) had a habit of daily breakfast intake. Most of the students (n=73, 64%) were consuming fast/junk food while 81(71.1%) of the students used to take meat and meat products three times a week. A total of 42 respondents (36.8%) were underweight while 41 (36%) were anemic. Positive association was found bet...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
...ticipated in this study (age 36.31±9.711 years, range 18-55, 60% female). Compared with placebo, Carica papaya extract (CP group) showed a clinically significant improvement. The GIS significantly decreased in CP group during the first 2 weeks, compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). During the second and third 2-week period, symptoms further improved in CP group (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks, 95.7% on CP treatment and 3.1% on placebo were completely reli...
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
...n order to determine the age, gender and organ system wise distribution of various diseases. Secondary data was collected from standard OPD register in which all patients that presented in the outpatient department of the facility during a period of 6 months from 1st January, 2017 to 30th June, 2017 were included and no patient was excluded.
Results: Out of total 2357 patients, 1024 (43.4%) were males and 1333 (56.6%) w...
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
...f various ethnic groups, age and socio–economic statuses. It has been found that obesity is closely associated and correlated with hypertension. Preventive strategies for obesity may offer a cost-effective approach towards lowering blood pressure.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of obesity according to body mass index and waist hip ratio and its relationship with hypertension among medical students.
Methodology
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
...nd 61 (48.8%) females of age 15 years and above with mean age of 36.9±14.99. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay was observed as 92.1% and 93.5%, respectively. Association of rifampicin resistant by MTB/RIF assay and isoniazid resistance was found to be 88.1% and an agreement rate of rifampicin resistance by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay with isoniazid resistance was 81.25%. A total of 56 (44.8%) cases were found to be...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
...ognostic factors such as age, WBC count and FAB subtype.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-six patients with newly diagnosed ALL were studied and patients on chemotherapy and T-ALL were excluded. The data was analyzed by SPSS20 for prognostically important parameters such as age, sex, hemoglobin level, WBC profile, platelet count, FAB type and immunophenotype. RNA extraction was performed and RT-PCR procedure w...
Zartasha Anjum1*, Rakhshindah Bajwa2 and Munazza Hassan3
...The frequency and percentage were calculated for histological grade of the tumor and expression of HMG-CoAR, ER and PR. Fischer exact test was applied to determine the association between HMG-CoAR and ER/PR expression. 
Results: HMG CoAR, ER and PR were found positive in 69 (92%), 50 (66.67%) and 38 (50.67%) cases, respectively. HMG CoAR expression showed significant association with ER (p=0.003) as well as with PR (p= 0.014). 
Muhammad Nusrullah*1, Muhammad Younus2 and Yasir Nasir3
...Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.68±10.51 years. Strong relationship was found between the VBGs and ABGs in pH, PCO2 and HCO3 i.e. r=0.913, 0.999 and 0.994 (p-value <0.0001), respectively.
Conclusion: A strong correlation was found among ABG’s and VBGs in patients presenting with COPD.
...
Faisal Masood*1, Ranjit Kumar Sah2 and Ahmad Humayun Sarfaraz3
...us pinning (CRPCP) in management of volar Barton’s fracture by Faisal Technique.
Methods: A total of 10 cases of volar Barton’s fracture fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in our study from August 2015 to August 2016. These cases, presented at our department, were managed with closed reduction under image intensifier by dorsiflexing...
Naveed Rashid*1, Muhammad Aamer2, Uzma Malik3, Nimra Arif4, Muhammad Waqar Akram5 and Ayesha Irshad6
...ccess site amongst end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis. 
Methods: This comparative cross sectional study with quantitative approach was carried out in hemodialysis unit of Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, Lahore for the month of July, 2017. All patients with ESRD, on maintenance hemodialysis through an AVF access for at least last 30 days, were included in the study. Each patient was given a...
Muhammad Younus1*, Sabah Usman2 and Samia Jawed3
...e subjects such as name, age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were recorded. Spirometry of all the subjects was performed on Spirolab iii. Correlation between FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC ratio and body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio was measured by Pearson coefficient. A p value <0.05 was considered as significant. 
Results: In this study mean <...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...ncy of postpartum hemorrhage after administration of per rectal misoprostol in females undergoing normal vaginal delivery. The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 02-09-2014 to 03-03-2015. Non-probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. A total of 220patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term after administration of per rectal misoprostol were enrolled with 95% confidence int...
Bo Wu1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,7, Yan Zhao1, Bin Jiang1, Chengjun Xue3, Muhammad Tariq Javed6, Fazul Nabi2, Zhaoqing Han5,* and Houqiang Luo4,*
...ime found was 40 days of age, with booster at 60 days of age.

...
Ayesha Noreen1, Dilara A. Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1,*
...es of ROS in different stages of cancer, cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis.
...
Madeeha Arshad1, Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1, Shagufta Andleeb2 and Naveed Ahmad3,*
...ties such as skin hemorrhages, microphthalmia, limb deformities, hygromas, kyphosis, curved and short tail and fluid filled abdominal cysts. Significant increase in intrauterine growth retardation and resorptions of fetuses, with increasing dose concentration, was also observed. Morphometric observations of fetal body parts like head circumference, eye circumference, forelimb and hindlimb size and tail length demonstrated a significant (P<0.005) decrease wi...
Xia Lin Zheng1, Zhen Hua Xian1, Zhen De Yang2, Xiu Hao Yang3 and Wen Lu1,*
... Jaapiella sp. damaged leaves, while Contarinia sp. damaged stems and leafstalks. The damage ratio and the index of Jaapiella sp. in December 2012, March, July and December 2013 were 9.7±2.0%, 14.8±1.9%, 24.1±1.5%, 12.3±0.6% and 25.6%, 31.3%, 35.6%, 26.2%, respectively, while those of Contarinia sp. were 33.2±3.4%, 38.4&pl...
Irshad Ali1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Abdul Waheed2, Ferhet Abbas Yousafzai1, Farhat Abbas Bokhari1, Majed Rafeeq1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Adnan Attique1, Shahid Amin3 and Tahir Hameed1
...days and Pre weaning average daily weight gain (Kg) were 25.74±3.7, 101±6.70, 150±17.00, 163±6.8, 189±6.80, 475±21.17 and 0.71±0.13, respectively. Male had higher height at wither, chest girth and length compared to female (P<0.05). It is suggested that Bhag Nari cattle were distinct breed and having upright potential of growth. It could be efficiently used to evolve a new beef breed of the area.
...
Nuzhat Huma1, Fozia Ghaffar1, Saima Rafiq2,*, Imran Pasha1, Aysha Sameen1, Imran Hayat2 and Imtiaz Hussain2
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1, Muhammad Shakir Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Imtiaz Ali Shah1,Sheeraz Ghani1, Amjad Ali2, Zubina Hameed1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3 and Tariq Ali1,3,*
...p>th week. The average birth weight of AJC was 15.75±2.43 kg; while, it was 28.18±0.87 kg for ABC calves. The average weaning weight was 43.56±4.3 kg and 56.5±2.75 kg for AJC and ABC calves, respectively. Whereas, the average weight gains in AJC and ABC calves was 0.331 kg/d and 0.337 kg/d, respectively. Average milk rep...
Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
... regarding the causative agents of CCPP in sheep and goats in Northern Pakistan. The current study was thus aimed to identify relative abundance of members of MM in small ruminants suspected of CCPP in Northern region of Pakistan. A total of 300 samples, (150 sheep and 150 goats) were randomly collected from nasal discharge, pleural fluid and lung tissues, and streaked into Pleuropneumonia like organism (PPLO) medium for isolation and identification of Myco...
Sana Rafique1, Hina Saqib1, Khushi Muhammad2, Nazia Akbar2, Abdul Rauf3, Muzafar Shah4,*
...fection was found in the age group of 10-20 years that was 133(57.3%) followed by age group of 31-40 years that was 129 (57%) and 41-50 years that was 96 (57%). The lowest infection was found in age group above 70 years. Tehsil Mansehra and Tehsil Oghi is more affected than Tehsil Balakot because these two Tehsils are more unhygienic than Balakot. It is concluded from the study that Dengue...

Jahangir khan* and Abbas Ullah Jan 

...hic characteristics like age, education and income have positive significant effects on households’ willingness to pay. Findings of the study also reveal a significant influence of employment status of the household’s head on WTP, whereas household’s size has a negative significant effect on willingness to pay for pesticides- free fruit. Findings of the study indicate that in addition to demographic characteristics, households’ percepti...
Rafa Almeer1,*, A. Alqarni1,2, S. Alqattan3, S. Abdi4,*, S. Alarifi1, Z.Hassan5 and A. Semlali6
...f honey as an anticancer agent.
...

Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla

...parate groups within lineage IV indicating genetic divergence based on N gene. These findings further support the continuous characterization of PPRV strains in small ruminants to support the global eradication plan in 2030. 

...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabayasachi Pal2, Amit Singh2, Ashok Dhananjaybhai Patel3, Bhagubhai Ambaram Patel3Tushar Manohar Ghule2 and Victor Phani1
...agnosis, dimension of damages on citrus, and Bt-cotton under Indian conditions.
...

G. Venkatesan* and Amit Kumar  

...ing India. The causative agent, Orf virus (ORFV) belong to the genus Parapoxvirus (PPV) of the family poxviridae produces a typical papillomatous, cauliflower like external growth around mouth regions and rarely the lesions are found in other parts of the body and internal organs. Another characteristic feature of ORFV including other PPVs is the ability to re-infect the same host and conferring short term immunity in contrast to other pox viruses and also pro...
Mudassar Javed1,Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Sufyan1, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Afzal1
...te block design. The average number of lepidopterous larvae in plots treated with the synthetic insecticides was 1.87 and 2.12 larvae/plant in 2015 and 2016, respectively, compared with 6.5 larvae/plant in untreated control plots. For the botanicals, an average of 2.57 and 2.92 larvae/plant was recorded in 2015 and 2016 respectively, compared with 4.12 in untreated control plots. Among the synthetic insecticides tested, emam...
Ayesha Aihetasham, Saira Shariq and Javed Iqbal Qazi*
...otent biological control agent against H. indicola. Scaleable cultivation of this fungal species and its application for controlling the termite under select situation need further investigation.
...
Zainab Saeed, Abdul Majid Khan*, Ayesha Iqbal, Muhammad Amin
...ene to early Pliocene in age.
...

Muhammad Khalid1,2 and Muhammad Naeem2* 

...eight basis, mean percentage for water was 80.76 %, ash 3.40 %, 4.31 % for fat and 11.53 % for protein in C. idella. Percent water contents showed inverse relationship with % protein (dry and wet body weight), % ash and % organic contents (wet body weight). Wet body weight (W) showed negative correlation (P < 0.001) with percent water, percent fat (dry and wet body weight) and positive correlation with percent protein, ash (wet and dry weight). Total length...
Md. Abu Affan1,*, Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani1, Adnan Jaman Turki2 and Mohammed S.B. Hariri3
...sup>cells/L, with an average of 97.2×103 cells/L. The abundance of microalgae in gut was 137.30×103, 105.30×103 and 204.14×103 cells/g of gut of Tilapia, milkfish and glassfish, respectively. In gut, microalgae of Bacillariophyceae were 60, 81 and 61% among total microalgae in gut content of Tilapia, Milkfish and Glassfish, respectively. There was no microalga on gills. The salinity was 50 to ...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...pulation of the second stage juveniles, and the reproduction rate were detected at the highest levels in untreated soil, whereas low numbers were encountered in soils initially treated with the fungus, L. muscarium. Meloidogyne incognita and other plant parasitic nematodes multiplied significantly more in untreated soil than in treated soil, which clearly indicated that L. muscarium effectively reduced the nematode infestation level in the soil.<...
Qudsia Yousafi1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Aslam3 and Allah Ditta Abid4
... trap was studied for management of this insect pest. The study was conducted on spring sown crop during 2013 in Sahiwal, Pakitan using brinjal variety, Nirala. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments each repeated three times. The treatments were T1= removal of infested shoots, T2= Use of light trap, T3= T1+T2 and T4=control. The seedlings were transplanted on April 21, 2013 keeping plant to plant distance of 30cm....
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Ibrahim A. Alhidary1, Gamaleldin M. Suliman1,2, Abdullah H. Alyemni3, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady3, Faisal A. Alshamiry1,Mohsen M. Alobre1 and Riyadh S. Aljumaah1
...y higher (P<0.05) average daily gain and lower value for the feed conversion ratio of lambs fed TMR2 compared with other dietary groups. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between lambs fed TMRs with different levels of NDF for slaughter and body components parameters, except empty stomach (TMR2) and chill shrink (TMR1). Furthermore, the meat color (L*, a* and b*) values of lambs fed TMR2 were numerically higher compared with other groups wit...
Ai Guo1,2,3, Jiaguang Xiao4, Binbin Shan4, Tianxiang Gao5 and Yongdong Zhou3,*
...drial genomes of two lineages in Coilia mystus were compared. They were all typical circular double stranded DNA molecule with 17075 bp in C. mystus N and 16964 bp in C. mystus S, respectively, containing the standard metazoan set of 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and non-coding regions. The mitogenomes of C. mystus N and C. mystus S shared the identical structural organization and gene ...

Mohammed Al Mahish* 

...o examine the effect of wage increase on the U.S. lettuce market by using Equilibrium Displacement Model. The paper estimates lettuce demand using Rotterdam demand model. The results show that the demand for lettuce is price and income inelastic, and lettuce is a necessity good. The results of the supply model show that the supply of lettuce is price inelastic, and wage increase has a negative impact on lettuce supply. The t...

Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam 

...ue comprising of three stages was used to randomly select 200 farming households in the study area. Data were collected using questionnaire and were analyzed using the Gini-coefficient and the Ordinary Least Square method. The result showed an overall gini-coefficient for gender inequality in schooling of 0.35, with the value for boys and girls at 0.35 and 0.49 respectively. Mother’s education, age of the household hea...

Shahen Shah1*, Manzoor Hussain1, Arshad Jalal1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan2, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Ilyas1 and Muhammad Uzair3 

...text-align: justify;">Management of nutrients has a great impact over the yield and quality of crops as well as soil health. An experiment was performed to investigate the impact of nutrients management and application time over the yield and yielding attributes of wheat at the Agronomy Research Farm in the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2014-15. The experiment was designed in RCBD with split plo...

Muhammad Siddiq1*, Sahib Alam2, Hamid Ullah Shah2, Zafar Iqbal2, Kalsoom Siddiq3 and Taufeq Ahmad4 

...ted that the highest average scores for appearance (6.90), taste (7.57), texture (8.00), color (7.67) and overall acceptability (7.56) were obtained by potato chips that were fried in 10:90% olive/palm oil blend whereas the minimum scores for the aforementioned parameters were recorded with 60:40% blend. The frying frequency of the oil blends also significantly (p<0.05) affected the sensory attributes of potato chips. Generally, the sensory quality of the p...

Ansaar Ahmed1, Imtiaz Hussain2*, Ibni Amin Khalil3, Subhanulla3, Gulzar Ahmed3, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Imtiaz2  

...led labor, intensive tillage and more water for irrigation. In this study, zero tillage and bed planting effect in comparison with farmer practice on maize-wheat system productivity was evaluated at five sites in district of Nowshera, KP province during 2014-2016. Maize grain yield with bed planting and manual planting on flat surface were non-significantly different. Because of weed infestation, there was 30 percent lower m...

Sadiqa Begum1, Murad Khan2* and Noor Pao Khan

...op. Furthermore, two villages were selected from each district i.e. Lakarai and Barbar Opazai of district Peshawar and Khawo and Shamshad Abad of district Mardan. A questionnaire was used to collect data proportionately from 93 sample respondents. Budget allocation technique is used for calculation of cost, revenue and profit and dummy approach is used for comparative analysis while multiple regression model is used to estimate the relationship between inputs ...

Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4* 

...recorded at particular stages of rice (tillering, milking and booting) with effect of abiotic factors (temperature and relative humidity). In last, the varietal screening of 30 local rice varieties in term of pest population was observed. The data were collected for two rice growing seasons 2012 to 2013. In results, the maximum mean population of 15.25 WBPH/25 hills at 38 0C with 50% relative humidity was observed in district Badin in the first week of August,...
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Abdul Wasay2, Tariq Ali1,*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Khisrao Kalim1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3, Muhammad Mobashar2, Nazir Ahmad2, Abid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1
...ect of different weaning ages on the growth performance of cattle calves to reduce ECM. Nine calves (Achai crossed Jersey) were randomly distributed into three weaning age groups viz., A = 90, B = 70, and C = 110 days. In group A, calves were fed with whole milk at 10% of live body weight (LBW) for 4-7 days after initial colostrum feeding at 10% of LBW. From 8-30 days they received milk at 10% LBW + calf starter ratio...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3,*
... arrangement and codon usage analyzed. Phylogenetic Bayesian and ML analyses were conducted, using a concatenated set of 12 protein-coding genes, and adding 16 other species of gobies (Gobiidae). The mitogenome sequences of O. lacepedii, O. rebecca and Odontamblyopus sp. were all circular double-strand molecules, 17245 bp, 17009 bp and 17004 bp long, respectively. Compared with other bony fishes, the three species shared the similar featur...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
...lem can be solved with usage of anesthetic combinations. This study was aimed at comparative evaluation of two anesthetics combinations viz. ketamine-xyalzine (K+X) and ketamine-xylazine-diazepam (K+X+D). A total of 20 ducks presented at pet center University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore were divided into 2 equal groups each carrying 10 birds. The birds were monitored for various physiological parameters before and after anesthesia. The bird...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...ctors in the survey were age of enterprise, province of enterprise (Agri, Kars and Erzurum), educational level, membership status of enterprise to an association of beekeepers (member and nonmember), other activities except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives, bee race (Caucasian, Carniolan, Italian and Crossbred), and frequency of changing queen bee. MARS outperformed multiple linear regression, and CART in honey yield per hive. No solution f...

Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1 and Inayatullah Rajper2  

...heir role in the pest management and fertility of the soil. 

...
Muhammad Mobashar1, Muhammad Tahir1, Shahbaz Javaid2,*, Muhammad I. Anjum2, Insha Gul3, Nazir Ahmad1 andAbdul Sami1
...three harvest maturity stages on nutritive value of oat hay and milk yield and composition. Total of 9 Holstein Friesian lactating cows with nearly similar lactation stage and body weight were fed on three rations with proportions of 40% oat hay from different maturity stages i.e. boot, flowering and dough and 60% total mixed ration. The results showed that animals fed with oat hay ...

Muhammad Zahid1, Naeem Iqbal1, Sohaib Muhammad2*, Summiya Faisal3, Wajid Mahboob3, Makhdoom Hussain4 and Zaheer ud din Khan2 

...nters extreme water shortage. In order to reduce the adversities of drought, glucose was exogenously applied at various phenological stages on wheat variety “AARI-11” and desiccation tolerance potentials were assessed through growth, yield and physiological attributes. Glucose was supplied in various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mM) as seed priming and foliar spray treatments at vegetative and reproductive...

Saima Siddiqui1*, Ghulm Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Abdul Sattar Buriro

...es indicated that on average maize intercropped with cotton as trap crop resulted in the lowest density of jassid, thrips and whitefly and the higher population of predators, G. ochropterus, Orius spp. and Zanchius sp. per plant. 

...

Ghulam Abbas1, Khalid Pervez Akhtar1, Muhammad Ahsan2, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Fiaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Rizwan3* 

...ectly as varieties to manage the disease after evaluation for acceptable agronomic characteristics, adaptation, and stability in various regions or can be used as a resistant source in further breeding programs 

...
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
... presence of diverse lineage specific strains in sore throat patients. However, the intraspecific association was noticed among these genes. Coa and spa polymorphism and association analysis indicated that spa negative isolates possess Coa of 1200 and 900bp, whereas spa positive isolates contain Coa of 650bp and 750bp. The most prevalent genes, spa, CPs8 and sea may be considered as molecular targe...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
... data on socio-economic (age, province, educational level, experience, social security, lands and the reason at ranching of the animal breeders) and biological factors (sex, first live weight before fattening and fattening period of the beef cattle) were recorded from the related beef cattle enterprises. For the statistical evaluation of MARS algorithm, the package “earth” of the R software was employed based on ...
Ali Karabayir1,*, Nazan Arifoğlu2 and Mustafa Öğütcü3
...Rock, Australorp and Village (local mix-breed village chickens) was evaluated in the present study. Supplementation of disinfectant clearly improved the microbiological quality of chicken drinking water, by reducing the total bacteria, coliform and E.coli counts. On the other hand, disinfectant addition decreased feed and water intake of all chicken strains. Furthermore, the results revealed that feed and water intake...

Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1 

...oliar spray at booting stage. Days to anthesis, leaf area tiller-1, leaf area index, plant height, days to physiological maturity and biological yield were significantly increased by both N and Zn while the same parameters except days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity were also significantly enhanced by using Fe. Result revealed that higher leaf area tiller-1 (113 cm2), leaf area index (2.3), plant height (100 cm), biological yield (11431 kg ha-1) by...

Muhammad Ishfaq1*, Nadeem Akbar1, Imran Khan1, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Usman Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Ahmad1, Mumtaz Ahmad2 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1 

... in S3 treatment. Percentage of sterile spikelet (9.5%), abortive kernel (9.7%) were highest in broadcasting treatments. Maximum net income (USD. 1097.2 ha-1) was obtained from S3 (22.50 cm row spacing) treatment under dry field conditions and BCR 1.5 was recorded in 22.50 cm spaced rows. In sum, 22.50 cm spaced rows are optimum for successful and economic rice productivity under direct seeded rice. 

...
Naeem Ahmad1,* and Zulqurnain2*
...P>0.05). However, average monthly weight gain, final total wet weight (WW) and weight gain with increase in TL were higher in GIFT-Th as compared to GIFT-Tw (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FCR, SGR and K values measured for both treatments (P>0.05). These findings suggested that GIFT-Th has better genetic factors for weight gain as compared to GIFT-Tw, and should be preferred for farming, however an economic analysis for both strains ...
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
...tion parameters (Hd: average daily sum of global irradiation per square meter and Hm: average annually sum of global irradiation per square meter), several predictors viz. ESTLOSTEMP (estimated losses due to temperature and low irradiance), ESTLOSANGREF (estimated loss due to angular reflectance effect), and COMPVLOSS (Combined Photo Voltaic system losses) were calculated. Estimation of global irradiation parameters was made...
Shoukat Ara1, Sheikh Adil2,*and Manzoor Ahmad Khan3
...reatments at 19 weeks of age. A non-significant (p>0.05) improvement was observed in the egg weight, shell thickness and weight in all the groups fed Azolla in the diet (T2, T3, T4 and T5) when compared with the control group (T1). The differences in the total number of eggs laid, % hen-day-egg production, various external and internal egg parameters under different treatments were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, Azolla

Aftab Khan, Shahid Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz 

... selected through multistage sampling technique. Primary data on net revenue from maize crop was collected through an interview schedule and secondary data on temperature and precipitation was collected from Regional Metrological Department, Peshawar. Cross sectional Ricardian Model was used to estimate the effect of temperature and precipitation on net revenue. Results of the study revealed that temperature has positive effect and temperature square has negat...

Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan

Iqbal Javed1*, Amar Razzaq2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Ali Imran4, Haroon Javaid5, Iftikhar Nabi6, Anum Sardar1 and Shahbaz Ahmad

...vealed comparative advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) were estimated for the export of mutton to all existing international markets. According to the finding of the current study under hand internal markets are categorized into three categories of with high potential markets, low potential markets and markets with no potential. First Category of markets with no potential include Afghanistan, ...

Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3 

...uality depends on the management practices. Tomato attributes were studied under controlled condition using manures and pressmud incombination with foliar spray of macro-nutrients and naphthalien acetic acid (NAA) and compared with inorganic soil applied fertilizers. The results of the study showed significantly higher number of branches, chlorophyll content in the treatment recieving inorganic fertilizers, the manures in combination with foliar NPK was compar...

Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Saeed Akhtar2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3* and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

...h canal, tubewell and sewage irrigation water, were assessed for their proximate (moisture, ash, protein and fiber) and heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe and Cr) contents. Significant differences were found for proximate composition of canal, tubewell and sewage water irrigated vegetables. The vegetables grown with tubewell water had higher moisture, ash and fiber contents compared with those grown with canal and sew

Muhammad Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem* 

...creased fish meal percentage and maximum plant origin sources showed an increment in length-weight variants. Present findings indicate that fish dislike the fish meal diet and preferred the plant origin sources 

...

Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali, Liaquat Ali Jamali, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro*, Shakeel Hussain Chattha, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto, Naseer Ahmed Abbasi and Noor Mehdi Qumi  

...ion with unfavorable storage conditions. Keeping the fact in view a study observing post-harvest losses of sugarcane was carried out at the Department of Farm Structures, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Freshly harvested SPF-234 sugarcane variety was collected and stored for 10 days under two different methods i.e. one kept open and other covered with sugarcane trash. The samples of sugarcane were taken at an interval of 24 hours to determine different...
Shabana*, Saleem Ullah Shahid and Shahida Hasnain
...subjects and 225 healthy age and sex matched controls were analyzed for lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL). The results showed that Pakistani obese patients are hyperlipidemic except for HDL, which is low in obesity. The anthropometric traits were significantly different between dyslipidemic obese subjects and nondyslipidemic non obese subjects. In conclusion, obesity is accompanied by a dyslipidemic profile and increased w...
Shafaq Fatima*, Sumrin Sahar and Khalid Lone
... observed at different stages of gonadal development. T and 11-KT played key role in progress of testicular development and final maturation in June however, spawning in captivity was not observed. Role of P and 17α-HP was identified more as substrate of sex steroids. Higher levels of sex steroids suppressed the synthesis of cortisol presumably interfering with pituitary-inter-renal axis.
...
Haroon Rashid1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Tasleem Ghori2, Mamoona Chaudhry3, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir1, Muhammad Hamid Chaudhary4, Muhammad Asad Ali1, Mian Muhammad Khubaib Sattar5, Javed Muhammad1 and Bhushan Jayarao6
... were collected from villages (n = 397, 5 samples/village) and examined for Bacillus anthracis, using real time PCR assays. Soil samples were found positive for plasmid DNA of Bacillus anthracis (CapB) in 3 villages (n= 3/1985, 0.15%), whereas plasmid DNA of Bacillus anthracis (PA) was detected in soil samples of 4 villages, (n=4/198...
Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Muhammad Asif, Rabia Tabassum, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...ivity.
...
Wajid Ali1,*, Asma Karim1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Ghulam Mustafa4, Zeeshan Shafique1, Ijaz Anwar1
...experimental fish was damage severely resulting Necrosis, Damaged nuclei , rupturing of epithelial cells, Mucous cells and severe lamellar fusion. It was concluded that, deltamethrine is highly toxic for non-target aquatic organisms like silver carp (Hypophthalmicthyes molitrix).
...
Faxiang Wang, Yan Chen, Sai Chen, Xianghong Li, Jian Yu, Jianhui Wang and Yongle Liu*
...he influence of cold storage on composition and properties of grass carp protein. The results show that muscle proteins of grass carp were degraded and underwent conformational changes when stored at 4 °C, and significant changes of the proteins content, as shown by the SDS-PAGE fingerprint, was observed after 6 days of storage. Protein’s surface hydrophobicity and total SH conte...

Sana Rana1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1 

...plusmn;0.01). The percentage recovery of CAT for control and DM+END exposed fish was calculated as 52.21±1.41 and 43.10±1.41, respectively. Results further indicated that after each step of partial purification total protein contents and percentage recovery decreased from crude extract to desalted sample while fold purification was increased. The maximum activity of purified CAT was recorded at 6.0 pH and 30&de...

Abdur Rehman1* and Shad Khan Khalil2 

...is often limited by shortage of water during reproductive stages. Salicylic acid, potassium nitrate and methanol are considered to induce drought tolerance in plants. Field trials were conducted at Agricultural Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan to study the effects of moisture stress and foliar application of chemicals at different growth stages on canola growth and phenology du...

Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3 

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman

...f union councils and villages in tehsil Sargodha was obtained from local district office of the Population Welfare Department. All rural families live in tehsil Sargodha served as population in the study. Tehsil Sargodha was selected purposively. Of the 62 rural union councils, four were selected purposively and from each selected union council two villages were selected purposively. Hence, from each vill
Yang Liu1,2,3, Baimei Liu1,2,3, Chenchen Li1,2,3 and Meiwen An1,2,3,*
..., which can regulate collagen synthesis and deposition. To investigate collagen metabolism in keratinocytes and fibroblasts co-culture under pressure, and study the role of IL-1α and MMP-3 in terms of regulating fibroblasts-keratinocytes collagen metabolism with pressure.Chitosan-gelatin scaffolds were fabricated by vacuum freeze drying. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were seeding o...
Haozhen Liu1, Xiangfu Li2, Yinong Wang1,*, Xun Liu3,4, Li Wang1, Dong Liu1, Chen Chen1, Jinjing Li1, Haifeng Jiao5 and Zhongjie You1,5
...s of macrobenthic assemblages. Result showed that most of variation in macrobenthic spatial patterns were explained by the studied environmental variables. Sedimentary sulfide, sedimentary total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and water colour are the certain environmental factors that have proved shaping the distribution of macrobenthic abundance, diversity and multivariate structure of the assemblages.
...

Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba 

...eriment taking as an average of the three replications. Nutrients such as K, P and selected micronutrients concentration in shoot and root were determined once after harvest of crop and shown as mean of three replications. Results showed that different combination of P yielded significant response in plant growth parameter. It was found that split application of P equally as soil and foliar caused an increase in biomass and grain yield. With respect to post ha...
Ali Murad Rahoo1, Tariq Mukhtar2,*, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...N) as biological control agents of specific target insects depends on their level of infectivity and reproductive capacity. Nematodes with higher levels of infectivity and reproduction within a specific target host may be more effective in controlling a particular insect under field conditions. The production of infective juveniles (IJ) from Galleria mellonella cadavers may differ among different species of EPN and hosts of various sizes. Therefore, the...
Şehriban Çek Yalnız 1,* and Erdal Yilmaz2
...etected at the advance stage of atresia. Apoptosis in the granulosa cells were clearly detected. The chromatin condensation against the nuclear envelope, cell shrinkage, surface blebbing and generation of apoptotic bodies by cell fragmentation were evidence of apoptosis. In pre and postovulatory follicles, karyorhexis and the budding phenomena were clearly detected. Karyorhexis and budding phenomena were also the sing of apo...
Peng Xu1, Bin Liu1,2, Yongqiang Zhao3, Shicheng Lv3 and Changhu Lu1,*
...pecies protection and management. Here, based on the annual maximum population size of red-crowned crane wintering in Yancheng Nature Reserve (YNR) from 1981 to 2016, we tested the correlation between population size and the climate variables. The results showed that mean air temperature in wintering period showed a linear upward trend. Annual maximum wintering crane population was 623±33. Fitting the population size and the climate variables in the sam...

Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6 

...the need for improved management of this diminishing resource to ensure high water productivity. In order to cope with this situation, it is imperative to make use of available water resources more efficiently through high-efficiency irrigation systems (HEIs). The present study aimed to conduct the economic analysis of high efficiency irrigation systems in Punjab province of Pakistan. We also measured and compared the water productivity of modern and conventio...

Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah

...tivators and also market agents were quizzed by using structured questionnaires in two related districts that is Haripur and Mansehra in the year 2013-14. The data were analyzed by using SPSS Package version 22 for calculating marketing marginal analysis and cross-tabulation were also been employed. The studied statistics of the land size of chosen pea’s farmers fluctuated amongst 0.878 to 31.26 acres having mean of 4....
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4
...nfants above 6 months of age with their mothers’ literacy level, employment, physical and financial health. This study was conducted at Kishwar Fazal Teaching Hospital Lahore in an OPD pediatrics. For this purpose, cross sectional survey data of 34 conservative mothers was analyzed, obtained by means of questionnaire. Initiation of weaning process at proper time is found to be somewhat finance limited factor. Total 17 and 1 out of 34 cases were sufficien...

Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma

...an estimate per capita usage of edible oil in the country is 15 kg, this is even higher than the consumption in countries with same economic status of economical evolution. Overall requirements for this purpose in 2028–30 is estimated at approximately 5.30 million/tons from which domestic share could be only 1.99 million/tons. Generally, the genetically modified cotton (Bacillus thuringiensis) was acquaint in Pakistan during the first decade of this cent...
Merica Slišković1, Meta Povž2, Marina Piria3,*, Goran Jakšić4, Ana Gracanin5 andGorana Jelić Mrčelić1
... fishing techniques. The age, condition, length-weight relationship (LWR), 20 morphometric and four meristic traits, were analysed. Fulton condition coefficient and LWR value indicated that sichel specimens’ were well adapted to the environmental conditions. Positive allometry in both males and females were observed (W = 0.004 L3.119). This represents the first LWR dataset for sichel. The morphometric and meristic traits values f...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...gnificant association of age (OR= 3.267; CI = 1.686-6.331) and herd size (OR = 2.600; CI = 1.421-4.760) with CCIT positivity. Similarly, induction of new animals into the herd (OR= 2.661; CI = 1.758-4.028) and sheltering the animals at night (OR= 2.448; CI = 1.568-3.882) also showed association with a positive skin test. The herd owners and animal handlers had poor knowledge regarding signs, symptoms and the zoonotic nature of the infection. Three primary sign...

Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1* 

...n acute deficiency of forages for livestock both in terms of dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN). Green forage availability fluctuates in months of the year due to prevailing climate. Alfalfa, with higher potential, can be adjusted in the cropping system for supplying green forage around the year. Nonetheless, its initial growth for stand establishment is a major issue. Tre...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1*, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Dakwang Nalong1, Rengkat Jonah1 and Olabode Mayowa

...o found to increase with age. The prevalence was higher (44.1%) in animals older than 2 years than in those below 2years (31.3%) (P=0.022; OR=4.58). In sheep and goats, the prevalence based on sex was also higher in males (35.3%) and about five times more likely to occur than in females (17.9%) (P=0.015; Odds ratio=5.44). The seropositivity was also shown to increase with age and about five times more likely to occur in
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...advance radical Islamist agendas. By identifying sharia as the theme and religious leaders as its enablers, such an explanation facilitates our understanding of the causes and backers of this religious radicalism.
...

Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5 

...resulted from water, tillage, soil, salinization, and overgrazing. Moderate (0.49) index of water degradation and the changing climatological index were light but the reduction of drainage density of water runoff and slope gradient reduction of soil index was severe. The tillage degradation index value moderate (0.57), overgrazing index (0.32) fall in the severity scale category. Soil stru...

Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1 

... prefer to use higher dosages of Urea and low grade P-based fertilizers. This anomaly is negatively affecting productivity of major crops in general and high value crops in particular. Presently average weighted tax rate on all fertilizers is 5.83 percent. The imposition of uniform tax rate of 5% on all fertilizers, without cash subsidy on urea will reduce financial implication to Rs. 43 billion and at 2% tax rate financial ...

Muhammad Luqman1, Raheel Saqib2*, Mujahid Karim1, Khalid Nawab2, Abdur Rehman3 and Muhammad Yaseen1 

... loss was the main advantage of agro-forestry as perceived by majority of respondents. There was highly significant relationship between educational status, income source and size of land holding and perceived poverty. It was very much easy to predict the poverty status (dependent variable) of respondents through their physical, financial and human assets/capitals (independent variables) 

...
Yuan Li1, Liyan Zhang2, Karhoe Loh3, Ji Feng1, Xinqing Zheng1, Puqing Song1 and Longshan Lin1,*
... two major haplotype lineages were detected that were differentiated approximately 0.3 million years ago. These two haplotype lineages differed significantly in frequency distribution of Chinese and Malaysian populations, showing an imperfect geographical pedigree structure. Results of AMOVA also showed that the genetic differentiation was mainly among populations. According to the distribution of the haplotypes, an ancestra...

Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1  

.... Demographics including age group, educational status, occupation, type of marriage, number of children, history of blood transfusion and trimester of pregnancy were statistically associated with prevalence of IgG antibody (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant association (χ2 = 12.571; p = 0.028) between age group and IgG antibody. The age group &g...

Inzimamul Haq1*, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmed1, Qamar Zeb2 and Amjad Usman

...n the integrated pest management of Chilo partellus in maize field, basic studies on the efficacy of some insecticides against Chilo partellus in Jalal variety of maize and selectivity for the bio-control agent, T. chilonis were carried out under field conditions at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab Peshawar during 2016. Treatments viz Proclaim (Emamectin benzoate® 1.9 EC) + T. chilonis, Confidor® (Imidacloprid...

Saeed Ahmad Shah Chishti1, Mudassar Iqbal1*, Nusrat Parveen1, Kashif Nadeem1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Umbreen Shahzad2, Rana Husnain Shabbir1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1 

...limax (6.94 t/ha) on average basis. It yielded 13 % more than better check (Pea-2009). The most distinguishing trait of this variety is its greater pod width (2.04 cm) than Pea-2009 (1.87 cm), Meteor (1.59 cm) and Climax (1.61 cm) and more No. of pods per plant. Sarsabz is 27 days earlier in pod bearing than Climax and five days than Pea-2009. It is suitable for early planting (mid of October) as well as for normal planting (Mid of November). Its seed is light...

Ali Muhammad*, Yasser Durrani, Majid Suhail Hashmi, Ihsan Mabood Qazi, Muhammad Ayub and Saifullah 

...rval of one week for storage period of one month. The treatments were T0 (not treated), T1 (neutralized with NaOH) and T2 (neutralized with NaHCO3). Statistical analysis showed that storage intervals and treatments had a significant (p<0.05) effect on physicochemical and sensory quality of neutralized whey. 

...

Shaista Naz1*, Noor Paio Khan1, Naveed Afsar2 and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah3

...straints in livestock management have not been properly explored yet. To fill in the gap, the present research study was carried out to determine women’s participation in the types of livestock rearing, their livestock possession, participation in livestock activities, and the major faced constraints in livestock management in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of the country. For this, a sample size of 117 women respondents ...

Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1 

...eristics of respondents (age and income) that can affect their perceptions, their adaptation strategies, and obstacles faced in adaptation. The results of the study need to be interpreted with caution, as we did not focus on other determinants like education, role of media, and government policies that can affect farmers’ choices to adopt climate resilient farming practices.  

...

Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai

...ost function. Respondent age, farming experience, education, family size, off-farm income, farm to home distance, tenancy and extension contacts are determinants in allocative inefficiency model. Results of the study revealed that except farmyard manure and pesticides all other explanatory variables are significant influencing factors in total cost of sugarcane production in district Charsadda. In socio-economic characteristics family size and extension contac...

Waqas Ali* and Mudasser Habib 

...elihood) showed that lineages Pan Asia II, An Iran-05, and Group VII within serotype O, A and Asia 1 are causing majority of the outbreaks in the Pakistan during recent years. Moreover, only one residue of VP1 region was under positive selection pressure for serotype A (position 141) located in known critical antigenic region but as a whole protein was under negative selection pressure for serotype O, A and Asia 1. Therefore, under mass vaccination campaigns a...
Mehwish Aftab, Tariq Mahmud*, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra, Aqsa Gulzar, Sumaira Basharat and H.M. Junaid
...xes are good antioxidant agents as compared to Trolox (standard) and ligand was less active as compared to Trolox. The Schiff base ligand and its metal (III) complexes showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus by disc diffusion method and antifungal activity against Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum. The metal (III) complexes are highly active under permissible limits.
...
Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed
...atients (100%) due to damage and accumulation ofkeratan sulfate (KS) in macular layer of corneal stroma. 87% cases have high vision loss and 13% patients have moderate vision loss. MCD were bilateral in all cases (100%). Cases of MCD were observed in all age groups but 40% cases were found in age 21-30 years. IOP was found to be normal in most of the cases and also increases as

Mohsin Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2, Muhammad Usman Raja2, Muhammad Fiaz3 and Muhammad Nadeem1 

...pests of chickpea in storages and renders the grains unfit for human consumption. In current studies, entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were used as the bio-control agents against this economic pest and proved good alternatives to chemicals. Less number of eggs (2 per grain), more number of holes (8.3 per grain), less number of F1 adults (20.3 per jar) and more number of days (7) to 100% m...
İnan Kaya1,*, Muhitdin Yılmaz2, Müge Mavioğlu Kaya3,Abdulsamed Kükürt4 and Mahmut Karapehlivan5
...b> value caused liver damage by increasing the oxidative stress of Capoeta capoeta.
...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2

 

...53%. Another risk factor age suggested that younger animals were more affected (60.17%) as compared to older ones (29.41%). It was also observed that animals in closed housing system were more affected as compared to open housed animals. When comparative efficacy of diagnostic tests was done then the results of RT-PCR was found significant (P>5), than complement fixation test.
...
Ashraf M. Mounir, A.N. El shahat* and A.M. Abdul Azeem
...ardio protective natural agent in MI.
...
Tahira Batool1*, Nabila Roohi1, Athar Mahmud
...d conditions of house management. For slaughter and carcass characteristics at the age of eighteen weeks, 72 birds including 18 from each variety with 6 from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered. The collected data were analyzed by statistical analysis system (SAS, 9.1) software through factorial Analysis of Variance technique (ANOVA) and means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range (DMR) test. The ...
Asima Bano1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Hira Sherawat3, Muhammad Mutlib4, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram Qazi6, Sajida Naseem5, Rabia Ishaq1, Iram Liaqat2 
...g from breast cancer and age matched healthy individuals (control) were collected. The results revealed decline in the level of these enzymes in breast cancer patients as compared to healthy individuals because of this decline the overall level of protein was also found to be decline. It is concluded from the study that these enzymes can be used as biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer. 
...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...inst all developmental stages including eggs of O. afrasiaticus. Oxamyl was found to be very effective in controlling the adult of O. afrasiaticus with a little effect on its eggs under laboratory conditions. The mortality percentages of O. afrasiaticus were 61.79, 73.58 and 82.90%; 62.87, 73.77 and 83.32%; 71.70, 82.23 and 92.37% after one week of exposure to the quarter recommended dose (QRD), half rec...

Muhammad Arshad*, Sabeeta Jan, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam, Shiguftah Khalid and Muahmmad Ayub Khan 

...ight, oil content percentage and Seed Yield. Results of ANOVA revealed that there is remarked variation among all hybrids under study for seed yield and other allied character while non-significant differences were observed for replications except days to flower initiation. In the present study both positive and negative correlations were found between different traits. Days to flower initiation (DFI), days to flower completion (DFC) and days to maturity (DM) ...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...ine the influence of dam age, genotype, birth weight, year, sex and birth type at lambing, weaning weight, weaning age, grazing period and weight at the end of the grazing period on pasture revenue, which is defined as the obtained revenue per lamb from weaning period to the end of the grazing period. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) data mining algorithms in addition to least squares method were scrutinized c...
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
...nfection Rate (MIR). Average MIR was highest being 3.52 and 2.94 in late rainy season in 2011 and 2012, respectively, while it was highest (3.06) in early post rainy season in 2013. Results also revealed significant correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient ofdetermination r2 of MIR with air temperature in all seasons, strongest in early post-rainy season while with humidity and rainfall; these were significant in only early rainy and ...
Ghazunfar Rashid1, Muhammad Avais1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Rais Ahmed3,*, Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque4, Mehtab Ahmad5Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Naimat Ullah Khan6
...ected from different villages of Okara, Pattoki and Ravi areas of the Province Punjab. Nitrate contents of different parts of the fodder plants were estimated qualitatively through the Diphenylamine Filed Test (DFT) and quantitatively by spectrophotometry. The nitrate levels were highest in Jowar, followed by Jai, Shaljam, Makai, Bajra and Sarson. The concentrations were lower in the afternoon in the leaves and in mature crops as compared to stem parts, immatu...

Jafar Aqeel Naqi1, Abdul Mateen1, Dilawar Hussain2,*, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Sajjad Hussain1 and Abuzar Tabasum1 

...oncentration (MCHC). Average mean weight gain (11.03±0.8g) and average mean length (7.8±0.4cm) was observed maximum in T4 as compared to other dietary treatments. There observed a significant difference (P<0.05) in FCR among all the dietary treatments with highest in T4 (0.59±0.32). Dietary treatment T5 (10/500g) showed significance difference (P<0.05) in red blood ...
Tevfik Ceyhan1,*, Osman Samsun2 and Okan Akyol1
...;0.40, respectively. The age of garfish was between 1 and 4 years. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters with standard errors were L= 55.74 ±26.75 cm, K= 0.28 ±0.42, and t0=-1.68 ±2.02. Natural, fishing and total mortality of the garfish were 0.47, 0.69 and 1.16, respectively. The current study revealed that about 68% of the fish caught were of size smaller than the first maturity length. In addition,...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Dai Guilin1,*, Chen Zhuo1, Yin Hengbin1 and Muhammad Noman2
...everal economic disadvantages. In order to manage this fishery resource recommended target reference point (TRP) for MSY in Pakistani marine waters along the Sindh coast is between 1500-1700 t. Moreover, the harvest of this fishery resource beyond 1750 t should be considered as limiting reference point (LRP) which will result in economic loss.
...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...tion of fewer pathogenic agents in this study cannot be ruled out. There has not been any report of zoonotic infection in ornamental fish handlers in Lahore. There is one message that it should be assumed that zoonotic organisms are always present and safety measures should be used to limit the spread of these infections. Potential risk of zoonotic infections through contact with ornamental fish is discussed.
...

Nadia Khan1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Naveed Ahmed1, Zafar Iqbal2, Seemab Ali1, Madiha Bashir1 and Hina Gul3  

... possess anti-pathogenic agent against tested bacterial species. 

...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ammarah Hasnain2, Ateeq ur Rehman1 and Rashida Perveen1 

...nt role in biological management strategies for the control of BLB of rice. The present research may provide an avenue for the formulation of new bactericides for future uses. 

...

Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3 

... higher mortality percentage of weeds after weeds free (hand weeded) plots having (63.61 %), (62.64 %) and (100%) mortality percentages respectively. The plots treated with Buctril-super, Clean wave, Brominal-M, Sectril-M and hand weeding produced a higher number of tillers, plant height, spike length, and biological yield when compared with other treatments. The highest biological yield (10.55 t. ha-1) and grain yield (3.57...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...f drugs tested. Finally, age, grazing system, use of beta-lactam antibiotics, parity, and poor hygiene were potential risk factors. Altogether, the study concluded high incidence of SCM and isolation rate of staphylococci that were found resistant against most of the commonly used antibiotics.
...

*Nageen Fatima1, Sadia Murawwat1 and Syeda Ameena Rizvi1

EVALUATION OF IMAGE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF TRUE COMPRESSION ON 2-D IMAGE
..."text-align: justify;">Image compression, an application of data compression, widely use in advance multimedia, communication and graphical systems is used to minimize storage requirements and transmission cost. It increases transmission rate by decreasing redundancy of image data in either lossy or lossless compression means. In this research work, comparison of compression techniques is ...

 *Irum Javed1, Muhammad Asgher2, Sadia Noreen1, Humara Naz Majeed1 and Tanzila Sahar1

SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURE RESIDUE AS SUBSTRATE
...ng of citric acid and management of agro-industrial waste products. This project was carried out in order to evaluate the enhanced production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger using agro-industrial wastes. In the first step of study the liquid state fermentation (LSF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus niger was compared using molasses based medium and the different carrier substrate. In a second set of study wheat bran was utilized for citric...

M. Tariq Javed1, Nazir Ahmad2, Gulbeen Saleem3, Haleema Sadia4, Farkhanda Manzoor5 and Ghulam Hussain Dilbar

EFFECT OF AGE AND SEASON ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF BUFFALO BULL - A REVIEW
...uffalo bull at different age and in different seasons has been published with conflicting reports. An effort is made to review the literature gathered from different sources on semen characteristics in buffalo bulls which will be helpful to researchers and allied professionals in future research or policy planning. The review is bifurcated in different sections for easy understanding of the facts. The review suggests and effect of age<...

 Muhammad Akram and Faheem Aftab

THIDIAZURON INDUCES IN VITRO BUD BREAK AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT FROM NODAL EXPLANTS OF ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS OF MAIDENHAIR TREE (GINKGO BILOBA L.)
...shoot length and 7.2 average number of leaves for another 10 days. Similarly, all other TDZ’s concentrations below 1 uM were also effective in bud breaking and development of shoots with green and vigorous growth. The frequency of bud break was significantly reduced with the increasing concentrations of TDZ. There were 2 phases of callus formation on the explant, i.e., before bud break and after the break. The frequency of callus induction was highest (1...

 Tanzeela Riaz*†, Farah Rauf Shakoori, Syed Shahid Ali

Toxicity of phosphine against tolerant and susceptible populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from Punjab, Pakistan
...lowed by developmental stages is 4th instar ˃ 6th instar ˃ adult.  Adult insects seemed to be more sensitive to phosphine compared to 6th and 4

Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*

Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats
...roup (P<0.0001). SDS page analysis revealed an overall decreased expression of various proteins in both experimental groups. The protein fractions of 317, 212, 178, 134, 89, 74 and 68 KDa were found in Group 1 compared to control (331, 215, 180, 139, 112, 91, 75 and 69 KDa). However, protein fraction of 202, 171, 136 and 91 KDa were present in Group 2 compared to control. These findings confirmed that paper industry leachate is extremely noxious and induce ...

 Mian Azhar Ahmad1†*, Nawab Mohammad Khan2, Asmatullah3

Anatomical variations of hepatobiliary triangle in patients operated laparoscopically for gallbladder diseases from Lahore and Sahiwal
...ts irrespective of their age, sex, past history of acute cholecystitis and obesity were subjected to Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients’ age was between 18-70 years, gender ratio was 1:3.5 with female dominance, mean operative time 99.6 minutes and patients remained admitted for 1–3days. The procedure was performed successfully in 91% of the cases. In 09% cases, a conversion to standard open cholecystectomy ...

 Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2

Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
...or next 5days by oral gavage. On the 16th day blood, liver and kidney were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis.Cr+6 treated group showed severe histological changes like necrosis, cirrhosis and dehydration in liver evident by significant elevation of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total protein, bilirubin, globulin, creatine and uric acid along with re...

 Hamda Azmat1, Waqas Ali2, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Zara Saeed1,Syed Shafiq Hussain Bukhari4

Chromium contamination in water, sediment and its bioaccumulation in Indian major carps in River Chenab, Pakistan
... mg/L, respectively. Average metal concentration detected from sediment samples was 71.08±8.32 mg/L. Maximum Cr concentration 81.72±2.54 was recorded during February while minimum 61.24±1.23 mg/L during May. Among all the three fish species, maximum metal concentration was accumulated by Cirrhinus mrigala followed by Catla catla and Labeo rohita. Among fish organs, maximum Cr concentration 4.75±0.78 (µg/g) was recorded from li...

Riffat Mehboob1*, Sami Ullah Mumtaz2, Zoya Manzoor3, Sajid Abaidullah2, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad1

Deranged biochemical and hematological profile of septicemia patients in Mayo hospital, Lahore
...ents were divided into 3 age groups on the basis of age: 30-50, 51-70 and 71-90 years. In Liver function Tests, ALT (37.62%), AST (50.49%) and ALP (99%) were elevated, Bilirubin was normal in majority of patients while total protein was in normal range in 97.02% patients and the trend of albumin was towards low (44.55%).In Renal function tests, urea was elevated in 71.29% and creatinine in 51.48% patients and in electrolytes...

 Shagufta Andleeb*

Teratogenic potential of pyrethroids: a review
...ity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicology and neurotoxicology is available except teratogenicity. This review concludes the teratogenic potential of sublethal doses of different types of pyrethroids in various groups of animals in systematic way. On line available data interpretation through Pubmed Central NCBI, Google Scholar and Google was done to achieve the target and 122 references were found the most relevant in this perspective.

...

Durr-e- Samin Tahir*, Waqar Nasir, Sarah Bushra, Fatima Batool

Height trends in the population of Rabwah, district Chiniot, Pakistan and comparison with WHO standards
...2209) were recorded. The age group chosen for present study is 5-19 years which is the phase of growth and height
increase. Heights of the parents and siblings up to 25 are also recorded for further analysis. The R- Programming and
smoothing spline technique were applied to analyze the height trends of the collected data. The average height of
male adults is found to be 172cm (67.71" ± 3.98) ...

 Haji Muhammad1, Zafar Iqbal1, Tanveer Akhlaq2

Length-weight, length-length relationships and condition factor of fishes of family cyprindae from the Indus River, Pakistan
... July 2014 at Taunsa barrage from the Indus River, Punjab,
Pakistan. The values of parameter b for LWRs ranged from 2.16 – 4.10 suggesting the isometric and allometric
growth pattern in fishes of family cyprinidae. The results of K factors ranged from 0.645 – 1.836 also determine both
negative growth tendency in some fish species and positive growth tendency in other fish species. This study aimed
to incorporate some mor...

Nasir Raza Zaidi1, Mian Waheed Ahmad1, Mahesh Gautam1, Riffat Mehboob2*

Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Pakistani population- A crosssectional study
... spinal cord where it damages the myelin sheath
protecting the neurons. Many environmental and genetic factors have been associated with MS. The aim of this study
is to identify the possible risk factors that are linked to MS in Pakistani population. This study was conducted in
Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2013 to 2014. The first hundred patients who came for
reporting MRI of the brain and had positive findings...

Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*

Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice

 Saima Naz*, Adil Ali Rajpar, Abdul Hameed Chandio

New Records of some Phthiraptera (chewing lice) of birds from urban areas of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
...8), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880)
on pigeons and doves; Brueelia subtilis (Nitzsch, 1874), Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838) and
Sturnidocus refractariolus (Zlotorzycka, 1964) on house sparrow; Goniodes dissimilis (Denny, 1842), Lipeurus
tropicalis (Peters, 1931), Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912), M. stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) and Menopon
gallinae (Linnaeus, 1758) on domestic fowls; Brueelia saliemi (Ansari, 1957),...

 Abbas Ali1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan3

Winter survey of birds at Keti Bunder, district Thatha, Pakistan
... are decreasing with passage of time when the data were compared with the
previous research due to anthropogenic impacts especially pollution impact.

...

 Abir Ishtiaq, Muhammad Naeem*

Length-weight relationships and condition factor for farmed Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from southern Punjab, Pakistan
... to the proper
management of this species in the farming system and can be used to fill a gap in the current knowledge in this area.

...

 Jhan Zeb, Muhammad Javed

Forecasting percentage contribution of plankton biomass towards increase in fish yield under composite culture conditions
...r to estimate the percentage contribution of
plankton biomass towards increase in fish yield. The correlation for plankton productivity v/s increase in fish yield was
positively significant (p<0.01) under all the treatments, showing the direct dependence of fish yield on plankton
productivity. The order of percentage contribution of plankton productivity towards increase in fish yield is T3 ≥ T4>...

Sadaf Niaz1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Asif Nadeem1, Misbah Hussain1, Riffat Mehboob3*, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad3

Mutation analysis of RING1 domain of Parkin in early onset of Parkinson’s disease in Pakistani patients-a pilot study
...e to consanguineous marriages.

...

 Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Sana Fatima3, Khawaja Abdul Mujeeb2, Nadeem Sheikh1

Alterations in proteins and transaminases activity induced by thioacetamide in albino rats
...mal models of hepatic damage by a number
of researchers. The current investigation was designed to evaluate changes in tissue and serum total proteins and
albumin along with urea, uric acid and serum transaminases activity after 12 and 24h of TAA administration in albino
rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=3) namely control group, 12h group and 24h group. Each
experimental group (12h and 24h) was administered 300 m...

Shaukat Ali1,*, Sundas Nasreen1, Sobia Safeer1, Saiqa Andleeb1, Mubashir Ejaz1, Saira Bano2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3

Medicinal plants as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment
... are used as therapeutic agents in worldwide. Technical
strategies based on the natural yield of drug innovation, ethnomedicines and traditional pharmacology is reemerging
to caring good base as striking discovery train. The current declined in the number of new molecular entities from the
medicinal industry, unique anticancer agents are being required from traditional medicines. According to recently

 Zubair Ahmed#, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Habiballah Rana*

Toxicological effects of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Khar Boti) whole plant extract and novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
...tored commodities at storage facilities.
Among these, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais is one of the most threatening
pests. Botanical insecticides derived from plants have increased popularity in
stored products protection due to ecological concerns and insect resistance to
chemical insecticides. In these regards, a study were carried out to evaluate
toxicity of crude methanol extract of whole plant of Haloxylon recurvum (Kh...

Madeeha Arshad, Asmatullah, Chaman Ara

Embryotoxic effects of sodium arsenate in Mus musculus
...smelting and pesticide usage. Inorganic arsenic
(sodium arsenate) other than general lethality additionally can be a teratogenic
agent. Present research work is focused on the teratogenic impacts of sodium
arsenate given to gravid mice (Mus musculus). Different doses of sodium arsenate
18.25, 37.5 and 75mg/kg B.W. were administered orally at day 6 of gestation
(single exposure group) to 15 ...

Nabila Roohi, Mehjabeen, Samina Ashraf*

Effects of cigarette smoking on serum proteins profile in male active and passive smokers
..., in terms of comparable age, height, weight
and socioeconomic set up. Serum protein profile was analyzed using commercially
available kits by using automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Serum total proteins
have shown a significant decrease in smokers in comparison with controls. A
significant depression in serum albumin was observed in smokers due to increased
excretion of albumin in bound state with the chemicals, whereas...

 Ihsan Ali1#, Asim Aslam1*, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Beenish Zahid3, Ishtiaq Ahmed1

Effect of fish oil on growth performance and immune response in experimentally infected broiler chicken with avian influenza virus H9N2
...ion and immune organs damage in broilers. Supplementations of
fish oil (FO) enhance the immune status and subside inflammation. This study was
design to observe the effects of Fish oil on lymphoid organs through
histopathology, growth performance and antibody response in H9N2 challenged
broilers. A total of 80 chicks were divided in to 4 groups A, B, C & D. Group A and
B were challenged with AI virus (H9N2) on 21 day of <...

 Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri

Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...ected from a drain of sewage
water located in the vicinity of Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Six biofilm forming
bacterial strains were selected on the basis of their motility and biofilm forming
ability firstly by growing them on congo red agar medium and then by performing
ring test. By 16S rRNA sequencing, bacterial strains were identified as
Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus<...

 Zafar Iqbal

A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
...sh Disease and health Management laboratory (FDHM) was
established in 2004 and it is providing research facilities in Fish Parasitology, Fish
Mycology and Fish Bacteriology to researchers. Over 60 students have completed
their research projects in fish disease and health management. The future aspects
of “Fisheries Education” needed in aquaculture industry in Pakistan and Asia
P...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Tehseen Zamir3, Zahid Hussain1, Syed Shahid Ali4*
...ng areas and kitchen wastages were screened on tributyrin agar and rhodamine agar plates. The strain PCSIR NL-37 was identified as Bacillus cereus following morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. Best medium for lipase production was olive oil and mustard oil cake and the best carbon sources were fructose and maltose whereas yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source, showing 55U/mL enzyme activity. The best inoculum size...
Muhammad S. Waqas, Ali A.Z. Shoaib, Xinlai Cheng, Qianqian Zhang, Asem S.S. Elabasy and Zu-hua Shi*
...pment of an effective management program. In this study, the reproductive mode, male’s mating capacity, influence of female’s age and density on male’s mating capacity, as well as the influence of copulation on female’s longevity were investigated under the laboratory condition. Our results demonstrated that P. solenopsis reproduce sexually. Males mated 1-2 times in one day and 3-6 times in the...
Hina Abrar1,2, S.N.H. Naqvi1,*, Muhammad Rashid Ahmed3, Asma Basharat Ali3 and Hina Yasin1,2
...l hypertension and oesophageal varices. The study was undertaken in rabbits to investigate the effect of propranolol to reduce hepatoxicity of carbamazepine (CBZ). Animals were divided into three groups; control, CBZ administered group (200 mg/Kg for 10 days) and CBZ plus propranolol (30 mg/Kg for 10 days) treated group. Liver function test and histological evaluation by H and E staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried at the end of dosing b...

Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir

...tched Capacitors and Voltage Regulators are used to cope with such a situation. Regulators results in higher line currents thus resulting in excessive losses in addition to voltage sag problems. On the other hand, static capacitors can tackle the reactive VARs, but in steps only. Thus, a real time solution is required for sensing, controlling, and injection of VARs based on the actual requirement. Such a solution is proposed...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed* and Muhammad Afzal 

...es cause considerable damage to a wide number of agricultural crops, tree plantations and wooden infrastructures all over the world including Pakistan. This study was aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of 10 commercial formulations of new-chemistry insecticides against Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae), one of the most economic subterranean termite species in Indo-Pak region. Label-recommended dose rates of insecticides were tested against wor...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Arif1, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi3, Muhammad Munir4 and Imran Khan

...ne exotic bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol. Standley) genotypes were evaluated for their fruit physico-chemical characteristics and yield behavior at Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I. Khan (Pakistan) during 2013 and 2014. The genotypes of bottle gourd were Hazarvi, Anmol, Amber, King, Advanta-205, Surbhi, Royal, Nobel, Sharmic and Louki (local check variety). The experiment was laid-out in randomized complete block design having ten treatment...

Khush Bukhat Zahid1*, Ghaffar Ali2, Samina Sabir1 and Mohammad Fayaz2 

...nsoon season severely damages crops. This result is consistent with our expectation that high level of rainfall would decrease agricultural productivity and contribute to food insecurity in Pakistan. However, variation in temperature displays a stable trend and has significant positive impact on crop yield. This is contrary to our expectation that high temperature results in low agricultural productivity. This analysis is useful from the stand point of policy ...
A.M. Abdul Azeem, A.N. El Shahat* and Ashraf M. Mounir
... could ameliorate the damage and apoptotic effects occurred by exposure to toxic dose of lead.
...
Muhammad Muddassir Ali1,2 and İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci1,*
...howed the highest DNA damage (20±1) at 200 µg/ml concentration and 11.67±2.52 at 50 µg/ml. Ethanol extracts showed the 2nd highest DNA damage (19±2)at 200 µg/ml concentration and 11 ±1at 50 µg/ml. While least was observed in the hexane extract (10.33±1.15; 6±2) at both concentrations, respectively. All groups were significantly different (P<0.05)...

Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram 

...rus reticulata having damaged skin were obtained from the orchards of Sargodha. The samples were classified into groups on the basis of physical appearance of lesions on peal and the disease severity was then identified. Both classical and molecular method was used for identification of pathogens. Under classical approach the infected sections from the skin of kinnow was utilized to grow fungal colonies on generalized media, i.e. potato dextrose agar, from whi...

Umair Talib1, Ijaz Ashraf2, Robert Agunga1 and Saleem Ashraf3* 

...ere to determine farm damages of resource-poor farmers under environmental degradation; explore mitigation strategies available for resource-poor farmers; and examine the implications for extension educations in Pakistan. The survey of 120 farmers was conducted in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, covering 36 districts and across three of the ten agro ecological zones of the country. Rice, cotton and mix-cropping are practiced in these zones. The findings show ...

Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad  

...e sprayed at tillering stage gave less number of weeds (76), minimum weed fresh weight (170) and dry weight (132), increased days to heading (116.5), increased days to anthesis (123.0), increased days to physiological maturity (154.4), maximum number of tillers m-2(192.6) and more number of of spikelets spike-1 were found when treatments applied 50% at emergence + 50% at tillering or tillering stage. Days to heading were fou...

Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2 

...estock farming. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect a sample of 274 livestock farm households from six union councils of district Mardan. Data were collected through face to face interviews from female members of the selected livestock farm households in 2015-16. Data were analyzed by ordered logit model to determine factors affecting households welfare, measured as daily per capita income level. Variables, such as income generating individuals...
Aiguo Zhou1,3,4, Shaolin Xie1,4, Zhenlu Wang1, Lanfen Fan1, Yanfeng Chen2, QiaoYe1, Fang Zeng1 and Jixing Zou1,*

 

...nannidae family, the average genetic distances of Cyt b gene was 0.171 (ranged 0.000 to 0.248) with the inter-species genetic distances. The intra-species genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.002. For the haplotypes of two color morphs of Channa argus, the mean pair-wise genetic distances were estimated as 0.002, which were within the intra-species genetic distance interval for Channa species, indicating that they belonged to the same s...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...uture comparisons and management of bats and metal concentrations in environment.
...
Ajmal Khan* and Rehan Ullah
... its specific aetiologic agents in suspected patients reported to various laboratories of Agency Head Quarter Hospital Khar, Bajaur Agency. In this study, a total number of 9720 suspected individuals were examined; among which 1273 (13.1%) were found to be positive for malaria infection with different Plasmodium species in their blood smears. Male population accounts for higher prev...
Faiz Muhammad1,2, Canfeng Dou1, Zhen-ming Lü1,*, Li Gong1, Xun Du1 and Muhammad Shafi3
...lysis revealed three lineages. The Dongshan population distinctly has shown separate lineage. The haplotype networking has shown that Hap1 contributed 48.051% and appeared in six populations whereas, Hap6, Hap11, Hap 16 and Hap17 were also shared by some populations, rest of the haplotypes were unique. This study solely provide species specific information on its genetic structure and population variability in Chinese waters...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Ghulam Mustafa1, Munibullah2 and Sajid Umar2,*
...five buffalos ranging in age between 7 to 9 years, were referred to surgery clinic at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. The patients showed the signs of ocular lesions associated with plaque formation on the cornea and sclera and papilloma formation on the lateral limbus of eye. The tumors were large and usually protruded through the palpebral fissure and infiltrate the entire eye ball. Diagnosis was made based upon the clinical a...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1, Hina Ashraf2,*, Muhammad Arshad3, Sabeeha Parveen4, Amna Aslam4, Nargis Naz4, Zahid Kamran1, Sumbul Gohar Khalid5, Sajid Hameed1, Muhammad Ashfaq6 and Muhammad Mukhtar7

 

... rich source of anti-NDV agents and can be used in purified or in crude form.
...

Fouzia Tabssum1, Qamar uz Zaman2*, Yinglong Chen3,4, Umair Riaz5*, Waqas Ashraf6, Ambreen Aslam2, Nusrat Ehsan2, Rab Nawaz2, Humera Aziz7 and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah8 

...ne applied at seedling stage (15 days after transplanting, DAT), vegetative state (50 DAT) or at both stages. Results from pot experiment revealed that foliar applied 50 mM proline significantly improved the seedling growth under saline stress by reducing electrolyte leakage and improving the water related (relative water contents and water potential), and biochemical attributes (SOD, CAT,...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2 

...text-align: justify;">Management practices are very important for increasing yield of sugar beet crop, amongst them irrigation intervals play an important role. The farmers do not have sufficient knowledge about the suitable irrigation time (interval). The aim of study was to explore the best irrigation time for sugar beet crop. Hence, this study examines the physiological response of sugar beet cv. California-kws with different irrigation intervals at the res...
Zhongquan Zhao*, Tianyuan Yang, Lei Qiao, Qijie He and Zinuo Dai
... results showed that the age of puberty, sex maturity and breeding for male and female kids were 102.0±4.2 days vs. 117.0±8.7 days; 216.0±28.5 days vs. 195.0±22.4 days; 490.0±38.5 days vs. 355.0±27.5 days, respectively. Estrous cycle was 20.1±0.5 days. The duration of the natural estrous period of Dazu black goat (41.4±8.6 h) was longer than these reported goat breeds and was not significant difference am...

Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Nazakat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Tahira, Doulat Baig, Ihsan Ullah Khan and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah 

...me genotypes in to 6 lineages and 29 clusters. Cluster 25 had the maximum number of genotypes i.e. 18 followed by Cluster 23 (14 genotypes), 19 (12 genotypes) and 9 (9 genotypes). There was a wide range of genetic diversity in this set of sesame germplasm which could be utilized for crop improvement. It is further recommended that for making improvement in sesame crop, identified superior sesame lines viz. SG-115, SG-103, SG-78, SG-79, SG-31, SG-117, SG-108, S...

Muhammad Salman Wazir and Mohammad Akmal 

...with sustainable soil management at wheat – maize cropping system 

...
Yan-Guo Han1, Xiao-Li Peng1, Kai Li1, Yu-He-Tian Zhao1, Xun-Ping Jiang2, Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Jun-Hua Ye3, Li Xu3, Qin-Tao Zhao3 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...1 concentrations and average body weight than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Immunisation with ptCS/2SS-asd promoted the growth of rams similar to the effect of the simple co-injection of CpG and SS DNA vaccine. Thus, the fusion type of CpG adjuvant is an effective, simple, and low-cost method in enhancing the effect of SS DNA vaccine and the growth of ram lambs.
...
Daniel Zaborski,1,* Muhammad Ali,2 Ecevit Eyduran,3 Wilhelm Grzesiak,1 Mohammad Masood Tariq,2 Ferhat Abbas,2 Abdul Waheed4 and Cem Tirink5
...(month of lambing - MOL, age at first lambing - AFL and lambing weight - LW) and seven dependent (output) variables (services per conception - SPC, service period - SP, lambing interval - LI, twinning rate - TR, gestation length - GL, breeding efficiency - BE and fertility rate - FR) were used. A 10-fold cross-validation was applied to train and evaluate the models. The highest correlation coefficients (r) were found for LI (0.18 - 0.29; P0.001), GL...
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
...S plot, the avian assemblages of Sidi Reghis Mountain varied significantly between different habitats. Further, SIMPER test indicated that six of the seven species were responsible for the mean of 50% of dissimilarity between sampled habitats. The dissimilarity between pine woodlands and mixed oak-pine forests was about 50%, in general, and produced by differences in abundance of Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, European Serin Serinus serinus,
Farhat Iqbal1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Ecevit Eyduran3, Zil-e-Huma4, Abdul Waheed5, Farhat Abbas2, Muhammad Ali2, Nadeem Rashid2, Majed Rafeeq2, Asadullah2 and Zahid Mustafa2
...odels were fitted to average monthly body weight data of (n = 412) Mengali sheep from birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births (single and twin). The overall goodness of fit was checked by calculating Deviance Information Criteria (DIC) and the square of correlation (R2) between observed body weight and the predicted value’s marginal density means. The DIC and R...
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...S2b decreased from stage III to stage V and PTGES2a was significantly more highly expressed than PTGES2b. In the spawning process, the expression of PTGES2a did not significantly change, remaining at a low level. In contrast, PTGES2b expression significantly increased during spawning. These results provide basic knowledge of the new PTGES2s of C. nasus.
...
Ghulam Ali1,3, Wopke van der Werf2 and Just M. Vlak1,
...ical insect pest control agents. However, slow speed of kill relative to chemicals and continued feeding following application limit their effectiveness in preventing crop losses. Here we studied the food consumption and weight gain of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura following application of two viral doses of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (Pakistan isolate SpltNPV-Pak-BNG). Infected larvae with final polyhedrosis (disease resulting in di...

Mujib ur Rahman1, Munir Khan2*, Himayatullah Khan2, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2  

...dents from the three villages namely Utmanzai, Rajjar and Matta-Mughal-Khel were randomly selected. A comparative analysis of chadar and suit cloth was done regarding sale in Charsadda market and other cities of the country. In Charsadda market, 3/4 producing units sold their products, while 1/4 of the producers were involved in marketing of these products to other cities of the country. Profit per month of Chadar and Suit cloth in the local market was found R...

Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6

...ity score is good on average that is 9 out of 10 food groups and on the whole it is slightly improved from (8.8 %) to (9%) in previous 10 years. Interestingly, when we analyze the share of staple food in total calories, results suggest that major portion of a household’s diet is consisting of staple food (wheat), (53%) and increased to (57%) from 2005 to 2014. We use the Heckman Approach to find out determinants of food insecurity. Results suggest that f...

Muhammad Tahir Amin, Khalid Usman*, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik and Nishter Ali

... grown under reduced tillage system (one tiller followed by one rotavator at 7–10 cm depth). Five irrigation intervals (7th, 10th, 13th, 16th and 19th day) and phosphorus levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) were kept in main- and subplots, respectively in RCBD with split plots arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that irrigation intervals significantly affected all the parameters such as plant height, sympodial branches, seed c...

Nighat Seema1*, Muhammad Hamayun1, Husan Ara1 and Raham Sheer Khan

... enhance the extent of usage of organic compounds by the plants available in the soil and hence lowered the contents. During drought stress, ammonium ion concentration was increased in all endophytic treated soil except that of A. niger. Similarly, inoculation of endophytic fungi did also increased the value of soil nitrate ions in the range of 26.86±1.34~39.39±1.97 mg kg-1 with or without drought stress. Inoculation of endophytic fungi increased...

Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman

...tegral part of Forest Management Plans for making realistic wood volume and yield estimates 

...

Sahar Shibli1,2*, Farzana Siddique1, Saeeda Raza2, Zaheer Ahsan3 and Irum Raza4 

...ct among the people. Storage study of peanut butter samples demonstrated shelf stability of product up to three months at room temperature. 

...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3

 

...S) and semi-intensive management systems (SIMS). Twelve Marecha calves were randomly allotted to two comparable groups of 6, (3 ♂ and 3 ♀). First group animals were reared under IMS, fed concentrate @ 1 kg/h/d plus crop residues of gram (Cicer arientinum) ad lib while in second group, calves were reared under SIMS, sent for grazing 8 hours daily plus gram crop residues ad lib. Twice watering was done in both the groups. At end of trial...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
...improved reproductive management in dairy industry. Our objectives were to appraise CIDR-EB based estrus synchronization and used CIDR-Ovsynch based resynch protocol in lactating Holstein cows at two different geographical locations. On location A, 160 postpartum cows were enrolled in standard CIDR-EB protocol. Cows were subjected to timed AI and randomly assigned into two groups: 1) control (n=70), subjected to AI on detected estrus (AIDE) from d18-d30...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...in body condition, older age, lack of teat dipping and higher parity number with S. aureus subclinical mastitis. This study highlights the effect of agro-climatic conditions on S. aureus subclinical mastitis which is instrumental when devising strategies for effective disease control according to the climatic conditions of the area.
...
Muhammad Saqib Shahzad1, Amina Arif1,*,Saeeda Kalsoom2, Javed Iqbal3, Shahnam Shafique2, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem4 and Rafique Ahmed5
...bution of HCV genotypes, age groups, viral load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were recorded and analyzed for rapid virologic response (RVR), non-rapid virologic response (NRVR), sustained virologic response (SVR) and non-sustained virologic response (NSVR). Among the evaluated patients RVR was found among 81.5% and NRVR among 18.5%. Out of RVR patients, SVR was found in majority (80.2%). However, among NRVR equal percentage...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
...was distributed with average population density of 9.8 animal/km2, with highest (17.8 animal/Km2) density at Kalyal and lowest (3.5 animal/km2) at Panyam. Most favored altitudinal range was 450 m to-550 m (asl). Population density was the highest (12 animals/km2) in October and lowest (7.4 animals/km2) in May. Dominant vegetation included Acacia nilotica (IV= 108.9), Senegalia modesta (IV= 94...

Ali Bakhsh1*, Mashal Rehman1, Said Salman1 and Rehmat Ullah

.... Water stress on an average, caused a reduction of 13% in days to first square formation, 14% in days to first flower formation, 19% in plant height, 18% in monopodial branches, 26% in sympodial branches, 27% in number of bolls per plant, 14% in boll weight, 4% in ginning out turn and 37% in seed cotton yield. GeFH-326 showed better performance for sympodial branches, bolls per plant, fibre strength and seed cotton yield under water stress and non-stress cond...

Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan 

...t critical crop growth stages reduces water losses and improves water use efficiency and yield of a crop. Potassium is a major plant nutrient required in large quantity by crops and has a significant role in increasing crop growth and yield by reducing the adverse effects of drought stress. Although a large quantity of potassium can be found in soil but is mostly in an unavailable form. A field experiment was, therefore established at Agronomy Research Farm th...

Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah

...o as the cost of risk management. Previous studies on risk management in agriculture however have ignored such costs. The present study is therefore designed to investigate how adoption of risk coping tools affect farm productivity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. 330 wheat growers were selected using multistage sampling technique and Analysis of Variance was used to compare the...

Muhammad Rameez Khan1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Farhatullah3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Sajid Ali1* 

...programmes must be encouraged to consider resistance to powdery mildew, particularly for lines to be cultivated in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. 

...
Shamesa Maryam1, Ajaz Ahmad Sandhu1, Imran Bodlah2*, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Ayesha Aihetasham3

 

... be helpful for aphid management of different plants/crops in Gujranwala District.
...
Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz, Nadir Ali Birmani
...nthus abdominalis (Piaget, 1880) and 22.87% Menacanthus cornutus belongs to family Menoponidae. The results revealed high infestation found in birds of rural localities. The present study will help to understand host-parasite interaction in study area.

 

...

Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Muhammad Irfan Zafar1, Faqeer Hussain2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3 and Azhar Ali Khan3 

...reat reduction in the management of the disease. 

...

Liaqat Ali Shahid1*, Nadeem Amjad2 and Muhammad Abdul Hanan Siddhu3 

...ial with leaves. The average machine throughput capacity was found to be 503 kg.h-1 with an average machine efficiency of 89 percent. Total average fuel consumption and labour requirement (un-skilled + skilled) were found to be 3.5 litres and 3.53 man-hour, respectively. The machine was also tested with clean Eucalyptus stems without leaves and small branches. The aver

Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1 

... UAE, the coefficient of age of exporter is positive and highly significant. The coefficient of exporter`s experience is 178.961 that significantly affect the kinnow export of Pakistan. The coefficient of freight charges is -1945.897 that shows negative signs but highly significant. The coefficient of international sale price is 182.995 that shows positive sign and significant. The coefficient of domestic price is -1175.480 that show negative but highly signif...
Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...PW which can be used for agent of control for this cryptic insect.
...
Aqeel Mehboob, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Muhammad Sarmadand Maryam Bajwa
...S. litura at early stages attacks on the leaves and later stage larva fed almost every part of plant. Due to environmental pollution and the incapability of toxic agents in controlling the target pests at the recommended doses of synthetic pesticides, alternative methods like botanical extract in the control of this pest consider greater importance nowadays. The antifeedant and oviposi...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...tors are exploited to manage pest population. The objective of present study was to find relationships between predator’s Coccinellid septempunctata, Lynx spider and preys Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, Earias vitella populations found on cultivated cotton crops (government approved varieties) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected after ten days of interval during crop season from 2014 to 2016 rando...
Tamoor Azeem1,*, M. Yasin Tipu1, Asim Aslam1, Sajjad Ahmed2, Salman Ahmed Abid1, Abdullah Iqbal3, Naeem Akhtar4, Muhammad Saleem4, Aamerzish Mushtaq4 and Sajid Umar4
...either sex and different ages from district Attock. Samples were processed for haematobiochemical analysis and thin smear stained with Field stain according to standard procedure. Out of 200 camels 46% of them have blood parasites. Trypanosoma was the most prevalent (32.5%) followed by diptelonemiasis (8%). Babesia and Anaplasma was seen in 3% camels. Prevalence of diptelonemiasis was significantly higher in young than older camels. Blood ...
Muhammad Tufail1, Naila Chand1, Rafiullah1, Shakoor Ahmad2, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...antly (P<0.01) at the age of 4th and 5th week followed by MOS-50. Significantly (P<0.01) higher overall body weight gain was recorded for treatment MOS-100 compared to the control. At 5th and 6th weeks of age, significantly (P<0.01) lower FCR was recorded in MOS-100. The highest level of replacement (MOS-100) showed the maximum dressing percentage<...

Khwaja Tariq Ziad1, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad2 and Muhammad Suleman Bacha3* 

...sts, the role of the mid-agent opportunistic behaviour in the relative milk supply chain. Using case study and qualitative method approach, eight key informants including five farmers, one local middleman, and representatives of two dairy companies were interviewed during the study, focusing the social aspects and people behaviour towards the dairy sector. Results showed a lack of coordination among small-scale farmers and associated high transaction costs. Th...

Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1 

Muhammad Huzaifa Mehmood1, Muhammad Ahmad Iqbal2, Muhammad Daood1, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3*, Khubaib Ali3
...s and reduced the percentage of fat of rabbit meat. Rabbits were reared for the period of two month in three groups. Slaughtering of rabbits was done after 8 weeks. Followings the method illustrated in previous studies fatty acid and physico-chemical analysis were performed. The pH texture, fat, protein, blood lipid profile and PUFA concentration was significantly affected by the incorporation of oat in rabbit feed. It was concluded that the supplementati...

Mehran Ali1*, Inamullah1, Muhammad Bilal2, Salman Ali1, Farooq Nawaz1 and Muhammad Owais Iqbal1 

...n soil with suitable tillage implement might better enhance grain yield and soil fertility. To investigate the influence of tillage systems and nitrogen (N) sources incorporation on soil physical properties, total N and maize productivity, a field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The design used was randomized complete block design with split plot ...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2 
...rs was also studied. Average relative humidity was found positive and significantly correlated with fruit infestation. Average precipitation showed positive but non-significant correlation in case of all the cultivars except Singhnath 666 which was positive and significant. On the other hand, average temperature was found non-significant and negatively correlated in case of Brinjal Long 62...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Asam Riaz*
...ecticides in field to manage aphids cause impairment of several key biological traits of the exposed coccinellids through physiological and behavioral effects. It is crucial to understand the effects of insecticides on the coccinellids. The current research was aimed at determining the intra-guild predation (IGP) of different life stages combinations of Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis in ...
Pingping Cang1, Mingming Zhang1, Guo Qiao1,Qirui Sun1, Dehai Xu3, Qiang Li1, Xinghua Yuan4 and Wenbin Liu2,
...degree of operating leverage, and environmental costs under experimental conditions was conducted. Analysis results revealed that BFT system was more effective than the control system with water exchange in gibel carp culture, suggesting that BFT system could be successfully used in gibel carp aquaculture.
...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain

...gn: justify;">Water shortage is becoming a serious concern for all crops and particularly for cotton, which has been a major export contributor of Pakistan. In this scenario, drought-tolerant cotton cultivars with zero tillage could be the best option. This research aims to quantify the impact of limited water on lint yield and quality of cotton genotypes. An experiment was managed in a sp...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
.../i> in intensive pest management under field conditions to control S. litura on cauliflower.
...
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2

 

...e suspension via oral gavage, followed by pharmaceutical intervention. Then, the serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were detected by ELISA, FSHβ and LHβ expression levels in the pituitary were determined by qPCR, and GnRHR expression levels were assessed by qPCR and western blot analysis. Simultaneously, transcription factors, such as c-Jun, Elk-1, Egr-1, Nur77, CREB, and transduction molecules in PKC-MAPK, C...
Bei Liu1, Yanli Hong1, Huifang Zhou1,*, Zhenzhen Cao1, Shuang Zhang1, Jing Jin1, Miao Jiang1, Cunsi Shen2 and Jianjian Ji2
...ed by using the blocking agent of Cetrorelix. The cells were treated with BSZYD-containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, a total of five groups of cells, including blank (+) group, Cetrorelix (+) group, CSF with BSZY (+) group, model-treated (+) group and corresponding blocker-treated group were established. Secretion levels of related hormone and their mRNAs were detected in the supernatant of each group. The mRNA and protein levels of GnRHR, the hub genes...
Hao Gu*, Zhi Yang, Weiqiang Yu, Kan Xu and Yuan-fei Fu*
.... Besides, fluorescent images of exopolysaccharides and living bacteria of Streptococcus mutans were measured with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In our study, capsaicin showed an outstanding performance in the inhibition of acid producing and biofilm of the four strains of cariogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, low values of MIC of capsaicin on four sectional cariogenic bacteria indicated high efficiency of antibacterial activity of capsaicin. Ant...
Hamidullah1,*, Arshad Javid2, Basit Rasheed1,Jehan Zeb3, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1
...from the study area. Average forearm length of P. pipistrellus, P. javanicus, P. coromandra, P. tenuis and P. ceylonicus was recorded 30.9±0.14mm, 35.13±0.53mm, 31.64±1.19mm, 28.49±1.25mm and 40.11±2.24mm, respectively. The greatest length of skull of these species was 11.75±0.35mm, 13.69±0.25mm, 12.48±0.34mm, 11.83±0.30mm and 15.00±0.15mm, respectively whi...
Rahila Huma1,2, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2, Sana Javaid Awan3,Kiran Iftikhar4 and Mufakkira-Tul-Islam5
...re active anti-cancerous agent as compared to PFA-Cd. Molecular Docking studies were carried out to found the predominate binding mode of synthesized compound in the vicinity of double helical DNA structure.
...

Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan 

...be 5.434 Kg per acre averagely of the respondents. According to analysis Farm Size, Tractor hours, Fertilizers, Number of irrigations, Farmer’s education were found significant at 5% level while , Seed Variety, Pesticides, Farming experience, Number of labors were found non-significant at 5% level. The R-Square value was 0.92 which means that 92% variation is explained by the independent variables on the dependent variable in the model. It seems very goo...
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
...atment caused massive damage to the liver. This was prevented by vitamin E pre-treatment. These results show that vitamin E pre-treatment prevented the mice from CCl4-induced hepatic damage, which clearly indicates its preventive effects against liver damage caused by both oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms.
...

Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah 

...selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through well designed interview schedule. Normalized restricted trans log profit function was first approximated for further estimation of output supply and input demand elasticities. Results indicated that response of output supply to the price of wheat and land was positive and elastic. Output supply in response to wage rate was n...

Noor ul Ain*, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Haidar Ali* 

...ach, Pea, Potato and Cabbage-Cauliflower) in district Peshawar for the year April, 2017. Through proportion allocation technique a total number of 120 households were selected from two villages namely Landi Arbab and Deh Bahadar. Data was analyzed through Double log model for estimation of demand for the selected vegetables. It was found that household head in Landi Arbab includes 87.10% male and 12.90% female whereas in Deh...

Omer Baris Ince* 

...ed, multiple vaccinated, aged 0-1 and 1-3 and male and female starting from the third month following the vaccination. In the study aimed to show the disease-related status of the selected region, to investigate the active virus circulation and determine the antibodies formed against the nonstructural proteins (NSP) of Foot and Mouth Disease and evaluation the carrier rate in the region and the risk of infection and given information on the immune ratio of the...

Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1

...resistance for better management of MYMV by improving protection level by the induction of systemic acquired resistance. 

...

Naseer Ahmed Abbasi1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1*, Bilawal Abbasi2, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1, Najeeb Ahmed Khan Nangraj1, Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahto1 and Sajjad Ahmed Morio1 

...f the world, but land manager and farmers face the main problem when and where to cultivate. The present study was aims to analyze the efficiency of the parametric and fuzzy set methods in the land assessment for wheat production of Tando Allahyar district of Sindh Province. The present study able to provide grade performance suitability of lands for agricultural purposes; it could be more helpful for farmers of the research area. Fuzzy AHP methods could be be...
Juan Augusto Hernández-Rivera1, Jaime Molina-Ochoa2,*, Luis Jorge García-Márquez1, Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo1, Rafael Julio Macedo-Barragán1, Arturo César García-Casillas1 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3
...ical and reproductive damages due heat stress. Breeding searching for tolerant heat stress genes and their incorporation in crossbreeding programs has gained interest in dairy cattlemen concerned by the global warming and greenhouse effect in the environment. This review shows and update of the crossbreeding in dairy cattle in both hemispheres. Here, is reviewed the effect of heat stress on dairy cattle; the mechanism of autoregulation; the benefits of the het...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Muhammad Jafir1, Muhammad Wajid Javed1, Sumaira Maqsood3 and Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*
...ct identification for management.
...

Muhammad Ali1,2*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2 

...ivation of farmers to manage their agricultural risks exclusively from the lens of Malaysia. Thus, the research was formulated to assess the motivation of farming community towards agricultural risk management in Malaysia. The research data were gathered through pre designed interview schedule from 360 randomly selected farmers through multistage cluster sampling technique. In order to mea...

Rehmat Ullah* and Khalid Nawab 

...selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Furthermore, four union council viz. Band Kurai, Baidara, Khanmai and Baffa from the sampled districts were selected. A total of 384 respondents were selected through unknown population sampling formulae i.e. 96 from each Union Council. Data were collected using well-structured interview schedule through personal interview method whereas binary logistic regression model was utilized (binary responses (1 if exist...

Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Sami Ullah1, 3*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Ahmad Mujtaba1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Muhammad Jahangir Shah2, Bashir Ahmad2 and Ijaz Ahmad4 

...influence of various tillage practices on yield of the autumn planted maize crop. The experiment was conducted in summer, 2014 at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Net plot size was maintained 7.0 m × 3.6 m. Different tillage practices, i.e., deep tillage, conventional till

Rafiullah1*, Abdur Rahman2, Khalid Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Arifullah Khan2, Abdul Sajid3 and Naimatullah Khan3 

...h in animals < 1-year age. It was found that PCR is more sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for diagnosis of Theileria parva. 

...
Liqin Liu, Maoting Wang, Zhenming Lü, Li Gong*, ChangWen Wu, Baoying Guo and Lihua Jiang
...e of the loci showed linkage disequilibrium. In addition, these loci were cross-amplified in three closelyrelated species. Nineteen, fifteen, and thirteen loci were amplified in Sepia lycidas, Sepia esculenta and Sepiella japonica, respectively. 

 

...

Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1 

...d isolates harbor a cleavage site with multi basic amino acid 112KRQKR/F117 characteristic of velogenic strains. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of all tested strains within sub-genotype VIg. Three isolates were assessed for pathogenicity based upon the mean death time (MDT), the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in chicken. The ICPI and MDT revealed that all tested isolates were of moder...
Nasira Khatoon1, Aly Khan2,*, S.S. Shahid3, Z.S. Saify4, M. Arshad Azmi1 and Wali Khan5
...ategories based on their age at the first visit. The diagnosis was based on detailed history and clinical examination which included scraping of papillae or burrow to confirm the diagnosis. To test the incidence in various age groups and body parts a chi-square (χ²) test of association (R × C contingency test) was performed. The association of body parts and age group...
Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Nasir Rajput2, Wen-xia Tian1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Asmatullah Kaka2, Sheng Niu1 and Fa-jie Jia1
...ure and mortality percentage were significantly decreased in ascorbic acid and basil supplementary group as compared to control. Dressing percentage significantly increased in both supplementary groups. It is concluded that supplementation of basil at 5g/kg feed, promotes the growth, improves the intestinal villus size, feed efficiency and immunity of heat stressed broiler chicken.
...
Wen Chao Liu1,2, Kwan Sik Yun3 and In Ho Kim2,*
...308 broilers with an average initial BW of 45.28 ± 0.81 g were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 8 replicate cages, with 16 birds per replicate. The 4 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets and supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% 1,3-DAG, respectively. During d 1-14, with increasing the dietary 1,3-DAG levels from 0 to 0.15%, the body weight gain (BWG) was impr...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
...red with common reducing agent Cysteine-HCl (Cys-HCl). Four anaerobic bacterial strains (Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans OS1, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bilophila wadsworthia, and Roseburia intestinalis) were selected as experimental models for this purpose. Significant improvement in cell density of Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans culture with maximum OD600nm of 0.80±0.0017 reached after 4 days of incubation wh...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...bazpari suffered less damage and yielded more and are therefore, recommended for cultivation to avoid damage by Helicoverpa armigera
...
Hafiz Abdullah Akbar, Zafar Iqbal, Waqas Raza*, MuhammadUsman Ghazanfar and Salman Ahmad
Ayesha Chaudhary1, Fouzia Mumtaz1, Muhammad Yaseen2* and Muhammad Younis Afzal3 
 
...tant issue in the modern age and therefore is of much concern to all countries independent of their size or stage of development. In Asia, particularly, the agricultural production might decrease by an alarming rate up to 5-30% to 2050. The main reason for this is increasing the earth’s temperature. The decrease in crop yield will cause another associated issue of food insecurity in the continent and emerge s...
Shahid Yousaf1*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Arif1, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat ul Ain Akbar1, Najmus Sahar1 and Ghulam Rasul2
...iques that have an advantage of rapid response over other techniques. But investigations are needed to check its reliability on determining important quality parameters. The study therefore has been designed to evaluate the efficiency of NIR in comparison with standard techniques. Thirty samples of wheat (including 11 varieties and 19 composite samples) were analyzed. Samples were widely varied in test weight (72.4-79.9 kg/hL) and wet gluten contents (15.4-31....
S. Justin Carlus1,*, Atiyeh M Abdallah1,2, Abdulhadi H. Al-Mazroea1, Mazen Khalid Al-Harbi3 and Khalid M Al-Harbi1
...th DS. However, maternal age increased the risk of CHD in DS (OR=5.32; 95% CIs 1.43-19.82; p=0.013). Mantel-Haenszel analysis showed that MTHFR polymorphisms confounded the effect of maternal age CHD in DS. MTHFR polymorphisms appear to be risk factors for CHD in DS.
...
Sakhra Mahmood1, M. Younus1, A. Aslam1, A.A. Anjum2, S. Umar3, Aamerzish Mushtaq3 and M.L. Sohail4,*
... without any detoxifying agent. Growth parameters (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio), hematology (hemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and total leukocyte count) and immune response were recorded and analyzed by duncan test for 6 weeks. Results showed significant reduction in the deleterious effects of AFB1 in each of the tested parameters during the course of the study. During 5th week, all the tested par...
Umar Farooq Gohar1, Hamid Mukhtar1,*, Ali Nawaz1, Ikram-ul-Haq1 and Asad Mehmmood2
...5) and inoculum size and age (2%, w/v, 48 h) were optimized. The maximum cephalosporin production was achieved after 144 h of incubation. The dry mycelial mass was found to be 39.46 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion method. Cephalosporin production was estimated by using spectrophotometric technique.
...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abdual Rauf Shakoori2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub3, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Sehrish Firyal1, Zaheer Hussain4 and Munir Ahmad5
Liyan Zhang1,2, Zhidong Zhou1,3, Haiping Li1,2, Yanlong Qiao4, 5 and Yueping Zhang1,3,*
...g to the same fishery management unit. The nucleotide mismatch distribution and neutrality test results indicated that the studied S. japonicus populations experienced a recent expansion event during the late Pleistocene. At present, S. japonicus resources show recessions and decreased mean ages due to overfishing, emphasizing the need to strengthen the management of correspo...
Marian Kuczaj1, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*, Alicja Mizera1, Renata Pilarczyk2, Bogumiła Pilarczyk3 and Patryk Barton1
...the day of birth, at the age of 1 month and 6 months, and daily increments were calculated in the analyzed periods. Data regarding cows included: BCS condition, body weight, height at the back, hip width, order of calving, age of calving heifers, and data on the type of valuation and country of origin of the bull (calf’s father). It was found that the high vitality of the calves is statistically significantly (at p &le...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...ed an increase in percentage mortality with increasing concentrations of Huwa-San TR50 and this resulted in mortalities of 66.5% for H. dromedarii and 76.5% for H. impeltatum after 24 h of direct exposure (direct spray treatment) whereas in the dipping treatment, the mortality was 60% and 70% for H. dromedarii and H. impeltatum at 14,000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50. Huwa-San TR50 was found to be moderately effective in killing both tick sp...
Iqra Bano1,*, Moolchand Malhi2, Pershotam Khatri3, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Hira Sajjad4, Ambreen Leghari5, Muhammad Awais2, Safia Kandhro6 and Shakeel Ahmed Lakho5 and Munaza Soomro7
...ross breed male goats of age (2-3 months) having 8-9 kg body weight. After 15 days of adaptation period, they were divided into two groups viz. control (C) and selenium yeast supplemented (SY) (n=6), respectively. Basal diet given to the animals consist of roughage and concentrate at the ratio of 65:35. In group C, the goats received only basal diet while in group SY the goats consumed basal diet along with SY 0.3 mg/...

Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan

...ement; severe water shortage estimated during the months of March and April to the extent of 3.12 and 6.87 cfs respectively for irrigating the existing cultivated area. These results show that agriculture in Burgay watershed is highly dependent on snow/glacier melt. The study concludes that agrarian economy of the Burgay watershed is highly dependent on glacier/snow and farmers face sever water shortage at the time of crops ...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal 

...ion sources of extension agents, views of extension agents on adoption constraints and the extension methods used by them. All agricultural officers and 40% of field assistants were interviewed making a sample of 81 extension agents; 10 agricultural officers and 71 field assistants. The study results indicate that 77% field assistants were educated up to Matric with two years diploma while...
Catherine J. Allen
...ionships over individual agency; this entails connections among a multitude of human as well as other-than-human persons and necessitates collective work in which everything contributes to keeping the collectivity in a precarious balance. Although, at the national level, these notions of well-being often are honored in the breach, by articulating and promoting alternate notions of well-being, sumak kawsay and suma qamaña may ha...
James Maffie
...untless other-than-human agents populating their living world. Humans attained balance in two principal ways, both of which Aztec philosophers understood in terms of the indigenous concept of a nepantla process, a paradigmatic example of which was the artisanal process of weaving. Humans accordingly attained balance: first, by weaving together individual behavioral extremes (such as fasting and feasting) into a well-middled, individual life fabric; and ...
Brian Yazzie Burkhart
...agi stories and language concepts for their rootedness in land in more than a material sense in order to provide a framework for a theory of well-being that sees land and human being as intertwining with the being of land as the generative kinship complex by which life is both generated and health and life are sustained.
...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...i-fungal and anti-cancer agents. In this work leaf extracts of Melia azedarach (commonly known as dharaik) a species of family Meliaceae and Morus nigra (commonly known as Shahtoot) family Moraceae were used for bio reduction of copper ions to CuO nanoparticles in place of harmful and expensive chemical/physical methods. A cheaper, simple to perform method giving high yield without by products is employed here. The leaf extract act both as r...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
...ategy for the balanced usage of water resources for urban uses and agriculture. For such purpose, Precipitation regions were recognized in river Indus basin in Pakistan by examining the rainfall frequencies with the help of global wavelet power spectra. Records from 52 rain gauges were studied and the outcomes of the whole power spectra exhibited a low annual frequency all over the basin; whereas additional frequencies are present with major significance that ...
Temel Göktürk1,* and Göksel Tozlu2
...at the most effective dosages for larvae of D. pini was Dipel 300 g/100 l and Dipel 500 g/100 l of B. thuringiensis. The efficiency ratio of Pyrethrum doses ranged from 59.5%-78.5% for Spunizet Neu and 85.5%-95.5% for Dipel DF against D. pini larvae. It was observed that the dosage of both pesticides was directly propositional to the death in larvae. Intriguingly, Dipel at the dose rate of 50...
Naveed Ahmad1,*, P.J.A. Siddiqui1, Amjad Ali1, Khan Mir Khan2, Rafaqat Masroor3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Amin5 and Mohammad Attaullah6
...ed in each floating net cage (1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m), with three replicates of each treatment. The diets were fed to visual apparent satiation two times a day for a period of eight weeks. At the end of the trial, P40 appeared to have significant (P<0.05) influence on the growth performance. The percent weight gain, average daily weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly by increasing di...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

... analysis and multiple stages random sampling technique used for data collection of 400 Bt and Non-Bt cotton farmers for the year of 2012-13. The results of the study have indicated Bt cotton farmers of both districts with higher technical efficiency score as more efficient than Non-Bt cotton farmer. Empirical findings specified a cropped area, seed, labor, fertilizer and irrigation were the significant variable of increasing cotton production of Bt farmers wh...

John Ogunsola1*, Richard E. Antia2, Benjamin O. Emikpe2 and Olajumoke A. Morenikeji

...ing. When appropriate management and health practices are put in place, wild animals in captivity can be successfully bred; thus, offering captive breeding as a veritable tool for conservation. 

...

Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah 

... sugar, vegetables, beverages, wheat and wheat flour, rice, other cereals, pulses, oil and fats, tea and coffee, backed products and other food were considered for the study. The data given in the survey regarding commodity prices, quantity consumed, households’ food expenditures and demographic characteristics were considered for analysis. The uncompensated own price elasticity for milk, fruits, and baked products is greater than unity which suggests th...
Alexus McLeod
...assic Period texts and images (in Part One) and the Postcontact text Popol Vuh (in Part Two). I offer interpretive reconstructions, to illustrate key features of the Maya concept of sacrifice as a principle of growth as well as metaphysical and ethical renewal, as demonstration of the interrelatedness of phenomena, and as an aspect of personal survival. 
...
Jesse Butler
...human beings as embodied agents in the world, fundamentally situated within interdependent relations between self and environment. As contemporary exemplars of Native American and Confucian philosophy, respectively, Cordova and Tu illustrate how both worldviews exhibit ESU and thereby serve as models toward the cultivation of ecological well-being.
...
Seth Ligo
...quo;s most sacred pilgrimage destination, contemporary social networks are interwoven with historical and religious narrative. In fact, in this densely populated and ancient space it is imperative not only to know one’s extended family, one’s community, and one’s history, but also the history of the city more broadly, the stories that are mapped onto it, and all the neighbors — both visible and invisible — one might encounter or c...
Ai Yuan
... to uphold a form of courage (yong 澹) which requires one to willingly accept what is beyond human control without regret, anger, and useless struggle. Through this courage, one can participate in one’s life without avoiding its challenges. By demonstrating how and why one’s courage to accept uncontrollable situations provides a means to live a good life, the Zhuangz...
Jason Shepard1 and Tyra Turner2
...how big data can be leveraged for cross-cultural research. 

...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

 Adile Tatliyer1,*, Sinan Bas1 and Serdar Yagci2

 

...e different periods (average 11 days after birth, weaning and at the beginning of grazing) using factor scores in multiple linear regressions to remove multicollinearity problem. Morphological data obtained from 159 lambs were subjected to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s Sphericity tests to ascertain the suitability of factor score analysis. A result showed that implementation of factor analysis was appropriate for the studied data set at ...

Shafique Ahmed Memon1,6, Arif Ali1*, Mehar-un-Nisa Narejo2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Imran Ali Rajput4, Muhammad Adeel1, Khalil Ahmed Memon5, Dzolkhifli Omar6, Muhammad Rashid7 and Abdul Rasool

...cewings. Developmental stages of three different species of green lacewings, Chrysoperla nipponensis, Plesiochrysa ramburi and Apertochrysa sp. were provided with three different prey species, Aphis craccivora, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Corcyra cephalonica under the laboratory conditions (25±2 °C). The results indicated that a significantly increased pre-imaginal (19.93±0.24) and mean average days (70.33&plu...

Khadim Hussain Wagan1*, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1 and Abdul Ghani Lanjar2 

...ing critical role for management of this pathogen. For such purpose colony forming units (cfu) per gram of soil and seed were determined and capability of previously characterized M. phaseolina isolates to cause the disease was tested on HO-1 variety. Additionally, most virulent isolate was characterized through sequence and phylogenetic analysis. There was significant variation (Df= 54, F=7.4, P=0.0000) among cfu per gram of M. phaseolina in soil samples coll...

Muhamamd Naeem1 and Murad Khan2* 

...business should be encouraged through the provision of inputs on subsidised prices. 

...

Salman Anwar1, 2*, Farhan Anwar Khan3 and Atta-ur-Rahman4 

... this area are mostly engaged in the agricultural sector. Before the construction of KKH, their mode of agriculture system was subsistence and crude techniques were applied due to non-availability of modern machines and techniques. This was because of the remoteness and communication gap with the rest of the country. Therefore, this study is an effort to compare and analyze the impacts of KKH on the land use and Agricultural development of Gilgit-Baltistan bef...
Shehzad Ghayyur1,3, Sadia Tabassum1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad2Naveed Akhtar1 and Muhammad Fiaz Khan1,*
...response to the stressor agent, while total plasma proteins and triglyceride level were significantly decreased (p < 0.05).

...

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2* 

...sters inflict a heavy damage to the livelihood assets including crops, water, houses and other physical infrastructure. In order to overcome these losses, communities apply short-term coping strategies by spending limited means and hard-earned cash reserves. These unsustainable strategies further exacerbate vulnerabilities and give way to new ones. Taking empirical example of Chitral, the study recommends to formulate policies and encour<...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Samina Khalid3, Zahoor Hussain4, Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6 and John E. Foster6
...abamectin gave better management of citrus leafminer larvae. However, higher concentrations of A. indica oil can be used to control CLM larvae.

...

 Amna Younus1,3, Mariam Faiz2 and Abida Yasmeen1,*

...lt;0.001) with different age groups, tumor grade and ER/PR status of women with breast cancer. 

...

 Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*

...97 (n = 790) and the average sex ratio was 0.43 ± 0.26 (n = 148) for each group, similar to the results obtained in previous years in Jiangxi province (0.378–0.4588). These data indicate that the wintering sex ratio of the merganser has been relatively steady over this period. The current results also revealed temporal and spatial variation in the sex ratio of mergansers, which is common among other duck species. The lower sex ratio in Xiuhe River...

 Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3

...d.

...

 Xu Lijie, Obaid Ullah, Liu Haixing, Ihsan Ali, Zhongshu Li* and Nan-Zhu Fang*

...yo model of oxidative damage by H2O2. We found that H2O2 exposure significantly decreased embryo development, increased the intracellular ROS level, and upregulated the expression levels of the NADPH oxidase genes NOX2, DUOX1, and NOXA1. By contrast, embryo treatment with pioglitazone after H2O2 exposure promote embryo development, significantly decreased the ROS level, downregulates the express...

 Azam Ali* and Amjad Farooq

...as also observed. Percentage of host plant susceptibility index (HPSI) for each cotton variety was also calculated. One way ANOVA was used to analyzed the data statistically. Variety and year had significant (P<0.05) effect on pest populations, eggs count and predator’s populations. It was found that Bt cotton was more resistant to pest attacks than non-Bt. Therefore Bt cotton should be grown to combat pest infestation.

...

Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen

... the farmers were in the age groups of 41-60. HH size of the farmers was 6-9 members per HH. Farming experience of the HH heads was 21-31 and above years as reported by 63.33% of the respondents. Chi-square P-values pointed that age, HH size and farming experience have positive relationship with the LD. Land possession was 6-15 acre for the 53.33% of the farmers and growing both cash and food crops. In the area, the farmers ...

Saqib Bashir* and Bashir Ahmad 

... was incorporated at the age of 90 days showed maximum plant height (103.3 cm), thousand grains weight (45.2 g), biological yield (10199 kg ha-1) and grain yield (3641 kg ha-1) of wheat. The application of nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased plant height (102.5 cm), thousand grains weight (43.8 g), biological yield (10674 kg ha-1) and grain yield (3766 kg ha-1) of wheat. The incorporation of green manures 90 days posts emerged pigeon ...

 Shaher Bano1, Nadia Naseem2 and Sarah Ghafoor1,*

...six animals taken at the age of four weeks and sacrificed at age of five weeks. Group A2 contained six animals taken at age of eight weeks and sacrificed at age of nine weeks. The post-natal submandibular and sublingual salivary glands of both the groups were processed for comparison of immunohistochemistry for TGF-α expression at week five and wee...

 Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2 and Muhammad Anjum Zia3

...ld purified with 58.73 % age recovery. Results of characterization showed that SOD had broad range of pH from 4 to 8.5 but show maximum activity at pH 7 and 7.5 for stressed and control fish, respectively. At 30°C activity of SOD was maximum for both control and stressed fish. At 40 °C the enthalpy of denaturation (∆H*)for metal treated and control fish were 0.373 and 0.736 KJ mol-1, respectively and decreases with further increase in temp...

 Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*

...iagnosed patients and 34 age-matched non-TNBC controls to investigate the expression of miRNA panel. Plasma was isolated by standard protocol of centrifugation and then isolation of total RNA including miRNA was done. About 100ng of isolated miRNA was converted to cDNA after addition of poly (A) tailing and then expression profiling was done by using real time-qPCR technique in which miR-specific DNA primers were used to increase sensitivity of reaction. Expre...

 Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1

... of one of the causative agent of bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus. Ninety milk samples were collected from cows and buffaloes kept at different localities in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. The possible risk factors inquired from farmers were animal type, breeds, urbanicity, age (years), teat washing, bedding area, lactating stage and previous exposure of mastitis. Initiall...
Saleha Gul1,2, Muhammad Khisroon2, Ajmal Khan2, Attaullah1, Saira Gul3 and Gul Nabi Khan1,4,*
...ng highly induces DNA damage in blood cells. Additionally, green tea significantly reduces the toxic effects of smoke which is a hope to rescue tissue exposed to smoke toxins.

...

 Muhammad Arshad Hussain1 and Tariq Mukhtar2,*

...ol strategies for the management of these nematodes accordingly.

...

 Şaban Çelebi

...hite Lohman laying hens, aged 24 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24), each of which was composed of 6 subgroups. The control group received the basal diet (T-1), treatment groups were fed on the the basal diet plus the three experimental diets included one of the followings: 125 mg/kg vitamin E + basal diet (T-2); 0.5 mg/kg Selenium + basal diet (T-3) and 125 mg/kg vitamin E plus 0.5 mg/kg selenium + basal diet (T-4), respectively. Experiment las...
Iram Maqsood1,2,3 and Ke Rong *1,2
...storation, controlled management in captive breeding centers, as well as initiation of reintroduction into the wild. Captive breeding centers focused on livestock, controlled sex ratio, promoting growth characteristics, population genetics, and organ preservation. In addition to this, the habitat restoration program committed to improving the quality and habitat area. The reintroduction project illustrated that A. Sinensis bred in captivity well adapted...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

...ith factors such as sex, age and location with p= values of 0.57, 0.20 and 0.50 respectively. The prevalence ranges between 22.2% and 48.9% across the types of management practice with those managed extensively having the highest (p=0.001). Gastrointestinal nematodes infection was significantly associated with the body condition of the donkeys with the highest prevalence in those with poor...
Muhammad Zain Saleem1,*, Raheela Akhtar1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry1, Muhammad Adeel Manzoor1, Bilal Ahmed Shah3, Rais Ahmed4 and Muhammad Yasin5
.... abortus (causative agent of bovine) may cross the species barrier to infect the small ruminants which may complicate the control measures of brucellosis because most of the control programs rely on serological screening of brucellosis rather than molecular assay which could confirm the particular species circulating in ruminants. In this study 960 and 471 serum samples of goats and sheep were collected, respectively. After screening with Rose Bengal test...
Fazal Abbas1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Zunaira Akhtar1, Khalid Mehmood2, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder3 and Umair Iqbal4
...lves) under one month of age irrespective of cause of diarrhea was selected from different livestock farms located in the outskirts of Lahore. The result showed that there was increased in packed cell volume (%) in their blood profile. The sodium and potassium concentration in ppm significantly increased (P< 0.001) while the calcium, copper and iron concentration in ppm significantly decreased (P< 0.001) in the calves having diarrhea. Copper concentratio...
Guo-hai Wang1, Zai-xi Yang1, Pan Chen1, Wei-ning Tan2 and Chang-hu Lu1,*
...seed dispersers. The average seed dispersal distance was 10.69±4.97 m and 82% of the first post-foraging perching sites were located around 15 m from the mother trees. Our results suggest that the endangered tree species K. septentrionalis attracts native birds to forage and disperse its seeds in karst habitats, and that a high level of seed predation by ground-dwelling animals and microhabitat in karst unfavor...

Ihsan Ullah Khan*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Ashiq Saleem, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah 

... gm), oil content percentage (OC %) and seed yield (SY, kg ha-1) revealed statistically significant differences. All the crosses out-performed the standard check in terms of seed yield (kg ha-1) with significant differences in this regard. Positive and significantly high mid-parent heterosis was observed in all the hybrids for all the studied traits except DFI, DFC and DM which showed negligibly low impact of heterosis on their expression. Comparatively higher...

 Mahroze Fatima1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3

... feeding high vitamin dosages. Supplementation of vitamin E decreased the saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monoenes while increased the poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to control group. Similarly, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), total n-3 PUFA and total n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (ARA)/EPA, EPA/DHA, n3/n6 ratios were increased in muscle of fish fed vitamin E supplemented diets. However, differenc...
Ahmed Ali Samejo* and Riffat Sultana*
...ht at each consecutive stage was carried out for the purpose of investigating the role of immatures in destruction of plants in Thar Desert, Sindh. Hatchlings of solitarious S.gregaria were light green at the time of emergence, but turned over to black with yellow strips after two hours of hatching, when they were placed in crowded condition. However, they remained green, when they were in solitary condition. Solitarious hoppers were passed through five...
Sumreen Hayat1,6, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique2, Bilal Aslam1, Habibullah Nadeem2, Asma Ashraf3, Muhammad Saqalein1, Mohsin Khurshid4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Saima Muzammil1,*
...om children of different age groups. K. pneumoniae isolated from blood and urine samples were identified through API® 20E kit. Antibiogram was determined by disc diffusion method and isolates were screened for ESBL production using double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular detection for the presence of bla-SHV and bla-TEM was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 392 blood and urine samples, 120 were found posi...

Ragia S. Mohamed1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mamdouh. M. Hamoud1, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shimaa A.E. Nasr1, Manal M. Zaki1, ElShaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1* 

...ffect of moisture percentage and pH on the persistence of velogenic NDV genotype VII in the poultry manure which considers a major threat to the Egyptian poultry industry since 2011 onwards. In the present study, manure of specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks was contaminated with allantoic fluid of 8 log2 NDV and kept at room temperature then daily examination of poultry manure for the survival of NDV on the basis of virus isolation and haemagglutination assay...

 Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*

...wise digestion by XI collagenase and trypsin was used to isolate MDSCs and were purified by differential attachment technique. Cell morphology were observed using an inverted microscope, and MDSCs proliferation pattern were determined through growth curve analyses. MDSCs were identified by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, and the immunofluorescence antibody invoved Sca-1, CD34, CD144, Desmin and CD45 which are the makers of MDSCs. Finally, MDSCs were induced int...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Shafqat Saeed3, Munir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Aziz2 andMunir Ahmad4
... is the very important stage in the artificial rearing of bumblebees that entails costs that become visible after diapause completion. In the present study different diapause temperature (-2-0 ºC), (1-3 ºC), (4-6 ºC) and duration (two and three months) showed the highest survival rate of the queens after diapause period of two months at 1-3 ºC. Highest colony initiation rate was observed at 1-3 ºC for three months duration. Early pre-o...
Zhaochao Deng1, Jingchen Chen1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...have only one fishery management units of C. leucas in the South China Sea and genetic heterogeneity among C. leucas in the center of Indo-Pacific regions.
...
Zhaochao Deng1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3, Tianxiang Gao1 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...J tree, two distinct lineages were detected, with strong frequency differences in the geographical distribution. Both lineages were found in Xisha and Zhongsha archipelagos, but only one lineage (lineage B) was detected in Nansha archipelago. Contrary to homogenization expectation, AMOVA and pairwise FST values showed that the genetic d...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Munir Ahmad2, Shafqat Saeed3, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Muhammad Imran4 and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh4
...ameters in the initial stage of colony growth like pre-oviposition period and emergence timing of the first worker were observed best at 28 and 30 ºC. Number of workers produced in the first brood and in the total lifespan of the colony was also observed higher at 28 ºC. Higher number of progeny queens was produced at temperature treatment of 30 ºC. Therefore, 28-30 ºC temperature exposure to the post-hibernated queens was found the best fo...

Saud Khan and Inamullah* 

...oil with appropriate tillage implement may enhance oil and grain yield of sunflower. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of phosphorus (P) levels and tillage instruments on grain and oil yield of sunflower at Agronomy Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar (Pakistan) during summer 2017. Split plot arrangement of the Randomized Complete Block design was used with four replicatio...
Fukuan Du1,2, Yongkai Tang1, Juhua Yu1, Shengyan Su1, Fan Yu1, Jianlin Li1, Hongxia Li1, Meiyao Wang1 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...764 unigenes with an average length of 1092 bp and a total of 115,169 putative Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs). Among them, 37 SSRs were selected for the validation experiments. All of the loci were found to be polymorphic and showed bi-allelic in 60 individuals of C. nasus. These SSR markers should not only be useful for population conservation, but also for construction of genetic linkage map and economic performance...

Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1* 

...poultry industry. Bad management for poultry byproducts (e.g. manure) might be a reason for environmental pollution which contaminate the environment either chemically through haphazard usage of medications and or biologically through massive use of homologous/heterologous vaccines especially the live ones. The aim of the current work is to estimate the persistence time for velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of genotype...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...nds.
...

Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1 

...tead of conventional tillage in cotton stubble to avoid further late sowing of wheat. Zone disc tiller drill sows crop in strips. Strip tillage of soil reduced labour, fuel, irrigation and machinery costs. Zone disk tiller was tested for its field performance with three different types of furrow openers viz; disk furrow opener, reverse hoe furrow opener and hoe furrow opener. Statistical design, RCBD, was employed to evaluat...

Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1 

... be used as a biocontrol agent to manage other fungal diseases of agricultural crops also. 

...

Abdul Kabir1, Laiba Uroog2*, Naushad Ahmad3, Fawad Ahmad3, Muhammad Saqib3, Noor Badshah4 and Taj Ali Khan3 

...positive samples, percentage prevalence of different bacterial species was: E.coli (37%), S. aureus (23%), Pseudomonas (20%), Streptococcus (10%), Proteus (7%) and Salmonella (3%). The study reported high percentage of E. coli in cases of subclinical mastitis. It may be due to transfer of pathogen from cow to buffaloes and from the environment in herds of mixed farming. The study results may be helpful in developing the stra...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi* 

...egies for the disease management viz., exploitation of host plant resistance, cultural, physical, chemical and biological control. Studies on pathogen variation have revealed that breeding with single major gene for resistance may be unsuccessful due to breakdown in resistance. Up to this extent, multi cropping using resistant varieties appears to be better option for the disease’s management. Evidence from my laborato...

Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2* 

...NRM (Natural Resource Management) particularly in Livestock in union council Kahori, District Muzaffarabad. From 111 sampled respondents primary data were collected through pre-tested questionnaire. Three villages namely; Kundipiran, Kariandarar and Kulpana from union council Kahori were purposively selected. The study indicated that the majority of the sampled respondents were female. To compare the size of livestock holdin...

Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan 

...d, labor, finance and management practices etc. This article assessed the knowledge gap of improved cane management practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Sugarcane growers were selected randomly and Data were collected through interview schedule from 285 respondents in D.I. Khan and Mardan districts during sugarcane cropping season, 2018. Knowledge gap index was applied as a measuring tool. The empirical result...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...ominent role in aphid management. It exploits several different cues released by plants to increase the efficiency of foraging. Aphid endoparasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have an ability to locate itshosts by responding to odours from aphid hostplants or by visual searching.The treatments with different combinations of plant extracts and semiochemicals were used for natural enemypreference experiment. The experiment wa...

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

...of farmers and their linkages with government as well private sector for livestock improvement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. A total of 480 respondents from four districts, namely Swat, Mardan, Abbotabad and Dera Ismail Khan were randomly selected for interview purpose. Descriptive statistical techniques along with independent sample t-test and dummy variable regression were used for analysis. It is observed during the study that livestock extension dep...

Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Aftab Khan1 and Bakhtawar Riaz

...selected through multi-stage proportional allocation sampling techniques. Data was collected by using a well-structured interview schedule. Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to assess technical efficiency. Maximum likelihood estimation techniques were employed for estimation. Results showed that all explanatory variables except pesticides have significant effect on tomato production. The results showed that a 1% increase in seed rate, labor, tracto...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...om birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births(single and twin), the estimates of parameters and their credible intervals were obtained from posterior distributions. The overall goodness of fit of classical method was calculated; namely, Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Deviance information criterion (DIC) a...
Abid Hussain1,2, Farida Ahmed3, Shyamali C. Dharmage4, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam5 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...s highest in 31-40 years age group with significant variation across different age groups (p<0.05). Among sensitized population, allergic rhinitis was most prevalent disease (41.57%) followed by bronchial asthma (25.68%) while allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma at the same time were 3.9% prevalent. This study revealed a huge number of patients with diverse demographics, suffering from allergic diseases and sensitizati...
Emel Banu Buyukunal1,*, Rojan Ibrahim Albazaz1 and Mehmet Ali Bal2,3
...ermined against thirteen agents; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by disk diffusion method. Double-disk synergy test (DDST) was also performed for detection of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. As a result, majority of poultry isolates was susceptible to most of th...

Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8 

...ially with leguminous forages and form special structure, i.e., nodules, with 90% of Fabaceae family and displayed all possible means for improving the fertility of soils. Rhizobium also forms a symbiotic association with non-legumes because of their great colonizing capability and helps in improving crop growth. Physiological precursors are also used in association with rhizobium because of their higher solubility in water, continuous providence of hormones a...

Muhammad Sohail1*, Asad Sultan2, Said Sajjad Ali Shah3, Muhammad Sajid1 and Adnan Khan4

...il birds were raised in cages having three main groups, one each for wheat (W), maize (M), sorghum (S) and six subgroups for the collection of fecal samples and further analyses. Nutrient profile, digestibility coefficients, and apparent metabolizable energy were investigated. Fat percentage and metabolizable energy was higher in maize (4.1% and 17.04 MJ/kg). The protein levels in wheat varieties were 12.15 and 11.89% which ...

Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4 

...ce of certain chemical reagents. In order to detect and differentiate parapox infections from those induced by pox virus. A new parapox specific and sensitive PCR assay based on amplification of B2L gene was applied against conserved gene of Orf virus. Crusted scraps and biopsies from different portion of skin and blood were taken as sample for PCR. Gross, histopathological, hematological examination was carried out to rule out possible cause of infection and ...
Senol Celik
...and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were estimated. According to these criteria, MARS produced better predictive accuracy in explaining the variability in LBW compared with others. MARS produced the best fit for 3rd interaction order on the basis of the smallest generalized cross validation (GCV). In the MARS algorithm, BL and CG were the predictors that had the highest relative importance (100%) in the prediction of live body weight and these two predic...
Shengjie Zhou1,2, Pengfei Wang1,2, Chao Zhao1,2, Mingjun Fu3, Jian G. Qin4, Lihua Qiu1, Zhenhua Ma1, 4,* and Maoshang Lin1
...ith the increase of fish age from 0 DPH to 4 DPH, and reached the highest level on 12 DPH. The highest expression of L-FABP gene was observed in fish cultured at 29°C on both 12 DPH and 18 DPH (P< 0.05). Nutrition enhancement significantly affected the expression of L-FABP gene, the highest expression was observed in the Algamac 3080 treatment, and lowest expression was observed in the Nannochloropsis treatment. This study pr...
Sheng Niu1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Fa-jie Jia1, Xin Li1, Guan-bao Ning1, Ding Zhang1, Hai-li Ma1, Wei-fang Hao2, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Shi-min Gao1, Jian-hui Li1, Gui-lan Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Huan-chun Chen1,3 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...el, also exists in cartilage zone. It has recently been shown that chicken erythrocytes constitutively express toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and avian β-defensins (AvBDs). Host defense peptides (HDPs) are important effector molecules in innate immunity. In this study, thiram has been used to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and the chickens were injected with different doses of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) proteins. We exp...
Nursinatrio and Rudy Agung Nugroho*
...y weight gain (BWG), average weekly gain (AWG), daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate (SR) and carcass proximate of red tilapia were measured. The results showed that HCFM up to 12% could be used as supplementation and showed positive effects on all growth parameters. Supplementation of HCFM above 6% in the red tilapia diet increased the protein and ...
Faraz Akrim1,2, Tariq Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem3, Siddiqa Qasim1, Shaista Andleeb1 and Hira Fatima1
... its conservation and management. We investigated dietary breadth of two carnivore species; Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) occurring in the north-eastern Himalayan region (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) of Pakistan with a view to compute the niche overlap between the two species. The Indian grey mongoose was recorded at 15 different sampling sites within the elevation range 699-1559 m above mea...
Yuyu Wang, Gangchun Xu*, Zhijuan Nie, Quanjie Li, Nailin Shao and Pao Xu*
...IPRS). Fish (initial average body weight: 35.68±2.12g) were randomly allotted to in-pond raceways (26.2m×5m×2.5m) stocked at two stocking densities (68 and 114 fish/m3, respectively). Fish were fed twice daily (08:00 and 17:00), and the daily ration feed was 4% of the body weight. No significant differences were observed in growth, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant status between fish reared at two stocking densities (P...

Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1 

...were polymorphic. At average 2 alleles per locus were identified. The size of all alleles ranged from 210bp to 630 bp. Major allelic frequency fluctuated from 54.0% to 96.0%. An overall, the total No. of alleles per locus extended from 22 (PVBR 20) to 49 PvM053. Similarly, the frequency values oscillated from 0.06 of PVBR 20 to 0.14 of PvM053. The PIC values were ranged from 0.295 of PVBR 20 to 0.831 of PvM053. The Two Way Cluster dendrogram was conducted for ...

Aliya Ayaz, Gohar Ayub, Maqsood Khan* and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah 

...eased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield plot-1, total yield and survival percentage. In case of dipping durations, seeds dipped for 18 hours significantly reduced days to emergence and days to first flower, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield plot-1 ...

Ayat Ullah* and Ayesha Khan 

..., Pakistan. Using multistage random sampling technique data were collected from 395 respondents according to Yamane’s formula. The study uses the Kruskal–Wallis H test for checking differences among farmers knowledge with differences in their contact with extension service providers. The results revealed significant differences in farmers’ knowledge of chemical, biological and cultural control methods of pest with differences in the frequency...

Kubra Siddique*, Ghaffar Ali, Irfan Ullah, Atta Ullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz 

...s reveal that on the average, households in rural region spend more on the food items while, urban households spend more on non-food items. Expenditures on beef is noted highest for both urban and rural region followed by chicken, fish and other meat type (Eggs, Shrimps, Prawns). Empirical results show that for all the selected meat type expenditure elasticities are positive suggesting them as normal goods. The expenditure elasticities for mutton and beef ar...
Bingbing Gao1, Na Song1, Zhonglu Li2, Tianxiang Gao3 and Liqin Liu3,*
... important in fishery management and conservation. The ponyfish species Nuchequula mannusella is a dominant species along southern coast of China with important economic and ecological value, and little of its population genetic structure has been known. We use mitochondrial DNA markers to investigate the genetic structure of the species along southern coast of China. The complete sequences of Cytochrome b (Cytb) gene of 163 individuals co...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...tantial effect on the management of C. pomonella (L). Minimum mean fruit drop were recorded for the intercrop Apple + Trifolium (2.87) which were significantly lower than all other intercrops including control (Apple sole). Likewise, minimum percent infestation (57.19%) were recorded for the Apple + Trifolium, whilst maximum 85.86% were observed in the Apple sole. Same intercrop was also good impact in curtailing C. pomonella mean moth catch (1.4...
Wang Zaigui1,*, Guo Panpan1, Ye Miao1, Sun Linghong1, Zhang Hongfu2 and Liu Chaoliang1,*
... were measured at each stage of silkworm. With the aim to investigate the supplemental effects of B.subtilis on growth performances, cocoon quality and amylase activity of silkworm, Bombyx L, we got the following results: (1) In the larval duration of 3rd instar silkworm, average weight gain (AWG) and feed conversion ratio (RFC) were not significantly affected with the use of B. subtilis, but the remai...
Iram Gull*, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Imran Tipu, Roohi Mushtaq and Muhammad Amin Athar
...of HCV NS3 protease cleavage site at splicing junction is reported.
...
Shamsudin Bojang1, Idris Abd Ghani2, Jugah Kadir1, Adamu Saidu Paiko1, Yasir Iftikhar3 and Muhammad Kamran3,4,*
...ode has been known to damage the greens and other plants in other part of the world then the probability for the specie to adapt to other hosts other than the family of poaceae under Malaysian climate should not be discounted. Therefore, screening and restriction of movement of planting materials be observed critically.
...
Sagir Hussain, Erum Iqbal* and Shahina Fayyaz
...ed from district Hunza, Nager, Gilgit and Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan during 2014-2016 to determine the temperature dependent property of Quinisulcius capitatus. About 280 root and soil samples were taken from 47 locations and 28 agricultural crops.Compilated data from the world has shown that Q. capitatus has the potential to survive and propagate proficiently at low temperature (-2 to -15ºC).
...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
...stpartum reproductive management plays a vital role in dairy farm economics. Primary objective of the present study was to compare the efficiency of standard Ovsych protocol (OVP0) and its modified forms (OVP5 and OVP7) as postpartum reproductive management tools in cyclic dairy cows. In total, 167 Holstein cows were randomly divided into three treatment groups. The OVP0 group was comprised of 58 cows. Other two groups, OVP5...
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem* and Muhammad Faheem Akbar
...ticides in plant pest management in perspective of the public concern over the level of pesticide residues in food and environment causing health and ecological problems. The indiscriminate use of synthetics insecticides in crop protection has also led to development of resistant strains of pests and have adverse effects on non-target organisms including natural enemies and pollinators. Amongst bio-rational insecticides, neonicotinoids and insect growth regula...
Abdur Rauf Nizami*
... on “Faunal Assemblages of the Middle Jurassic Samana Suk Formation, Chichali Gorge Section, Surghar Range, Sub-Himalayas-Pakistan”. The Samana Suk Formation is a carbonate sequence of the Middle Jurassic age and is widely distributed in the Upper Indus Basin, northern Pakistan. This formation belongs to the Baroch Group and is mainly comprised of limestones, which were thought to be a prospective fossils archive...
Pin Lyu1, Xiangxian Chen2* andQinlong Liu3*
...ntrol), exercise and massage, massage only and exercise only and received acute skeletal contusion to the right tibialis anterior, followed by corresponding rehabilitation methods. The injured muscular tissues and blood samples were collected pre-injury and post-injury on day 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 15. The exercise and massage group showed the fastest recovery reflected by muscular histolog...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...flower and corn growth stages in the field because food resources and foraging behaviors stimulated and restrained the acquisition of supplemental nutrients as a strategy for reproduction. To evaluate their food choices, wireworm were exposed to different types of plants associated with their farmland habitat, as follows: mixed pollen and nectar of flowers (Erigeron annuus, Trifolium repens, Heteropappus hispidus, Potentilla chinen...
Xiaona Cao1,3-5, Yuanyuan Ren2-5, Xiaoteng Cui2-5, Baoxin Qian2-5, Chunyan Zhao 2-5, Jie Yang2-5, Chao Su2-5,* and Xingjie Gao2-5,*
...tion-induced cellular damage.
...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
...r parameters. The percentage of total carotenoids in the adductor, gill, mantle, and visceral mass was 6.50%, 10.79%, 15.11% and 67.61%, respectively. Generally, the tissue-specific carotenoid distribution is ranked in the order being adductor < mantle < gill < visceral mass. Significant correlations were found between TCC and the color parameters, with the highest fit (r = 0.908) in the Pearson’s correlation between the color parameter, a* <...
Jun Yan Bai*, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Xiao Hong Wu and Guang Lu Li
...ail (P<0.05). The average egg weight of Korea quail is significantly higher than those of China yellow quail and Beijing white quail (P<0.05). The egg laying capacity of China yellow quail is better compared to other two species.
...

Waqar Akhtar1*, Munir Ahmad2, Nadeem Akmal1, Hassnain Shah1 and Asif Ali Mirani2 

...d more comparative advantage as compare to dried dates with DRC value (0.72). The measures of protection showed that there was more dis-protection for fresh dates as compared to dried dates. Despite more resource use efficiency in the fresh dates only 16 percent produce was processed as fresh dates remaining 84 percent produce was converted into dried dates. This finding implicates that the overall dates production system secure low domestic resource use effic...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...ta on several health, management and bio-security variables was collected in face to face interviews from farmers, managers and owners. Milk samples collected were subjected to California Mastitis Test.Data entry and validation was performed through Epi-Data. Data analysis was performed through SPSS. Chi-square and regression analysis were conducted. An overall prevalence of 67.3% was found. On multivariable logistic regress...
Mohsan Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1, Rashid Mahmood2,*, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2, Imran Bodlah1, Farah Naz3 and Muhammad Usman Raja3
...um (Chickpea) in storages and renders grains unfit for human consumption. In the present study, synergistic effects of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB), Photorhabdus temperata and Xenorhabdus nematophila were studied as bio-control agents to manage this pest. In addition, percent ...
Muamber Shah1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mobashar1, Mubashar Ali Khalique2, Irfan Khattak3, Ambrina Tariq4, Ijaz Ahmad1 and Shabana Naz5,*
... while live sperm percentage was significantly (P<0.05) high in Jersey bulls and sperm abnormality was significantly (P<0.05) high in Sahiwal and Friesian-Sahiwal cross. In addition, semen quality was improved in all the breeds after supplementation of vitamin C. There was no significant effect of BCS on the sperm quality of bulls. The results give important information regarding the semen quality of different breeds of bulls under heat stress condition....

Essossinam Ali* 

...abor allocation. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 704 farm households in three regions (Central, Kara and Savannah) in subsistence agriculture in Northern Togo. Tobit and linear regression models were used to analyze the effect of farmers’ risk aversion on fertilizer and DTS uses, and labour allocation, respectively. The results indicate that on average 86.22% of farmers have risk aversion b...
Hashim Ullah1, Abdur Rahman1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Ambrina Tariq3, Shabana Naz4,*
...ture and dressing percentage of WaziriandMazaisheep. A total of 36 mature sheep of Waziri and Mazai were selected and processed for dressing percentage and meat quality through proximate analysis. Wazirisheephad lower cholesterol as compared to Mazai. With the increasing BCS, the cholesterol content was significantly increased in both the breeds. The dressing percentage and crude protein w...

Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Sami Ullah1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Muhammad Zeshan5, Adeel Abbas1, Mehmood Ali Noor1 and Mohsin Nawaz1 

...d grain filling growth stages of wheat crop respectively. Results revealed that B application at the rate of 0.05 M solution substantially increased plant height, productive tillers, 1000 grain-weight and final grain yield. It was observed that 0.05 M B applications at delayed growth stages after booting is less effective in improvement of yield attributes of wheat crop as compared to booting stage

Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali* 

... selected through multistage random sampling procedure. Data was collected through a well-designed interview schedule during January-July, 2018. Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to estimate effect of important determinants on tomato yield. Results showed that the estimated coefficient of net farming (dummy) is 0.25; implies that tomato yield with net farming is 25 percent more than traditional production technology. DAP, Nitrate and Urea, labor a...
Hong Ma*, Bo Fu, Liang Wang, Zhong-qiu Li and Di Liu*

 

...velopmental rate at cleavage and blastocyst stages. Our results showed that the HSPC117 transgenic embryos had markedly higher cleavage and blastocyst rates when compared to the embryos with pcDNA 3.1 vector, (69.7 ± 3.5% vs. 64.6 ± 1.8%, and 24.8 ± 2.2% vs. 15.9 ± 4.3%, respectively). However, blastocyst cell number was not different betwee...
Junli Sun1,2,3, Lin Bai1 2, Xiaogan Yang1,2, Yangqing Lu1,2, Shengsheng Lu1,2,* and Kehuan Lu1,2,*
...effects of mechanical damage from microopetations on embryo development, we analyzed 60 the spent culture media of porcine parthenogenetic embryos experienced different types of microopetation using Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that Group II with the puncture of egg zona and plasma membrane had the highest cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, which was significantly higher than Grou...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...orated in future pest management programs against D. mangiferae mealybugs. 

...
Syeda Shazia Bokhari*, Ghashia Qayyum, Uzma Rafi and Aisha Waheed Qurashi
...ation.
...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
...he protein filament of flagellar apparatus producing significantly controlled biofilm formation which might also be helpful to control clinical infections associated with Desulfovibrio spp.
...

Muhammad Yasin1, Romana Shahzadi1, Muhammad Riaz2, Mahideen Afridi2, Wajya Ajmal3, Obaid Ur Rehman2, Nazia Rehman3, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1,3, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1,2,3* 

...e present study was envisaged to isolate the orthologs of SHPs and FUL from local canola “Pakola” and “Punjab Sarsoon 3”, and to study expression patterns of their transcripts. Morphological data revealed significant difference between pod wall thicknesses, seeds per pod and pod length between the two cultivars. PCR amplification and sequencing revealed that two products namely BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like could be identified. The sequen...

Tahira Jatt1, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1, Lane Rayburn2, Ray Ming3, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1 and Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar1,4* 

... (t) chromosomes and average length of chromosomes vary in all cultivars ranging from 0.99μm to 6.46μm. Results indicated that var. Wild03 have symmetric karyotype with 11m+4sm+3t. Wild03 was likely primitive karyotype as compared to var. Asul Khurmo which represented the advance karyotype by showing maximum number of telocentric chromosome. 

...
Fazal Wahab1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Nazir Ahmad1, Urooba Parvez2, Zia ur Rehman3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...rds. Birds were kept in cages for 28 days in open sided house. FS-0 was kept as control while treatments FS-0.5, FS-0.75 and FS-1 were provided with fenugreek seed powder in the ration at the rate of 0.5, 0.75 and 1%, respectively. Egg production and feed intake was recorded on daily basis. Egg weight, egg shell weight, egg shell thickness, Haugh unit, albumin height and yolk weight were determined on weekly basis. The results showed that FS supplementation si...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...be integrated in pest management programs against D. mangiferae and other sucking insect pests.
...

Anam Sardar1, Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehaman2*, Mudassar Yasin3, Raheel Saqib4, Allah Bakhsh3, Haroon Javaid5 and Muhammad Luqman

...vealed Comparative Advantage) and RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) were estimated to find the possible international markets for beef. According to the findings internal markets are categorized into four categories of existing potential markets, future potential markets, low potential markets and markets with no potential. First category of beef markets with no potential includes Afghanistan, Qatar and Viet Na...
Mohammed Anas Chowdhury1, Md. Abdul Karim1, Md. Tayfur Rahman1, Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat1, Ashikur Rahman1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain2*
...0.15 to 0.48 with an average value of 0.34±0.11.
...
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...respectively. The percentage recovery of hepatic CAT from control and exposed C. striata was calculated as 81.77±1.41and 69.94±0.71, respectively. Results of kinetic characterization showed that optimum pH and temperature for hepatic CAT was noted as 7.5 and 25oC, respectively. It was concluded that the insecticides mixture exposure can alter the activity of antioxidant enzymes in fish. T
hese parameters can be used ...
Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3, Laiba Shafique4, Ghazala Nazeer5
...re caused significant damage to nuclei (22.58±5.37%) and GDI (0.73±0.15%) in RBCs of fish as compare to control. Aduration-specific damage to DNA was observed in RBCs of C. catla.
...

Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2 and Abdul Saboor3 

...as, which indicate the stage of production function of hydroponics system. Domestic resource cost indicates relative efficiency of hydroponics products in domestic resource use. Results indicated that labor used in production of hydroponics products and supply chain management of hydroponics products both in the domestic market and in regional markets has significantly affecting total value product of the hydroponics. Return...
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
...ersity followed by dinoflagellates. A total of 138 phytoplankton species (80 diatoms and 57 dinoflagellates) contributed to the phytoplankton diversity during the study. Zooplankton exhibited clear diel variation in distribution with higher abundance during night. Among the thirty-zooplankton taxa observed, Copepoda formed the dominant taxa. Of the total 70 copepod species observed during the study eight species are new reco...

Abdul A. Mirani1,2*, Chee H. Teo2, Adel A. Abul-Soad3, Ghulam S. Markhand1, Tahira Jatt1, Ameer A. Mirbahar1,4, Najamuddin Solangi

... II) in multiplication stage were screened for type and nature of phenotypic abnormalities. Six phenotypic abnormalities were detected: 1) dwarfism, 2) excessive vegetative growth, 3) production of deformed offshoots and twisted inflorescence, 4) abnormal frond growth, 5) low levels of fruit setting and 6) inflorescence absent. Among the six different variant phenotypes, complete reversion of phenotypic abnormalities for the phenotypes of inflorescence absent,...

Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1 

...ole in soil fertility management is a new area of research. In this study, it was applied to soil in three particle sizes (< 2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm) in combination with two commercial biofertilizers; Bizote-N and Rhizogold to lentils during Winter 2015 in an RCB design and the residual effect was evaluated on soil micro-nutrient status and chemical properties after maize harvest in Summer 2016. Particle sizes in the above order showed 3, 2 and 2% increase i...

Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid

...ent so they may be encouraged for cooperative farming. Climate change vulnerability monitoring may be beneficial for policy makers in policy formulation and implementation processes to develop zone specific sustainable adaptation strategies particularly to improve farmers’ food security, economic situation and education in Pakistan. 

...

Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3* and Balach Rasheed

...igation system may be managed on new footings to irrigate more lands to achieve the ultimate objectives of economic growth in Pakistan.

...
Jingchen Chen, Zhaochao Deng and Zhiqiang Han*
...les belonging to two lineages of A. personatus mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used in the study. Based on the complete mtDNA sequence, the genetic distance between the two lineages is 0.064. Results show that the total sequence lengths of the three samples of A. personatus mitochondrial genome are 16,537 bp (AP1), 16,536 bp (AP2) and 16,537 bp (AP3), where the base composition has biases of high A+T and low G+C...
Tariq Mukhtar1,* and Muhammad Arshad Hussain2 
...r Sanam suffered less damage and suppressed nematode infections at all inoculum levels and therefore, recommended for cultivation in root-knot nematode infested fields to abate yield losses and repress the nematode from further multiplication. 
...
Zeynep Soyer Sarıca1*, Meryem Eren2 and Meryem Senturk2
...ate induced oxidative damage in the brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes were estimated in the brain tissues of the Sprague Dawley rats. Compared to the control groups, a significant increase in the brain tissue MDA level of the group which received only 10 mg/kg K2Cr2O7 was observed, whereas no ...

Muhammad Shafique, Nosheen Noor Elahi*, Muhammad Rashid, Amjad Farooq and Kausar Hussain Shah

...ogen and proteins percentage of four mung bean varieties under different NaCI levels in sand culture after 5,7 and 9 weeks of sowing. Both inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown on mineral medium that were N-free either without NaCI or with a range of NaCI (20, 50,100, 200 and 300mM). Dry weight of plants was increased at 0-50mM NaCl and decreased at 100-300mM NaCI concentration. Inoculation effectively increased the dry weights of plants at salinity le...

Umar Hayat1*, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad

...titutional credit, encourage agro-based industries, use of updated technology in the agriculture sector, provide advanced techniques to livestock-related farmers and to promote agricultural exports for foreign exchange earnings to achieve the ultimate goal of agricultural growth in Pakistan.

...
Saeed Murtaza1,*, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Raza3, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar1, Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz4, Muhammad Ali5 and Rais Ahmed6
...c line in longitudinal images and by an almost circular hyperechoic area in the middle of the organ in transverse images. The epididymal head and body were less echogenic than the testis and were homogeneous; the epididymal tail was heterogeneous, but less echogenic than the testis. In organs with lesions, various lesions included sperm granulomata in the epididymis, testicular degeneration with or without mineralization, te...

Ammara Saeed* and Noor-ul-Amin 

...ays) and survival percentage (96.8 %). Results further showed that all the study attributes were recorded significantly best in 2015 compared to 2014. In cultivars, Gold Medal produced early sprouting (12.7 days), maximum number of branches (7.4), and number of leaves branch-1 (15.3), survival percentage (87.1%), number of flowers (10.6) and flower persistence (9.2 days). While cultivar Cardinal produced highest flower stalk...
Gulzhan Аubakirova1,*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2 and Tanatar Dzhamanbayev1
...egulated and properly managed intensive-type lake farms are created.
...
Wen-Feng Li1, Rong-Yue Zhang1, Chun-Hua Pu2, Jiong Yin1, Zhi-Ming Luo1, Xiao-Yan Wang1, Xiao-Yan Cang1, Hong-Li Shan1 and Ying-Kun Huang1,*
...tural enemies will encourage natural control of pest species while protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance. Moreover, through enhanced comprehensive pest control, sustainable development of the sugar industry will be promoted.

 

...

Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali 

...14 randomly selected villages two from each tehsil. The study results revealed that most of the respondents perceived the problem of soil erosion and their willingness to pay for the suggested forestation based soil conservation practices were on average Rs.4666 per year. Regression analysis revealed that slope of the land, family size, income, land size, education, age and perception, wer...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
... respectively. Moreover, age-wise study revealed high prevalence of MG in 24-31 weeks old layers (44.17%) as compared to 55-63 weeks old layer flock (14.49%). The study of seasonal effect revealed highest MG prevalence in December (44%) while lowest in October (20%). Furthermore, higher prevalence was recorded in layer flocks with large number (4000-5000) as 33.33% than flocks with small number of birds (1000-2000) as 24.28%. In addition, it was also found tha...
Qudrat Ullah1,8,*, Huma Jamil1, Laeeq Akbar Lodhi1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Tariq Jamil2, Iahtasham Khan3, Shahbaz Bashir4, Qudratullah5, Inamullah Wazir6M. Abdus Sallam1 and Muhammad Zubair7
Asima Azam1, Asma-Ul-Husna2, Saima Qadeer3, Qaisar Shahzad4, Rabea Ejaz1, Nemat Ullah5, Tasneem Akhtar4 and Shamim Akhter2,*
...ulture (IVC). The percentage of embryos capable of crossing 8-16 cell block and reaching morula stage were higher (P < 0.05) in Group II and Group III compared to other treatments. Both treatment groups were equally effective (P > 0.05). Results also indicated that synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium was found better than M199 when co-cultured and conditioned with buffalo oviductal epithelial cells for culturing buf...
Zil-e-Huma1, 2, Abdul Malik Tareen3, Kaleem Ullah3, Tauseef M Asmat4,Abdul Samad4Asim Iqbal2, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa3*,Irshad Ahmad5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman6
... less than five years of age in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. A total of 200 samples were collected from children suffering with diarrhea. E. coli was isolated using standard biological procedures and confirmed by colonial characteristics, biochemical profile and specie specific PCR. Multiplex PCR was applied to differentiate among the five main diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes (enteropathogenic E. coli...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1

 

...PCR. Among risk factors, age2=19.35, P value=0.001), breed (χ2=29.08, P value=0.000), frequency of acaricidal treatment (χ2=18.56, P value=0.001), number of cleaning times (χ2=16.11, P value=0.002), feeding system (χ2=23.41, P value=0.001), floor pattern (χ2=17.98, P value=0.000) and hygienic measures (χ2=25.79, P value=0.001) significantly influenced th...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib Ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...l bone distally. The average maximum height and breadth for fibular tarsal, tibial tarsal, central and fourth fused tarsal, first tarsal, second and third fused tarsal are (5.61±0.23 cm and 2.06±0.13 cm), (2.79±0.05 cm and 1.74±0.01 cm), (1.51± 0.13 cm and 2.08±0.07cm), (0.61 ±0.01 cm and 1.10±0.06 cm) and (0.98±0.01 cm and 1.49±0.01 cm), respectively. 
...

Masooma Munir1,2*, Abdul Ahad3, Asra Gull1, Aqsa Qayyum2, Nouman Rashid Siddique2, Amer Mumtaz2, Naeem Safdar2, Barkat Ali2, Muhammad Nadeem1 and Tahir Mahmood Qureshi

... in apricot bars and storage was done up to 3 months. Moisture and sugar content decreased with storage time while ash and fiber contents remained same during storage. The mineral and ash contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) among the treatments. Total sugars ranged from 64.77% to 67.29%. Reducing sugars were high than non-reducing sugars. It has been concluded that the addition...
Khalid P. Loneand Irfana Liaqat*
... was done throughout the age of 18-29 months. For this purpose, nearly 500 fish were kept in ponds and sampled every month for the histology of the testis. After taking data regarding other somatic traits, the testes were fixed in buffered formalin and processed for routine histology and light microscopy. The annual maturity stages can easily be divided into five gross stages namely, immat...
Raja Imran Hussain* and Iqra Yousaf
...gs could reduce wheat damage. 30 trap stations were placed in each cropland, non-agricultural land and human dwellings for twelve months. Rodent abundance was high in cropland and negatively correlated with human dwellings. No difference in abundance was observed in the non-crop and fallow land. Tatera indica was the most abundant species. High adjusted trapping success in cropland and low in human dwellings were observed during the spring season. Trapp...
Unal Kilic1*, Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi1 and Deniz Ekinci2
...ved 8 groups for each forage, 3 different straws (wheat straw, soybean straw, sorghum straw), which comprise of 2 different LiP enzyme treatments (Available –Not Available) and 4 different treatment groups (control, 4% urea, 10% molasses and 14% urea+molasses (4% urea, 10% molasses). Hohenheim gas test was used in in vitro gas production measurements while infrared methane analyzer was used to determine methane production. The experiments were con...
Khansa Nazir1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Humayun Javed2
...tal consequences, the management of plant parasitic nematodes using nanoparticles can be one of the important alternatives. In the present study, the nematicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was investigated against the most destructive root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). The maximum mortality of juveniles was recorded at a concentration of 100 mg/ml followed by 75 mg/ml of AgNP. The minimum mortality was recorded with 25 mg/ml of AgN...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Moez Ayadi1 and Abdullah H. Alyemni2
...station). Lambing percentage, lamb birth weight, lamb weaning weight and mortality rate were recorded. Blood samples were collected regularly during the different stages and analyzed for different important nutritional metabolites. In addition, colostrum, at parturition, and milk samples on day 30, 60 and 90 postpartum were collected for nutrient contents. The results showed an improvement in lambing rate of ewes in T1 and T...
Asad Abdullah, Muhammad Irfan Ullah*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Arshad and Muhammad Afzal
...cal for the efficient management of this economically important insect pest. We studied the effect of various host plants on the growth, development and fecundity of S. litura. The larvae of S. litura were offered leaves of cabbage, alfalfa, sesbania and, maize in comparison to artificial diet under laboratory conditions (32±05 oC; 65±05 RH). Thelarval suitability was found maximum on c...
Naimat Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shahbaz Javaid4*, Tarique Tonio1 and Asif Mahmood5
... bulls at nearly similar age and body weight were selected and allotted erratically into 3 treatment groups, denoted as A, B and C for a period of 2 months (May and June). Each group was assigned 8 bulls. Bulls in group A were not fed with any dietary fat (control group) while bulls in group B and C were offered 100 and 200 g/kg as fat supplements, respectively. Semen quality parameters i.e. sperm motility and progressive sperm motility (%), sperm concentratio...
Emre Barlas1 and Elif Yamaç2,*
...rity for conservation management plans.
...
Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom and Shin-Jae Rhim*
...d ground vegetation coverage, the number of standing and downed trees ha-1 and the volume of downed trees ha-1 were significantly different between the pre- and post-thinning sessions. Mean density of Apodemus agrarius, A. peninsulae, and Myodes regulus were significantly different between sessions. Monthly captured adults and juveniles of A. agrarius and A. peninsulae were significantly higher in the po...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Mubashar Raza, Waqas Raza*, Misbah Iqbal Qamar 

...on and inhibition percentage of P. infestans and F. oxysporum in dual culture assay significantly higher by T. harzianum HK as compared to all other isolates. Furthermore, pot experiments conducted with carbon rich compost inoculated with Trichoderma strains with pathogens inoculums provided most effective control as compared with nitrogen rich compost and nutrient enriched compost. These results suggested the potential of Trichoderma spp. for affective contro...
Constance Obiageli Ejilibe1, Helen O. Nwamba2, Ifeanyi Chinedu Atama3,*, Chiamaka Lynda Ani2, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie3, Josephine C. Madu3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani3
... indicative of muscle damage and depletion of protein synthesis. Both pesticides should be applied with extreme caution to avoid toxicity to non-target organisms.
...

Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2 

...gn: justify;">Water shortage is the main limitation for agricultural production in many parts of the world. Drought or unavailability of water may seriously limit plant growth as well as yield. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of various irrigation strategies i.e. Full (FI), deficit (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on physiological, water relations, water use efficiency (WUE), and yield related attributes of wheat. These irrigati...

Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq 

...e collected at harvest stages and assessed for AMF colonization. Soil samples were also collected at the time of root sampling and analyzed for AMF spores. The results showed that neither root colonization of AMF in wheat and maize nor AMF spores density in soil were significantly (P<0.05) affected by cropping systems in any year. The average AMF spores in soil ranged from 45.1 to 39.8 per 20 g soil in wheat phase and 41....
Muhammad Tariq Adnan Khan*, Tariq Mukhtar and Muhammad Saeed
...l Jamak suffered less damage and suppressed nematode infection considerably and therefore, recommended for cultivation in root-knot nematode infested fields to abate yield losses and repress the nematode from further multiplication. 
...
Zakirullah1, Hamayun Khan1, Ali Gohar2, Haq Amanullah1,*, Muhammad Younas1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Saleem Khan4, Ibrar Muhammad Khan1 and Noushad Khan5 
... 10 min. followed by storage at -196°C for assessment. Progressive motility and viability of spermatozoa were significantly higher in 1.5 mM and 1.0 mM L-cysteine supplemented groups in comparison with 0.5 mM or 0 mM. The number of supra-vital hypo-osmotic swelling test positive spermatozoa at 1.5 mM and 1.0 mM was greater in comparison with lower concentration of 0.5 or 0 mM L-cysteine. Furthermore, significant improvement for acrosomal integrity was reco...

Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro

...uires some proficient management and immediate steps to conserve this fishery resource for future generations.
...
De-Yong Zhang1, Xiao-Lu Xu1,*, Qin Ruan2, Xiu-Ying Shen3 and Yin Lu1
...strated with a serial dosage of PFOS for 90 days for testicular observation and spermatogenesis evaluation. PFOS ≥ 11 mg/kg (accumulative dosage) resulted in visible histopathological changing in testis, including disorder and vacuolization of spermatogenic cells. Changed testicular organ coefficient (for dosage ≥ 55 mg/kg), decreased sperm concentration (for 110 mg/kg dos
Kun Wang1,2, Yinglin Cui2, Xu Zhao2 and Changjiang Hu1*
...eat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in China with good therapeutic effect. As very little is known about the mechanism of action of XN, the purpose of this project was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of XN on ICH model rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this therapy. In this study, experimental ICH was induced by the administration of stereotaxic collagenase type VII into the caudate nucleus. XN (at a ...
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
...e causing significant damage to crops, around the globe. To avoid ecological pollution caused by the use of pesticides to control locusts, alternative methods such as photo-induced traps are elusive. In this report we investigated locusts visual sensitivity to different spectral lights after orange light stimulation. Results showed that after 10, 20, and 40 min of 1000 lx post-orange light stimulation, locusts visual response intensity was stimulated by green,...
Muhammad Saeed1,2,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Malik Abdul Rehman3
...d to devise effective management strategies. In the present study, seasonal fluctuations in the population densities of T. semipenetrans were studied in two citrus orchards naturally infested with citrus nematode during the year 2014. The effect of soil temperature was also evaluated on the populations of the nematode. The nematode populations differed significantly at both the soil depths. The populations were significantly higher at a depth of 30 cm a...

Obaidul Islam*, Shameema Khatun and Mustasim Famous 

...n the basis of location, age, breed and sex. Among the clinical cases infectious diseases occupied the highest prevalence in CVASU (62.85%), CVH (61.53%) and DVH (61.53%). Prevalence of difference in clinical diseases was not significant (P>0.05). In case of parasitic diseases, the highest prevalence was observed in DVH (34.61%) and lowest in CVASU (28.57%). The prevalence of nutritional diseases was lower than in other clinical conditions. The highest prev...

Zeshan Siraj1*, Amjad Farooq1 and Zahid Mehmood2 

...elative humidity and average rainfall in all consecutive years 2011-2013. Data revealed that jassids population had a positive non-significant correlation with minimum temperature and minimum relative humidity in 2011 and 2013. A positive association of jassids with maximum temperature was observed in 2012-2013 whereas it was negatively correlated in 2011. Jassids infestation was negatively associated with average rain fall ...
Sikander Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Muhammad Jawad Saleem2, Kanwal Hanif2 and Saira Azmat3
...ed in integrated pest management strategies to control mustard aphid as alternatives to each other with the aim of evasion from development of resistance against these insecticides in mustard aphid.
...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...d sugar beet pulp percentage in rations, with significant differences in D2, D3 and D4. Content of NDF was significantly higher in all experimental groups when compared with control group, whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates content decreased in all groups as the effect of corn grains replacement by dried sugar beet pulp. Complete substitution of yellow corn by sugar dried beet pulp in D4 significantly increased number of bacteria. D3 and D4 diets resulted in hi...

Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar* 

...A combination of multi-stage sampling and simple random sampling used to select five Union Councils (UCs), one village council from each UC and one village from each village council. Out of 611 households (HHs), 180 head/elders selected through random sampling process were interviewed. The secondary data, spread over 30 years from 1984 to 2013 pertaining...

Sanaullah and Urooba Pervaiz* 

...1.3% respondents were in age group between 25-35 years. Yield, income, plant spacing, seed rate, irrigation interval, and use of pesticide before and after training were computed with the help of paired sample t-test. Results revealed that in maize there is a significant decrease for seed rate (-11.6743 kg/acre) and irrigation interval (-16.03 days) after training, while significant increase in mean difference was recorded for row-to-row distance (38.7 cm), pl...
Joyce Osarogie Odigie*
...eing applied in river management by freshwater ecologists. Obueniyomo River is the main water supply channel for the inhabitants of Agemokpa village in Ovia East Local Government Area of Edo State, as they are fully dependent on it for agricultural and domestic use, bringing its ecological integrity to question. These anthropogenic effects result in the deteriorating quality of the water, ...

 Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Murtaza1, Sufyan Ullah Khan2 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

... study employed a multistage stage sampling technique for choosing the sample size. The data was collected from 200 respondents using a well–designed interview schedule. Cobb-Douglas type production function was modelled to estimated allocative efficiencies of individual inputs used in maize production. The estimated allocative efficiencies of Urea and DAP were 3.24 and 2.04, respectively. This implies that these input...

Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Ejaz Ahraf3, Zahoor Hussain4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1 and Maryam Riaz1 

...uantify the leaf area damage of eight citrus cultivars caused by mining activity of CLM during summer 2016. The total leaf area and mine area per leaf were calculated by the image analysis method using Sigma Scan Pro 5.0 software. The results of the present study showed that CLM generated larger mines; 1.64 cm2 on Grapefruit, 1.44 cm2 on Kinnow and 1.40 cm2 on Succari compared to other five cultivars. However, the percent le...
Chen-Yu Sun, Wen-Chao Liu*, Mei Xiao, Zhi-Hui Zhao and Li-Long An*
...ang chickens with an average initial BW of 44.52 ± 1.07 g were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 6 replicate cages, with 15 birds per replicate. The 4 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets and supplemented with 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg betaine, respectively. During d 1-14, with increasing the dietary betaine levels from 0 to 2000 mg/kg, the BWG was improved (quad...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1 

...s. We downloaded three images of each year (2008-2018) from Geological Survey of United States and applied geometric corrections. All the spectral wavelengths were transformed to Top of Atmosphere reflectance and processed the bands in infrared and red wavelengths to generate Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets. The annual NDVI and RVI based rice yields were compared with CRS based yield records by applying l...
Muhammad Saleem Hanif1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1,*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan2, Irfan4, Hamid Majeed5, Muhammad Altaf3
...s were of 20 -55 year of age having maximum family size of 7-10 individuals. Illiterate fishermen were recorded to be 50 and 40 % at head Punjnad and Taunsa, respectively. Fishermen maximum yearly income at both study sites were in the range of 70,000 - 80,000 PKR (Pakistan rupees). The study had confirmed most of the fishermen were living in poor conditions which accounts 60 and 80 % of head Punjnad and Taunsa, respectively. However, most of them were depende...

Sajjad Ali1, Atta-ur-Rahman1 and Sher Ali2* 

... 1985 and 2015 Landsat images. Secondly, four sample union councils were targeted for medium level analysis. Thirdly, seven sample villages are targeted for micro level. The Landsat images of 1985 and 2015 are obtained from the open source Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF). The analysis revealed that the cultivated area was 146 square kilometer in 1985. It was observed that the cultivated ...

Muhammad Ilyas* and Fida Mohammad 

...ght and grain yield. Averaged over eight environments, wheat RIL’s 44, 55, and 25 were desirable for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling duration, grain growth rate, grains spike-1 and grain yield. Mean grain yield ranged from 1613 to 2471 kg ha-1 across environments. Among the tested environments, Sarai Naurang (E3 and E7) was identified as highly productive environment. The RIL25 had superior performance for various traits. Wheat RIL25 pro...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...em were over 40 years of age. Battagram district had the highest prevalence (24.2%) because of the lack of awareness about the disease, while Torghar exhibited the lowest prevalence (12.4%). The sociodemographic factors were analyzed one by one to assess their association with the disease. Smoking having OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.07-2.02 and P=0.0173 as well as a high level of stress having OR=1.27, 95%Cl=2.16-4.22 and P<0.0001were found more allied with the disease...

Wajid Khan* and Raziuddin 

...stan is facing huge shortage of edible oils and its imports cost nearly 3 billion US dollars each year to feed 220 million people. This situation demands serious efforts to develop new lines/ hybrids with better yields. Rapeseed is the second largest contributor in domestic edible oil industry. Keeping in view the lower yield of rapeseed in Pakistan especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa this study was conducted to investigate genetic variability and heterosis in ei...

Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi 

...w the feeding system, management practice, problems and prospects of turkey farming in different turkey farms of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 6 turkey farms under the Sylhet region. The observation was taken of status of farmers, source of technical support, the turkey flock size (according to age variation), feed intake, housing system, feeding system, quantity of feed supplied to each turkey/day,...

Masood Ahmad* and Abdur Rab 

...(3rd, 5th and 7th leaf stages). The findings showed that maximum leaf area (43.21 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (58.275 SPAD), size and weight of daughter corms (7.10 cm and 61.52 g) and highest calcium content (0.567%) in daughter corms were recorded in gladiolus plants sprayed with 200 mM calcium. Results pertaining to foliar application time showed that maximum leaf area (38.92 cm2), maximum calcium content in leaf and daughter corm (0.971% and 0.442%) wer...

Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4 

... yield. Conservation tillage system is successfully practiced worldwide as a resource conserving techniques. Therefore, an experiment was conducted under the treatments, i.e. conventional tillage (CT), Zero tillage (ZT) and Chisel plough (CP) during the year 2016 at the field research area of Balochistan Agriculture College, Quetta. The study was designed to compare conventional versus con...

Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi1*, Ibtasam Riaz2, Syed Muneeb Haider2, Arfan Ahmed Gilal3, Anjum Shehzad4, Ahmed Zia4 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti4
 

...ta on various immature stages of M. minor. Moreover, both the species showed relatively more preference on eggs of P. minor than nymphs. Therefore, both the species can be exploited in field conditions against P. minor to keep its populations below threshold level. 

...
Zijuan Li1,2, Rong Ma2, Muhammad Khan3*, Chenchen Liu2, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*
...s a promising anticancer agent which could be developed into lead for osteosarcoma treatment as a single agent or in combination with CDDP.
...
Abdul Waheed1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Junaid Akhtar4, Muhammad Saeed5, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed6 and Shah Jahan7,*
...6%), Broncho-alveolar lavage (2%), fluid (1%) and from tips (1%). The isolated organisms were Escherichia coli (n=60), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=20), Enterobacter cloaca (n=09), Enterobacter aerogenes (n=02), Proteus mirabilis (n=05), Proteus vulgaris (n=02) and Citrobacter freundii (n=02). Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) production was screened by double disc synergy test (DDST...
Fiza Asif1,*, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nasra Ashraf1, Nuzhat Shafi1, Abdul Rauf1, Khizra Bano1, Muhammad Razzaq2 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar2
... ecology and wildlife management. Present study was designed to determine the diet composition of Kashmir grey langur in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan during summer 2015 and winter 2015-16 from fecal material using microhistological technique. Sixty fecal samples were collected from the study area during summer 2015 and winter 2015-16, i.e. thirty samples during each season. These samples were analyzed for the determination of...

Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2 

...stics, topography and management strategies. Water, even may be saline, is becoming more precious natural resource. Hence, there should be more crops and jobs per drop while conserving the quality of present terrestrial and groundwater. Saline water has been used for production of fodder and forages in many countries. Managing soil and water salinity under prevailing conditions of Pakistan is very important subject. Use of b...

Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam

...ve been undertaken to manage agricultural risk from the field perspective. However, less attention has been paid to examine the influence of subjective norms on ICT usage among farmers for the management of agricultural risk in Malaysia. Therefore, the present study was designed to meet the objective. The research data were collected through a field survey in which 360 farmers were intervi...
Muhammad Khalid Rafique1, Rashid Mahmood1,*, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1,Imran Bodlah2 andFarid AsifShaheen2
... as calculated by percentage of secluded queen cells vs. grafted larvae over the study interlude. The highest larval acceptance 80.85 ± 0.64 and 81.25 ± 2.05 was observed by addition of royal jelly in March and April and lowest 42.05 ± 0.69 and 48.21 ± 2.02. The shortest pre oviposition period by addition of royal jelly in March and highest was by addition of distilled water droplet during March and April. The length of queen cell w...
Uzma Rafi*, Asmat, Muqaddes Niaz, Syeda Shazia Bokhari and Aisha Waheed Qurashi*
...captured from house sewerage and two bacterial strains CXA1 (Planomicrobium chinense) and IM2 (Alkaligenes faecalis) were isolated from external surface and rectum portion of cockroach, respectively. Bacterial autoaggregation started increasing after 1 h of culture incubation and reached maximum after 4 h. Isolate CXA1 showed maximum (136 %) auto aggregation as compared to isolate IM2 (37 %) after 4 h. However, biofilm formation in the isolate IM...
Irfan Irshad1, Asim Aslam1,*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Kamran Ashraf2, Beenish Zahid3 and Abdul Wajid4
...east group-B and sub-lineage B2. The two strains classified as LPAIV in poultry based on amino acid sequence at the proteolytic cleavage-site of the HA gene with PAKSSR/G. Our findings highlight the potential risk of ND and AI in poultry and continued active surveillance is needed to monitor the transmission of these viruses. 
...
Lin Qi, Lu Li, Danyang Chen, Mingxiao Liu, Yan Wu and Wei Hu*
...er of each antibacterial agent was measured to determine its antibacterial ability. The molecular mass and purity of this polypeptide was 18.970kDa and 90%. Amino acid sequence analyses indicated that the N-terminal amino-acid sequence of this monomeric peptide was AAQSLLACGAARLYKIIQQWPHYRR. The results showed that under the effect of various bacteriostatic agents, Enterobacter aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis,
Min Li1,2, Jingjing Wang3, Suxian Hu3, Philip Stott4, Baoqing Lin5, Lianshan Li5, Hui Liu1, Heng Bao1, Duoying Cui6 and Guangshun Jiang1,* 
...ence of the avian assemblage on alkaline marshes and open water, which in turn might depend on incoming flows of water. We also found negative relationship between human settlements and bird diversity which extended to a distance of 3 km. Consequently, we provide evidence of significant scale dependence on landscape structure of wetland bird diversity. Therefore, scalar effects of different habitat variables need to be taken into account when managing wetland ...
Jinfeng Liu1,2, Yanhong Cao3, Tong Feng1, Laiba Shafique1, Chan Luo1, Peng Zhu1,4,* and Qingyou Liu1,*
... enhanced until morula stage but it fell sharply at blastula stage. Immunohistochemistry exhibited BMP15 protein was located in germ cells of testis, in primordial granulosa cells, primary, secondary, and antral follicles of ovary, and none in theca cells. The more conspicuous reaction for BMP15 was observed in germ cells than cumulus cells and granulosa cells, particularly in primordial germ cells of genital r...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...herefore, control and management of RPW have gained the attention of government as well as private concerns. In this study, the toxicity of acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor on RPW was evaluated under laboratory conditions. RPW (larvae and adult) showed high susceptibility to both acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor. In addition, both insecticides had significant effect on the mortality of RPW (larvae and adult) except the pupal stage und...
Shanshan Cai1, Tianxiang Gao2, Binlun Yan3, Aiyi Zhu1 and Xiumei Zhang1,2,*
... Province in 2014. Parentage determination between broodstock and recaptured individuals was implemented by using mitochondrial control region fragments and three microsatellite markers. When using mtDNA loci, 242 individuals (44.24%) were excluded for no shared haplotype with broodstock. Further 81 (14.81%) crabs were identified as hatchery-reared individuals based on microsatellite loci from the remaining 305 crabs. Our results also showed high genetic diver...
Muhammad Waseem1, Ahmed Raza1, Hamera Aisha1, Muhammad Naeem Awan1, Tariq Ahmad2, Rabia Nazir2 and Tariq Mahmood2,*
... located outside the villages (63% respondents). Nomads, semi-settled people at different locations in the Potohar Plateau are actively involved in pangolin trade and poaching. Approximately 275 pangolins were poached at 46 different locations during 2013-2018, with the highest number of killings recorded from Chakwal District (131 pangolins at 14 sites). The pangolin dealers operating in major cities of Pakistan (Rawalpindi, Lahore and Karachi) prefer pangoli...
Sabbah M. Allam, T.M. El-Bedawy, M.H. Bakr and A.E.M. Mahmoud*
...lusmn;50 kg, with an average of 20 kg daily milk yield, were randomly divided into four groups (ten in each group). Animals were fed rations containing DOP at 0, 25, 50 and 75% substitution of yellow corn grains (R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively). Digestion trail was conducted in the last week of the experiment using Acid Insoluble Ash method. Feces samples were taken and analyzed in the same day for Salmonella spp. and E. coli and blood samples f...
Abdulkareem Mohamed Matar1, Moez Ayadi1,2, Hassen Mohamed Sbihi3*, Imeddine Arbi Nehdi3, Mutassim Mohammad Abdelrahman1 and Riyadh Saleh Aljumaah1
...t diets. Milk fat percentage was higher in the milk of ewes fed TF (5.47%), CF1 (4.95%), or CF2 (6.40%); however, milk protein percentage was higher in the milk of ewes fed CF1 (4.29%) and CF3 (4.64%) compared to TF (3.78%) and CF2 (3.57%). Total (C12:0 + C14:0 + C16:0) saturated fatty acids were significantly lower in milk fat from ewes fed TF (45.67%) and CF1
Rais Ahmed1,2,*, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor1,2, Iftikhar Hussain1, Muhammad Saqib3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Amjad Islam Aqib5, Haleema Sadia6, Javed Muhammad7, Asma Irshad8, Kashif Prince5, Muhammad Zain Saleem9 and Abdul Whab Manzoor10
...es, gender, body weight, age and body condition score (BCS) with prevalence of antibodies against MAP. Seropositivity against MAP was significantly (P<0.05) detected. Male and female animals were equally susceptible to the disease (OR: 0.908, 95% CI= 0.6111-1.350). Age groups were not found associated with chances of being seropositive. Seropositivity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals under 300kg body weight...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
...g for some antimicrobial agents or synergizing the antimicrobial action, when used in combination. 
...
Ihsanullah*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Sohail Akhtar and Syed Muhammad Suhail
...vel in calving interval, age at first calving, postpartum ovulation interval and dry period. Calving interval, postpartum ovulation interval and dry period were significantly longer in the spring season while age at first calving was significantly longer in autumn. Significantly high milk production was found in HF 50%. Peak daily milk yield and lactation length were significantly higher in autumn and spring respectively. An...

 Li-na Li1, Sheng Li2, Ping Gui3, Jing-hui Li1, Fen Ai4,* and Li-li Cai1,*

...feration and reduced collagen deposition as measured by CCK-8 assay, Sircol assay, qPCR and western blot. MSCCM also reduced the expression of the pro-fibrotic TGF-β1 and increased the expression of anti-fibrotic IFN-γ at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we found that MSCCM inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway induced by irradiation as well. Our data suggest that MSCCM could reduce irradiation-induced TGF-β1 produ...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
...mucous secretion, hemorrhage, color change, slow down swimming, lake of balance, restlessness, swimming side-wise, retardation of opercular movement and quick sudden movements. The fish was anesthetized and liver were removed after 48 and 96 hours for histopathologicalstudies. The histopathological changes observed in liver were degeneration of hemopoietic tissue, destruction of hepatocytes, degeneration of bile duct, inflammatory infiltration, vacuolization, ...
Naveed Ahmed1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Sohail Aslam1, Muhammad Adil Younis2, Seemab Ali1, Nadia Khan1 and Madiha Bashir1
...2018. There were two cabbage cultivars (Asha and Red) and four concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm). Experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data showed a significant difference among most of the growth parameters. Maximum head weight (2306.7 g), stem length (42.66 cm), number of leaves plant-1(15.73cm), root length (27.53 cm), yield (55.63 t/ha) was recorded f...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...egg masses, and second-stage juveniles (J2) and rate of nematode reproduction (Pf/Pi) and improving plant growth factors. 
...
Ambreen Leghari1,2, Asghar Ali Kamboh2,*, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Faiz Muhammad Khand1, Kanwar Kumar Malhi2,3, Iqra Bano Chandio4, Seema Baloch5 and Jan Mohammad Shah4
...s observed for 5-8 years age than > 8 years, in non-pregnant animals than pregnant and in 2-4 and >4 parities than 1 parity. However, in Tando Allahyar district, rapid test declared a significantly higher prevalence (P< 0.05) in female than male cattle, in 5-8 years age than > 8 years, in non-pregnant than pregnant, having 2-4 liters/d milk production than more than 4 liters/d, and in late st
Qudsia Yousafi1*, Muhammad Aslam2 andShahzad Saleem1
... plants per plot and averaged per leaf. Numbers of ladybeetles were recorded from the whole plant by sampling three plants per plot. Seasonal mean number of aphids per leaf was at the maximum on the variety Black Beauty and lowest on Nirala, during the 2013-14 growing season. During the 2014-15season the maximum number of aphids per leaf was recorded on the variety Round Black and lowest on Nirala. When sampling dates were compared, the highest and lowest aphi...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Fazal Maula2 and Sardar Hussain1
...by increase with the passage of time and reached to peak till week 4th (5th May). Then, the population of aphids started declining and lowest population was observed in week 8th (2nd June). Data regarding the natural enemies revealed that, the population of natural enemies was low at the beginning, increased till week 4th (5th May) where highest population was recorded. Afterwards declined trend...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
...at ripening and curing stage of fruits. Covering fruit bunches with bags were also not productive and profitable; therefore, the growers switched to solar tunnel drying but couldn’t get the required results. The protocols of using solar tunnels needed fine-tuning of temperature and relative air humidity, which affect fruit quality. During dates’ drying process high temperature and low humidity is required. This research was conducted at Arid Zone R...
Muhammad Ramzan1, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1*, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Faisal Manzoor1
...in month of May, early stage of crop. The study resulted that weather parameters like temperature, humidity and rainfall play significant role in fluctuation of natural enemies.
...
Mubasshir Sohail1,2,*, Raza Muhammad1 and Qadeer Ahmed Soomro1
...le in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for many crop pests. The influence of different prey types has been studied to strengthen the C. carnea. Current in-vitro study was made to figure out the effects of different prey on mortality and certain biological characteristics of C. carnea. The highest mortality rate (66.43±2.13%) was for larvae, which fed upon Oleander aphid, Aphis nerii. Less larval mortality (7.86&plu...

Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2*, Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Olayinka Olaitan Titilola3 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3 

...sequently, they were passaged in HEp-2 cell line. All isolates were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, three (5l-UTR, VP1 and EV Species C [EV-C]) different PCR assays and sequencing of amplicons. EVs were further subjected to [‘]Illumina sequencing. All CCS were negative for EAVs and GARVs. Four CCS produced R-CPE in HEp-2 cell line, three of which were positive for the 5l-UTR assay. Of the three isolates, two and none were positive for the VP...

Shaikh Abdul Lateef, Zhou Lin, Wu Jian, Junjie Qian and Zheng Shusen* 

...ts are required to be managed to avoid any additional infection that could come from surgical procedures or through unhygienic conditions. In this case report, we demonstrate the management, care and complication of liver transplantation in patients with pre-established hepatitis B infections. Information gained through this study would be helpful to have better management and life style i...
Himanshu Mishra, Vikas Kumar and Ashish Kumar*
...y and middle wintering stage. While in late winter, the emergent vegetation was the most utilized habitat. The findings of the present study provide the baseline information about the population of migratory birds and the rate of habitat utilization at the Bakhira bird sanctuary. 
...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Umar Mumtaz1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Abdul Naveed4
...mly selected and two villages per union council were randomly selected. The list of potential old aged farmers those were not active in farming system (above the age of 60 years) was prepared with the help of Field Staff of the Extension Department of district Sargodha. Finally, 425 potential respondents were identified from which sample of 120 respondents was randomly selected. The data w...

Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Rashid Mahmood2, Ziyad Abdul Qadir2, Muhammad Arshad1 and Mubasshir Sohail3 

...ere best compounds to manage Varroa mites at 200 ppm concentration. Percent mortality of Varroa mites was 59.2% and 58.3%, respectively after 72 hrs. When selected essential oils with different concentrations were applied against Varroa, no mortality of bees was observed. Neem oil gave (90%) significant control at 400 ppm concentration. There was no significant mortality observed in winter green oil. So, the neem oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon oil can be used a...

Sameera Arshad1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik2 and Iftikhar Hussain3 

...revealed that annual average number of bird strikes were 26.62±2.11. Birds of prey mainly, Pariah Kites (Milvas migrans) were reported to be involved in 72% of the strikes. Seasonal variation in bird strikes revealed that most of the bird strikes occurred during the period (July-October), then in (March-June) and least during the winter period (November-February).Relationship between meteorological and bird strike data suggested that there was a signifi...
Tasleem Akhtar1,2,Ghazanfar Ali1,*, Nuzhat Shafi2 and Abdul Rauf2
... gene sequences. The average nucleotide length of 16S rRNA in 45 samples ranged from 1527 to 1552 bps. Five haplotypes (h) were observed, with haplotype diversity (Hd) 0.5323±0.080. Among 5 haplotypes, 2, 2 and 1 haplotype were detected in S. plagiostomus, S. niger and S. esocinus, respectively. Haplotype diversity was lowest and same in S. esocinus, S. niger and S. progastus (0.0001) and highest in S. plagiostomus (0....
Qi Ren, Shufeng Sun, Chen Niu, Yuhong Li, Yingzhi Chong, Biao Li, Guoying Zheng and Fumin Feng*

 

...ay cause liver tissue damage. At present, few studies on CYP1A1 methylation and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury are available. Studying the relationship between CpG island methylation in the CYP1A1 promoter region and drug-induced liver injury is, therefore, of great importance. Anti-tuberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity in HL-7702 cells was investigated. Dehydrogenase activity was detected by a lactate dehydrogenase assay kit; superoxide dismu...
Lin Sun1, Xiaofang Bu2, Jian Wang1*, Xiaorui Liu1 and Zhanyi Kong2
...e gradually from acute stage to recovery stage. CXCL8 and its mRNA levels in peripheral blood of the sick children were all significantly decreased comparing with those in the acute stage (P<0.05). Further analysis showed that CXCL8 and its mRNA had a significant correlation in the acute phase, and it was related to the severity of the disease and the course of the disease. The c...
Taimoor Khalid*, Asad Ullah and Mussawar Shah
... illegality in forest management (independent variable) and forest governance (dependent variable) were measured on three level likert scale. Chi-square test was applied to test the association between the study variables. The results show that poor forest governance had highly significant association with people cut trees by legal permits (P=0.000), due to illegal forest use the environmental services are greatly reduced (P=0.000), people are illegally occupy...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
...ced by different land-management practices and land-use types and these edaphic arthropod communities can provide valuable information about the prevailing status of soil quality. The present study was aimed to evaluate the population abundance and diversity of edaphic arthropod groups in different land-use types and categories in different localities of District Sargodha (Punjab, Pakistan). Moreover, the quality status of soils under these land-use types or c...
Yating Cheng1, Wenlong Shi1, Xue Xiao2, Qirong Zhang2, Qihao Zhang1, Zhijian Su1, Qi Xiang1,2* and Yadong Huang1,2
...>

 

...
Po Bunnika, Khalid Khan and Guo Xiangyu*
...irm that cooperatives managers should give greater importance to the effective use of capital and labor by increasing agricultural output.
...
Hande Kucukonder1, Pinar Celebi Demirarslan1*, Sezai Alkan2 and Özgür Baris Bırgul3
...meters (inflection point age, weight and growth rate) of growth functions. Analyses showed that the growth profiles of female and male chicks found not to be parallel using profile analysis, and the male chicks had a higher body weight than the females (P < 0.01) starting from 14-21st days until the end of experiment. For this reason, the prediction models were created separately and compared by MAPE (%) and accuracy rate (ρ) criteria ...
Muhammad Nisar* and Muhammad Idress
...egligence in development agendas. Home gardening data provide complete agricultural input in a nation’s domestic treasure. Therefore, the current study was carried out with the objective to assess small farmers’ involvement in home gardening at district Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa- Pakistan. Three hundred and twenty (320) small farmers were selected randomly on the basis of their involvement in home gardening via a pre-tested close ended interview sch...
Wiqar Ahmad1*, Farmanullah Khan2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2
... aimed to investigate management strategies for rehabilitation of soil quality and crops productivity on eroded agricultural land. The research was conducted with three cropping patterns viz wheat after maize, lentil after maize and wheat-lentil intercrop after maize in main plots and four fertilizer treatments viz the control, farmer’s practice (FP) (N:P2O5 @ 60:45 and 15:30 kg ha-1 for cereals and lentils), recommended ...
Muhammad Qasim1*, Said Qasim2, Muhammad Naeem1, Amir Nawaz Khan3 and Shahid Iqbal4
...l fishers, through two stage cluster sampling. Livelihoods asset pentagons were used for the analysis. Considerable decline in physical and economic assets were noted among all the three types of fishers, whereas the total value of livelihood assets for farming fishers deteriorated from 0.40 in 2001 to 0.33 in 2016. The study recommends that concerned authorities should take initiative to create awareness regarding conservation of fishes and observe strict imp...
Tahsin Razzaq*, Muhammad Fareed Khan and Shahid Iqbal Awan
...ed at four to six leaf stages. Thirty genotypes were screened in first field trail in June 2016. Genotypes had significant differences for NCLB severity and reactions and were classified into resistant, susceptible and moderate categories on the basis of 0-5 disease severity scale. The percent disease incidence ranged from 20-60% and area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) 22-362dsu (Development stage unit). On the basi...
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Tahira Sadaf1*, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal1 and Raza Ullah1
...ve and competitive advantage in production of top three fruits, namely mango, citrus and dates by using Revealed Comparative Advantage, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage, Relative Export Advantage Index and Log of Relative Export Advantage Index. For this purpose, time series data has been collected for the peri...
Shou-Hong Zhang1*, Ying Zhang1, Kun-Ming Wen2, Wei Wu3 and Wen-Yan Li3
...ared with the fibrosis stage. The total fibrous tissue in the liver of rats treated with HGF was lower than that in control group. The time-signal intensity curve (TIC) peak of liver parenchyma of rats with hepatic fibrosis was characterized by a slow wash-in –out. A correlation was found between the perfusion parameters and the stage of fibrosis. As the stage of fibrosis increased, ...
Beenish Zahid*1,2,7, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Amir Zohaib2, Asim Aslam3, Raheela Akhter3, Haleema Sadia4, Qurat ul Ain5, Razia Sultana6, Irfan Irshad3 and Sobia Alyas7
... from different villages of four tahsils of Sheikhupura during period (May to July 2017). NDV was isolated from field samples by inoculating the suspected samples into embryonated eggs of 9-11 days. Isolated virus was confirmed through haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition test. Virus isolation rate of NDV from cloacal swab was 12% (6/50) and from oropharygeal swab was 8% (4/50). The 238-bp region of F gene of NDV was amplified by using ...

Asma Hassan*, Zuhair Hasnain, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhmmad Ansar, Muhmmad Rasheed, Ajaz Ahmad, Lubna Ayub Durani and Muhmmad Bilal Ali 

...rops and appropriate tillage systems are economically valuable for former depends on sufficient nutrient supply and satisfactory soil and climatic conditions. Moldboard plough (MP) (control), tine Cultivator (TC) and minimum tillage (MT) as main treatment, Crops sequence as subplot included were fallow–wheat (Triticum aestivum), (FW, control), mungbean (Vigna radiata)–wheat (MW), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)–w...

Muhammad Khuram Razzaq1,2*, Saeed Rauf1, Mohsin Khurshid3, Shahid Iqbal1,4, Javaid Akhter Bhat2, Ayaz Farzand5, Adeel Riaz1,6, Guangnan Xing2 and Junyi Gai

 

...esents the substantial stage in plants and fertile pollen are important for proficient plant reproduction. Abiotic stresses reduce the photosynthates production, thus genotypes also reduce the reserve mobilization for tapetum cells which induce the significant reduction in pollen fertility. Therefore, pollen fertility index can be exploited to discriminate resistant and susceptible genotypes under abiotic stresses. High heritability in the segregating generati...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Afzal1, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Saqib1, Asad Abdullah1, Saba Kousar1 and Maryam Riaz1 

...in an integrated pest management program. In the present study, water stress was applied to field grown cotton with two Bacillus thuringiensis transgenes (CIM-602 and CIM-599) and one non-transgenic genotype (CIM-554) for the performance of H. armigera feeding The difference in leaf injury, relative consumption and growth rate of H. armigera was detected among experimental factors and their interactions. The leaf injury caused by H. armigera was higher (38.5 c...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...sts and cause massive damage to agricultural crops, forest plantations, wooden infrastructures and other cellulosic products. Their control is usually done by the application of highly persistent synthetic insecticides which often cause different non-target effects such as environment contamination. This laboratory study evaluated the toxicity of methanolic extracts of eight flowers i.e. Mexican marigold (Tagetes lucida), Af...
Ahmad Ali1,2,* and Aleem Ahmed Khan1
...s). While the percentage use of quill, mice, dove, sparrow and myna has been calculated as 66.67%, 46.24%, 46.24%, 34.41% and 21.51%, respectively. Further it was observed that falcon trapping was a teamwork and each team used multiple techniques at the same time during capturing in the field.
...

Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Najam Ul Hassan1 and Imtiaz A. Qamar

...rass has improved the forage quality. Overall, these results has suggested that grass-legume mixtures can improve livestock and pasture productivity, sustainability and as well as to fix atmospheric nitrogen and this may improve soil N status also. These mixtures were also recommended for use in the semi-arid region of Pakistan as it would be beneficial economically. 

...

Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khalid Hussain1, Sohail Abbas2 and Ali Raza3 

...4 species of bio control agents. Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Agrotis Sp., Bemesia tabaci and Microtermes Spp. were major pests of gram and mungbean attracted in light traps. May, June and July were hottest months of the year with highest population captures of 2892, 2789 and 2475, respectively. Temperature had significant impact of 80.7 % on per unit population attraction (r=0.807). However, humidity had no significant impact (2.9 %) on per unit p...

Mazhar Habib1, Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Sarfraz Ahmed3 and Sameera Arshad4 

...akistan. Four clipping stages i.e. D1, D2, D3 and D4 (clipped after 20, 40, 60 and 80 days, respectively) were studied. The response variables were morphological characters (plant height, tiller density and herbage yield) of Blue panic grass. With the advance in maturity of clipping stages, plant height and no. of tillers in the grass increased (P<0.05). Herb

Ahmed Zia* 

... its male and immature stages. It is second species for the genus to be recorded from Pakistan. Distributional details along with important taxonomic characters and habitat information is discussed in detail to facilitate readers of this document. A key to the known species of Coeliccia from Pakistan is also provided. A need to conduct further surveys in whole hill belt is highly felt with a view to get more information especially for its male and naiads. ...

Wajid Shah Yousafzai1, Irfan Ullah1*, Amjad Ali1, Mahmood Iqbal2 and Salman Khan1 

...trict swat. Using multistage sampling technique cross sectional data was collected from 105 sample respondents in three villages (Aboha, Manyar and Parrai) of Tehsil Barikot, district Swat. Simple Linear Regression Model was employed to individual input contribution in total output. The concept of Marginal Value Products and Marginal Factor Cost was used to calculate Allocative Efficiency. Ordinary Least Square technique was...

Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2 

...ble use, should be encouraged to ensure timely water availability. 

...

Hina Fatima1*, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khurram Nawaz3 

.... In this study, the average technical efficiency of wheat farms on collective level was around 0.76. The mean technical efficiency of wheat after Non-BT and BT-cotton was 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. The result of the study revealed that those farmers cultivated the wheat crop after Non-BT cotton were technically more efficient compared to those who cultivated wheat after BT-cotton. The major factors that were found to be compliant for improved wheat product...

Arifa Khan1*, Shazia Erum2, Naveeda Riaz1, Abdul Ghafoor2 and Farhat Ali Khan3 

...of tubers per plant, average tuber weight per plant, tuber shape, skin, flesh color, number of eyes per tuber, sensory evaluation and proximate analysis. Results showed significant differences in all yields and phenotypic quality traits. High sprouting (100%) and plant height was observed in CIP8 (31.60 cm). CIP12 produced more number of tubers/plant (23.4 tubers) with low tuber weight while better average tuber weight was o...

Saad ud Din Khan1, Syed Rashid Ali1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2*

...ious sources. Moving Average Standard Deviation is used to measure the Exchange rate volatility and results confirm the long-run effect of exchange rate volatility on cotton production in Pakistan. For checking the stability of the parameters, cusum and cusumq tests are used and found structural break-through intercept at 1985. The variables, exchange rate volatility, and cotton production have a significant and negative relationship. It shows that the cotton ...

Jahangir Khan1*, Abbasullah Jan1, Kar Ho Lim2, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Aditya R Khanal2 and Ghaffar Ali1 

...re willing to pay on average rupees 26 more per kilogram of pesticides free fruits. Results from regression analysis showed that age of the household head and his awareness of pesticides use over fruits, household size and their total monthly income were significant determinants of their WTP. In addition, health concern and environment concern of pesticides use also influence the WTP. Findings from this study help in assessi...

Fazle Akbar and Sahib Alam* 

...er activity (aw) and storage time on total fungal and Fusarium counts and mycotoxins zearalenone (ZON), trichothecenes type-A (i.e. T-2 and HT-2) and trichothecenes type-B (i.e. DON, 3-ac DON, 15-ac DON) production in maize grains. Water activity of the grains was adjusted to 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95 aw and the samples were stored at 25°C for 45 days. The control samples were kept without any aw modification. At 15 days interval, the samples were analyzed for t...

Shahid Ali1*, Farhan1, Murtaza1, Neelum Andaleeb2 and Amjad Ali1 

...khwa, Pakistan. A four stage random sampling technique was used to collect data from 160 respondents. Stochastic frontier production (SFP) function was used to analyze the technical efficiency of wheat growers. The Maximum Likelihood estimates of the model-1 showed that seed quantity, urea, chemicals (Pesticides and weedicides), labor and tractor hours were statistically significant with the coefficients of -0.027, 0.090, 0.060, 0.223 and 0.056, respectively. ...
Hanif Ullah1, Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan2, Suleman3, Sawar Khan1,Salma Javed4, Abdul Qadeer1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood4
...month wise, gender wise, age wise and species wise. Thick and thin smear were prepared and examined under microscope. The data was statistically analysed in Microsoft excel. Out of 1750, 214 (12.2%) blood samples were found positive. The higher rate of infection was found under the age group of ten year (14.9%) and lowest rate of infection was found (9.30%) in the age group of 11-30 in fem...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sadia Batool2, Fatima Javed Butt2, Sundas Nasreen1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1
...nces in chemotherapeutic agents, various radiological techniques and bio-nanoparticles treatments (i.e., green synthesized metallic nanoparticles) attracted many researchers to conclude a novel cancer treatment strategy. Unluckily every strategy had some working limitations as a result of which cancer remained a catastrophe for humanity. The present review article devised the modern cancer treatment paradigm which proposed directions towards probiotics or biot...

Khaled Kaboudi* 

...ca were among the G1-lineage group. The presence of mammalian and human genetic markers were reported in several H9N2 strains, indicating possible risk for public health. Control of LPAI H9N2 subtype infection is currently based on biosecurity and the implementation of vaccination in some countries. Regional control strategy needs to be performed. Creation of regional surveillance network is highly recommended.  

...

Shwe Yee Win1, Lat Lat Htun1, Myint Myint Hmoon1, Hla Myet Chel1, Yu Nandi Thaw1, Nyein Chan Soe1, Htet Lin Oo3 and Saw Bawm2* 

...estinal parasites in village chickens from four Townships (Mawlamyine, Nyaung U, Zay Yar Thi Ri and Katha) of Myanmar from April to June 2019. A total of 200 faecal samples were randomly collected from village chickens. Centrifugal sugar floatation and sedimentation methods were carried out to detect the gastrointestinal parasites. The overall occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in village

Ankur Abrol, Madhumeet Singh, Akshay Sharma* and Pravesh Kumar 

... aspect in successful management of uterine torsion lies in the correct and efficient diagnosis which can mainly be achieved by anamnesis, vaginal and rectal examination. However, prognosis of uterine torsion is mainly dependent on the degree and duration of condition and can be categorised into 3 successive stages i.e. stage of positive prognosis, stage...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Maria Altaf1, Zeemal Seemab Amin1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Anum Shahzadi1, Hina Mudasser1, Iqra Maqsood1, Nazia Gulshan1, Saira Naseem3
...issues and lead to cartilage degradation in RA patients.
...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
...nthesizing antimicrobial agents. In the present research work, four fungal strains Rhizopus stonolifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus were tested for the production of antimicrobial agents. The produced antimicrobial metabolites included Aflatrem, Monacolin K, Fusarubin and Tautomycetin. Different fermentation parameters were optimized to produce antimicrobial
Nadia Saeed1, Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muzafar Shah4*
...amounts were used for management and results showed that both were effective against phytonematodes. Value of P for the effect of Carbofuran in Mansehra and Abbottabad was 0.0001 and 0.0001 whereas for poultry manure it was 0.0001 and 0.0009 respectively.
...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Palwasha Jabeen, Chand Raza, Shaukat Ali
...luding skin, bone, cartilage and nerves. Sericin has been hailed to have antitumor activity and has also been widely used in different cosmetics. The major hindrance in using spider silk for different purposes is due to its small obtainable amount. Efforts are being made to overcome this problem by modern biotechnological techniques including of making transgenic organisms.
...
Haq Aman Ullah1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2, Aqeel Javeed3, Muqadder Shah1 and Ikramul Haq1
...ng Beetal goats of 3-4 y age, weighing 40.91±0.285, were randomly selected, and equally divided into four groups. Group A was kept as control while animals of groups B, C, and D were individually fed daily with 30µg, 40µg and 50µg of AFB1, respectively, through naturally contaminated cotton seed cake for a 10 days period. Milk samples were tested for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), somatic cel...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2, Mehboob ul Hassan3 and Lariab Zahra Faiz1
...tinued to post harvest stage. A properly scheduled ecofriendly approach was needed to control this infestation to prevent significant loss of maize production.

 

...
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...s probable antimicrobial agents of future. From screening of in house library of compounds, here we report the antimicrobial properties of three novel functionally substituted monocyclic and spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives involving ethyl-3 (allylamino)-9,9-dimethyl- 7,11-dioxo-1,5-diphenylspiro[5.5]undec-2-en-2-carboxylate (I), ethyl-4,6-diphenyl-2- dicyanomethylene cyclohex-3-ene 1-carboxylate (II) and ethyl-4-phenyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- dicyanomethylen...
Shahid Sherzada1,2,4,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan4, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Idrees3, Abdul Wajid2, Muhammad Nauman Sharif3, Muhammad Shahzad Iqbal3, Iram Amin3 and Muhammad Shahid3
...formatics tools. The average K2P conspecific, congenric and confamilial genetic distances were 0.22%, 6.71% and 12.33%, respectively. Findings of the present study revealed that DNA barcoding using COI gene is an efficient molecular technique for the exact identification of typical fish species.
...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
... in food, pharmaceutical agents, drinks, beautifying agents and numerous different items. So purpose of study was to determine the possible hepatic and nephrotoxic effects of Butyl paraben in mice and to explore the possible curative and protective impacts of turmeric. Fifty mice randomly divided in five groups, i.e. Control, dose group (BP), dose and antidote group (BP+AD), vehicle control group (VC) and antidote group (AD)...

Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi

...ducted to analyze the management practices and economic importance of the camels at district Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh during the year of 2017. A total of sixty camel herders were selected during the survey and interviewed using comprehensive Questionnaire. Survey indicated that the Sakrai breed is prominent in number followed by Dhatti, Larri/Sindhi. Camel herders were almost uneducated except small proportions that were primary passed. Among the land holde...

Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3 

...dition to better crop management is a way toward narrowing the yield gap and ensuring food security. The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of peach (Prunus persica L.) residues and soil application of Trichoderma (soft-rot fungi) along with seed inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas) and phosphorus (P) on weeds frequency, and biomass at various growth stages of soybean and it...

Sana Munir1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi1*, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad2, Ismat Nawaz3, Muhammad Shahzad Anjam4, Sumaira Rasul4 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar5 

...mponent analysis and linkage cluster analysis. Principle component analysis (PCA) exhibited that first four PC out of nineteen PC, with eigen value >1, contributed about 80.326 % of total variability. Positive contribution towards PC1 was given by seed traits such as lint/seed, seed weight/seed, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton/seed. In biplot analysis, intraspecific hybrids and their parents were present very close to each other while interspecific ...

Manzoor1*, Ahmad Khan1, Amir Sohail2, Shahzad Ali1, Fawad Ali Shah3, Junaid Iqbal3, Muhammad Owais Khan4 and Sultan Nawaz4 

... high sensitive growth stages (six leaves, twelve leaves, flowering and grain filling stages) and role of different planting methods (Ridge, Flat and Broadcast) in soil moisture conservation for maize crop. The research was carried out using RCBD with split plot arrangement having 4 replications at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during May 2017. Deficit Irrigations were allotted to main plots...
Qaisar Jamal*, Akram Shah, Syed Basit Rasheed and Muhammad Adnan
...or end, having as long flagella as one and a half to twice the body. The nectomonads changed to leptomonads with a ratio of 5% and 44% on day 2and 3 respectively. The body to flagellum ratio decreased in leptomonads giving a wider and shorter appearance than the nectomonads. On day 4, the log phase, the metacyclic promastigotes appeared in the culture. The metacyclic to leptomonad to nectomonad ratio was 27%, 43% and 29% res...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5, 

Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
...ype and fertility percentage) and production performance (birth weight, weaning weight of offspring and health of does). Eighty teddy does were randomly divided into two groups (n=40) viz T1 and T2 as control group and test group, respectively. Flushing ration 250 g and 500 g with crude protein 17.5 % and metabolizable energy 2.9 Mcal/kg was offered to does for one month prior and post breeding season (15 September-30 October). Does were ...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*,Mujahid Manzoor1, Zubair Aslamand  Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1, 2
...suitable tool for the management of insecticide resistance and control of R. ferruginous.
...

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar

...shifts in the annual average rainfall. However seasonal shifts are rather significant. In all the districts, spring and summer rains are showing an increasing trend whereas fall and winter rains are continuously declining. This shows that spring and summer are becoming wetter and fall and winter are becoming dryer till 2040. Nearly two-third or more of the total rains are received during spring and monsoon. In decadal scenario, it is likely that annual aver

Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4 

...es of the sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity. 

...

Ghulam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar1, Dilbar Hussain2, Khurum Zia3, Abdul Rashid4*, Hina Anwar5, Muhammad Azeem1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sabeen Asghar1 

...C exhibit minimum percentage of mortality is 22%,34%,48%, 72% and 76% after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively.
 

...
Qamar Zeb1*, Silvia I. Rondon2, Hayat Badshah,1 and Arsalan Khan1
...abi’ in local language) season. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment/cultivar. Population of aphids, and numbers of parasitoids and predators were recorded at weekly intervals. Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, and Sitobion avenae Fabricius were the predominant aphid species (Homoptera: Aphididae). Two species of parasitoids Aphidius ervi L...
Zübeyde Kumbıçak1,* and Hatice Poyraz2
...first meiotic division stages, 10 autosomal bivalents and generally one chiasma per bivalent (rarely two chiasmata) were obtained, the types of chiasmata were proximal, interstitial and terminal. In second meiotic division, two types of nuclei were showed as n=12 and n=10 chromosomes. Considering our results and previously obtained data in other ground spider species, the conventional staining provide important chromosome markers for karyotype evolution in gna...
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
...HBV. Among the different age groups, the highest number of incidences of HBV antibodies was found in the 16-25 age groups (7.01%). ICT positive samples were further screened by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the existence of active HBV-DNA. It was investigated that 5.7% (2382) of the total population (4758) tested was positive, among which the female 15.4% (367) possessed antibodies in their blood agains...
Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem* and Nadir Mustafa Nanakali
.../day, respectively by gavage dissolved in corn oil for 90 days. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed and their liver were removed for biochemical analysis including the level of oxidative stress biomarkers, liver enzymes, and the expression of CYP1A1 gene. The results of this study indicated that exposure to TCDD (10µg/kg/day) could significantly increase liver oxidative stress biomarkers and serum liver enzymes (p<0.05). While, pre...
Zekeriya Demir1 and Hatice Kaya2*
...mann layers, 28 weeks of age, were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments and fed a control diet (Pol-0), basal diet plus 0.5% (Pol-1), 1.0% (Pol-2) and 1.5% (Pol-3) bee pollen. The present study lasted for twelve weeks. During the experimental period, the hens were fed ad-libitum and water was available all the times. The hen house was lit for 17 h. The layers fed with diets including BP showed linear increases in final body weight and body weig...
Hüseyin Erdem* and Ibrahim Cihangir Okuyucu
...period length (DPL), average daily milk yield (ADMY), parity and calving season on some colostrum quality traits in Holstein cows. The material of the study consisted of 51 Holstein Friesian cows. The specific gravity of colostrum, fat, non-fat dry matter (NDM) and protein percentages were measured for colostrum produced at 2, 24, 48 and 72 h after birth. The specific gravity of colostrum (colostrum quality) was determined u...

Urooba Pervaiz1*, Madeeha Iqbal1 and Dawood Jan2 

...he present study. Multistage Sampling technique was used to select the required sample, 80 farmers were randomly selected from five villages and data were collected through interview schedule. It was found that majority farmers were literate up to middle; young farmers showed more positive attitude towards extension recommendations, 93% farmers knew extension workers both by name and face and also knew extension recommendati...

Waseem Abbas1, Shakeel-ur-Rehman2, Abdul Rashid2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Atiq2 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3* 

Hassnain1, Abdul Basit1*, Mehboob Alam1, Imran Ahmad1, Izhar Ullah1, Noor Alam2, Inayat Ullah3, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Muhammad Shair4 and Noor ul Ain1 

...interval had maximum average plant height (82.69 cm), average number of leaves (104.02), leaf area (81.47 cm2), chlorophyll content (71.31 SPAD), relative water content (67.27%), excided leaf water retention (68.24%), number of fruit plant-1(24.66), average fruit weight (73.718 g) and yield (37.50-ton ha-1). Similarly, foliar application of chitosan at 100 mg L-1 resulted maximum aver
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...icacy of these microbial agents could be enhanced by applying in combination with insecticides. Five concentrations i.e., 1×106, 1×107, 1×108, 2×108 and 3×108 conidia/ml of each isolate of entomopathogenic fungi were used in combination with insecticides against 5th instar nymphs of O. hyalinipennis. The combined treatment of isolates of entomopathogen...
Nazir Ahmad Khan1,*, Mudassir Alam1, Rafiullah khan1, Kamran Khan2 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3
...her (P < 0.05) percentages of nitrogen (51.4-53.9%) than the control diet (43.9%), suggesting higher amino acids availability from the QPM-based diets. The QPM300 diet had the highest (P < 0.05) net profit (70.2 PKR/bird) and the CM-based diet had the lowest (61.5 PKR/bird). The newly released QPM hybrids with higher protein and essential amino acids contents enhanced diet digestibility and broiler production efficiency and can be potentially exploited t...
Ammara Blouch1, Ata ul Mohsin2, Muhammad Naeem2 and Rashid Mahmood1*
...f used at early insect stage can help to control this pest. 
...

Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1 

...ply them on all growth stages of peach tree. Moreover, exposure to pesticides occur from skin absorption and through inhalation. This emphasizes on the launching of extension programs on pesticide alternatives. It is concluded that field workers in Swat Malakand, extensively uses pesticides and in spite of their awareness about pesticides effects their protective measures are very poor. The low level of awareness in the study area and the public health and env...

Fayyaz Hussain*, Raza Ullah Khan, Asim Hayat, Humair Ahmed and Ahmad Khan 

...ce at different growth stages.Phosphorus was applied in three interval i.e. at transplanting (0 DAT), 15 days after transplanting (15 DAT), and 25 days after transplanting (25 DAT), in addition to control (no P), and farmer fertilizer practice (FFP).Results show that mean paddy yield across both sites range from 2.972 to 4.334t ha-1, and maximum with P applied at 15 DAT, and contrarily the lowest with control treatment.Paddy yield increase over control was 37....
Hu Liu1,2, Qifang Yu1,2, Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Chengkun Fang1,2, Sijia Chen1,2 and Rejun Fang1,2,*
...ficant difference in average daily feed intake, and feed conversion rate (P < 0.05), but no difference in egg quality and laying rate (P > 0.05); 2) there was significant difference in serum GSH-Px and MDA (P < 0.05). No difference in SOD, CAT and T-AOC (P >0.05). Compared with basal diets, adding selenium lead to increase serum GSH-Px and decrease MDA; 3) there was significant difference on egg selenium content after feeding different sources and ...
Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad2, Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1, Mazhar Saeed Chaudry2, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4,*
...s of disease. Through mutagenic PCR, codon 12 was analysed by creating a single nucleotide mismatch at the 3′-end of primers to produce a BstNI recognition sequence at codon 12 while codon 13 was analysed by introducing HaeIII recognition sequence. By using RFLP and sequencing, point mutation substituting the glycine (GGC) to aspartic acid (GAC) was observed at codon 13. The p.G13D or cDNA.230G>A/ g.5590G>A is previously recogniz...

Asim Munawar1,2*, Farooq Ahmad1, Aqsa Arshad1, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Chengjuan Liang4 

...destructive pests of storages commodities worldwide. Unfortunately, due to multiple applications of synthetic pyrethroids and fumigants some major pests of stored grains has develops resistance against them. Resistance mechanisms in R. dominica and T. castaneum against these control agents at different geographical locations was largely unknown. To overcome this gap our research was undertaken to evaluate the resistance mech...
Muhammad Muneeb1, Muhammad Ayub1, Sher Bahadar Khan2,*, Amjad Sohail1, Farkhanda Jabeen1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Amjad Khan4, Kashif Prince3, Asghar Khan5 and Irshad Ahmad6
...luate the quality of cottage cheese available in different areas of Peshawar. The aim of the study was to assess the microbial, physiochemical and sensory characteristics of the selected cheeses. We found that cheese selected from Board bazar (40%) were maximally contaminated with Salmonella on MacConkey Agar and minimum were recorded in Tehkal Region (0%). On same Agar high percentage for Escherichia coli was ...
Sajida Rasool1, Saba Irshad1*, Neelam Saba1, Mehak Fiaz1Muhammad Sajid Hussain2, MuhammadWajid Hussain3 and Peter Nürnberg2

 

...eizures. Genome wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.204T>G) in BICD2 gene which was predicted to yield a truncated protein product (p. Glu68*). This is first nonsense mutation being reported causing HSP with complex clinical features and early onset. Further, functional exploration will be required for genotype phenotype correlation.
...

Muhammad Sohail1*, Imtiaz Hussain2, Maqsood Qamar2, Sikander Khan Tanveer2, Syed Haider Abbas2, Zeshan Ali1 and Muhammad Imtiaz3 

...ng reproductive growth stages. However, variability might exist among wheat genotypes in response to stressful conditions. The objective of the study was to test the climatic adaptability potential of the wheat genotypes using canopy temperature measurement as physiological indicator. The trial was comprised of forty spring wheat genotypes which were sown on normal and late planting dates to create variable growing environments under field conditions. Wheat ge...

Muhammad Akbar Ali Shah1, Gamze Özel2, Christophe Chesneau3, Muhammad Mohsin4, Farrukh Jamal5* and Muhammad Faheem Bhatti6 

...jab province) and 31 villages selected as samples randomly. Time series data collected from Crop Reporting Service (CRS) for the period of last 10 years (2005-2014) containing 516 cases and 14,964 observations. Two different multiple linear regression (MLR) models are applied to study the relationship between the yield of rice (dependent variable) and the various factors (independent variables) which are affecting the rice crop production. The Model I is based...

Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz 

...ength, bulb diameter, forage yield and total bulb yield. Results revealed that all the studied parameters were significantly improved with nitrogen application @ 80 and 100 kg ha-1 in ridge sowing. However, 80 kg N ha-1 in ridge sowing documented maximum economic benefit as compared to other treatments and is suggested as most cost-effective technique for turnip production under moderately salt-affected soils. 

...

Qaisar Mehmood1*, Maqbool Hussain Sial1, Saira Sharif1, Abid Hussain2, Muhammad Riaz3 and Nargis Shaheen4 

...ve Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for forecasting the production of fisheries, using Box-Jenkins’s (1976) methodology. Secondary data, “50 years of Pakistan: volume-iii (1947-1997)” published by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) and World Development Indicators World Bank (2016) from the year 1947- 2016 was used. After comparing all possible ARIMA model diagnostically, ARIMA (2, 1, 3) is the most parsimonious model with less foreca...

Muhammad Asim1*, Asghari Bano2, Sikander Khan Tanveer3 and Muhammad Umair Aslam

...nvironmental and crop management factors. In this study, we elaborated the role of these factors, in rainfed agro-ecology, using data of six genotypes, grown in four sowing windows over six years. The rainfed wheat productivity is predominantly determined by environmental conditions, particularly rainfall induced moisture availability. Hence, the best match between sowing time and the environment prevailed at that time emerged as an important yield determining...
Ibrahim Tapki1*, Huseyin Bahadir Ozalpaydin2, Nuran Tapki3, Mehmet Aslan4 and Muhammet Hanifi Selvi1
...oses of reducing weaning age; increasing economic efficiency; promoting calf growth as well as for improving blood parameters and general health status of Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty-eight Holstein Friesian calves were allocated into three groups: (a) Control calves were fed with whole milk (n=10), (b) OreganoLow (n=9), and (c) OreganoHigh (n=9) calves were fed with whole milk, plus 100 and 150 mg/l oregano essential oil per kg milk respectively. The amou...
Nihat Tekel1, Ilkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Sireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...re weaned at 2 months of age. They were fed with ad libitum concentrated feed and 100 g/day wheat straw was given to each animal during the fattening period of 64 days. During the fattening period, it was determined that daily live weight gains in lambs were 0.278±0.019 kg and feed conversion ratio were 4.79. The average final live weight, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, l...
Sameh S. Tawfik, Ahmed A. Elkady* and Ehab T. Mohamed
...issues showed minimum-damage with or without few degenerative changes. TSE acts as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug to prevent and/ or ameliorates the hazardous-effects of γ-rays
...

Naglaa M. Hagag1*, Mervat E. Hamdy1, Mary A. Sargious1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1, Nahed A. Ahmed1, Ayman A. Hamed1, Ahmed R. Habashi1, Essam I. Ibrahiem1, Mahmoud A. Abdel-Hakim2 and Momtaz A. Shahein

... 2012 (Topotype VII, lineage 3), with 92–93% amino acid identity, and were clearly separated from SAT2/GVII/Gharbia/Egy/2012 and SAT2/GVII/Alex/Egy/2012 (Topotype VII, lineage 2), indicating a new introduction of FMDV serotypeSAT2 in Egypt. Moreover, the high antigenic variation in FMDV is recognized as a major problem in vaccination. Because the vaccine strains should match those strains circulating in the field, an u...
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
...cows were grouped at the age of 18-19 months with a live weight of no less than 350 kg. Groups were constituted using the analogue-pairs method and consisted of 30 cattle/group. Observations during the present study showed that the average live weight of Hereford heifers of the second generation at the age 18-22 months was 378.5 and 375.2 kg which was 8.7 and 20.6 kg (2.2-5.4%) higher than...

Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1* 

... The mean CD4+ count and age were 479.12 ± 23.48 cells/µl and 48.56 ± 1.27 years, respectively. Only six samples out of ninety-three HIV-positive samples were positive to HBsAg while fifty-four samples (58.1%) were positive for HBcAb however, HBeAg marker was negative among all samples. Interestingly, the prevalence of the HBV infection was more in females (66.6%) compared to the male counterparts (33.3%) within the overall screening. In co...

Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1* 

... dendritic cells, macrophages and activation of T and B lymphocytes. Vitamin D modulates cytokine response and anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) production which boost innate immune response. Hypovitaminosis D is a significant risk factor for infectious and non-infectious diseases however its exact mechanism is still unknown, but low levels of vitamin D has been detected in different diseased cases. Recent investigations have reported various cells of body exhibi...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
...mogenous groups based on age and number of lactation. In diet of the two experimental groups were added 150 g and 300 g natural zeolite/head/day and we provided 0.28 mg selenium/kg feed dry matter, as opposed to the control group, which received 0.15 mg selenium/kg feed dry matter. The diets supplemented with natural zeolite based on clinoptilolite were administrated one month before parturition and continued for 16 other weeks. The zeolite consumption of 150 ...
Doulat Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Saleem Khan2 and Rifat Ullah Khan1*
...ccessful reproductive management of ruminants. We attempted to explore the effectiveness of a marketable ELISA test kit for assessment of Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs) in peripheral blood for early pregnancy identification in cattle, buffalo, goats and sheep. A total of 120 blood were taken from jugular vein of different breeds of cattle (Achai, Achai x Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Jersey), buffalo (Nilli Ravi, Aza Kheli and non-descript), goats (...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5

...39 females) individuals, aged between 1 and 12 years were studied. All the understudy participants were interviewed through questionnaire method. After taking written consent from each participant or guardian, 5 ml of blood was collected from each participant and brought to the working laboratory for HBV and HCV screening through ICT kit method. All ICT positive samples were further confirmed through ELISA. Individuals 25(8.2%) were found positive for both hep...
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2,  Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
...ells, congestion, hemorrhages, necrosis and other degenerative changes were observed in tissue samples of infected cattle. Significantly higher (P<0.05) micro-pathological lesion scores were given to lungs, kidney and lymph node samples from infected cattle as compared to those of non-infected ones. In conclusion, CBPP, being a major factor affecting cattle production and associated economics, warrants the implementation of control measures to mitigate the ...

Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2 

...ncy contracts. Three villages of District Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, were purposely selected for the study. A total of 30 respondents were interviewed with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that skillful and experienced tenants were given preference by the landlord. But due to non-availability of extension department and its trainings, illiterate and untrained tenants are involved in agricultural practices. T...

Muhammad Bakhtiar Khan1 and Jangraiz Khan2* 

...Establishing of cold storage facilities will greatly help farmers to fetch higher income. Additionally, credit facilities to the farmers would help potential progressive growers to adopt tunnel-farming and grow off-season vegetables, thus getting higher yield per acre. 

...
Yanyan Yu1,2,3, Yizhong Hu1, Qipeng Zhang1, Rongquan Zheng1,4,*, Bing Shen1, Shenshen Kong1 and Ke Li1
...calls from different lineages. In this work, we used a single-stimulus design to analyse phonotactic response to stimulus and subsequently estimated the values of female preference functions for call duration and call rate, and recorded and analysed the properties of 756 advertisement calls from 40 males at five reproductive stages and conducted single-stimulus phonotaxis experiments to estimate female preference for differe...

Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal2, Taj Ali Khan2, Zia Ul Haq2, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2 and Abdul Malik2 

...cteristics including average flow rate, emitter exponent, distribution uniformity, emitter discharge coefficient of variation, and statistical uniformity of locally available drip emitters. These indices were compared with the manufacturer data and available technical standards. A test bench was developed to measures the flow of emitters at different operating pressures. Data was consequently used for evaluating the hydraulic flow characteristics. Nine types o...

Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5  

...ed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings affirmed that middleman, processing factories and friends/relatives were the foremost intermediaries in citrus marketing. Majority of growers (94.16%) preferred selling their pre-harvest fruit to processing factories (55.75%), middleman (30%) and friends and neighbours (14.25%). High prices of inputs (84.3%), small lands (82.6%) and monopoly of the middleman (76%) were prominent factors limiting benefi...

Muhammad Usman* and Sajjad Ahmad 

...lucidated with digital images. 

...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Shahid1, Adnan Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman3* and Munawar Ali Munawar1
...rance test (OGTT) percentage analysis on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at the dose of 20mg/kg using glibenclamide (GC). Among these synthesized pharmacophores, six compounds exhibited percentage reduction (20.47±2.54 to 44.97±2.16 %) and (20.79±1.55 to 37±2.94 %) in blood glucose level at 20mg/kg dose compared to glibenclamide (74±3.10 % reduction) 50mg/kg dose of glibenclamide after 2 and 5 hou...
Erum Yawar Iqbal1*, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1, Shahnaz Dawar2 and Shahina Fayyaz1
...ss as biological control agent and can be easily used instead of live bacteria in future formulations.
...
Dilara Abbas Bukhari*, Mehwish Faheem, Shamoona Arshad and Khalid P. Lone
...e in market can cause damage to vital organs like kidney. In general female physiological system seems to be more prone to damage caused by these diets as compared to male physiological system.
...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool4, Laraib Liaquat3, Fatima Ahmed5, Asra Khan1, Tahira Perveen3, Mirza Jawad ul Hasnain6, Saima Khaliq7 and Saad Bilal Ahmed8
...ypertension and liver damage. Animals fed with commercial chicken meat and feed for six weeks showed development of inflammation, necrosis, apoptosis and cirrhosis on histopathological examination of the liver, and had raised plasma TNF-α and AFP-levels. This study shows that damage to liver cells is caused by consumption of commercial feed for chickens and their meat which is considered safe for human consumption.
Bhandari Jyoti1,2, Yasen Shali3, Zhang Zehua4, Yao Xiaoho5, Deng Jiang3, Zhang Yaling5, Wang Cuiling5, Li Yang5, Lei Xueping5, Wang Wenfeng5, Mohammad Farooque Hassan6 and Li Can1,*
...s in early June. The average population density in meadow was 3.1 m-2 and in farmland was 4.52 m-2. Reproduction takes place during summer (June/July), generating two incomplete generations a year in meadow and one generation a year in farmland. The Iwao’s M*-m regression analysis, Taylor’s power law and aggregation cause analysis showed an aggregated distribution pattern for L. m. tibetensis Chen. It is concluded that ...
Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
...ed animals. Liver was damaged and the liver sections showed vacuolization of the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, necrosis of hepatocytes, polymorphism of tissue, nuclei and vessel congestions when compared with control group. The development, behavioral, biochemical and histological disorders were observed due to exposure to mercury via placenta during pregnancy and / or during lactation through weaning period. Overall, mercury chloride administration had direct...
Elmas Ulutaş1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, İsmail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
...ats each of 12 months of age, and weighing approximately 35 kg were divided into four groups as: control group (C) fed with basal diet containing 31.76 ppm Zn, experimental group 1 fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 ppm Zn, experimental group 2 fed with basal diet supplemented with 750 ppm Zn and experimental group 3 fed with basal diet supplemented with 1000 ppm zinc sulphate. The investigation was started after 15 days of adaptation period and lasted ...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2,  Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
...nsecticide resistance management (IRPM) against such pests in vegetable and major crop growing areas of Pakistan.
...
Peng Peng1,3, Xiaopeng Tang2*, Dun Deng3, and Rejun Fang1*
...ted for 28 days. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Results showed that: (1) the DM, CP, EE, CF, Ash, Ca, Pi, GE content of GM is 89.96%, 47.80%, 4.92%, 6.43%, 4.49%, 0.3%, 0.63%, 4.66 Mcal/Kg, respectively, the composition of Met, Lys, Ile, Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Arg, Thr, Ala, Pro, Tyr, Val, Phe in GM is 0.499%, 2.023%, 1.485%, 2.795%, 4.834%, 11.543%,...

Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan

...of women in livestock management practices and to explore factors determining their engagement in district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling approach was adopted to choose a random sample of 110 women farmers from the union council of village Shewa, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed to accumulate the primary datas...

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan1, Abdullah Khatri1 and Nighat Seema Soomro2 

Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...em in Pakistan do not manage wild vegetation on the field edges, and that may impact rodent populations near their fields. This study was conducted to examine the effect of adjacent non-crop vegetation on rodent populations in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem in Pakistan. Over 14 months, vegetation analysis was conducted using the quadrate method to record the vegetation around rodents’ active burrows at field boundaries. The dominant wild vegetation included ...
Hong-mei Gao, Wen-long Su, Gui-bin Tao, Han-yang Li, Wen-zheng Cao and Zhi-dong Qiu*
...the adverse radiation damage of bloosd tissue after high dose irradiation.We found that geniposide can recovery the red blood count after chemotherapy medications (5-Fluorouracil, 5-FU) treatment mice. The mechanism of action of genistein on erythrocyte production is not clear. This study suggests that Geniposide promotes red blood cell production. We demonstrated that genistein did not affect the erythrocyte differentiation of mouse CD34+ cells. Th...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Shu-Fei Ma3, Bo-Yang1, Fan-Fan Guo1 and Ming-Hua Duan1*

 

... appeared to be a useful agent for the treatment of Aβ-related pathologies in the central nervous system, and can be considered for therapeutic application in AD-affected patients.
...
Abdüssamet Aydın1 and Ş. Canan Bölükbaşı2*
...hite layers, 40 weeks of age, kept in individual cages were assigned randomly to five treatment groups, each group included 12 hens. The hens received one of five diets with 0, 32.5, 65 or 130 mg/kg pennyroyal extract and 50 mg/kg BHA, respectively. Experiment lasted for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the supplementation of pennyroyal extract did not affect feed intake, rates of albumen, yolk and shell of egg, shell ...
Mingsan Miao*, Hui Zhao, Jiaojiao Jia, Xiaoyan Fang and Yanyan Miao
...ry factors, repairing damaged nerve cells and improving the pathological changes of cerebral ischemia, proposing its therapeutic potential in treating such anomalies in future. 
...
Chen Shi, Jianlong Zhang and Guanghui Teng*
...ig growth at different stages effectively. In this study, the experiment adopted a management and data acquisition system based on LabVIEW, which automatically acquired and recorded the body measurements and body weights of 30 pigs during 90-day grower-finisher stage. Three body ratios between two each body measurements showed that the body length and width were the major parts of growth a...
Guoan Yin1,2, Lei Wang1, Xiaoyu Zhao1, LangchaoYu1, Liwei Guan1 and 
Dapeng Huang1,2*
...station crates can encourage sow’s sitting behaviour during the first week of postpartum (P=0.032), farrowing crates could increase sow’s lateral lying during 1-4 weeks of postpartum (P=0.001), while the sows reared in farrowing pens performed more ventral lying and standing than farrowing crates (P=0.002; P=0.001, respectively). The restricted pregnancy environments could increase sitting and standing of lactating sows. The restricted lactating en...

Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Shahab Ahmad2, Asad Ali3, Numan Khan3 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad

...o was based on 30% of management allowed deficit. Effect of Nitrogen doses on Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was found to be highly significant and showed an increasing trend of 7, 25 and 68% with reducing Nitrogen doses. However, the effect on dry-to-fresh weight ratio, plant height, days to 50% flowering, were found to be non-significant. Results indicated that deficit irrigation (I15, I30 and I45) had significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height and NUE. P...

Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar

... and under developed villages in Peshawar Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan during February 15 to July 27, 2018 by using research tools such as interview schedule. A sample of 298 small farm households were selected using random sampling technique for this study. Analysis showed that small farmers of developed villages perform more off-farm employment than small farmers of underdeveloped village<...

Sanaullah1*, Urooba Pervaiz1, Shahid Ali2, Mohammad Fayaz2 and Aftab Khan

... selected through multistage stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected with the help of a pre-tested and validated well-structured interview schedule. Analysis was carried through multiple regression and independent sample t-test. Results indicated that extension visits, involvement in agriculture, adoption of recommended farming practices, irrigation and HYVs had significant effect, while disease, fertilizer and pesticide had non-significant e...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
...nder standard broiler management conditions, birds were divided into five treatment groups of 48 with four replicates. Commercial pre-starter feed, starter feed and finisher feed were offered on days 1-12, 13-25 and 26-42, respectively. Birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease. Relative lymphoid organ weights were recorded on day 42. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed against Newcastle disease virus ...
Sevil Demirci*, Aydın Demirci and Emrah Şimşek
...nducted to determine the age and the growth of the Lessepsian migrant Randall’s threadfin bream, Nemipterus randalli (Russell, 1986). A total of 587 samples were collected from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey between February 2012 and January 2013. Total length and total weight ranged from 7.7 to 21.0 cm and from 6.90 and 150.99 g, respectively. Length-weight relationship parameters were calculated for all individuals as a= 0.0106...
Muhammad Faheem Akbar1,*, Muhammad Abdul Haq2, Imtiaz Ahmad1, Vasileva Viliana3 and Amjad Sultan1
...sistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively). The crops treated with bio pesticides were found safer for human consumption even after few hours of spray compared with codex and EU MRLs. Whereas, endosulfan and profenofos treated crops were not found to ...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
...o quantify the foliar damage are relatively expensive and are mainly dependent on complex and state of art devices and instruments. Instead, smartphone application may be a good source to measure the foliar damage. In this study, foliar damage of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on sunflower and soybean crops was measured using BioLeaf android application. The infected leave...

Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem 

...oils will help in its management. This investigation examined some variations in soil properties and inorganic phosphorus forms within the rhizosphere of three annual crops, viz groundnut (Arachis hypogea), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) on a loamy sand, typic haplustult soil. The work was sited at the research farm of the University during 2016 planting season and the region lies within the latitude of 5° 38¹N and longitu...

Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan 

...useholds in selected villages of district Peshawar. A multinomial logistic regression model was used for choice of alternative energy sources for cooking purpose. Results of the study showed that income of farm households, education level of household head and cooking cost had significant effect on the use of electricity, firewood and natural gas as against animal dung cakes for cooking purpose which was the base category. The study concluded that the use natu...
Abdul Kabir¹, Amjad Hussian Mirani¹, Jam Kashif1, Shumaila Manzoor2, Abdullah Iqbal3*, Ihsan Ullah Khan4 and Muhammad Abubakar2
...mly collected from three age groups (<1 year, 1-2 year and >2 years) of sheep and goats. Competitive ELISA was performed to evaluate sero-prevalence of PPR in goats and sheep. The swab and tissue samples were collected from the surrounding areas from suspected sheep and goats to confirm the PPRV. Out of total 246 sera, 144 (58.54%) samples were found seropositive for PPRV. PPR was more prevalent in sheep (61.82%) as compared to goats (55.88%). In sheep p...
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
...g 4.81, 4.96, 6.22 % foliage, pod and grain damage, 0.71 larva/plant with 32.28 % yield increase over control treatment. But Marginal Cost Benefit Ratio was -0.46. Light traps proved more efficient and feasible having low environmental risks having minimum percent foliage, pod and gain damage of 2.09, 0.71 and 0.29, respectively with 0.13 larval populati...
Jun Yan Bai*, Xiao Hong Wu, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Xue Yan Fu, Kun Peng Shi and Xiao Ning Lu
...that the at 3-5 weeks of age, the body weight, chest depth, body length, shank length, and sternum length of the French giant female quail were significantly higher than those of the Savimite female quail (P<0.05), while only the body weight of the French giant male quail was significantly higher than that of the Savimite male quail (P<0.05). At 5 weeks old, the shank circumference of the French giant female quail was significantly lower than that of the...
Muhammad Younis Laghari1,2, Zixia Zhao1, Yiwen Gong3, Punhal Lashari1,2, Shangqi Li1, Jian Xu1 , Ateeque Rahman Khooharo4, Jiongtang Li1,* and Yan Zhang1*
...x haplotypes with an average sequence divergence of 11.03% (SE = 0.78%). Four haplotypes (MF177501-MF177504) were shared in these four population. However, two specific haplotypes (MF177499-MF177500) were only observed in Hainan population. To simplify procedure and improve effectiveness of identifying the Hainan population, one specific PCR-based marker acted as INDEL marker was developed and then 120 samples were used as templates for PCR validation. The spe...
Savas Atasever*, Huseyin Erdem and Ibrahim Cihangir Okuyucu
...ion number ≥ 3) and stage of lactation (1=≤121 d, and 2= ≥122 d). While both BCS and RFS were not affected by non-genetic factors (farm, parity and stage of lactation), moderate correlation coefficient (r=0.536) was calculated between two traits. Routinely recording productive traits and rechecking feeding management for elevating RFS in the farms may be suggested in the investiga...

Amna Qazi1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Shafquat Yasmeen2, Shahla Karim Baloch1, Muharram Ali1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Sagheer Ahmad3, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani4 and Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui

Amna Shoaib*, Zoia Arshad Awan and Naureen Akhtar
... of effectual antifungal agents.
...
Fatima Hashim Abbas1,2* and Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi1
...ts status during early stages of pregnancy is urgently needed to help us solving such health issues. In this current study, One hundred and thirteen aborted women (73 known causes group, 40 unknown group) and control group (23 normal delivery women (control positive), 10 normal unmarried women (control negative) were recruited in this study. Levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA level), catalase activity (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reactive oxygen ...
Mubashra Salim1, Omeira Ibrahim1, Hugo Vilhena2,3,4, Carla Maia5, André Pereira5, Maria Shahzeen1, Shabana Kalsoom1, Asim K. Mahmood6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...re co-infected with both agents. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed in M. haemofelis infected samples. Analysis of risk factors revealed that risk of M. haemofelis and of C. Mycoplasma haemominutum infection was significantly higher during summer months than during the winter season (P ≤ 0.01 in both agents). Cats older than one year of age were sign...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
...ficantly associated with age of the patients (OR:1.40, CI:1.24-1.67), duration of DMT2 (OR:1.24, CI: 1.01-1.35), HbA1c (OR:1.86, CI:1.61-2.05), blood fastening sugar level (OR:1.37, CI: 1.18-1.51) and triglyceride concentrations (OR:1.13, CI: 1.02-1.33). In conclusion, the DSP was considerably higher in DMT2 patients and was significantly associated with age of patients, duration of DMT2, HbA1c, blood f...
Asim Faraz1,*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1
...Thal desert. With an average milk yield of 7.38 liter under traditional management, Barela camel appears as a camel breed with a good dairy potential. Moreover, according to its gross composition (fat, protein, lactose, SNF and total solids percentages being 4.26, 3.62, 4.84, 9.02 and 13.28, respectively), Barela milk appears particularly rich compared to literature data. A long term monit...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...istically evaluated. The age and education level of the farmers and the effect of the milker on the SCC were found to be significant (P <0.001). SCC value (65.930 ± 2.484 cells/ml) was found to be the lowest when the milker is the person from the household. The udder cleaning before milking was a significant factor (P <0.001), SCC was 66.330±2.570 cells/ml for the producers that applied hygiene and was 125.860±9.500 cells/ml for the ...
Nazia Qamar1,2*, Sher Khan Panhwar2 and Wang Ping1
...ed for shrimp fishery management in Pakistan.
...
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli1,2, Serkan Sayiner3*, Ayliz Velioglu-Ogunc4, Nedime Serakinci5, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp6, Berrak Yegen7, Feriha Ercan8 andGoksel Sener2
... for analysis of the collagen content besides tissue luminol, lucigenin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. A significant difference was determined between the CRF group and the control group with regard to heart rate, blood pressure, serum creatinine, BUN, LDH, cytokines and urinary electrolyte levels. Furthermore, monocyte and neutrophil apoptosis, tissue luminol, lucigenin, malondialdehyde and collagen le...
Babar Khan1,2 *, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1, Muhammad Atiq1, Abdul Jabbar1, Abdul Rehman3, Anam Moosa1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...ery effective biological agents against several soil dwelling pests. The following research demonstrates the reproductive potential of EPN specie Steinernema kraussei against last instar larvae of four lepidopteran insects, wax moth (Galleria mellonella), pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella), eggplant fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and armyworm (Spodoptera litura)at 27±2°C under laboratoryconditions. The res...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...itro hatching percentage of MG was evaluated that was varied significantly at different concentration of chemicals, bio control agents and plant extracts. Among chemicals, cartap was most effective with lowest egg hatching and among biocontrol agents Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson (PL) produced highest egg hatching while, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (TH) caused lowe...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu* 
...ernative strategy for management of this pest. Cabergoline can inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion and was applied in fertility control for animal, however, the physiological and behavioral mechanisms of cabergoline as a sterilant in practice remain little known. This study determined the effects of different doses of cabergoline on the inter- and intra-sexual social behavior and reproduction physiology in adult female lesser rice-field rats, Rattus losea...

Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu*, James Jingmang Kopmut, Chrysantus Achi Lagi and Kelly Nkem Okoh 

...e the rate of nasal carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among students in a college of animal health and production and livestock in the College Farm. 160 nasal swab samples taken from 130 students from three schools of the college and 30 livestock comprising sheep, goats, and cows between October 2017 and April 2018. Samples were enriched in peptone water broth, incubated at 37oC for 24 hours, and sub-cultured onto Mannitol Salt Aga...

Shazia Mansoor1, Muhammad Sohail2*, Saima Aslam3 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam4 

Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
...ctation, lactation days, age at first calving and breeding, and number of insemination (ratio) on cattle milk yield (last seven days in average). For this purpose, the milk yields of 156 Holstein Friesian cattle were investigated according to different age, lactation, calving and insemination associated parameters. Optimum values in literature were organized by an expert in establishing cl...
Zhi Yi Jin and Shao Ming Qin*
...(P=0.018) and village (P=0.001) were significantly greater than in control plots. Principal component analysis showed that safety factors (vegetation cover on both banks, distance to a mine factory and river width) were the three most important habitat factors, indicating that Scaly-sided Merganser had high requirements for shelter and safety. Twenty two species of fish belonging to eight families and three orders were identified in foraging area...
Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu1*, Maria Ifeyinwa Ngwu2, Fabian Chukwuemenam Okafor1, Aruh Ottah Anaga3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani1
...0.05) in the mean percentage mortality between the laboratory-reared and field-collected Aedes mosquitoes. The mortality rate due to the extract was found to be less in the field collected A. aegypti (LC50 = 2.81 ± 0.14; LCI = 2.55; UCI = 3.11) than the laboratory-reared ones (LC50=1.24±0.09; LCI = 1.07; UCI = 1.43) after 24 h exposure. The median larvicidal concentration LC50 values of the extract were 1.2...
Boxin Dou, Ying Liu*, Yumeng Liu, Lili Fan, Yongqiang Ma, and Yanguo Shi
...s as an antihypertensive agent.
...
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
...tions about treatment management state. Surveys and sampling of the wild strain of Ceratitis capitata were conducted in several regions to learn about the nature and number of treatments. The samples were subjected to ingestion toxicity bioassays of malathion and spinosad at different concentrations. Histopathological effects of spinosad were also studied and showed t...
Housh Muhammad Solangi1, Javaid Ali Gadahi1*, Mansoor Tariq2, Bachal Bhutto1Zubair Ahmed Laghari1, Jamila Soomro3, Taufeeq Ahhmed Khosa1 and Abdullah G Arijo1
... as antigen. Infective stage of the H. contortus (L3) was used for the challenge infection. Protein band pattern ranging from 10 to 170 kDa was observed and protein bands at 10-20 kDa, 24, 26 and 40-60 kDa were recognized by the antibodies against HcCP through western blot. Feacal egg count reduction test (FECRT) revealed that egg production was significantly reduced as 75.06%, 76.36% and 57.01 % respectively in vaccinated group as compared to positive ...
Muhammad Waseem, Tariq Mahmood*, Abid Hussain, Abdul Hamid, Faraz Akrim, Shaista Andleeb and Hira Fatima
..., 16,420 kg maize was damaged by Asiatic black bear having a worth of 3284 US$.
...
Yunfang Tian, Zeqin Fu, Jiantong Feng, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
...nsights for fisheries management to plan the fisheries policy of M. meretrix and protect the natural resource. 
...

Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2 

...emical and functional damage to the spermatozoa leading to reduced motility, viability, impaired transport and fertility. Caprine sperms are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation compared to other species which is mainly attributed to the compositional variation of the sperm plasma membrane. Different factors affect affects the semen cryopreservation viz. species, breed, semen collection technique, collection season, extender composition, type of cryoprotec...
Lei Gao1, Gong-xue Jia2, Zheng-yuan Huang1, Ming-xing Yue3, Chao Zhang1, Shi-en Zhu1 and Xiang-wei Fu1,*
... in oocytes of young and aged mice. Polar body extrusion was significantly delayed in aged mice (P < 0.05), however the rate of polar body extrusion was similar to that of young mice at 16 h of IVM. Moreover, PN formation of parthenogenetic embryo was significantly delayed in aged mice (P < 0.05). Afterward the two groups obtained similar results with respect to the percent
Seval Dernekbasi* and Emin Karatas
... at the cycled feeding stages of the experiment. This study shows that cycled feeding regimes by diets including vegtable and FO may be used in rainbow trout culture.
...
Asim Faraz*
...) calves in intensive management system (IMS) and extensive management system (EMS) in Thal desert, Punjab Pakistan. Twelve male and female calves were divided into two comparable groups of six each containing three males and three females. The first group calves were fed concentrate @ 1 kg/h/d plus crop residues of gram (Cicer arientinum) ad libitum while in second group calves were allowed grazing/browsing fo...

Ihsanullah Kakr1, Sarwar Khan2, Khalid Khan3* and Sajjad Ahmed

...nformation regarding the age of respondent, experience, type of community, feeding/watering pattern of camels, prevailing camel diseases in the area, treatment facilities, traditional remedies used by them against various diseases in camels and economic losses were collected. A total of one thousand and forty (n=1040) camel owners/respondents from three groups viz settled, transhumants and nomads were interviewed in Districts, Musa Khail and Jhal Magsi during ...

Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz

...ify;">Integrated pest management (IPM) relies on a merger of rational practices and always considered as an effective and environment-friendly approach to managing pests. The present study was conducted at different locations in the Multan District, Punjab Province, Pakistan for two consecutive years 2016-17 to devised four IPM modules (PRMM-1, PRMM-2, PRMM-3, and PRMM-4) for mango to evaluate their impact on insect pests, pesticide residues and yield in mango...

Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mahreen Hanif, Muhammad Nadeem, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, Muhammad Javaid 

.... The larvae feed on foliage and cause severe damage. Present study was carried out under laboratory conditions to elicit information about every stage like egg, larva, pupa and adult of Plutella xylostella on natural diet. The study revealed that incubation period of eggs varies from 3.2-4.3 hours. There are four larval instars of Plutella xylostella. The first, second, third and fourth i...
Savas Atasever*, Ali Vaiz Garipoglu and Huseyin Erdem
...different feeding and management practices on milk production and traits in Jersey crossbred cows. A total of 78 smallholder dairy farms in the Middle Black Sea region province of Turkey was investigated by raw milk composition (fat (F), protein (P), lactose (L)), density (D), freezing point (FP), somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk yield (DMY) according to the different feeding applications (grazing (G), silage us
Peimin Yang*, Zongyun Hu, Yixin Liu, Guanghai Jin and Lei Wang
...ould be protected and managed separately, and Panjin and Tieling populations should be considered as a genetic management unit.
...
Larysa Kladnytska1, Anatoliy Mazurkevych1, Natalia Bezdieniezhnykh2Oleg Melnyc1, Sergiy Velychko3, Mykola Malyuk1, Vasyl Danilov1Yuriy Kharkevych1 and Magdalena Gryzinska4*
...> and Xth passages was examined by immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies. Determination the index of proliferationdogs adipose-derived stem cells (DADSCs) on IVth and Xth passages. Established that DADSCs contains multipotent stem cells, that are characterized by an almost homogenous fibroblast-like cells оn the IVth and Хth pass<...

Amjad Usman1*, Arshad Khan1, Ruidar Ali Shah2 and Toheed Iqbal3 

...in an integrated pest management model. 

...

Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh

...climate change, water management for agriculture encompasses all technologies and practices leading to water productivity enhancement to address increasing irrigation water demand and declining water resources. One of such technology known as laser land leveling was introduced in Pakistan in 1980s. More recent introduction is of another water efficient technique known as The Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) technology evolved by International Rice Research I...
Jing Zhang1,2, Xin Wang2, Yun Zhao2, Yongcheng Jin2, Yongfeng Zhou2, Junmei Wang2, Yurong Fu2, Rui Wang2, Ruihua Li2, Hengtong Fang2 and Hao Yu2,*
...A was administered by gavage for one week, the mRNA expression levels of mucosal Mucin-1, Mucin-2, regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (Reg3γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were significantly downregulated. The mRNA expression levels of mucosal β-defensin, regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha (Reg3a), regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels were significantly increased. The ...
Xuhui Zhang1, Zhiyuan Sun2, Jinfeng Cai1, Guibin Wang1, Zunling Zhu1, Linguo Zhao3 and Fuliang Cao1,*
...ontrol group, the percentage of the abdominal fat, sarcous fat and lactic acid (LD) for FR groups were significantly decreased. Birds had significantly higher water holding capacity (WHC) when they were provided with the FR3 diet. Moreover, serum glutathione (GSH) and α-tocopherol (α-TOH) contents in the FR groups were increased, while, levels of total cholesterol (TC), malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) i...
Aftab Shaukat1,*, Sana Hanif2, Irfan Shaukat3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem4,5, Shadab Shaukat6, Rizwan Shukat8, Shahid Ali Rajput9, Imran Shaukat10, Mubashar Hassan4, Khalid Mehmood7, Saqib Umar11 and Muhammad Ali Jamil1
...e still at its initial stages. Several computer based prediction databases remain the only foundation for rapid identification of putative microRNA target. By utilizing experimentally validated targets, the search of further targets via bioinformatics tools help to predict gene target site. Keeping this in view, a study has been planned to investigate PDCD1 gene regulatory miRNA targets, their sequences and their seed location in human using online server miRD...
Celalettin Gözüaçik1,*, Mustafa Güllü2, Ayda Konuksal3, Reşat Değirmenci3 and Ercan Akerzurumlu3
... cereal fields of 18 villages in Lefkoşa, Girne, Güzelyurt, Gazimağusa and İskele townships in 2012-2013 years, and 1567 and 862 larvae were collected in the two years, respectively. Larvae were kept inside boxes covered with nets in the laboratory at 25±1◦C and 65±5% r.h. Following pupation, adult moths and parasitoids were obtained and percentage of parasitized larvae was determined. At the end of t...

Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sufyan Ullah Khan2 

... selected through multistage sampling. Parametric technique of stochastic frontier production function was estimated to model output of maize growers. Results of stochastic frontier model revealed that tractor hours, labor and FYM positively and significantly affected yield of maize. Average technical efficiency was predicted to be 0.68 ranging from 0.31 to 0.91; implies that an average ma...

Rehman Ullah Khan* and Muhammad Ayub 

...11 during six months storage. Decline was revealed by all samples in sensory parameters. It was concluded that samples GABP6 and GABP7 showed maximum nutrients retention comparatively and remained highly acceptable during six months storage

...
Yan-Guo Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Ri-Su Na, Wei-Jiang Si, Yu-Qin Han, Yan Zeng, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...his study, 20 male goats aged eight weeks were randomly divided into the oral and plasmid-injected KISS1. DNA vaccine groups (groups T1 and T2) and the empty vector groups (groups C1 and C2) for immunisation. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 10 and 14 weeks after primary immunisation for the detection of kisspeptin antibodies and testosterone by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Scrotal circumference was detected from week 0 to week 14...

Muhammad Farhan1, Ghulam Murtaza1, Muhammad Ramzan2, Muhammad Waqar Sabir3, Muhammad Arsalan Rafique2, Saif Ullah

...ctive and consumed all stages of aphid. The predation rate of Chrysoperla carnea was increased with increase in larval instars (1st to 3rd). Third instar of Chrysoperla carnea was very voracious feeder and fed large number of aphid instars nymphs (1st, 2nd and 3rd). The larval predatory potential was 413.9±0.07 aphid per larvae. The current study results revealed that Chrysoperla carnea has great potential for biological control of aphid. 

...

Muhammad1*, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah1 

...stainable urban waste management planning. The goal is to reduce the environmental damages, enhance food supply, increase employment opportunities and broke the vicious circle of poverty. This study performs a focalized analysis and investigates the influencing factors of urban farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for organic fertilizer in District Mardan, Pakistan. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used and data ...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Anam Sarwar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Mirza B. Baig3, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel4 and R. Kirby Barrick

...EFS, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 used for additional analyses. The results indicated that humans are the chief representatives of alterations in climate systems. The extension field staff was incompetent in dealing with the threats of climate change due to their lack of knowledge regarding climate change adaptation, mitigation and strategies and the deficiency of climate-related skills or competencies. The extension field st...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
...bacterial and anticancer agents. Fungal endophytes like Taxomyces andreanae isolated from Yew plant have the potential to produce an anti-cancer compound called Paclitaxel. Other different fungal endophytic species produce various other types of anticancer compounds like camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, torreyanic acid, vincristine, and vinblastine. This review is organized to describe the general study of natural bioactive molecules or secondary metaboli...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad

...g was done at maturity stage of crop. Soil samples collection was done from each pot and fertility parameters were studied. The results suggested that soil fertility status and biomass of wheat significantly increased by incorporation of full dose of press mud, poultry manure and compost. 

...

Attique Ahmed1, Tariq Sultan1, Ghulam Qadir2, Obaid Afzal2*, Mukhtar Ahmed5, Shamim-Ul-Sibtain Shah3, Muhammad Asif4, Safdar Ali2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood

...eld. However, in farm management practices genotype and environmental conditions may also affect the growth and nutrient uptake. PGPR and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in combination with synthetic fertilizers can enhance crop productivity and soil fertility. Present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of PGPR and PSB inoculation with T1 Control (Recommended NP), T2 (PGPR-1 + PSB + ¾ N + ¾ P),T3 (PGPR-2 +PSB +¾ N + ¾ ...

Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir1, Muhammad Faheem2, Asad Rajput1, Junaid Ahmed Soomro1, Saifullah Kunbhar1, Abdul Samad Mirwani1, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1, Ghulam Sarwar Mastoi3 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito

...mine the presence and damage status of FAW on fodder and grain corn along with sorghum and millet. The presence of FAW was confirmed from all corn growing districts of Sindh except Jacobabad, Larkana and Shikarpur districts of upper Sindh. The identification of FAW was done based on its morphological characters. More damage was recorded in fodder corn than grain corn. The presence of FAW was also recorded from sorghum and mi...

Nadia Mangrio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Nihaluddin Mari3 and Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2

...e done as spray over foliage after three months of planting when plant height was about 75 cm. Application of Zn was done in the shape of Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) whereas, Boron in the shape of Borax (Na2B4O7. 10H2O). The statistical analysis of pooled data of two years experiments indicated that growth, yield, quality and plant nutrients contents of sugarcane were affected appreciably (P<0.05) by Zn and B as judged to check plots. Zn at 15 kg ha-1 (soil appli...
Mubashar Hussain1*, Misbah Younas1,Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Umar1, Maimoona Kanwal1, Moazama Batool2
...ns of dung beetle assemblages on local scales. The sampling was accomplished by surveying grassy fields, croplands, old dung piles and fresh dung pats from selected localesofSialkot during 2016. Specimens were collected by hand picking and cattle dung baited pitfall traps. Sixteen species representing three guilds i.e. Paracoprid (10 species), Endocoprid (4 species) and Telecoprid (02 species) were recorded. Onitis excavatus (27.68 %)and Onitis crass...

Ahmad Naeem Shahzad1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi2, Samee Ullah1, Muhammad Latif3, Shakeel Ahmad1 and Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari1* 

...ere applied to plant foliage, subjected to varying levels (0, 11 and 17 dSm-1) of salinity. Salt stress disturbed the sodium and potassium concentrations in leaves and roots of plants. Different morphological traits of plants including number of leaves, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant height, leaf dry weight and root dry weight were severely hampered by salt stress. The absence of necrosis in cotton leaves under salt treatments ...
Mehmet Mamay1* and Ayşin Bilgili2
... BSD were checked for damage, egg, larvae and pupae of CM during harvest. According to the results from the study, CM infestation rate was low in orchards where BSD infestation rate was high in pomegranate fruits. In terms of infestation rate in pomegranate fruits, a statistically strong negative relationship was determined between BSD and CM (R (BSD, CM) = -0,724;Y=46.312-0.467*X). In this study, BSD infestation rate explained the variance of CM in...
Hina Habib Syed1, Muzafar Shah2*, Shahid Sherzada3 and Masroor Elahi Babar1
... were collected from all age groups patients visiting hospital labs and District Head Quarter Laboratory who were recommended for diagnosis of malaria. About 1050 patients were examined and malaria was detected through microscopy of thick and thin blood smears and rapid diagnostic test of which 118 (11.24%) were found to be infected with malaria parasite. Data was also collected sfrom other labs of District Swat which accumulated to a total of 9255 patients, a...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
... fever, headache, hemorrhage and body rashes. Although in the past decade millions of people in several continents like Asia, Africa and some islands of Indian Ocean have faced the major outbreaks of Chikungunya virus because of its travel associated febrile nature. An inexplicable paralyzing disease has trapped thousands of people in Karachi region of Pakistan and the symptomatology among suspected cases was compatible with Chikungunya fever. Thus Chikungunya...
Wen Qin1,2, YanGan Huang1, Lei Wang1, Gonghua Lin1, Jundong Yang1,2, Pengfei Song1,2, Hongmei Gao1,2, Jingjie Zhang1,2 and Tongzuo Zhang1,3,*
...st adapt to different forage conditions. Understanding the relationship between seasonal variations in the gut microbiota and host adaptability is a good basis for the protection of the goitered gazelle. Here, we present our findings on the diversity of the gut microbiota in fecal samples from wild goitered gazelle from Qiadam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are the first such data to be reported. A total of 25 phyla were found, of which the dominant phyla...

Grigory Antonovich Nozdrin1*, Regina Gabdrahmanovna Utkina2, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Lelyak2 and Yana Viktorovna Novik1 

...preparation once with dosages (2,000 µl/kg, 3,000 µl/kg, 4,000 µl/kg, and 5,000 ml/kg) while the fowl in the reference group were left untreated (they were given a placebo – distilled water). The experimental fowl were monitored every hour during the first day, and every day afterward for a total of 14 days. The live body weight was measured every week; the overall condition of the fowl, behavior, physical activity, water, and feed cons...

Peer Sikandar Shah1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan*1,2, Saddam Hussain1 and Jawad Ali Jan1

... ATP and potassium encourage carbohydrates metabolism, enzymes establishment and osmotic regulation This experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar during spring season (March-june) 2016. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with split plot arrangement having three replications. The sponge gourd Luffa acutangula cultivars (Jaipuri and Dharidhar) were allotted to the main plot while organic and inorganic regimes (i.e. Cont...

Amjad Ali1*, Lal Almas2, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Hina Fatima3 and Asim Khan1  

...udy indicate that on average with same technology and resource base, yield of sugarcane can be increased by about 28% in order to reach the efficient fellow growers of sugarcane crop. Around 48.49% of the selected growers were below the mean technical efficiency level. Results from efficiency analysis show that age and off-farm income are quite influential socio-economic factors that affect technical efficiency of sugarcane ...
Qingzhan Ma1, Bo Wu1, Jianping Jiang2 and Zhaobin Song1,3*
...POPG, and POPH). The average polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.525 (POPD) to 0.733 (POPA) indicating high polymorphism (PIC > 0.5). The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) in the eight populations ranged from 0.504 (POPH) to 0.767 (POPG) and from 0.6 (POPD) to 0.781 (POPA), respectively. The results showed that the eight populations possess considerable gen...
Quratulain1, Ata-ul-Mohsin1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabir1, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2 and Rashid Mahmood2*
...thrips, is important foliage feeding pest of vegetables crops of Pakistan. For this research Ten onion accessions Early red, Phulkara, Chiltan, Saryab red, Swat-1, Hazara, Nasarpuri, Red imposta, VRIO-7, VRIO-8 were evaluated during rabi season of 2017-18 at Chak Shahzad, Islamabad (33o 40 N and 73o 08 E), for their susceptibility to onion thripsunder field conditions. Seeds of different onion varieties were obtained from Ayub Agri...

 Muhammad Rafay1,*, Ghafoor Ahmad1, Tahira Ruby2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Fahad Rasheed4, Muhammad Abid1, Sohail Akhtar5, Zulfiqar Ahmad6 and Riaz Hussain7

...i> species having an average clutch size of 4 eggs. Average peripheral and core diameter, depth of nest was 13, 9 and 7 cm, respectively. Breeding completed in 36 days including incubation, nestling, post nestling and fledgling stages of 13, 5, 4, and 14 days, respectively. Overall predation during these stages was 57%. Adults consumed grains, insects, t...
Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Nisha. A.R2, Muhammad Umar3, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, A. Zaman1, Shakir Ullah1, Imdad Ullah1, Sumera Ali Khan4
...estock production to cottage industry. The women in rural societies of Pakistan deliver many farm duties especially in the Punjab province, anterior Sindh, KP, Gilgat-Baltistan and Baluchistan. In the hilly areas men and women of the rural community use the donkeys for daily practice work like fetching water, collection of firewood for domestic use and sale in the nearby local market to cope their daily needs. The present study was carried out in three differe...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Annamaria Passantino2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Naeem Ullah Khan5, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel6
...s reared in intensive management system (IMS) by feeding two different dietary regimes. The study was conducted at camel breeding and research station (CBRS) Rakh-Mahni tahsil Mankera of district Bhakkar-Punjab, Pakistan. Ten male calves of 310±35 days of age were raised in stall-fed conditions. They were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein levels as 18% (G1) and 22% (G2). Regarding rough
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Mudasser Nazir2, Aneela Hameed3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal5
...cess is allowed to be managed by an exogenous OT by its vital role in neuro hormonal milk-ejection process. OT increases milk yield by gland output, which is not due to residual milk removal. OT also improves the persistency of lactation. Receptor blockade of oxytocin causes milk ejec...

Anila Kousar, Muhammad Naeem* and Samrah Masud 

...of GIFT, the mean percentages for water, fat, ash, protein and organic content were observed as 79.13, 3.74, 2.75, 14.43 and 18.12 (T1,15% crude protein CP level); 80.85, 2.62, 3.27, 14.00 and 16.62 (T2, 20% CP) and 78.48, 2.82, 3.30, 15.39 and 18.22 (T3, 25% CP) respectively. Proximate composition of GIFT tilapia was influenced by body size. The relationship between water and body weight as well as total length exhibited strong correlation. However, body size...

Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2

...and amateurs growers, engaged in the cultivation of high value or medicinal crops were contacted. Out of these, 68 found as broccoli growers and most probably due to shyness only 37 contributed in data collection process. In the perspectives of health-promoting properties of broccoli 62% were unaware of health benefits and 7% aware of beneficial properties against heart diseases. In case of selection of varieties 37% were unaware of the name of variety and 22%...
Ahmad Osman Mal1 and Mohamed Hosny Gabr1,2,*
...ed. Scales were used for age determination and back calculations of length-at-ages. The growth parameters were estimated to be: the asymptotic length L = 54.044 cm, the growth coefficient K = 0.168 year-1, and age at zero length to = -0.707 year for H. harid and L = 51.238 cm, K = 0.170 year-1, and to = ...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...hinkara of known sex and age was buried in the locality of the Manglot Wildlife Park and Ungulate Breeding Centre, Nizampur, Pakistan, after a specific period of time the bones were unearthed. Gross morpohological features and various osteometric parameters of the skull were studied in the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciencies, Lahore, Pakistan. The shape of the Chinkara skull was elongated and had thirty two bones. The skull was comprised of the crani...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Riyasat Sultan 

...lign: justify;">Utla Village possesses a great deal of variations in the physiography of different parts of the village and therefore transhumance has been a common and traditional practice. The present research aims to study the causes and mechanisms of seasonal migration, to find out the causes responsible for its decline and to bring in light the effects of modernization on transhumance in Village...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Muhammad Zubair Khan1, Ayesha Bibi2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad

Rabia Iqbal, Muhammad Naeem*, Samrah Masud and Abir Ishtiaq 

... of 0.12±0.08 average weight(g) and length(cm) 1.63±0.21 were acclimatized and shifted in hapas (8x6x3 ft.), fed at the rate of 5% of their wet body weight. Ten samples from each hapa were randomly selected at the end of three months (90 days trial) for body composition analysis. Mean percent water, ash, fat and protein contents were ranged 80.55±0.94 to 80.55±0.94; 2.23±0.13 to 2.23±0.13, 5.85±0.55 to 6.63&plus...

Muhammad Safdar Hussain1*, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz2, Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir2 and Noor-E-Hira

Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4* 

...capital, experience, and age of the farmers have an adverse effect on rice production. Conclusively, it is proposed that the government should introduce precise programs for the upgradation of water systems, farmers’ training, input, and credit accessibility to enhance spur rice productivity. 

...

Mubashir Mehdi1*, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan1, Burhan Ahmad1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2, Gulnaaz Hameed3 and Muhammad Asif4 

...vertical relationship management and increasing pressure for certified and standardized products has pushed mango farms in Pakistan to acquire certifications like Global GAP. Workers’ working conditions and their basic rights can influence on sustainability of mango value chain system in Pakistan particularly under the guidelines of LO decent work agenda. Double-log regression model is used to assess the effects of dec...

Akbar Hayat*, Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Ehsan Ul Haque, Ahmed Raza, Faheem Khadeeja 

...fruit size, juice percentage and yield obtained in T1 Troyer citrange and T2 Cox mandarin as compared to local root stock rough lemon. Results depict that exotic citrus root stock Troyer citrange and Cox mandarin performed well with Feutrell’s early in the local climatic conditions of Sargodha Punjab, can be used to overcome the smaller size of Feutrells early along with added edge of better results in various other parameters like tree yield, fruit weig...

Cornelius Arome Omatola*, Samson Daniel Iyeh, Shedrach James Abuh, Charles Kehinde Mofolorunsho, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo and Phoebe Queen Akoh 

...ere married, unemployed, aged 15-35 years and of low-income earners had a higher prevalence of STIs. Factors such as a history of STIs in women and husbands, blood transfusions, genital ulcers and trimesters were significantly related to a higher predisposition to STIs. Conclusively, a high prevalence of STIs was observed among asymptomatic pregnant women in the study area. Our findings highlight a concern with economic consequences. Hence intervention program...

Aqsa Ahmad1, Iftikhar Ahmad1* and Malik Fiaz Hussain Ferdosi

...t the two to four leaf stage into lily crates with the treatment substrates. Plants grown in substrates containing SD + PH + PM (experiment I) indicated that plants grown in these soilless compositions died before flowering, while those grown in silt (control) performed best. While in experiment II, the highest quality plants were grown in 50% CC + 40% RH +10% PM. Quality was defined as plants with shortest production time (days), tallest plant height (cm), op...

Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed

...erty in AJ and K. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 540 respondents from the universe comprising both registered and nonregistered members of AJKCDP. Primary data were collected through interview schedule. Foster Greer and Thorbecke measure was used to calculate incidence of poverty which is then used to model the probability expressions with the help of Logit to investigate the correlates of poverty in the research area. Poverty was f...
Daniel Masood1, Noor Khan1*, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Sadaf Dogar1, Abdul Hanan1, Sadia Nazir1, Sheeza Bano1, Azra Anwar2, Sameul A.M. Martin3  and Chris J. Secombes3
...s. L. rohita (average weight 190.25±00g) were stocked randomly in glass aquaria for a 90 day feeding trial. Fish were fed twice daily with four different iso-nitrogenous diets at a feeding level of 3% of total biomass. The diets contained 26% crude protein in which moringa meal substituted soybean meal at 0% (control), 10%, 20% and 30%, with the groups fed these dietsdesignated as T0, T1, T2 and T3, res...
Bin Huo1 and Xiaoyun Shen1,2,3*
... contents in soil and forage from affected pastures were significantly lower than those from healthy areas (P<0.01) and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca:P) in affected herbages was 13.16:1. Phosphorus contents of blood and hair from the affected animals were also significantly lower than those from healthy animals (P<0.01). Serum alkaline phosphatase values from affected Tibetan gazelles were signif...

Bilal Atta1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Sabar1, Bakhtawar3, Faizan Ali3 and Mehran Sarwar

... suggested that grain damage and grain weight loss due to the feeding of T. castaneum decreased as the dose rate of crude plant extracts increased, while an increasing trend was found in these parameters with the increase in exposure interval. The maximum grain damage and grain weight loss (10.27% and 0.346%, respectively) were recorded at the lowest dose of A. indica crude extract at 10 days exposure interval. The result of...

Khalid Khan* and Guo Xiangyu 

...ts can also spur the average income of family to escape them from absolute poverty. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate that extensive consultation and training of the farmers can significantly improve the technical efficiency. In other words, the extension department of Balochistan should take a step to provide all the necessary training and consultation to the farmers to improve the technical efficiency of the rice producers in the district. ...
Urosevic Milivoje1, Matejevic Milosava2*, Drobnjak Darko1 and Ozkanal Umit3
...breed has shown only average values of individual morphological parameters and differences in them depending on gender, age or place of origin. However, the premise of this research is that there are several different varieties of Tazi, depending on the proportions of the body. Measurement results of 19 morphometric parameters showed that there are statistically significant differences between three sub-populations of Tazi, ...
Şükrü Önalan1*, Muhammed Arabacı1and Haşmet Çağırgan2
...e of the main pathogenic agents in rainbow trout farms in Turkey. Twenty-two L. garvieae isolates obtained from different regions in Turkey were evaluated phenotypically in the study. In all isolates, cream colored, bright, round and S-type colonies with smooth margins were seen in TSA medium. They were alive during native examination without movement. It was observed that morphologically all isolates were Gram (+), α-hemolytic (BA), oxidase and c...

Faisal Hafeez, Asad Aslam*, Ayesha Iftikhar, Afifa Naeem, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar and Muhammad Jawad Saleem 

...ver, the order of percentage population change/reduction is as under: Chlorfenpyr Thaimethoxam>Thiacloprid>Acephate. In addition to this, economic analysis of both years exhibited the similar descending order/trend in benefit cost ratio (BCR) as above. So the conservative strategies of using non-selective and conventional insecticides for the control of sucking fauna, especially against jassid, must be transformed / amended to most selective insect growt...
Yan Xu1, Jia Zhou1, Guangfu Lv2, Yuexin Liu1, Xintong Zhao1, Xin Li1, Doudan Ye2, Xiaobo Qu1,* and Xiaowei Huang1*
... dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) level were used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis, and immunofluorescence was used to detect Bax and Bcl-2 expression. The protein levels of TGF-β/ Smad / ERK signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. We found that PAP significantly increased cell viability after DOX-induced injury, reduced LDH, CK-MB levels, up-regulated Bcl-2 expression ...
Alicja Kowalczyk1, Marian Kuczaj2, Anna Szul3 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
...iesian bulls with an average age of 3.5 ± 0.5 years were housed individually in pens. From each bull, two ejaculates were collected using an artificial vagina. Semen samples that showed more than 60% motility and 60% viability were selected for this experiment. To the four diluted samples were added 0µg/mL successively; 2µg/mL; 4µg/mL and 8µg/mL buserelin acetate (Buserelin® aniMedica, Pola...
Ambrin1*, Ghulam Dastagir1, Jehan Bakht2 and Muhammad Adil1
...erpenoids, gums and mucilages, fats, steroids, phenols and phytosterol.
...
Imran Khan1, Muhammad Nawaz1,*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Adnan Mehmood1, Masood Rabbani1, Amina Mustafa1 and Muhammad Asad Ali1
...teritidis by oral gavage. D-xylose absorption capacity and gut morphometric parameters (villus height, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio) were studied at day 35. Broiler administered with IKP23, IKP111 and IKP333 significantly improved villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio as compared to positive control. D-xylose absorption was also enhanced in groups administered with probiotics. It is concluded that IKP23, IKP111 and IKP3...
Sajjad Ali1,*, M. Irfan Ullah2, Asif Sajjad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, M. Aslam Farooqi1, M. Shahid Rizwan3, Qaiser Shakeel4, Sohail Akhter1,Muhammad Raheel4 and Muhammad Arshad2
...their integrated pest management. Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) -being highly polyphagous- is the pest of many crops and exhibits high fecundity and migrating efficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate its physicomorphic responses towards different host plants. The highest larval and pupal weights were observed when fed on gram, Cicer arietinum (L.). The maximum (97.23%) larval survivorship was recorded on gramwhile, t...
Hui-Ying Chen1,2*, Ping-Chuan Yin1,2, Ya-Nan Lu1,2, Hai-Yun Li1,2*and Yang Shan3
... key genes in aspirin-damaged yeast cells following redox injury. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subsequently identified and functionally enriched for analysis. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and block analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape databases. A total of 248 genes were identified, of which 84 were downregulated and 164 were upregulated. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses indicate...
Yuhong Li1, Dongxue Wu1, Xue Wang1, Mi Zhang1, Hanyu Zhu1, Zhe Shi1 and Fumin Feng1,2*
... the highest, and the damage to hepatocyte is more serious than the single drug.
...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...h majority (43.08%) from age group 21-40 years were found positive for C. freundii. Of the 130 isolates, 28 (21.53%) were ESBL producers comprised of 10 (35.71%) from males and 18(64.29%) from females with majority recovered from age group of 21–40 years (57.14%). Furthermore, 10(7.69%) isolates were metallo-β lactamase (MBL) producers containing 4(40%) from males and 6(60%) from females with majorit...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
...ction of the etiological agent to the healthy A. sinensis. Physiological and 16s rRNA molecular analysis identified Streptococcus iniae as the causative agent of the disease outbreak. The bacteria has a unique biochemical profile compared with most of the previously isolated strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that S. iniae HNM-1 is resistant to most of the important antibiotics, in...
Arifa Savanur1,*, Tallat Naz1,2, Tayyaba Hamid1,3, Syed Abid Ali4, Mian Jahangir1,3 and Muhammad Abdul Azeem4
...nical properties of esophageal and intestine tissue strips of Uromastix hardwickii. Tissues were subjected to electrical stimulation in order to observe the graded mechanical response, and the quick isotonic release method was used for the measurement of stiffness in the series elastic component. The higher stiffness in intestinal tissues as compared to esophageal tissue of Uromastix is probably associat...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...ntegration of biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L. (Thripidae: Thysanoptera), release of Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea, spray of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5% and spinosad 240 SL (Tracer) were integrated in all possible combinations, thus, making a total of 15 treatments including separate application of each above and a control where none was applied except water only. Resu...
Omer Draz1, Xijun Ni2, Khizar Samiullah1,*, Riffat Yasin1, Rana Mehroz Fazal1, Sakeela Naz1, Saleem Akhtar1, Mahpara Gillani1 and Muzammil Ejaz1
...ern Pakistan. The assemblage represents 16 specimens belonging to seven species of order artiodactyla which are Selenoportax vexillarius, Pachyportax latidens, Dorcatherium minus, Dorcatherium majus, Gazella lydekkeri, Hippopotamodon sivalense and Propotamochoerus hysudricus. The bovids are more prominent here as compared to all other artiodactyls. The suggested age of recovered species is Late Miocene to early...
Muhammad Anwarullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Ghulam Mustafa3, Muhammad Husnain1 and Muhammad Usman1
...its were selected at the age of two months. Rabbits were given experimental challenge with oral inoculum of pure culture of MAP. These rabbits were divided into four groups; three test and one control group. Histopathological lesions were observed before and after the therapeutic trials and lesions scoring was given according to the standard. On the basis of the changes in histopathological lesions, the effect of these therapeutic age<...

Ghulam Mohi Uddin Paracha* and Yasser Durrani 

...ium benzoate) on the storage stability at ambient temperature (25 ± 5°C) of blended pulp of peach and persimmon. Effect of preservatives on physico-chemical parameters (total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity) and sensory evaluation of blends was carried out. The treatments in this study included BPo [peach persimmon blend (6:4)], BP1 [peach persimmon blend (6:4) + potass...

Bala Gambo Jahun1,2*, Muhammad Yamin2,3, Desa Bin Ahmad2, Muhammad Razif Mahdi2, Shamsuddin Suleiman4 and Salihu Ahmad Abdulkadir5 

...ulching depth and may damage the shallow roots of oil palms. This study investigates the influence of blade lifting angles, tractor’s forward speed and tractor’s PTO speed in predicting mulching depth. Four blades with lifting angles of 0°, 60°, 120°, and 150°; 02 tractor’s PTO speeds of 540 and 1000 RPM and 03 tractor’s forward speeds of 1, 3, and 5 km/h were assessed for determining the effect on mulching depth in oil ...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar

... mM) were applied to foliage. Application of both resistance inducers suppressed disease development by 54.1% and 67.4%, for SA and BABA, respectively, 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Numbers and size of lesions per plant was reduced by application of SA and BABA. Plants treated with BABA exhibited increased resistance against herbivory by aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphidiae), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and whi...

Hasnain Alam1*, Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak1 and Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi

...a apollinea. Two osmotic agents (OA) i.e. NaCl and PEG 6000 and four osmotic levels (OL) i.e. 0, -0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 MPa were tested for each species. Data was collected for different germination traits including germination percentage, germinating index, mean daily germination, mean germination time, promptness index, germination stress tolerance index, coefficient of velocity of germination and germination rate. Osmotic st...

H. Liu1, X.P. Tang1, R.J. Fang1,*, F.Yi2, C. Zhang2, R.Q. Yang1, F. Sun1 and S.Y. Zhou1 

...; Yorkshire) with an average body weight of (8.79±1.15) kg were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 replicates in each group, and 6 piglets (3 castrated males and 3 females) per replicate. Control group was fed a basal diet, experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with copper amino acids addition level was 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg Cu or 150 mg/kg Cu from CuSO4 of the control group,respectively. Growth performance, serum biochemical...
Sara Zafar* and Asmatullah
...d to pregnant mice by gavage. The high dose contains Atenolol 2.5 µg/g body weight (B.wt.) of treated mice and low dose contains 1.65 µg/g B.wt. The dose was administered from the 6th -12th day of the gestation period for seven days. Many congenital abnormalities including hemorrhages, hygromas, resorbed fetuses, deformed, hyperextended and hyperactive flexed limbs, distorted axis, and intrauterine growth retarda...
Khayyam1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Naiz Ali2 and Qadeem Khan3
...ts (HT) (30 female, mean age=34±1.43 years, 20 males mean age =38.35±1.17 years) and control group included 35 individuals (20 females mean age=31.65±1.77years, 15 males mean age=37.93±2.561 years). The 32 Grave’s disease (GD) patients (24 females mean age=34.96± 2.18 years, 8 m...
Shaheen Rahman1, Kafeel Ahmad1*, Niaz Ali2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Waqar Ali4
...ins demand for proper management and control measurements to spread and prevent infections of A. tumefaciens.
...
Tehreem Usman1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qaisra Siddique1
...C decreased with the passage of time. Among both treatments, ES+CPF caused greater decline in CAT activity and TPC. It was concluded that insecticides in mixture form are toxic to fish and response of biomarkers depends on the type of toxicants and exposure duration.
...
Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Imran Bodlah1*, Ammara Gull e Fareen1,2, Muhammad Shakeel Khokhar1
...idered as generalized foragers and cryptic in nature. Collected material was verified using most recent and available literature provided by Bharti and Akbar (2014). Herein we report one species of this genus C. raja (Forel, 1902) based on queen for the first time from Himalayan Foothills of Pakistan. Differential diagnosis, morphometric and illustrations are provide...
Dil Afroza Khanom1, Amirun Nesa1, Muhammad Abu Sayed Jewel1, Muhammad Ayenuddin Haque1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Sonia Iqbal2, Usman Atique2,3*, Lubna Alam4
...yed the hierarchy of average levels of the targeted metals in G. chapra in declining order of Zn (14.37) > Cu (12.63) >Mn (1.39) > Cr (0.64) >Pb (0.38) > Cd (0.03 mg/kg) whereas, Zn (11.89) > Cu (11.18) >Mn (1.69) > Cr (0.52) >Pb (0.19) > Cd (0.01 mg/kg) in E. vacha. The t-test indicated significant differences (P<0.05) between Pb and Zn, while, the inter-species relationships were not...
Afzal Nimra1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Safdar Sidra 2, Rida Ahmad1
...kistan. Overall, the average levels of Cd, As and Ni (31, 20, and 37 ng/m3) were lower indoors as compared to outdoors (39, 21, and 51 ng/m3) except Pb. The high indoor levels of Pb (113 ng/m3) as compared to outdoors (85 ng/m3) suggested pronounced indoor sources. The average indoor-outdoor (I/O) ratio for the Pb, Cd, As and Ni were 1.34, 0.94, 0.99 and 0.79 respectively. The resu...

Arshad Farooq1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq3 and Asif Nawaz

...ecommended production management practices in the research area. Data were collected personally through face to face interview schedule from 285 sample respondents randomly selected from eight villages of the eight selected union councils. The empirical results indicated that farmers of district Mardan had 41 percent knowledge gap with cane yield 58387 kgs/hectare and sample farmers of district Dera Ismail Khan had 33 percen...

Muhammad Younis1, Shahen Shah1*, Inamullah1, Rozina Gul2, Arshad Jalal1, Farhan Khalil1, Iqbal Hussain1 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad

..., area allocated and average production is still far below than the other countries of the world. One of the reasons of its low productivity in Pakistan is the low, inadequate and improper fertilizers management. Among the various factors influencing crop production, phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) boost its yield and quality. A field trial was conducted in summer 2012 using phosphorus @ of 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha‑1 and sulp...

Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy

...ose with increases in dosage and length of exposure. Significantly higher mortality (89.75±3.66%) after one week occurred in grains treated with the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg). At the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg), the mortality reached as high as 100% after 2 weeks, while the lowest significant percent mortality (1.00±1.00%) was recorded in the control one week after exposure and only increased to 3.53±0.00% after 3 weeks. Pe...

Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2, Farrah Melissa Muharam2 and Siti Zobidah Omar

...for agricultural risk management. The past research reveals that many researchers had tried to determine factors affecting behavioural intentions of the respondents and TPB has been applied as technology acceptance model in various contexts. However, predicting behavioral intentions to use ICTs for agricultural risk management has not been evaluated from the actual field. Therefore, the data were collected from 360 farmers t...

Samman Gul Vaseer1, Muhammad Rasheed1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Yamin Bibi2, Saqlain Shah1, Asma Hassan1, Lubna Ayub Durani1, Muhmmad Asif3 and Zuhair Husnain

...rator/FCKeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif" class="TB_Button_Image" style="background-position: 0px -512px; background-image: url("http://researcherslinks.com/snf_administrator/FCKeditor/editor/skins/default/fck_strip.gif");" alt="" /> conducted to evaluate the effect of Co on inoculation slurry treated seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) to observe the yield and development...

Aurang Zeb, Abdur Rab and Shujaat Ali* 

...ical composition and storage duration of Sweet orange” at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar in 2016. Complete Randomized Design and three replications were used. Sweet orange was collected from four different locations i.e. location-1 (Torwarsak, Buner), location-2 (Rabat, Lower Dir), location-3 (Wartair, Malakand) and location-4 (Palai, Malakand) stored up to 48 days at room temperature, Data was recorded after 12 days of intervals. All the stu...

Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo2, Javeed Shabir Daar3 and Shahjahan Rajput

...or the monitoring and management of whitefly. On the basis of results it is suggested that sticky traps are the most excellent integrated pest management approach to prevent problems from increase of whitefly population in the brinjal crop. Further is suggested that these traps are extremely not expensive and simple they can be posted by any unqualified labor. 

...

Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo3 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Shaikh

... sustainable pesticide usage in Pakistan. Randomly 66 farmers were selected to conduct the interview for background information about the growers’ status on pesticide application. The results show that the majority of the growers did not get any kind of trainings on sustainable use of pesticides. Results indicated that, 46.96% vegetable growers belong to middle age groups between 29-38 years. Most of them 40.90% posses...

Ghani Akbar 

...ivestock, postharvest management and farm operation sectors in Malakand division. The study illustrated the potential for agricultural improvement, explored key issues and identified strategies and recommendations for agriculture sustainability and improved food security that may lead to better livelihood in Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). 

...

Filza Fatima Rizvi1*, Waqar khan2, Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3 and Muhammad Umer

...;s a need for time to manage water resources and conserve water. High-efficiency irrigation systems are the most efficient way of water supply to agriculture which can provide better yield with minimum loss of water supply. The current study consists of a design simulation of a High-efficiency center pivot irrigation system on MATLAB. It is the most widely used software for simulation and design purpose which gives a more appropriate, simple and effective repr...

Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4 

...ous snacks and beverages sold in the streets of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The three zones of city were selected for the purpose of sample collection. Mean prevalence of E. coli 61.7% was indicated by Spread plate method. Prevalence of Total plate count checked and pathogenic count was calculated in CFU/g and CFU/ml, mean CFU for E. coli and TPC was (3.39×104 to 3.15×105). Total 47.9%...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed 

...ign, installation and management. Therefore, this study is aimed to illustrate appropriate installation and management of furrow bed irrigation method for enhancing decision support on farms. Pakistan is a major irrigated agricultural country with more than 90% of crop production coming from irrigated areas. Irrigation water available at farm gates either from surface or groundwater resources are more precious, thus demands ...

Muhammad Rasheed1*, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Ansar1, Asma Hassan1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Hussain Shah4 and Muhammad Arshadullah

...text-align: justify;">Forage based double cropping system is essential for the sustainable development of Pothowar region. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate forage growth and yield of oats (Avena sativa) and vetch (Vicia sativa) grown in mixture stands under conservation and conventional tillage systems. The highest number of tillers plant-1 (11) for Oats was recorded in oats-vet...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
...r disease control and management interventions. 

Saira Saleemi1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2
...uch as: eroded gills, damaged fins and lesions all over the body. The fish specimens showed mild to severe infection. The infection caused by fungus was confirmed by isolating the pathogenic fungus from affected skin, gills, fins, heart, liver, kidney and intestine of fish and culturing it on four different culture media; Malt extract agar (MEA), Corn meal agar (CMA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The inoculated culture plates w...
Hina Nazli, Abida Butt*
...uired to successfully manage insect pests. Along with insect pests, many predators of these pests are also present in crops and affected by these management activities. Spiders are the most abundant predators of insect pests in the agroecosystem. The present study was designed to assess and compare acute and residual toxicity of two insecticides i.e Spiromesifen and Thiamethoxam on the lynx spider Oxyopes javanus

Md. Al-Amin Tan1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Md. Sabuj Rahman1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1* 

...collected at different stages of skin preparations were transferred in nutrient broth and cultured in Plate Count Agar for counting of Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Results revealed that Chlorxylenol was less efficacious than PI and Chlorhexidine gluconate when mean CFU was counted at different stages of surgical field preparation. Soap water scrubbing and ethanol spray followed by aqueous Chlorhexidine gluconate painting elimi...
Ayesha Iqbal1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Ayesha Iqbal1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Ameen1
...timation of suid’s ages was based on third molar eruption. The fifty-one craniometric and twenty mandibular measurements were carried out on the adult male skull and data derived from analysis of our sample was compared with previously reported data of European and Japanese wild boar. As a result of comparison of the different craniometric and mandibular parameters it was inferred that the studied specimen has larger dimensions for various parameters tha...

Korkmaz Bellitürk1, Zubair Aslam2, Ali Ahmad2* and Sami ur Rehman2

...comes showed that percentages of EC, C:N ratio, heavy metals and organic matter decreased in vermicompost as compared to raw material while the proportion of pH, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, N, P, K increased in vermicompost as compared to livestock manures. Based on obtained results, it could be determined that the vermicompost had an outstanding nutrients availability, established by chemical studies, and confined all the vital macro, micronutrients and less heavy metals....

Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5* 

...r model in MEGA 6.06 package and statistically supported by bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. The amino acid sequences of the antigenic regions of the outer capsid proteins VP8* were compared with vaccine and field strains. Here we show that the VP4 gene of the P[14] strains detected in this study exhibited close identity with zoonotic Moroccan goat and bovine strains. The amino acid sequences of the antigenic regions inside VP8* proteins showed high conserv...

Olotu Titilayo Mabel*, Adeosun Idowu Jesulayomi, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin and Oladipo Elijah Kolawole 

...he susceptibility percentage for each antiviral drug ranged from 82.35% (Tenofovir) to 64.70% (Rilpivirine) while and resistance percentage ranged from 35.29% (Rilpivirine) to 23.52% (Nevirapine). In conclusions, HIV isolates from Nigeria and Sudan have the highest and closest homology. Likewise, it has shown that Tenofovir is the most effective antiviral drug which might be because its nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhib...

Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Humayun Saleem

...ence and severity percentage. However, the presence of black scurf disease in the market shows that in Pakistan the consumers do not consider it as a threat, because it remains in potato peel only. 

...

Naseem Zahra1* and Shajia Jabeen

... or may not be left undamaged depending upon the hulling process. Brown rice may become white rice when the bran layer is exposed of in the milling process. In present era where diseases are common and people are in search of nutritious diet containing minerals and essential compounds, brown rice is found to be healthiest and minerals rich food commodity. Due to its appearance, color and texture it is rarely used. Brown has a meek nutty flavor and may become r...
Muhammad Usman Asif1*, Sadam Hussain Soomro2, Raza Muhammad1, Sikandar Ali Soomro2
...0 SC, Neomed 3 SC and Coragen 20 SC was recorded against 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera under laboratory conditions at their low, recommended and high doses by leaf dip method. The results concluded that significantly high toxicity was shown after treatment with Neomed 3 SC which caused 100 % to the insect at its recommended (200 ml) and high dose (400 ml) after 24 hours of application followed by Voliam Flexi 300 SC causing 66.66 ...

Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Waqas Raza1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Waseem Abbas1, Shehzad Iqbal1 and Ashara Sajid

...osed that PLRV can be managed through resistant varieties and monitoring of aphid population. 

...

Muhammad Raheel Faiz1, Ijaz Ashraf1, Haq Nawaz2, Muhammad Zubair3*, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood4, Sajid Hussain5 and Abdul Qadeer2 

...d union council, one village was selected at random and from each selected village, 20 vegetable growers were selected randomly thus making a sample size of 120 respondents. A well-planned interview schedule was prepared for the collection of data from the selected respondents. The survey showed that major problems of the vegetable production were the labour shortage, high prices of fertil...

Khalid Khan1, Marguerite Wotto2, Saima Liaqat3, Gulawar Khan1, Balach Rasheed1, Sara Rafiq4 and Guo Xiangyu5* 

... tomato growers. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selection of the farmers. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to estimate the technical efficiency and performance of the farmers. The study results disclosed that all explanatory variables have a positive impact on the farmers’ technical efficiency apart from pesticides. Additionally, the average technical performance of the farmer was 85% w...

Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed 

...ere clustered within lineage IV (Asian Lineage) closer to Indian isolates. On the other hand, a number of substitutions were observed at sites considered important for the structural and functional integrity of the N and F protein. All of the conserved regions were same regardless of the gene while the substitutions were seen at different residues other than the conserved domains. However, the analysis based upon the three-d...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola 

...performance of three plumage varieties of Noiler cocks, with a view to helping both the farmers and breeders in selecting the best performing variety for rearing and further genetic improvement. Eighteen cockerels of three plumage colours (brown, black and barred) were divided into 2 replicates with 3 birds per replicate. The study lasted for 38 weeks (Feb.-Nov., 2019). Data were taken on the onset of puberty parameters (
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3 
... 90% efficiency. The average particulate collection efficiency of our proposed ESP reached its peak stable value of 99.1% when tested with applied voltage of 25kV at an air velocity of 0.5 m/s. Moreover, it was observed and shown in this paper that when the voltage was increased beyond 25kV, the efficiency of the design lost its stability due to back corona effect. The filtration system pr...

Amjad Ali1, Awais Salman1, Gul Daraz Khan1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2, Mahmood Alam Khan3 and Sajjad Ahmed

...ption, and irrigation management will shift from emphasizing production per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed. This field experiment was carried out to assess growth and yield responses of turnip to different deficit irrigation levels and sowing dates at Research Farm situated at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with a split-plot arrangement, using thre...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2*, Fiaz Hussain2, Muhammad Umair2, Waqas Aslam2, Muhammad Ameen4, Muhammad Adnan Islam3 and Muhammad Sheraz2 

 

... effect of four soil tillage systems on main crop peanut and wheat + second crop peanut in order to evaluate crop yield, fuel consumption and to perform economic analysis. Two years study results showed that the main crop peanut yields changed between 4331.0 kg ha-1 and 5486.6 kg ha-1, while second crop peanut yields changed between 2670.6 kg ha-1 and 3388.8 kg ha-1. The highest yield for main crop and crop peanut under different tilla...

 Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza

...hwa, Pakistan. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 respondents during 2018. A Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to approximate effect of determinants on potato yield. Major shares of the input cost per acre incurred in the study area were seed (Rs. 18720), followed by land rent (Rs.15890) and labors having an estimated cost of Rs. 14965 respectively. The analysis showed that on average...

 Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...wa. Based on the multi-stage sampling technique, population for the current study, 3 zones from 5 were purposively selected on the basis of their different agricultural condition. Selection of sample size was made using Yamane formula. The number of respondents as per formula was confined to 188 respondents in district Mansehra, 153 respondents in district Swabi and 59 respondents from district Karak, where data were collected randomly. Five point Likert scale...

Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1, Sajjad Hussain2, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif3, Muhammad Zubair1, Muhammad Abdullah Jamil1 and Faheem Khadija1 

...ons for extension in storage period and shelf life. Various fungicides and salts are incorporated in wax to limit postharvest fruit decay and fungal attack. In the present study two salts were incorporated in commercial wax to control postharvest decay in Willow leaf mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Sodium bicarbonate and Potassium sorbate incorporated (6% w/v concentration) in wax were used to compare with co...

I. Erum, K. Nasira, H. Sagir, S. Raza and Firoza, K.

Description of Discolaimus miniodontii n.sp. and Laevides hunderansis n. sp. with notes on Discolaimoides spatilabium (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
...from district Ghizer village, Hunder of Gilgit-Baltistan is characterized by the smallest body (0.7-0.8mm), small moral tooth (7-8 µm), short spicule, gubernaculum and tail length (24, 5, 14µm, respectively) and by the presence of one supplement within the spicular range.

...

Kajol, A. H. Bhat, Aasha and A. K. Chaubey

Biochemical and molecular characterization of Photorhabdus akhurstii associated with Heterorhabditis indica from Meerut, India
...r, the size of the 3rd stages was longer than the topotype populations. Analysis of ITS-rDNA sequences showed 1 nucleotide base pair difference in aligned data with type description, however, no nucleotide base pair difference was seen in the D2D3 domain. The associated bacterial symbiont of the DH3 strain was identified as Photorhabdus akhurstii based on phenotypic, biochemical and 16S rDNA data. Most of the biochemical tests were negative and only three test...

S. Ahmed† , L. Yue, Q. Liu and H. Jian

Evaluation of media for mass production and fermentation of Pseudomonas spp. for integrated management of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...say against the second stage juvenile mortality (J2) of H. avenae. The culture filtrates formed in media No.8 (Corn flour 17g/L, Glucose 10g/L, Soybean Cake Powder 25g/L, Maltose 10g/L, Yeast Extract 5g/L) and media No.5 (Corn flour 5g/L, Yeast Extract 1.5g/L, Fish Peptone 2.5g/L, Soybean Cake Powder 20g/L, Peptone 0.75g/L, KH2PO4 3g/L, CaCO3 0.5g/L, MgSO4 0.3g/L) has more toxic effects on the second stage juvenile (J2) mort...

U. A. Al-Karim, A. A. Alshimaysawe, A. E. Mohammed† , W. A. R. Aljaafri and F. A. Al-Fadhal

Evaluation of biological seed treatments for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton
...l control products to manage and evaluate the development of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton. Tests included seeds treated with the Abamectin, ILeVo, and a non-treated control. Results showed that seed treatment with Abamectin and Burkholderia sp., suppressed the numbers of R. reniformis eggs significantly. Seeds treated with Abamectin and bacteria had fewer vermiform adults in the soil in comparison with the non-treated seeds. The bacteria and Burkholderia...

 M. M. A Youssef and W. M. A. El-Nagdi †

Effect of some temperature changes on the population density of some plant parasitic nematode species
... temperature, and most stages of nematodes may be killed when exposed to temperatures above 40°C (Santmayer,1955). Hence, during the study, the effect of temperature changes during a year representing the all four seasons (autumn, spring, summer and winter) on the numerical fluctuations in the population density of some parasitic nematodes on plants viz., date palm and olive in both soil and roots was investigated. These nematodes were negatively correlate...

Sahib Khan1, Muneeza Wahid2, Muhammad Abeer Irfan1, Muhammad Naeem3, Asma Gul4, Muhammad Haseeb Zafar2

ROW LEVEL IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING EMBEDDED DIGITAL SIGNATURES
..."text-align: justify;">Image forgery detection is one of the most important issues in today’s modern world. It has become very easy to change the contents of digital images with image editing tools and software. This paper is presenting a new technique to detect any changes made in digital images. This technique ensures the integrity of digital im<...

Muhammad Ismail1, Shahid Maqsood1*, Abdul Shakoor2, Feroz Shah2 

DESIGN AND COST ANALYSIS OF MOLD MAKING FACILTY AT GHANI GLASS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY
...br /> for production managers in the industry. The layout problems generally exist in the manufacturing industries. In the
industries the layout problems deals with the facilities like departments, machines etc. As a case study, this paper
presents a machine shop producing molds for local based bottles production industry. The mold making machine
shop capacity is enhanced to fulfill the annual requirement by minimizing travel distance, re...

Muhammad Amjad*1, Abdur Rafai1, Saeed Badshah1, Rafi Ullah Khan1, Sajjad Ahmad1 

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE REAL LIFE LOADINGS ON THE TI-27NB HIP BONE IMPLANT
...rrow. The bone may be damaged
by number of reasons. The objective of this paper is to investigate the real life loading on the Ti-27Nb hip bone
implant by using FEA. The model of the implant was generated using CREO PARAMETRIC software. Two weight
categories 75Kg and 100 Kg with four different daily life activities stand up, sit down, knee bend and walking were
considered in this study. The FEA analysis was performed using commercia...

Muhammad Nafees Khan1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Ullah2, Shehzad Ali Jamshed4 

THE EFFECTS OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ASPECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
... however, struggle to manage performance of their employees. The
key research question which this study set out to answer was to see the effects of tangible and intangible aspects on
employees’ performance. After a detailed review of the literature, list of tangible and intangible aspects were identified.
These aspects were utilized to develop a measure. The findings of the study indicate that organization Lucky
Cement Ltd. Pe...

Kifayat Ullah*1, Tahir Mahmood2, Naeem Jan3, Zeeshan Ali4 

A NOTE ON GEOMETRIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS IN T-SPHERICAL FUZZY ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING
...analyzed and their advantages over existing structures are studied.

...

Riaz Muhammad1*, Naseer Ahmeda, Abdul Basit2, Rizwan Alim Mufti2 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, HARDNESS AND LOAD-INDENTATION DEPTH RESPONSE OF TI-64 USING VICKERS INDENTATION TECHNIQUE
...50 percent of titanium usage in today
modern world high-tech industries subjected to various nature of cyclic loading. This study includes the experimental
assessment of fracture toughness of Ti-64 using indentation technique which is easy and fast experimental techniques.
For this purpose Vickers-indentation technique is employed to report the hardness followed by fracture toughness
evaluation of the studied alloy using indentation...

Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5 

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...eading to severe pier damages. In
this research study, experimental investigation is carried out to find the scouring patterns in terms of scour depth
and its extent in lateral direction for circular and square pier models. For this purpose a number of experiments
were conducted in the physical modeling laboratory of River Engineering and drainage control, USM, Malaysia.
The study shows that the p...

Zeeshan Al Hameed1, Junaid Saleem2*, Syed Sajid Hussain1, Ahsan Abdul Ghani2, Hira Lal2 

STUDY OF INDIGENOUS FLUORSPAR AS METALLURGICAL FLUX
...round one third of its usage is in the form
of metallurgical flux, a key slag fluidizer in steel industry as it increases the fluidity of slag in the ladle furnace.
However, it needs to undergo beneficiation process to get it concentrated before being added into the furnace. In this
study, we report, for the first time in Pakistan, that the indigenous Fluorspar can directly be used as a metallurgical
flux without any beneficiation p...

Daulat Khan1*, Khizar Azam2, Noor Muhammad Khan1, Muhammad Israr1, Naeem Ejaz3 

ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR DISPOSAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEQS CRITERIA AND ITS REUSE FOR IRRIGATION WITH DILUTION
...mium hexavalent with average value of 502.6, 665.6, 267.4, 453.8, 3.1,5.3 0.6, 0.4, 1.4, 0.5, 0.5, 2.15, 0.6 and
0.5 mg/L respectively. TSS, BOD, COD and Mn exceeded the limits of NEQS for all samples.
The same wastewater can be used for irrigation purpose if it fulfills FAO irrigation water criteria. For this
purpose, important properties like SAR, Sodium ratio, Salt Index, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Permeability Index,
Magnesium A...

Samreen Fatima1*, Mudassir Uddin1 

COMPARISON OF ASYMMETRIC GARCH MODELS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR STOCK MARKETS PREDICTION, A CASE STUDY
...g and investigating leverage effect. Secondly,
an Artificial Neural Networks model was developed for the said stock markets. Lastly, forecasting performance of the
FA-GARCH and ANN models both in and out sample were evaluated using root mean square error. In the A-GARCH;
EGARCH (1,1) performed better than PGARCH(1,1) in both stock market data. However, when comparing A-GARCH
with ANN, it was found that ANN gave minimum out sample fo...

Sahib Khan1, Muhammad Naeem2, Tawab Khan3, Nasir Ahmad4* 

4LSB BASED DATA HIDING IN COMPLEX REGION OF DIGITAL IMAGES AND ITS EFFECTS ON EDGES AND HISTOGRAM
...mplex regions of cover image make the use of edges for hiding and communicating secret
information. The complex region in a digital image is the least sensitive to human visual system (HVS) in term of
changes than smooth region. The data hiding in the complex regions affect the edges and the histogram of the image.
These two may cause the existence of hidden informatio...

Nasir Ahmad1*, Jehad Ali2, Khalil Khan3, Muhammad Naeem4, Usman Ali5 

ROBUST MULTIMODAL FACE RECOGNITION WITH PRE-PROCESSED KINECT RGB-D IMAGES
...by combining 2D and 3D images to overcome
the problems of illumination, pose variation and occlusion. Although combining 2D with 3D have shown better results
when compared with 2D images only, however applicability of these methods is inadequate in practical implementations
due to high cost of 3D sensors, therefore we are using the low cost sensor Kinect acquired image...

 M. Ihsan Ul Haq1, Ahmad Hussain2*, Farzana Yasmeen3, Shafiq R. Qureshi4

LIFE CYCLE COSTING AND PAYBACK PERIOD EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM
...ques in the developing stages. Solar energy, passive vacuum and recovery of
latent heat of condensation make this system a sustainable option for desalination. In this paper, economic analysis
of the solar thermal desalination system of saline water is presented. The unit cost of desalinated water is found to
be US$ 0.0147 per litre. The energy and emission payback (EEP) period for vacuum chamber and solar collector
has also been pr...

Muhammad Aamir1*, Riaz Muhammad1, Naseer Ahmed1, Muhammad Sadiq2, Muhammad Waqas3, Izhar1 

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD FREE SOLDER ALLOY FOR GREEN ELECTRONICS UNDER HIGH STRAIN RATE AND THERMAL AGING
...further analyzed using ImageJ
to investigate the Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) particle average size at different aging temperature. Mechanical
properties including Yield strength (YS) and Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) are examined before and after thermal
aging and at different high strain rates from stress-strain curves using universal testing machine (UTM). Results show
that LFS alloys are e...

 Waqas Javaid1*, Adnan Tariq1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Sahar Noor2

AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH FOR CMS DESIGN
...oduction. The main advantage of CMS lies in the effective
grouping of parts into families and machines in to corresponding groups as it results in minimizing the number of
intercellular moves. Over the years, a number of efficient approaches have been developed by researchers to handle
the Cell Formation Problem (CFP). Among these, a large number of approaches consist of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) based techniques. The main advant...

Muhammad Shahzad Khattak*1, Barkatullah1, Ayesha Aziz1, Jamil Ahmad2, Mohammad Sharif3, Mukand Singh Babel4, Muhammad Fahad5

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER MULTI - REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS DURING MID-CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF D. I. KHAN
...y area. The Ensemble average of these four selected models showed an increase in mean
temperature of 2.07 oC and 2.47 oC, and an increase in PPT of 8% and 10% under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively.
Similarly, ETo showed an increase of 17% and 21% under both scenarios. Ensemble seasonal CWR of wheat crop
under RCP 4.5 is projected to be increased by 10%, while under RCP 8.5 it increased by 8%. The CWR of maize
crop is projected to incr...

Khizar Azam1*, Abdul Shakoor1, Shahid Maqsood2, Muddasar Habib3, Muhammad Fahad4, Akhtar Zaib1 

IDENTIFICATION OF SITES FOR ESTABLISHING PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FARMS IN PAKISTAN USING SOLAR GEOMETRY
...atic conditions. The Average solar intensity (I) was calculated by using solar geometry on a daily basis, which
served as the basis for annual projections. It has been found that the best location for building a solar farm is district
QilaSaifullah (I = 9.79 kWh/m2/day) in Baluchistan province. In the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, district Nowshera
(I= 8.06 kWh/m2/day), in Sindh province, district Sukkur (I = 7.9 kWh/m2/day) and in Punjab, ...

Ebtisam Mirza1, Nadeem Ehsan1 

DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT EXECUTION COMPLEXITY INDEX
...any projects. Project management academicians
have conceived a few complexity characterization models but a comprehensive complexity measurement model
encompassing factors of important project constraints i.e. scope, time and cost is still missing. In this research, a
model has been developed to compute PECI (Project Execution Complexity Index) for various categories of projects
considering varying levels of complexity, i.e. PECI(R)...

Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 and Khizar Azam2 

FACTORS IDENTIFICATION FOR COAL BRIQUETTES MANUFACTURING USING STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH
...ng Pakistan.
Shortages of energy resources across the globe have pushed companies to manufacture those products with least
possible costs by using significant factors. Indeed, the role of statistical design of experiment in general and factorial
design in particular is vital in identifying these significant factors in comparison to the conventional techniques. This
paper provides a statistical approach towards manufacturing of coal ...

Rafiullah Khan1, Waseem ur Rahman1, Misbah Ullah2, Kamran Afaq3, Muhammad Amjad1, Sakhi jan1 

AGE EFFECT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIP JOINT BONE: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
...trix binder and soft collagen as reinforcing fibers. As bone supports all the organs of a body so its
mechanical behavior is of prime importance. The mechanical properties of bone varies with age. In this paper, the
effect of age on various mechanical properties of hip joint bone was investigated experimentally. For this purpose
hip joint bone specimens of male bovine ...

Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 

CYCLE TIME OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPERFECT MANUFACTURING SETUP FOCUSING WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY
...tion based on
average cost minimization. However, cycle time optimization has been ignored relatively when processes are imperfect
and inspection as a process is considered. Furthermore, the role of work-in-process inventory with respect to cycle
time has always been significant. Hence, this paper integrates work-in-process inventory and imperfect production
setup in order to optimize cycle time based on aver

Khuram Rashid1, Saroosh Danish2, Muhammad Akram Tahir3 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER TIRES AS FILLER IN CONCRETE
...evaluate the potential usage of waste rubber tires in concrete. Disposal of
tires is a major problem and their accumulation create health and fire hazards. To incorporate waste rubber tires in
construction industry is considered as a sustainable and environment friendly solution. Experiments were designed
by incorporating coarse and fine rubber content as partial substitution of conventional aggregates. Seven mixtures
were proportio...

Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghafoor1, Matiullah Khan1, Zafar Islam1 

IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES POTENTIAL UNDER SURFACE IRRIGATED FARMS IN PAKISTAN
...routine farmer
management in Pakistan. Irrigation performance including application efficiency (AE), Potential Application Efficiency
(PAE), Adequacy (AD) and distribution uniformity (DU), of 17 irrigation events were evaluated and further potential
for improvement by optimising field sizes were identified using surface irrigation evaluation Model WinSRFR 4.1.3.
The study revealed poor irrigation efficiencies, AElq (41% to 82%), PAE...

Yasir Irfan Badrashia1, Qaisar Alia1, Mohammad Ashraf1, Muhammad Rashid1 

SEISMIC DESIGN CHARACTERIZATION OF RC SPECIAL MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES IN PAKISTAN-FIELD SURVEY TO LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
...ntified deficiencies. Damage
patterns and hysteretic force-deformation behavior of these models is presented and the performance of the two
specimens is compared. The study found that moderate to high deficiencies exist between design specifications and
construction practices for the construction of RC buildings in Pakistan. The study also concluded that significant
loss of strength and ductility is observed between code-compliant a...

Nazish Huma Khan1, Mohammad Nafees1, Adila Bashir1, Farooq Ahmad1 

STUDY OF POLLUTION LAOD IN PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS AND ITS RECYCLING BY SUNDRY PLANTS AT HAYATABAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, PESHAWAR
...rial discharges with average range of 1-3, 2.1-3.2 and 1.01-2.3mg/L respectively. The effluents were recycled
in sundry plants for manufacturing paper board/gatta. Analysis of recycled water reduced the levels of analyzed
parameters upto low limits as pH(7.1-7.4), EC(336-345uS/cm), Alkalinity(425-580mg/L), Turbidity(140-154NTU),
TDS(570-600mg/L), TSS(300-332mg/L), COD(210-200.3mg/L), BOD5 (125-132 mg/L). It was observed that huge
qu...

Sajjad Ali1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Mohammed Sharif2, Hamad Khan1, Asmat Ullah3,
Abdul Malik1 

PREDICTING FUTURE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION OVER PAKISTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
...um possible spatial coverage, a total of 16
climatic stations in Pakistan were selected. Results indicated a temperature departure in the range of 1.3-2.7°C for
the mid century period, and a temperature departure in the range of 2.3-5.3°C for the end century period. Among
different provinces of Pakistan, Gilgit Baltistan, Northern and Southern Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and central
Balochistan are likely to be subjected to g...

Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3 

EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
...spite its manifold advantages, the rubbing
fastness and fabric stiffness of pigment dyed fabrics in deeper shades is doubtful, hence needed further exploration.
The effect of various parameters i.e. finish type and concentration were taken in to consideration along different modes
of application on the abrasion resistance and flexural rigidity of fabrics. As regards the type of finish, the effect of
U-V absorber and Pekoflam OP flam...

Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2 

DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
...in the output
voltage. The overall output noise including thermal and flicker noise of the complete design at high frequencies is
as low as -213 db at 4GHz. The proposed design provides ahigh output voltage swing of 1.4V while operating at
1.5V supply voltage. The design has been implemented in 1P-9M UMC 90nm CMOS technology. Simulations show
the effectiveness o...

Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1 

DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
...d sinusoidal behavior, usage of
these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and
high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable
and accurate and are increasingly used for accelerometers calibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical
shakers, electromagnetic shakers can produce rando...

Faisal Shabbir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir* 

INVESTIGATION OF USING PAPER INDUSTRY WASTE (HYPO SLUDGE) IN CONCRETE MIX
...by increasing the percentage of WPSA. The addition of WPSA results in a lighter concrete. 

...

Rahim Haider*, Al Mustaan Kakar*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Aamir Sikandar* 

DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMIZED MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE FLEET
...rvice industry. Fleet management plays a substantial
role in an organization’s growth. Maintenance of vehicle fleet is critical in terms of cost, availability and customer
satisfaction. The major cause for delays is inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures. To avoid major market
losses, an efficient maintenance model is required. This research proposed a maintenance system that integrates the
flow of information by i...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Tashfeen Ali*, Khubroo Jamil* 

DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW VOLTAGE AC TO DC CONVERTER FOR MESO AND MICRO ENERGY HARVESTERS
...ers generated
voltage levels are sinusoidal or random in nature, moreover, the output voltage levels these produce are in
low (in mV range). For sensor operation, in order to convert this low AC voltage levels into relatively high DC
voltage DC, a three stage Cockcroft Walton converter is developed...

Hassan Nasir*, Rashid Rehan,** Rizwan Younis,*** Fazal Mabood,**** Salman Saeed,**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam** 

MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL
.../> many construction managers – especially in Pakistan, rely on their intuition and judgement based on past
experience to select their construction machinery fleet configuration. This approach is obviously subjective and prone
to inefficient utilization of resources. Computer-based tools, such as simulation models, have the potential to greatly
benefit the construction mangers in their routine tasks. This paper presents a unique sim...

Hamza Tariq1, Imran Hayat1, Saima Rafiq1*, Aqsa Qayyum2 and Sohrab Qayyum1 

...eady-to-serve (RTS) beverage by the combination of different ratios of apple and autumn olive juice (T1= Apple 100% + Autumn olive 0%, T2 = Apple 80% + Autumn olive 20%, T3= Apple 60% + Autumn olive 40%, T4 = Apple 40% + Autumn olive 60%, T5 = Apple 20% + Autumn olive 80%, T6 = Apple 0% + Autumn olive 100%) and to study its physico-chemical profile (pH, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, vitamin C), antioxi...

Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain 

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...t of country. Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-making. The important concerns include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of allied contractors, and larger operat...

Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain 

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...t of country. Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-making. The important concerns include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of allied contractors, and larger operat...

 Mahmood Alam Khan, Afzal Munir, Muahmmad Shahzad Khattak, Daulat Khan, Muhammad Ajmal

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...and current pattern of usage are threats to human welfare, livelihood, development, and for the life itself, in the coming years. The main objective of this study was to quantify the ground water recharge due to rainfall on yearly basis of Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was used to estimate the runof...

Muhammad Amir, Syed Waqar Shah, Michael J. Pont 

FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CAN-BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
...flexibility and fault-management in CAN-based “Shared-Clock” architectures”, published in the Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems (Volume 37, 2013, issue 1, pages 9-23) which was concerned with fault-management on embedded level. In this paper, we intend to show that the use of a Port Guardian (PG) mechanism can also improve fault-manage<...

Sajjad Hussain, Nisar Mohammad, Zahid Ur Rehman, Noor Mohammad, Ishaq Ahmad, Naseer Muhammad Khan, Salim Raza 

EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...s like grinding time, dosage of pH, cyanidation time, dosage of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and dosage of lime Ca (OH)2 were optimized. The samples were subjected to differential grinding time varying from 20 to 35 minutes, pH of slurry adjusted from 9 to 11 by adding Ca (OH)2 from 0.5 to 1.5 gm/kg , dosage of NaCN varies from 0.1% to 0.02 % and cyanidation...
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
...insecticides for pest management. The present experiment was therefore, designed to look for the effect of some new insecticides (cyhalothrin, nitenpyram, emamectin benzoate) applied at flowering stage of sunflower (variety Hysun-33). After three days of pesticides application, Apis mellifera was exposed to insecticides, placing three honey bee colonies in the center of each plot in the field. Four frames from each colony an...

Anjum and Ahmad Khan*

Phenology, Crop Stand and Biomass of Wheat in Response to Farmyard Manure and Soil Amendments
...t and actinomycetes. Average over years, the maximum days to anthesis (126 days), physiological maturity (154 days) and enhanced emergence (9 days) were observed with 20 Mg FYM ha-1. The emergence m-2 (126), leaf area tiller-1 (107 cm2), plant height (96.5 cm) and biomass (11783 kg ha-1) were improved with 20 Mg FYM but were non-significantly different from plots having 15 Mg FYM ha-1 over two years averaged data. Among the ...

Asif Nawaz1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1, Rehmat Ullah1, Arshad Farooq2 and Abdul Hassan2

Assessment of Weed Management Competency of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...unity regarding weeds management. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the weeds management competency level of Field Assistants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agriculture Extension Department. Data from 234 randomly selected Field Assistants were collected through pre-tested and validated interview schedule to achieve study objectives. Results showed that highest ranked weeds management compet...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
 
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
...o investigated. A four-stage sampling procedure was used to select 205 respondents on whom an interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics, Probit Regression Analysis and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, were used to analyse data. Result reveals that the farmers were mostly males (71.2%), middle-aged (50.7years,) with an average of 28 years of farming experience. ...

Inamullah Khan1*, Amjad Usman2  and Rahamdad Khan2

The Mortality Rate of Pupae and Adult of Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) Affected by Different Submerging Time and Soil Types under the Laboratory Treatment
... time under water, pupal age and soil types on mortality and rate of emergence of fruit flies pupae to adult stage. Pupae of Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett at different ages by hour i.e., 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 (hrs) were submerged underwater for (1 and 24 hrs). The rate of pupal emergence to adult stage and mortality was investigated. Results showed th...

Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2 

Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...ticipant in livestock management at the domestic level and supporting rural livelihoods with the provision of multiple products for consumption and sale. However, the question arises that women’s participation in livestock management has some relation to their empowerment or it is not a debatable issue. To address the issue, this research is carried out in the tribal areas of Pakistan for which data were collected from...

Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4

Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...armer’s education, age, farming experience, extension service facility and land tenancy considerably effects profit efficiency of rice producers. Therefore, the efficiency of rice farmers can be improved through increase in the number of educated people in farming system, and the enrichment of extension services in the rural areas.

...

Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4

Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...the government should manage the interest free loans, provide loans at earliest, shortest possible and at proper time, the government should need to increase the average size of the microfinance loans and create awareness through media.

...

 Farid Ullah Khan*, Atal Khattak*

DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER MANAGEMENT CIRCUIT FOR MICROENERGY HARVESTERS
...e development a power management circuit (PMC) for micro energy harvesters. The circuit

is design to regulate the power between three different power sources for the operation of a wireless sensor nodes
(WSNs). The main components of the circuit are resistors (carbon film), capacitors (electrolytic), inductors (ferric
bead, axial leaded), and a DC voltage regulators (TPS62100DRC-BRR). The la...

 Dr. Taimur Usman*, Dr. Rashid Rehan*, Dr. Salman Saeed*

QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
...
transit demand management. While focusing on educational institutes across North America, this research quantitatively
analyzes the effects of UPass on transit ridership for the first time. In general, an increase of 50 % has been
observed in transit ridership due to UPass implementation and all the cities where UPass was implemented experienced
a positive change in transit ridership trends. The developed models are d...

Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
... General purpose strain gages were installed on front and back side
of each plate in full wheat stone bridge form and were connected to Data acquisition system (DAQ) to record deflection.
Lab calibration was carried out to determine the value of strain for each load applied through Universal
testing machine (UTM). Load verses strain graph was developed for each load cell which was used to interpret the
value of l...

 Sikandar Afridi*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Nasim Ullah***, Gulzar Ahmad**, Muhammad Shafi**

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS MERGED WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
...al PCA the size of the image is first reduced by taking the DWT of it. After applying
the DWT the facial features of the image are extracted by calculating the Eigenface of the image with size already
reduced by taking DWT. As a result of this process the size of database will reduce to one-fourth of the conventional
PCA in which the facial features are ...

 Akhtar Nawaz*, Sahar Noor*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Afzal Khan*, Shahid Rashid**, Rehman Akhtar*

METHODOLOGY FOR POSITIONING MULTIPLE DECOUPLING POINTS IN HYBRID MANUFACTURING SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEM
...ctors which influence management
of the supply chain networks and cost of the product. To respond to a given lead time, manufacturing firms need to
adjust their supply chain networks and design an effective interface for decoupling points in the supply chain based
on the cost to be incurred. In this paper, a modified cost model is proposed for a hybrid supply chain networks of
a manufacturing firm which is applie...

 Faisal Shabbir*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*

EFFECT OF COCONUT FIBER AND MARBLE WASTE ON CONCRETE STRENGTH
...s using different percentages of cement, CF
and MD. It has been found that the combination affects the strength of concrete. It was observed that a total of 5%
replacement of cement with CF and MD produced an increase in strength. More replacement results in a decrease in
strength. Results showed that CF and MD can act as partial cement replacement, when used in specific proportions.
...

 Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**

ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...using SPOT-5 satellite imagery. We specifically considered
tobacco as our pilot crop and compared the obtained results with manually delineated calculations. For
this research SPOT-5 imagery of 2.5m spatial resolution, was provided by Space and Upper Atmosphere Research
Commission (SUPARCO), space agency of Pakistan. After preprocessing, which is a prepa...

Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...teps. In preprocessing stage, Circular Hough Transform and Canny Edge
Detector are employed for iris segmentation, while for iris normalization and feature extraction, the Rubber Sheet
Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris
patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. The evaluation results on CASIA V.1
datase...

Waqas Anwar1*, Iftikhar Hussain1

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
....
Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-
making. The important concerns include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult
terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability
of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of ...

 Mahmood Alam Khan1*, Afzal Munir1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal1

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...div>current pattern of usage are threats to human welfare, livelihood, development, and for the life itself, in the coming
years. The main objective of this study was to quantify the ground water recharge due to rainfall on yearly basis of
Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting
runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) m...

 Muhammad Amir*1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Michael J. Pont2

FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
...flexibility and fault-management issues since they were introduced. The easiest way out of such issues
is to adopt the more flexible/fault-manageable but expensive protocols such as the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP)
and FlexRay. Looking at the cost-effective nature of CAN and its widespread use, we started working on making
such SC architectures more flexible and fault-man

 Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,

Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
...on process depends on dosage of each parameter. In present research work the extraction
of gold and silver by cyanidation process from shoughur area of district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was carried
out at laboratory scale. The three representative samples ground at time 25, 30 to 35 minutes and roasted at 650 oc
for 1 hour were subjected to agitation cyanidation process at varying dosage

 Khizar Azam*, Abdul Shakoor*~ Afzal Khan*, Riaz Akbar Shah*~ Shaukat Ali Shah·

IDENTIFICATION OF VITAL VEHICLE MECHANICAL DEFECTS CAUSING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN PAKISTAN
...t-asian: normal;">average tyre burst is 17.36%

 Fcroz Shah*~ Mohammad A. Irfan**, Rizwan Gul*~ Abdul Shakoor*

ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR NUMERICAL DETECTION OF HOT SPOTS IN CASTING GEOMETRY
...t-asian: normal;">averaged values for all the vectors are computed for each iteration. The new point is moved relative to the previous point depending upo...

 Farid Ullah Khan·

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF VIBRATION-BASED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HARVESTER DUE TO REDUCED AIR DAMPING
...normal;">the load voltage and load power delivered to a load resistance of 1000 increases from 46.3 to 79.4

 Muhammad Khurram Ali*, Raft Javed Qureshi**, Mirza Jahanzaib***

SELECTING FACILITY LOCATION USING HYBRID METHODOLOGIES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF CEMENT PLANT
...ibution for strategic managers of the cement sector being an aid tomake confident global decisions.

...

 Abdul Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shakir**, Muhammad Jamal Khan***, Muhammad Latif**, Zia-ul-Haq*

YIELD RESPONSE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR BEET IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT UNDER DIFFERENT DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES
...iency were improved. Average root yield for full irrigation was found as 59.75 tonnes ha-J where for 60 % deficit irrigation root yield was 32.02 tonees OO-J• Average sugar content for full irrigation was 14.14%, and for 60 % deficit irrigation sugar content was 16%. Where, the root water use efficiency was in the range of 8.13 for full irrigation to 10.87 kg m-3 for 60% deficit irrigation. The sugar water use efficienc...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Sheraz Ali Khan*

A SMART STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC ELECTRIC POWER GENERATORS
...t and prolonged power outages in Pakistan have resulted in an increased reliance on alternate sources of backup power, such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS), Solar-cell systems and household electric generators. The startup and shutdown ofmost ofthe household electric generators is manual, which renders them less convenient as compared to the UPS and Solar-cell systems. A fUlly automatic electrical generator that starts and shuts down itself without any u...

Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭

EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...flotation, depressant dosage 0.10kg/ton, and collector dosage of 1.2 kg/ton. Talc concentrate at recovery of about 60 - 70% with a grade of 92.50% from an ore containing about 50 to 70% talc was obtained. The final concentrate was treated with various leaching reagents. Dilute HCl (30%) + stannous chloride (300 ppm) gave better results. It reduced iron content from 4.37% in the concentrate...

Shahida Nasreen Zakir*, Samina Siddiqui**, Nasreen Ghaffar*

MAJOR ELEMENTS CONCENTRATIONS IN CALCAREOUS SOILS
... an improved nutrient management in such a manner that soil contact of P, K and Fe can be minimized.
...
Khizar Azam٭, Abdul Shakoor٭, Riaz Akbar Shah٭, Afzal Khan٭, Shaukat Ali Shah٭,
Muhammad Shahid Khalil٭٭
COMPARISON OF FATIGUE RELATED ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES ON THE NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN
...fatigue-related. The average percentage of fatigue related RTC on Motorways was 28%, however on National Highways (N-5) it was found to be 10%. Fatigue-related RTC is thus more prevalent on the Motorways. It was also discovered that fatigue-related RTC result in mostly fatal accidents on the Motorway (54%) and serious injuries on N-5 (41%).
...

Gul Rukh*, Iftikhar Khan* M. Naeem Arbab*, Uzma Nawaz*

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFICIENT MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME FOR LOW HEADS
...ble to run a farm in villages where electricity supply is not available and where cost of transmission and distribution is high. The location where it has been installed and tested is village Kandar, Tehsil Mathra, Peshawar. The present project is compared with the existing and is much cost-effective and highly efficient.
...

M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*

INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
...water distribution, Shortage of water during peak crop water requirements, tempering of insufficient funds for proper maintenance and high sediment loads in canals are worth mentioning issues. In this paper the performance of Lower Bari Doab Canal with emphasis on sediment transport analysis has been investigated using field data. The performance of canal has been discussed using delivery performance ratio (DPR) a well known performance indicator. The sediment...

Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Rawid Khan**, Bashir Alam**, Khan Shahzada**, Muhammad Javed**

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL SLOPE IN SWABI, PAKISTAN
...ftware of Geo studio package were used for analysis under both dry and completely saturated conditions. Pseudo-static approach was used for the seismic stability analysis. The peak ground acceleration value for stability analysis was obtained from the seismic hazard analysis. Two soil slope conditions were considered, and one was found in critical condition. Retaining wall, Soil nails and ground anchors were assumed in the analysis for stability of slope with ...

Syed Farasat Ali Shah*, Amjad Naseer**, Rashid Rehan**

USE OF RUBBER WASTE IN CONCRETE TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION- AN OVERVIEW
... means to effectively manage such waste. Tyre wastes have no exception; it cannot be readily recycled or reused. They are dumped in open grounds around the world. In Pakistan they pose a bigger threat as they are burnt, which results in emission of harmful gases in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to reuse these rubber wastes to reduce environmental pollution. Rubber wastes can be used in concrete as a partial replacement of aggregates resulting in l...

M. Nafees*, Bushra Khan*, Robina Naz*

STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY IN STEEL RE-ROLLING MILL WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH NOISE LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE
...ll sections with the average value of 67 °C and 39°C respectively, which exceeds OSHA limit of 25-30 °C for comfortable working temperature. The average noise level at furnace section was satisfactory but that at the re-rolling mill was found to be 102 dB, whereas OSHA has set the limit to be 92 dB for 6 hours work shift. A pair-wise t-test indicated that the noise level at all factory zones was significantly dif...

Muhammad Imran Ahmad*, Nan Zhang**, Megan Jobson**, Muhammad Younas*, Kamran Ghani***

DELUMPING PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS IN DISTILLATION USING A SHORT-CUT MODEL
...s at conceptual design stage. A methodology for prediction of detailed product distribution for distillation processes using short-cut calculations of distillation is developed in this work. The proposed delumping procedure is explained in this paper, and an illustrative example is presented to elucidate the application in modeling of distillation using short-cut calculation methods. The proposed methodology helps retain molecular informati...

Gulzar Ahmad*, Sahibzada Faheem*, Amjad Ullah*, Waqar Shah*, S.M. Majid Ashraf*

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
...valuated in terms of average symbol error under various ranges of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) probabilities. A three node system i.e. source, relay and destination, placed on the edges of equilateral triangle, has been proposed using Maximal ratio Combiner (MRC) method by combining signals from source and relay at destination point. The transmission path is modeled as a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading in the presence of additive whi...

Muhammad Irfan*, Saeed Gul*, Mohammad Younas*

SOLAR STILL PERFORMANCE FOR SEA WATER PURIFICATION: A STATISTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
...ater depth in still, average day temperature and average water temperature in still were studied experimentally and verified statistically though ANOVA (analysis of variance). It was found that the water temperature in the still is the most significant parameter that largely affects the evaporation rate. The fresh water with 240 mg/L dissolved salt has been extracted from the model sea water having dissolved s...

Mumtaz Shah*, Hashim Nisar Hashmi* Naeem Ejaz* Abdul Razzaq Ghumman*

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
...: justify;">Municipal Sewage of Taxila was selected for evaluation and comparison of the performance of three aquatic macrophytes regarding sewage treatment. A bench scale laboratory model was developed and used for experimentation. Six experimental runs were conducted and each run laps over thirty (30) days. In each experimental runcontinuous monitoring of municipal sewage was d...

Asif Nawaz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Rehmat Ullah, Khalid Nawab and Urooba Pervaiz

Investigation of Professional Competency Level and Training Needs of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
... justify;">The extension agents have significant contribution in providing effective extension services to the farming community. Therefore, it is vital for administration and management of the extension organizations to investigate competency level of their staff so that training can be provided to them for successful execution of extension tasks. Hence, this study was designed with objective to inspect professional compete...

Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4

Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits
...n soil to avoid frost damage) and fresh cane (directly obtained after harvesting of standing crop) stalk segments i.e. upper, middle, lower and 33 % (having upper + middle + lower cane portions in uniform proportion of 33) each mixed portions of cane were allotted to the main plots, whereas sub plots were given to methods of setts placement (single, one and half, double and three setts (sugarcane stem portion with three buds) each 40 cm. Fertilizer was applied...

Sajad Ali1*, Jangraiz Khan2, Arshadullah Jadoon3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Abid Khan1

Evaluation of Farmers Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Tomato Output in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...hwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage-sampling technique and interview method were adopted for data collection. A sample of 160 tomato (Kharif) growers was drawn from 16 villages of district Peshawar. Chi-Square and Pearson Rank correlation tests were employed to find out the association and correlation between level of productivity and socio-economic characteristics of tomato growers such as education level, work involvement, family...

Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3

Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
... factors affecting the usage of mobile phone in vegetable production. Out of four, two tehsils from district were selected by using simple random sampling, then four union councils from each tehsil and three villages from each union council, also selected at random. Due to the limitations of study such as time and financial support five farmers from every village were selected to make a to...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...rs of prevalence include age group, gender, financial status, clinical symptoms, and travel history. The sandflies also collected and identified. Out of 350 sandflies two genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were reported, P. segenti was most abundant specie and a strong positive linear correlation exists between sandflies collected and the patients reported from the area. It was observed that as the number of sandflies increased, the numbe...
Sumaira, Ali Mujtaba Shah*, Ghulam Asghar Solangi, Ifra Anwar, Qudratullah Kalwar 
...ti-carcinogenic and anti-ageing. Besides, camel milk contains abundant proteins which are conductive to improve the immunity functions. Thus, it is necessary to illuminate the beneficial impact of camel milk and its composition. 
 

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...lyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Based on the results, it is concluded that majority of the farmers were not willing to adopt IFS due to their traditional perceptions. Those farmers have constraints such as little or no access to information for integrated farming system. Strong association was observed between awareness for better farming choices and preferred farming practices that shows Extension intervention is required to encour

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...lyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Based on the results, it is concluded that majority of the farmers were not willing to adopt IFS due to their traditional perceptions. Those farmers have constraints such as little or no access to information for integrated farming system. Strong association was observed between awareness for better farming choices and preferred farming practices that shows Extension intervention is required to encour
Muhammad Khalid1,2, Samrah Masud2, Zara Naeem2, Muhammad Munir Shahid3, Ammar Danyal Naeem2, Abir Ishtiaq2 and Muhammad Naeem2*
 
Length-weight and Length-length Relationships of Farmed Catla catla during Winter Season from Muzaffargarh, Pakistan
...logists and fisheries management. 

...

Mohammad Aslam Khan*, Samiullah* and Zulfiqar Ali*

DYNAMICS OF URBAN SPATIAL GROWTH AND PLANNING: A CASE STUDY OF PESHAWAR
...ocuments and satellite images. The analysis shows that the city has been growing at a rapid pace adding about 500 ha of land annually in recent years and in the absence of planning control has seen tremendous urban sprawl. The pattern of development of urban sprawl in Peshawar is typical of most Pakistani major cities, where ribbon sprawl is common along major roads, while leapfrog sprawl is prevalent in the city’s fringes. The uncont...

Usman Ghani*, Naeem Ijaz* and Daulat Khan**

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
...ty and Reynolds averaged Navior Stokes equations using a finite volume based numerical code. The turbulence closure was achieved through standard k - turbulence model. A comparison of simulated primary depth averaged velocities and conveyance capacities of main channel with experimental results were made and good agreement was achieved. The simulations were also made for stream-wise velocities and seco...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Usman Ghani* and Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION TO CHECK THE FEASIBILITY OF COMPOSTING FOR SMALL CITIES IN DEVELOPING WORLD: A CASE STUDY OF TAXILA CITY
...from poor solid waste management were investigated. In the next stage of investigation, focal area was further subdivided into three neighbourhoods while considering the population and living standards of dwellers, with these zones named as poor, average, and rich. A total of fifty, thirty and fifteen sampling sites are selected from each of these zones respectively. Solid w...

Feroza Arshad*, Aftab Ahmed Memon**, Muhammad Aslam Uqaili** and Arshad Habib Malik*

SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL ROBUST INTELLIGENT CASCADED REACTIVITY CONTROLLER FOR CANDU REACTOR
... providing complete coverage of moderator level, low log and steam pressure modes of CANDU reactor and found excellent within the desired control bands.

 

...

Sajid Ullah Butt, Aamer Ahmed Baqai, Syeda Naela Fatima, Hasan Aftab Saeed

MATERIAL HANDLING COST CONSIDERATION IN PROCESS PLAN SELECTION FOR RECONFIGURABLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
...y included are machine usage, tool usage, machine change, tool change costs etc. All the parameters related to these costs become a part of the process plans. The focus of this research is to include material handling equipment such as transport and positioning equipment in the process plans and hence, to include their usage cost in the overall mathematical model. This will lead to a more ...
Faheem Ali1, Muhammad Amir1, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1
AN SVC BASED POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR CONSUMERS CONNECTED TO WEAK BUSSES IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
...sp;consumers go with voltage stabilizers as a cheap solution consequently overstressing weak busses. Industrial consumers use other alternatives like switched capacitor banks to cope with low power factor but the limitation is step-wise reactive power injection which does not meet the changing load requirements. Real time improvement requires constant monitoring and real-time injection of Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VAR) which is possible with the help of a Sta...

Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...dents in five sample villages along Chora River and its tributaries were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire which covered approximately 20% of the total households. Respondents’ perceptions were investigated about the occurrence of flash floods, flood damages, nature of affinity towards flood prone areas and adaptation strategies. Cartographic and statistical techniques were applied to process and analyze ...

 Gulzar Ahmad1, M. Inayatullah Babar2

AN EFFICIENT PATCH ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED BANDWIDTH FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS
...ent methods were engaged to expand its bandwidth from 9.07GHz to 13.13GHz. The reflection coefficient of -45dB at the central frequency, a gain of 7dBi and total efficiency of 0.99 have been demonstrated by this proposed design of the patch antenna. This novel structured wide band and high efficient antenna can be engaged in various types of wireless applications in near future.

...

 Qazi Salman Khalid1, Muhammad Abas1, Mudassar Rauf2, Mirza Jahanzaib2, Shahid Maqsood1

HYBRID PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR SCHEDULING IN CELLULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEM- A CASE STUDY
... and maximization of average machine cell utilization. Implementation of proposed algorithm had increased the utilization from 65% to 82 % while minimized the WIP to 6 parts from 25parts.

...

 Majid Ashraf, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Tariqullah Jan

EFFICIENT ROUTING SCHEME FOR UNIDIRECTIONAL LINKS IN MULTI-HOP NETWORKS
... routing protocols to manage unidirectional links shows that our proposed ARR scheme is superior to the AODV and AODV-Blacklist.

...

 Muhammad Qasim Khan1*, Syed Athar Masood1 and Shahzad Naeem Qureshi2

REFORMULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATIONS
...top, middle and lower management of public sector automobile rebuilt organizations. Data from a total of two hundred and sixty-two respondents representing twenty-one different automobile rebuild organizations was compiled through quantitative survey and analyzed statistically through SPSS. Results implied that public sector automobile rebuild organizations due to certain peculiar characteristics possess low productivity and essentially require a dis...

 Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1

A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...eactive Power –Voltage) droop characteristic for the correction of reactive power sharing error. Moreover, the parameters of droop and PI controller of inner control loop are optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to obtain high precision and reliability. The proposed technique has the following salient features: Accurately shares the reactive power without the information of feeder line impedances/ This accurate reactive powe...

 Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3

MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...y. The shapes of spray images of two fuels were almost similar. However, B20 exhibited larger ‘L’ and ‘β’ due to higher initial velocity and mass of droplet, compared with diesel. This indicates that relative to diesel fuel, B20 has a stronger impact on the spray performance, and thus improves both ‘L’ and ‘β’. During the earlier phase of time after start of injection, the relative d...

Abdul Shakoor1, R.A. Sayed2, Khizar Azam2

KNOWLEDGE BASE TECHNOLOGIES AS A NEW PARADIGM IN DATA DRIVEN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
... in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) environment. This paper describes the development of Knowledge Base System (KBS) to select process for making circular shapes and explores the manufacturability of the required designed product. The KBS is an expert system, used to select the suitable process and cutting tools by defining the constraint values into the system. The KBS is designed using E2KS, the state of the art software and knowledge ...

Amjad Ali1, Hong Luo1, Khalid Saifullah Syed2, Muhammad Ishaq2

A PARALLEL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN CODE FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOWS ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS
...nd mesh partitioning package METIS. Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) message passing parallel programming model has been employed, by making use of the de-facto industry standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. Favorable parallelization characteristics of the discontinuous Galerkin scheme have been exploited for hiding the communications behind the computations.&...

 Iftikhar Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1

CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMICS WALL TILES USING LOCAL TALC AS A FLUXING AGENT
... increase in talc percentage which drastically boosted fired strength, stabilized thermal shrinkage, thermal expansion to an optimum level and controlled the excessive water absorption. All these properties variations are in favor of good and free of defects wall tiles. The use of talc indicated that a normal strength (200-220 kg/cm2) can be acquired using 20% talc even at lower temperature of 1030-1050&d...

 Arshad Ali1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2

TREATMENT FEASIBILITY OF THE BLEACHING EFFLUENT OBTAINED FROM NSSC PULP AND PAPER MILL IN A UASB REACTOR
... slightly lower. The average biogas gas production in reactors R-I and R-II during the course of study was observed as 0.19L/g-CODremoved and 0.32L/g-CODremoved, respectively, with mean methane composition of 58-60% in both the reactors. The results of this study suggest that the use of methanol and an activated carbon in a UASB reactor to biodegrade the bleaching effluent of NSSC pulp and paper mill at mesophilic temperature and neutral pH reac...

 Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**

CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...ncrease in cellular coverage area. Thus, a trade-off between capacity improvement and reduction in cell-size is suggested.
...

 Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
... monitor, control and manage water allocations to better utilize water resources, minimize wastage and predict hazards. The first step to all of this is to have accurate information of the catchment areas, so that in coordination with concerned departments, modeling and predictions of futuristic results is possible which will yield better decision making leading to fructifying outcome. Physical hydrologic...
Kadir Karakuş1, Turgut Aygün2, Şenol Çelik3, Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Muhammad Ali4, Majed Rafeeq4 and Farhat Abbas Bukhari4
... such as birth type, dam age, lamb’ age in control and live weight on testis characteristics were also researched. The furthest importance sequence was obtained for testis length (TESLENG) (100%), followed by age, testis diameter (TDIA), age in control (DAGE), birth weight (BW), around scrotum (SCC), scrotum leng...

Parakriti Gupta1, Kapil Goyal2 and Mini Pritam Singh3*

Hepatitis E Virus and Zoonosis
...ets contaminated with sewage. However, the mode of acquisition of infection is different in developed nations with good sanitary conditions where the infection is a zoonosis. Though the virus has only one serotype, 8 genotypes have been documented. Out of these, HEV 1 and 2 have been reported from developing countries and are transmitted mainly through faeco-oral route while HEV 3 and 4 are reported from developed countries and the infection is acquired by hum...
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
... LSD and its clinical management at different house-holds at south-west region of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected from the two upazila (Monirampur and Abhaynagar) at Jessore district. A total of 52 small house-holds and 183 cattle were observed the study period from 15 June to 15 August 2019. LSD was diagnosed on the basis of present clinical signs guided by the OIE manual. All data were analyzed by Epi Info 7 and S...

Mehwish Liaquat1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Muhammad Ishaq1, Hafiz Muhammad Qasim Ashraf2 and Ismara Naseem

...were observed at 30 days aged seedlings in coco peat media. The experiment was executed according to completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data. Significant changes were observed in growth parameters among different tomato varieties. Data were collected on germination percentage after two days interval. The results revealed that the germination percent

Hina Imtiaz1*, Salma Khalid2, Kashaf Riaz1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Zubair Rehman

...ling and proper waste management were carried out through self-administered questionnaires. In order to observe coagulant effect according to Pakistan National Environmental Quality (Standards (Pak-NEQS), the collected samples were treated in the laboratory for identification and recommending suitable coagulant. Three different treatments were practiced i.e. Alum, Lime and Alum+ Lime. For alum, lime and alum + lime the settling time interval was 40, 35 and 20 ...

Uzma Arif1, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2, Muhammad Fareed Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi

...tion behavior during storage of carrot seeds was assessed by subjecting them to controlled-ageing for different temperatures and incubation time during 2016 at Seed Preservation Laboratory, Bio-resources Conservation Institute, NARC, Islamabad. Forced seed ageing was carried out at 25, 30, 35 and 40°C for Day-one (D1) through day-six (D6) of incubation period. Observations were recorde...
Sinan Uzundumlu1, Yesim Buyukates1,*, Murat Yigit2, Musa Bulut2,  Rıdvan Kaan Gurses1 and Barbaros Celikkol3
...ucted in a copper alloy cage fish farm to observe the environmental properties of the marine system. Water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, chlorophyll-a and inorganic nutrients such as NO2+NO3, NH4, PO4 and SiO2 were observed between May 2014 and September 2014 in the study area. The observed results were compared with acceptable limits pronounced in ...

Muhammad Usama Hameed*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Sajjad Khan and Allah Bakhsh 

...veloped at Fodder and Forage Research Program, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. This variety was selected from material imported from New Zealand for better agronomic characters and improved fodder yield. For initial two years (2006-07 and 2007-08) selections were made, and head-to-row method was used to reduce hetrozygosity. In 2009-10 and 20010-11, this line was evaluated in preliminary yield trials, where it produced aver

Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen

...ite-specific nutrient management after assessing the micronutrient status at a particular site. This study was conducted to quantify and visualize the spread of plant available micronutrients in district Mandi Bahauddin. Total 1194 georeferenced soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15cm maintaining a sampling grid cell size of 10-acres (40469 m2) throughout the sampling area. These samples were analyzed for plant available Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (...
Guang-Hui Tan, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin, Lei Wu and Jie-Zhang Li
...Diplotype H1H1 was advantageous for the improvement of meat quality. Therefore, our data suggested that two novel SNPs: CDS 216 A>G and CDS 681 T>A in CYP7A1 gene were potential candidate markers for improving meat quality. It also provides reference data for early breeding and selection of Tianzhu Black Muscovy. 

 

...

Haiyan Yang1, Hongxia Liu1, Wenlong Wu1*, Weilin Li2 and Lianfei Lyu

...t (LWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, protein, soluble sugar, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves of ‘Hull Thornless’ were investigated. In the treatment group, water stress significantly increased EL, and the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, protein, soluble sugar, H2O2 ...
Roni Koneri1*, Meis Nangoy2 and Pience V. Maabuat1
...and can serve as control agents of agricultural insect pests. Dragonflies can be used as bioindicators for evaluating environmental changes in long-term studies (biogeography) and short-term studies (conservation biology). This research study was aimed to analyse the composition and diversity of dragonflies in Tunan Waterfall area, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted from March 2018 to May 2018 at at three types of habitat, namely primary forest,...
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
... induce chronic liver damage. After injection of CCl4, blood samples were obtained using the retro-orbital method to confirm liver damage and estimate liver function. Rats given CCl4 prior to feeding M. chamomilla demonstrated decrease in serum lipoprotein HDL, LDL, VLDL fraction levels, indicating liver damage. Rats given CCl4 and fed on 5% M. ch...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Kashif Prince1*, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4Asad Ullah5, Naimat Ullah4, Muhammad Shoaib2 and Said Sajjad Ali Shah2
...ose disease at initial stages.
...

Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova1*, Vadim Anatolyevich Babushkin1, Lyudmila Gennadievna Eliseeva2 and Galina Severyanovna Usova3

Modeling a Formulation and Assessment of the Consumer Properties of the Special Purpose Starch Drink
... of a hydrolyzate of collagen as a component of the enriched foodstuff opens unlimited opportunities of production of the goods for functional, medical preventive and medical purposes, capable to fill the shortage of collagen and to stimulate the human body to produce its own protein. Drinking kissel is a perspective product type for enrichment the CCR (Central Chernosem Region’s) fr...

Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj-ud-Din

Fluorescence Analysis, Extractive Values and Cytotoxic Screening of Crataeva adansonii DC Leaf and Bark through Brine Shrimp Larvae Assay
...er drug with different reagents including ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, n-hexane, HCl, nitric acid, carrageenan, glacial acetic acid, diethyl ether and picric acid and change in coloration was observed. Distinct fluorescence was exhibited by the drug under the normal daylight and UV-radiations of short wavelength (256nm) and long wavelength (365nm). Both the leaf and bark parts showed maximum extractive valu...

Kamran Ghasemi1*, Mostafa Emadi2, Asghar Bagheri3 and Mehdi Mohammadi1

Casing Material and Thickness Effects on the Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Agaricus bisporus
...Overall, the highest average weight of mushroom and the mushroom cap diameter were observed in 4 cm depth casing. No significant deference was observed in the phosphorus and potassium concentration of treated mushrooms but nitrogen concentration was affected by casing layer soil materials and thickness. The lowest nitrogen concentration was in 4 cm depth of CP casing layer that was not significantly different with 2 cm depth of CP casing la...

Mazhar Abbas1*, Kishwar Jam1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye2, Tariq Rafique3 and Zahid Mahmood

Mahak Fatima1, Memoona Syed1, Rabia Zeeshan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori3, Naveed Shahzad4, Moazzam Ali1 and Zeeshan Mutahir1*
...equently to oxidative damage. The present study explores the relationship between MTH1 gene silencing and its outcome on the growth of gemcitabine resistant breast cancer cells named MCF7-R. For this purpose, we transfected MCF7-R cells with MTH1 specific validated siRNA. Successful transfection of siRNA and consequent cytotoxicity in MCF7-R cells was confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and cell viability assay. As a result of siRNA transfecti...
Abdul Waheed*, Asim Faraz, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
...’s family size averaged 6.4±1.6 with average monthly income of Rs. 14322.6±3026.4. These rural household had on the average 11.4±4.5 hens, 2.1±1.1 cocks, 6.9±4.5 chicks, and 4.5±3.4 laying hens. Majority of them kept hen in khuda (a small need-based structure like small room for keeping birds). Most of them offer grains to the desi birds and ...

Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...he, Crotalaria juncea forage for goats and cattle and also toxic alkaloids, particularly in the seeds and pods, Lathyrus cicera is used as a green manure, soil cover for preventing erosion and in breeding program for the plant species, Medicago minima is rich source of vitamins A, C, and E, green manure and fixes atmospheric nitrogen, Robinia pseudo-acacia is astringent, diuretic, emetic, emollient, laxative, poison, purgative, sedative, tonic, emetic and for ...
Shagufta Parveen1*, Kousar Perveen1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani2, Muhammad Musadaq3
...tion in infants with the age at which weaning was started. This is an observational, cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Pediatric Medicine Department of DHQ Hospital, Chakwal, Pakistan from January 2020 to February 2020. All infants that presented to the hospital from January 2020 to March 2020 were included in the study after obtaining informed consent from their accompanying parent or guardian. Infants who were premature or had any congenital d...

Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Jibran Hussain2, Muhammad Hayat Jaspal3, Shahid Mehmood2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq4, Reema Bughio5 and Athar Mahmud2

Comparative Study of Carcass Traits in Four Strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) at 3 to 6 Weeks of Age
...uails at 3 to 6 weeks of age. In total, 2160 quail chicks were studied with 108 experimental units of each 20 chicks were applied. Birds had free access to clean and fresh drinking water through automatic nipple drinkers all the times. There was a provision of ad-libitum broiler-quail ration feeding as per NRC standard. Data on live weight, dressing percentage, keel length, keel angle, length of shank, giblets and length of ...

Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2

Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The study revealed that farmers perceived the quality of transportation system causes a reduction in their income. Gender (χ2=6.472) and marital status (χ2=9.745) positively influenced income generated by farmers at p<0.05. Also, there w...
Tehmina Aslam, Shagufta Saeed*, Muhammed Tayyab, Huma Mujahid, Ali Raza Awan, Sehrish Firyal and AbuSaeed Hashmi
...lp in the solid waste management.
...
Zhi Yijin, Shao Mingqin* and Li Quanjiang
...servation and habitat management in and around Poyang Lake.
...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...2.70 ± 0.48), village (286.10 ± 168.97 m) and road (114.50 ± 105.01 m). Our study showed that riverbank vegetation (Z=-2.614, P=0.009), distance to village (Z=-2.859, P=0.004) and road (Z=-2.085, P=0.037) in the foraging habitats were significantly higher than in control plots, indicating that Mandarin duck clearly preferred habitats with higher vegetation cover ...
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
...rther eliminated any leakage of the enzyme in the liver due to hepatic injury in the treated rats. Previous biochemical studies have also confirmed the non toxicity of the plant extract of D. erecta to the kidney.
...

Shouguo Yang1, Fen Cheng1, Xiangyu Wu1, YiXuan Xing1, ZhiFeng Gu2 and Xianming Tang1,*

...the increasing of animal age, the growth of total shell length, width and weight significantly increased, while the growth rate decreased with the increasing of animal age. Results from the present study provide the first biological reference to H. ternatanus and are useful for assessing the growth and resource assessment of H. ternatanus.
...
Shikun Ge1, 2, Yanli Yang3, Brindha Chelliappan4, 5, Antonysamy Michael5, Fagang Zhong1 and Xiaoying Zhang1, 2, 3, 4*
...traction methods and storage stability of IgY antibodies from egg yolk for feed supplements remain major problems in mass production. Based on Based on IgY antibody titer, IgY thermostability, IgY acid and alkali resistance, resistance to trypsin and pepsin, four different IgY purification methods (PEG extraction, water dilution method, the effect of liquid egg yolk and egg yolk powder preparations) on the activity of IgY antibodies was investigated. The resul...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
...tion suggest suitable management option for the growers having nematode problem in their field.
...
Yan Zhou1,2, Hai Xia Han1,2, Qiu Xia Lei1,2, Jin Bo Gao1,2, Wei Liu1,2, Fu Wei Li1,2, Jie Liu1,2 and Ding Guo Cao1,2*
...d with egg production at age of 40W (E40) (P=0.0342) and egg production at age of 43W (E43) (P=0.0184). The egg production at age of 38W (E38), E40 and E43 of H2H2 chickens were all higher than those of the H1H1 and H3H3 chickens. Compared with H1H1 and H3H3 chickens, the highest mRNA levels of VLDLR were found in ovary, 6 mm - 8 mm follicles and 4 mm follicles from H2H2 chic...

Shahzad Malik* and Ayesha Khan

Gap Analysis of Farmers’ Capacity Building by Public and Private Agriculture Extension Sectors in Central Plain Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...lyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences V.20 (SPSS). Simple percentages and percentages were calculated whereas paired t-test was applied to compare gap/differences between capacity building of farmers offered by public and private extension services. It was found that the respondents praised private sector in capacity building regarding farm manage...

Muhammad Ismail1, Tufail Ahmad2, Shamsher Ali2*, Shahid Ali1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Naveedullah3

Heavy Metals (Pb and Ni) Pollution as Affected by the Brick Kilns Emissions
...n of Pb and Ni at this stage is not in toxic range however with the continuous addition may pose a severe threat in future. Similarly, soil sample analysis revealed AB-DTPA extractable Pb and Ni for chimney A and B as (0.11- 0.13, 14.2 and 15.0 mg kg-1) respectively. Here again the Pb and Ni do not show toxicity, yet it cannot be ignored for future with persistent addition. Likewise, the collected dust samples showed a huge load of pollution amounting to 23.8 ...
Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2, Mohammad Attaullah3, Shahid Naiz Khan1, Rafiqe Hussain4, Farman Ullah Dawar1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Ijaz1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...emina. Cattle having age less than two years showed high positivity for bothB. boves (49.23%)and B. bigemina (26.15%). Similarly rate of positivity for both B. boves (47.12%)andB. bigemina (25.13%) was reported high during summer season.
...

Israr Yasin1, Ismail Qureshi1*, Shahjahn Qaimkhani1, Gulam Mustafa Solangi3, Ismail Qaimkhani1, Ismail Brohi1 and Abdul Ahad Soomro2

A Perspective on Household Dairy Farming in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan
... special reference to management of livestock, milk production and marketing as well as role of livestock in household income in district Naushahro Feroze of Sindh-Province Pakistan. Six hundred households were selected from 40 villages in four out of nine Talukas (administrative units) using multistage clustering method. Estimates of the study revealed that 54% of the households possessed...

Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Ghulam Qadir1, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz1 and Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich2

Impact of Fertilizer and Planting Geometery on Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Yield in Saline-Sodic Soil
...a most cost-effective management practice for garlic cultivation.

...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5

Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...esources and lack of linkage with research. The most emerging training needs were; recent development in agriculture, community development and mobilization, ICTs application in agriculture and designing of training with mean values of 2.84, 2.82, 2.74, and 2.72 respectively. The government should provide training opportunities for professionals related to agriculture and training processes at national and international level.

...

Muhammad Ahsan Naseer1, Mehdi Maqbool1, Saima Rafiq2*, Noosheen Zahid1, Abdul Hamid1 and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah1

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Biochemical Attributes of Edible Fig (Ficus carica L.) Collected from Three Districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Located at Different Elevations
...ply chain system and storage conditions for its marketing at national and international level.
...

Amir Afzal, Muhammad Ijaz and Sayed Rashad Ali Shah*

Determination of Suitable Growth Stage for Application of Fungicide against Stripe Rust in Wheat
...efore, an alternative management strategy to control diseases is application of suitable fungicide at appropriate growth stage. For this, an experiment was conducted to investigate proper growth stage for application of fungicide to control stripe rust in wheat. Sowings at various dates was done to attain various growth stages at once. Two genotypes 16C0...

Iram Bilqees1, Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Qaiser Shakeel3, Ashara Sajid1, Zahoor Hussain4, Aqleem Abbas2, Muhammad Aamir Sohail2, Judith Jeruto Kiptoo5 and Shehzad Iqbal2

Use of Nutrients and Plant Extract to Manage Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (OYVMD) in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...ty, incidence and its management through different nutrients and plant extract. Plant extract and multi-nutrients were used to manage the disease to avoid the hazardous effect of chemicals on human health and being the eco-friendly. Four varieties of okra viz., Indian Rachna, Sabz Pari, Desi Bhindi, and Rama Krishna were grown under RCBD. Five treatments viz., 2% garlic extract, 2% multi-nutrients, silicon (1 and 1.5%) s and...

Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2

 

Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
...es like opened boll, average boll weight and 100-seed weight altogether shifted and highest seed cotton yield 3847 kg ha-1 was acquired by cv. MNH-886 when it was planted on April 30.

...

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3

Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...rketers were between the ages of 31-60 years, about 83.33% of soyabean marketers had less than 5 years marketing experiences. Cost of transportation constitutes 47.56% of the total variable cost. Estimated costs and returns analysis gave the gross margin and gross income of N15,513,400 and N 16,249,000 per annum respectively. Estimated marketing margin and marketing efficiency were 20.13, and 338.66 respectively. Operating ratio (OR), rate of return on investm...

Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman

Genotype by Environment Interactions of Vegetative Growth Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes
...nments, genotypes on average produced larger flag leaves having maximum leaf area in Peshawar while lowest was observed in Mansehra. For straw yield of the 40 genotypes across seven environments, the highest straw yield of 12547 kg ha-1 was produced at Mansehra in 2016-17 and the lowest yield of 2440 kg ha-1 was recorded at Buner in 2017-18. Overall, the genotypes included in the study had more biological yield in Mansehra as compared to other locations. Line ...

Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam, Yousaf Jamal and Hidayat Ullah

Appraisal of Yield and Yield Components of Wheat with Integrated Management of Nitrogen Sources
... justify;">Integrated management of nitrogen sources is vital for sustaining crop productivity. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated management of nitrogen sources on yield and yield components of wheat at Agricultural Research Station Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Experiments were laid out using RCBD with 3 replications. Winter wheat variety Pirsabak-2015, a...

Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5

Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
...ficiency of different sewage water irrigation frequency treatments on growth, yield and heavy metals accumulation of tomato and okra during 2012 and 2013. A statistical randomized complete block design was applied in the field to perform experiments having three replicates while 03 sewage water irrigation frequency treatments i.e., 5, 10 and 15-days interval. The tomato yield, their growth along with the production of the pl...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*

Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
...ign: justify;">Energy management is an essential component in sustainable agricultural production systems. The study was mainly designed to evaluate the impact of four kind of soil tillage as; No/zero tillage (ZT), conservational tillage (PT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage
Shahid Ali*, Aijaz Ali Channa, Waqar Ahmad, Rafia Akram and Imbasat Yousaf
...nios was successfully managed in a full term pluriparous Nili Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) that was recumbent and under extreme stress because of intemperate bilateral abdominal distension. Trans-rectal palpation revealed a taut uterus (bulged, tense and inelastic) and alive fetus. Subsequently upon induced cervical dilatation, 60-70 L of amniotic liquid was expelled out and dam delivered completely developed alive male calf with a gross anomaly (pres...
Chao Zhao1,2, Sigang Fana2 and Lihua Qiua2,3,*
...rent P. monodon stages(nauplii, zoea, mysis stage, postlarvae). In ponds 1, 2, 3 and 4, the survival rates were significantly lower but the nitrite concentration and vibrio numbers (before mysis stage) were considerably higher than those in other ponds (P < 0.05), indicating that nitrite and vibrios influenced P. monodon survival during larva culture. Nitrite and ni...
Muhammad R. Khan1, Bushra A. Rakha1,* and Muhammad S. Ansari2
..., standard error, percentage of various parameters in total length and head length were estimated. The meristic characters showed very limited or no variation in all four species. A total of 28 specimens, including 6 species belonging to genera Schizothorax and Schizothoraicthys were investigated. The species found in river Swat were Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothoraicthys esocinus, Schizothoraicthys labiatus, Schizothorax richardsonii, Schizothorax si...
Hari Prasad Sharma1*, Shova Adhikari1, Yogesh Rai1, Rajkumar Sijapati1, Sapana Chand1, Manisha Karki1, Rubina Thapa Magar1, Ashik Husain1Khadka Bahadur Khatri1, Melina Karki1, Samiksha Badu1, Sushila Bajracharya1, Somika Pathak1, Rachana Shah2 and Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral2
...os are established to engage the general public in informal education, research and conservation, as well as maintaining their role as attractive places for entertainment and recreation. Zoos provide home for different animals that are of common occurrence, geographically rare species, attractive species, trafficked animals seized by the authorities, and injured and orphaned animals. The presence of visitors and their activities affect the behavior of animals ...

Muhammad Shakeel1*, Mudussar Nawaz1, Zahid Naseer1, Muhammad Fiaz1, Asghar Khan1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Awais Ur Rehman1, Ahmad Yar Qamar2 and Ali Raza3

Caprine and Ovine Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Five Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...type) breeds of variable age groups (0 months to 4years). All the serum samples were analyzed using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and seropositive samples were further submitted to Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). The results revealed that the prevalence of brucellosis was higher (P<0.05) in goats than sheep, irrespective of test used. The serological prevalence of brucellosis differs significantly (P<0.05) among sheep and goat breeds, and Thalli sheep an...
Murtaza, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Mehran Ahmad, Irfan Ullah and Jahangir Khan
Adoption of Hybrid Maize Technology in District Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ly chosen using a multistage random sampling technique. The logit model was used to measure the probability of adoption of hybrid maize technology. The estimated results of the model revealed that younger farmers were comparatively more adoptive of the hybrid maize technology. Education level, number of adult males involved in agriculture and land holdings of the farmers affected the adoption of the hybrid maize technology positively. The owners as compared to...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...rpose, initially two villages one from District Nagar and other from District Hunza were selected with an aggregate sample of 112 maize crop growers. Both primary and secondary data were collected from different sources. To measure technical efficiency, the stochastic frontier production function along with technical efficiency model was employed. Data was analyzed through statistical software Frontier 4.1, because of its appropriateness in efficiency related ...

Inam Ullah1, Mahfooz Khan2*, Munir Khan2, Himayatullah Khan2 and Azra3

Factors Affecting Different Wheat Varieties Yield in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis
...pondents should be encouraged to get training from the concerned Agricultural Research Centre in order to apply the recommended amount of inputs. The government should also provide inputs on subsidized rates and make irrigation water available through initiating different projects.

...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

An Empirical Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size of Cotton Farmers
...essential to increase managerial competencies among farmers through increasing literacy, sufficient access of extension services, familiarity and infusion of advanced mechanisation and adequate access of formal credit through implementing adequate policy measures by concerned authorities of the state.

...

Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2

Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season in Gaddi Goats
...ed during NB season. Average mean P4 concentration was 0.30±0.04 ng/ml throughout the period of observation during NB whereas, peak P4 concentration of 11.89±1.55 ng/ml was observed at Day 14 of estrous cycle during B season. Significant difference between average daily counts of small, medium along with daily total number of visible follicles were observed during B season. In conclusion, ovarian follicular gro...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5 

Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...microorganisms as causal agents of mastitis. The prevalence of this study was measured by using California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples were collected from the Deyniile District, Benadir Region of Somalia. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 16.66% (7.93% on the quarter basis), the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was found to be 22.78% and 9.85% on the animal basis and 9.37% and 6.15% on quarter basis, respectively. The hind quarters we...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola

Comparative Productive Performance among three Plumage Varieties of Noiler Hens
...mong three prominent plumage varieties of Noiler hens. For this purpose, a total of 90 pullets with three plumage colours (brown, black and barred) were divided into 3 replicates with 10 birds per replicate in each of the variety. Data were collected on the pubertal parameters (age at first egg and crouching behaviour) from 16-22 weeks of age; egg produc...

Arshad Ali Essani1, Bhai Khan Solangi1, Muhammad Ilyas Abro2, Sultan Ahmed3, Karim Bakhsh Sial3, Muhammad Saleem4, Ali Asghar Gola5, Ghulam Ali6, Moula Dad6, Mujeeb ur Rehman6, Habibullah Kakar6 and Mitha Khan6*

Comparative Efficacy of Botanical Pesticides against Sucking Insect Pests of Mustard Crop
...rd crop; followed by average crop yield of 20 and 18/plot when the mustard crop were sprayed with neem oil and tobacco extract, respectively. However, the lower crop yield (18 kg/plot) was noticed when the mustard crop were sprayed with akk plant extract. The control plots resulted in lowest crop yields of 10 kg/plot. It was concluded that neem seed extract ranked 1st in reduction of the thrips, whitefly, aphid and painted bug population followed by neem oil r...
Tabassum Yaseen1*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2, Fayaz Asad1, Abdul Waheed1, Rani Gul3, Hussain Gulab4 and Naveed Akhtar2
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spore Density and Root Colonization in Weeds of Carrot field at Charsadda, Pakistan
...zation the host growth stage of plant influences the diversity and population of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Our study revealed that the AMF spore density and root infection is closely related to the soil physicochemical characteristics.
...

Abdul Jalal, Abdur Rab* and Naveed Ahmad

Aloe Vera Gel Coating Retains Persimmon Fruit (Diospyros kaki) Quality during Storage at Room Temperature
...ext-align: justify;">Storage durations and Aloe vera gel concentrations significantly decreased the loss of persimmon fruit quality during storage at room temperature. Storage at room temperature (26±2 °C) resulted in significant decline in fruit firmness, percent acidity, and ascorbic acid content with a concomitant increase in total soluble solids (TSS), organoleptic quality (...

Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3

GIS Applications in Surveying and Mapping of Rice Weeds in Guilan Province, Iran
... the benefits of weed management. When in an area the distribution and consumption of inputs is based on accurate information from the weed composition of the farms in that area, the efficiency of these inputs is improved and weed damage is reduced.

...

Iram Sharif1*, Amna Nazir1, Eram Shahzadi2, Shahid Munir Chohan3 and Ghulam Sarwar4

Influence of Sowing Dates on Cotton Growth (Gossypium hirsutum), Yield and Fiber Quality
...ha-1). Comparing the average varietal performance in both sowing dates, FH-6071 produced maximum yield 2989.39 kg ha-1 while minimum yield 2103.5 kg ha-1 was exhibited by FH-152. Boll retention % was maximum in genotype FH-490. With respect to fiber quality fiber length and strength were not affected significantly due to sowing dates effects. In addition to yield, fiber quality of FH-6071was better in both sowing dates with average
Huma Abbas1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Umar Shahbaz3*, Haseeb Ullah Kamber1, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Junaid1, Hira Abbas4 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3
Evaluation of Advanced Mung Bean Germplasm against Cercospora Leaf Spot and its In-vitro Management by Different Fungicides
...severe conditions. To manage the diseases through tolerant germplasm and with environmentally safe fungicides is a cost-effective approach. The present study was aimed to find the resistant germplasm against the disease and to evaluate the relative efficacy of different fungicides against the C. canesens in lab conditions. Twenty varieties/lines were screened against Cercospora Leaf Spot disease in field conditions. No line/ variety was found immune and only o...

Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Farrukh Ilahi1 and Muhammad Asif1

Fiber Quality Studies with Respect to Different Cotton Insect Pests using Multivariate Analysis
...o determine effective management approaches, additional work can be performed to recognize the impact of pests species on fiber quality by controlling certain pests.

...

Attiq ur Rehman1,2*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil3 and Ihtisham Ali4

Genetic Diversity and Traits Association in Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat Genotypes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
...t genotypes had more average plant height, tillers m-2, spikes m-2, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index than durum wheat genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that tillers m-2 and spikes m-2 had significantly positive association with grain yield while grain yield had significantly strong positive association with harvest index in tested germplasm. Durum genotypes DWE3 and DWE7 performed best for yield contributing traits while spring wheat ver...

Zahir Shah1*, Saima Munawar1, Ihsan Ullah2, Taif Shah3, Haq Aman Ullah1, Saqib Nawaz1, Farhan Anwar Khan1 and Manoj Kumar Shah4

Combined Physico-chemical and Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture Plus Clonidine in Goats
...ups. Clonidine at the dosage of 20µg/kg increased the pain threshold, and decreased cardio-respiratory rates and rectal temperature in goats. EA plus 10µg/kg of clonidine resulted higher pain threshold for 45-60 min than those goats treated with clonidine at 10 and 15µg/kg or EA alone but showed similar pain threshold with goats treated with 20µg/kg of clonidine. Goats treated with EA plus 10µg/kg clonidine showed moderately highe...

Shahzad Khan*, Munir Khan, Inayatullah Jan, Mahfooz Khan and Fida Muhammad Khan

Determinants of Sugarcane Yield in District Charsadda, Pakistan
...the year 2018. Three villages viz. Kamran Kalay, Aspandehri, and Sarfaraz Kalay were selected purposively. Primary data were collected with face to face interview method from 41 randomly selected sugarcane growers through structured questionnaire. The selection of farmers was based on proportional allocation technique in the selected villages. For data analysis, profit margin, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas production functio...

Shaiza Rasool1, Iftikhar Ahmad1*, Khurram Ziaf1, Irfan Afzal2, Muhammad A.S. Khan1, Muhammad Aashir Sajjad1 and Muhammad Zain Ali1

Seed Conditioning Effects on Germination Performance, Seedling Vigor and Flower Production of Zinnia elegans
...n rate (90%) with an average root length of 4.2 cm. Hydro-priming resulted in the largest seedling fresh weight (0.8 g), seedling shoot length (5.8 cm), and seedling vigor index (980). The seedling vigor index was determined by multiplying the percent germination with the seedling length (cm). In the second experiment, seeds treated at 25 mT for 5 min. showed the highest (65%) and earliest (3.2 d) germination (T50) although not significantly different from tre...
Ateeq Ahmad1, Umar Hayat2, Shahid Ali2*, Hazrat Bilal3, Naveed Ali2, Khan Mir Khan4 and Khalid Khan4
Descriptive Analysis of Water Resources in Pakistan: A Perspective of Climate Change
...nge. To avoid water shortage in the country construction of new dames are necessary for future requirement of the country.

...

Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*

Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
...photo-protection, camouflage appearance in wild, and identification. Pigmentation is a complex and multi-factorial regulated process to produce the melanin from melanocytes. Melanin amount, size, shape, and distribution control the color pigmentation of fiber, coat, and hairs in animals. Melanin production in an intricate course is under the control of Melanocortin 1 Receptor, alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone and Agouti signaling gene. In most animals, thr...

Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4

Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...lyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). According to the results of the survey, the majority of the respondents perceived that factors such as global warming and climate change, unproductive land, depleting water resources, unavailability of drought-tolerant crop varieties, lack of health facilities, lack of awareness for food security measures, lack of Extension services in the area, limited income resources, and insufficient information for ...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Iftikhar Ahmad2, Jangraiz Khan3 and Azra4
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and farm Size on Wheat Productivity: A Case Study of District Peshawar, Pakistan
...from twelve selected villages of Peshawar. An unpaired t-test was used to test the differences in the socioeconomic factors and farm sizes on the wheat production. Chow test were used for structural differences and dummy variable were introduced in the production function to test any significant productivity differentials (if any) between two farm groups. A significant difference was found awing to the socioeconomic factors of two farm groups. Moreover, the Ch...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China
...o study the influence of age, education, labor, farm area and villages on the household head’s participation in agricultural extension services/ activities organized by public sector department. For this purpose, a random sample of 160 households from four districts of Punjab province of Pakistan was selected, and another random sample of 122 households selected from the six villages...

Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1

Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...uted 55 lines into 2 lineages (I and II). The former was comprised of 24% bean landraces, while the latter was comprised of 76% landraces. In correlation coefficients 45 combinations were identified having strong positive correlation. The strongest correlations (above 50%) were computed 67% of all the combinations. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified quantitative variability of 55 common bean landraces. The eigenvalues of more than 60.8% accounte...

Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3

Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
... areas to find better management strategies under the fluctuation of the climate conditions. Different management practices (cultural, biological, chemical, induce resistance, nutrient management, natural byproducts, and resistant cultivars) are used by farmers in different field areas of the world. The use of the resistant source is the simple, reliable, operative and cost-effective strat...

Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1

Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
...havior, efficiency to forage at low temperature, vibration to burst the pollen sac, high speed to flower visitation at low temperature and solitary colony structure. In northern areas of Pakistan bumblebees are natural pollinators. The various products of honey bee especially honey, royal jelly and bee venom used for the treatment of various diseases like cardiac diseases, hypertension and many others problems. These are the main source of income for entomolog...

Md. Sahidur Rahman

Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
...VID-19. One health encourages joint disease surveillance by establishing laboratory networks and regulating proper biosafety, biosecurity, and risk communication to facilitate strong disease prevention and control strategy by which we could prevent the next coronavirus outbreak in humans.

...

Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho1 and Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan2,3,4*

Production of Antibody for Direct Fluorescence Antibody Assay against Avian Influenza H9N2
..., cases of this zoonotic agent are being reported and some cases showed fatal infection. The H9N2 is highly contagious, and transmission can occur from chicken to chicken, chicken to humans through the air, or sometimes from humans to humans. H9N2 belongs to alpha influenza virus genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae. It has a minus sense RNA genome of eight segments. This fact makes the virus to easily re-assort, which might yield a new virus strain, and cause...
Bushra Ismail Khan1, Shamim Akhter1, Sanwal Aslam2* and Rabea Ejaz1
...(PMI), dead sperm percentage and the live sperm percentage. The data on the role of PVP on different parameters of semen quality were analyzed by using ANOVA and RCBD. Higher percentage (P< 0.05) of sperm motility (66.1±7.51 and 59.4±10.72) and PMI (72.9±5.39 and 75.7±6.5) was observed in extenders having 0.05 mM and 0.1mM PVP compared to extenders having 1.5...
Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shahid Mehmood2*, Athar Mahmud2Khalid Javed3 and Jibran Hussain2

 

...d mortality at 28 day of age, were not affected (P>0.05) by the compost supplement to the diet. There were no differences (P>0.05) in carcass yield and relative weights of breast, thigh, wing, liver, gizzard, heart, and abdominal fat for chicks fed compost at any level compared to chicks fed the control diet. Although, a slight reduction in breast and thigh weights was observed in chicks fed compost at 10% level compared to control chicks, but statistica...
Asim Faraz*
...o check the effect of management system on the blood biochemical and hair mineral profile of male and female camel calves. Eighteen Marecha camel calves of almost same weight and age were divided randomly into three groups each having 3 ♂ and 3 ♀ reared under intensive (IMS), semi-intensive (SIMS) and extensive (EMS) management systems. The calves in first group reared in IMS were fed ...
Rabea Ejaz1*, Saima Qadeer2,Muhammad Sajjad Ansari3, Bushra Allah Rakha4Shazia Shamas5, Iram Maqsood1, Asma Ul Husna6, Asima Azam1 and Shamim Akhter6
...lus bubalis) of same age by artificial vagina keeping temperature at 42°C for a period of 5 weeks (replicates; n=30). Ejaculates were mixed in tris citric acid extender having 0.0 (control), 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0 ng/mL of arachidic acid at a temperature of 37°C (>1 mL volume, >0.5 billion per mL conc., >60% motility) and cryopreserved using standard procedures. Percent sperm motility, liveability, plasmalemma integrity and viability w...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4

The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...negative) pregnant women aged ≥18 and ≤50 years attending antenatal clinic. Ethical approval was obtained and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the hospital. Detection of ZIKV IgG antibodies was done using a commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to qualitatively analyze Human Zika virus IgG (ZV-IgG) in human serum. A total of 90 pregnant women was recruited, and the overall seroprevalence was (14.4%) for Zika...

Dalal H. Sary and Rama T. Rashad*

A Comparative Study on the Impact of Compost, Humate, and Silicate on the Nutritional Characteristics of Calcareous Soil Cultivated by Soybean
...iched by versatile advantages upon application of K-H and K-Si but the compost is still the most effective.

...

Kubilay Ucar1, Sait Engindeniz1* and Jozef Palkovic2

Risk and Return Analysis of Open-Field Tomato Grown in Turkey: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach
...ts of the study, the average production costs of tomato was determined to be 4,940 US$ ha-1. Average gross and net return were calculated to be 4,282 US$ ha-1 and 3,284 US$ ha-1, respectively. Monte Carlo Simulation for tomato production was performed based on the values of input variables. According to results of these simulations, the gross return can be expected between 2,968 US$ and 5,912 US$ ha-1, and net return can be ...

Umar Hayat1*, Ibrar Hussin2, Aftab Alam3 and Khalid Khan4

Time Series Analysis of Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Application of Bootstrap ARDL
...pothesis of SDT due to meager allocation to health sector in case of Pakistan. Allocation of sufficient fund to health sector specifically targeting maternal and child health is expected to reduce child mortality in a rapid speed in the country.

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Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2

Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...ecommended that cold storage in relevant areas, vibrant roads net work and consistency in power supply for cold storage should be developed on priorities basis that will help to minimize the post harvesting losses. The judicious use of fertilizer, efficient utilization of water and support price for fruits, vegetables, pulses and oilseeds are required for the promotion of high value crops.

...

Safiullah1, Azmat Ali Awan2, Mohammad Ilyas3, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Arshad Iqbal3*, Muhammad Adil3 and Asad Ullah1

Effects of Different Concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Rooting of Various Olive Varieties
...nd plant survival percentage (50.36%) were noted in cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of NAA solution. Regarding interaction both varieties and NAA concentrations showed significant results for all variables except days to root appearance, length of shoot (cm), shoot diameter (cm), branches cutting-1, and plant survival (%). It was concluded that the variety, Nocellara treated with 3000 ppm of NAA solution showed best results on growth variables.

...

Mehnaz Safdar and Urooba Pervaiz*

Constraints in Accessing Agricultural Extension Services by Rural Women: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...spondents were in middle age category (31-40 years), 59% were illiterate, 91% women respondents were married and 75% households were headed by male. It was observed that local famers/colleagues were the main source of information for 41 % respondents, while no female extension worker was available to be accessed for taking agricultural information. Only 14% respondents attended trainings. This situation is very alarming and shows negligence of extension depart...

Ghulam Akbar1*, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Aamna Rafique1, Sania Riasat1, Mohsin Raza1, Mahpara Qamar1, Shahneela Nusrat1 and Shakila Hanif1

Critical Update for the Treatment of Anemia by using Advanced Genome Editing Crispr Cas Technology
...that associates with all ages like pregnant women, children and aged people. Anemia associated with numerous infectious and continual problems such as persistent kidney disease, cancer, ischemic heart ailment and inflammatory bowel disorder. However, with the development in generation at genome editing level have made feasible to accurate mutations in human genome. A site oriented specific break in double stranded DNA is ind...
Muhammad Ilyas1,2*, Imran Khan2*, Muhammad Umer Chattha2, Muhammad Umair Hassan2, Muhammad Zain3, Wajid Farhad4, Sana Ullah1, Ateeq Shah5, Safeer Ahmed6, Bismillah Khan1 and Muhammad Adeel1
Evaluating the Effect of Zinc Application Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars
...solution at vegetative stage and combination of all three methods (seed priming, foliar and soil application) were used. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement having three replications. The combined application of Zn (seed priming, foliar and soil application) resulted in maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (302.33 m2), spike length (8.62 cm), spikelet/spike (16.66), gra...

Ashraf Ismail Afia1 and Ahmed Soliman Mohmed El-Nuby2*

Soybean Genotypes Response to Root-Gall Nematode
...ding to reduction percentage in reproduction factor (RPRF), the tested genotypes were ranked as resistant or susceptible to challenge nematode genus. The genotypes viz., G22, G111(100% RF) were found to be highly resistant (HR), genotypes ranked as resistant (R) viz., C97, H2, CV1, Clark, A7 (99.97, 99.96, 98.73, 98.29 and 97.06% RF, respectively), moderately resistant (MR) category was achieved by seven genotypes (G21, CV2, Carford, Katler, G35, C11 and AG in...
MA Liman1, QI Yongxiao1, Wang Wenji2* and Zhong Qianyi3*
... a potential therapeutic agent against cancer.
...
Wajahat Azeem1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Tooba Hamid2
... of a biological control agent, Trichoderma harzianum and an antagonistic plant, Azadirachta indica was tested against M. incognita on tomato. The antagonistic fungus and plant caused significant hatching inhibition and larval mortality of M. incognita. The hatching inhibition and mortality was the maximum at 100% concentrations of both the agents while the minimum inhibition and mortality was obt...
Rida Younas1*, Tamseela Mumtaz1, Nabeela Roohi2 and Muhammad Amir Iqbal3
...were enrolled as well as age and sex matched healthy subjects were also recruited as control group. Expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in serum samples were evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) level and post predicted FEV1%, FVC% and FEV1/FVC was analyzed. Results of serum IL-6 and IL-8 showed significant difference among control and GOLD stages II, III an...
Muhammad Umer Khan1,2*, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Atif Amin Baig3, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani1
...nce of West Eurasian lineages in the Shin population (59.49%), followed by South Asian lineages (25.32%) and then East and Southeast Asian lineages (15.19%). Shin population presented a high genetic diversity of 0.9996 and a low random match probability of 0.0129. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mtDNA profiles of the Shin population, providing a complementing data...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1* and Sajida Naseem2

...limitation of juvenile stages. Standard barcode region of CO1 gene of 64 samples was amplified. The sequences of 658 base pairs were recovered from 62 samples, representing 7 families, 20 genera and 27 species. Araneidae was the most dominant familyfollowed by Salticidae, Oxyopidae, Clubionidae, Tetragnathida, Thomisidae, Miterg...
Nihat Tekel1, Seyrani Koncagül2, İlkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Şireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*
...ale lambs (n=120) at the age of 10 months. The coefficient of determination values estimated for Brody, Negative Exponential and Bertalanffy models were 0.9523, 0.6094, and 0.9428 R2 for the first-time interval (0-90 days of age), 0.9866, 0.9743 and 0.9797 R2 for the second time interval (0-180 days of age) and 0.9924, 0.9853 and 0.9902 R2 for the third tim...

Asma Rashid Tariq1,2*, Saadia R. Tariq2, Tariq Mahmud1 and Misbah Sultan1*

Selective Capture of CO2 from Mixture of Different Gases using Cellulose Acetate, Polyimide, Polysulfone and some other Polymers based Mixed Matrix Membranes: A Review
...they offer several advantages over other fillers. This review majorly presents use of three polymers viz. cellulose acetate, polyimides and polysulfone, for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes. All of these polymers are of utmost industrial importance in the field of separation. Further use of different other polymers in this field is also discussed shortly.

...
Hassam Ud Din1*, Huma Rizwana1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2, Kaleem Ullah2 and Muhammad Din2
Evaluation of Production Performance and Marketing of Small Ruminants in District Dukki, Balochistan
... type. flock size in average was 193.33 in Vialla Dukki, 241.42 in Thal, 390.00 in Nana Sahib, 493.33 in Sadar and 610.00 in Nasar Abad, respectively. Total cost of animals in Villa Dukki was (1131000 Rs), Thal (1352000 Rs), Nana Sahib (1092000 Rs), Sadar (1124800 Rs) and Nasar Abad (1037000 Rs), respectively. Per animal feeding, vaccination, shepherd, marketing and miscellaneous charges was 59256, 3838, 139440, 50202 and 29186 rupees. An amount of 1370, 53.47...

Imtiaz Hussain1, Azhar Mahmood Aulakh2, Muhammad Sohail1*, Khalid Hussain2, Ansaar Ahmed3, Abdul Hamid3 and Muhammad Imtiaz3

Impact of Zero Tillage on Productivity of Traditional Mung Bean-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan
...n involves intensive tillage practices that increases cost of production and declines soil fertility. Zero tillage planting method provides an opportunity to improve crop yield, reduce production cost and GHG emission. Farmer participatory field trials were carried out at six locations in Punjab province, a major Mung bean-Wheat cropping zone to evaluate zero tillage based crop production ...
M. A. Kararah1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna1, Salwa N. Zein2 and Abd-Elrehiem, A.F.3 
...nsmitted, and the percentage of seed transmission was 6%.
PMV was partially purified for its antiserum production. The absorption
spectrum of the purified virus had a min at 245 nm and a max at 260 nm. The
ratios of A260/280, A280/260 and Amax/min were 1.16, 0.85, and 1.04,
respectively. Yield of PMV was 1.7 mg/100g of infected leaves. Electron
micrographs of the partially purified virus preparation r...

Sadiq Haladu1*, Taiwo Oladoye Akande2 and Mudassir Nasir3

... egg will possibly encourage and increase the rate of egg consumption. The study was aimed at reducing the cholesterol composition of egg and improving the health status of the laying birds through supplementation of selected phytogenic herbs. Seven dietary treatments were formulated with diet 1 as control, diet 2 with 1% Fluted pumpkin leaf meal (FLM), diet 3 with 2% Fluted pumpkin leaf meal, diet 4 with 1% Moringa leaf meal (MLM) diet 5 with 2% Moringa leaf ...

Maryam Yousaf1, Salman Ahmad1*, Romana Anjum2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3

...sues along with the blockage in xylem and phloem vessels due to the tylone production. Hyphal growth and proliferated hyphae inside the root cortex were also observed. We concluded that FOL fungus penetrated into the cell wall of the tomato seedlings through hyphae and proliferated into the cortex. Later on, it progressed into the roots and stem, started blocking of the xylem and phloem by producing tylones and deposition of phenolic compounds that supported t...

Sherif .M. Ibrahim*, Abd El-Razek. B. Abd El-Razek*. Hanan. M. El-Zahed Amal. A. Fatouh* and Ayatollah. I. Ibrahim*

...og10 EID50/ml at 5th passage for FPV and PPV isolates, respectively. The isolated strains were further identified using the specific hyper-immune sera for each virus by virus neutrization test (VNT). As the Neutrization index (NI) for PPV and FPV isolates were 2 and 2.75 when neutrized by FPV hyperimmune sera (HIS) while it was 2.5 and 2 when neutrized by PPV (HIS). DNA was extracted from the produced pock lesions and polymerase chain reaction amplifying 578bp...

Sahar Abd El Rahman1; Mohamed Eladl2 and Mohamed M. El-Diasty3

...to isolate the causative agent and identify it by serological characterize of the viral antigens, then molecular characterization of its genome. Infection by the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) was noticed in Dakahlyia governorates during the summer season of 2015. Twelve samples of buffy coats were collected from dairy farms suspected from clinical investigations to be infected by bovine ephemeral fever virus. The virus was isolated intracerebrally in suc...

Safaa M. Mohammed*, Shahira A. Abdelwahab**,Fetaih,H⃰ ⃰ ,Neveen,R⃰ ,Abdel satar ,A⃰ and Mohamed S. Elshahidy**

...commercial turkey flocks aged 48-65days old. The disease was examined clinically ,histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Turkey pox virus was isolated on CAM of embryonated chicken eggs and identified by agar gel precipitation test and polymerase chain reaction .Two main types of TKPV infection were observed in examined flocks ,cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Morbidity rate ranged from 5-15%with no mortalities .75% of examined serum reacted positive ...

Megahed, A.A.1; Kh. A.El-Dougdoug2 and B.A. Othman2

... highly incidence percentage was recorded to BCTV (53.3 and 47.2 %) for both seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011). The values of ELISA conformation of total tested 240 of 915 samples of naturally cultivated plants were detected serologically by DAS-ELISA for CMV, BtMV and BNYVV infection were 225 samples reacted positively. The total positive samples were 112 samples for season 2009/2010 and 113 positive ones for season 2010/2011. The total positives for individu...

Hanan M. El-Zahed, Hanaa A. Mostafa, Nermeen M. El Sayed and Lamiaa M. Omar

...eover, protective percentage of chickens in CAV subgroups post challenge with virulent H5N1 strain at 4th WPV with AI vaccine were satisfactory and equal to or above that of AI control group (80-85%). It is advisable to apply vaccination with the live attenuated CAV vaccines in poultry farms to select hygienically well controlled farms or even farms with closed system which maintain their birds in strong and well healthy state. Also it is preferable to vaccina...

Serageldeen Sultan1, Nabila Osman2

... prevalence increased as age dependent and most commonly occurred among broiler breeder flocks (10/24). In conclusion, the occurrence of avian HEV was confirmed for the first time among chicken flocks in Egypt.

...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...mpanion cells; severe damage in chloroplasts with abnormal membrane and thylakoid system was absent. The xylem vesicles were characterized by deforming the secondary walls. Three methods were done towards the production of phytoplasma-free tomato plantlets through tissue culture using antibiotic compound (tetracycline hydrochloride in three concentrations 25mgL-1, 50mgL-1 and 75mgL-1), irradiation by three doses (3, 5 and 10 Gy) of gamma ray and natural compou...

Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1

...he rhizobia is bacteriophage infection. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the abundance of rhizobiophages in Egypt. Rhizobiophages were isolated from the rhizosphere of different legume plants. While no temperate phages were detected, two groups of phages were determined based on their virulence. Highly ...

Radwa M. Shafie 1 and Soha S. M. Mostafa2

... gave the highest percentages of inhibition. Lower inhibition effect was produced by culture filtrate of N. muscorum and S. platensis, respectively in particular in plants treated with algal filtrates by mixed with virus inoculum immediately before inoculation. Spraying plants with the algal filtrates 24 hrs. before inoculation produced a higher inhibitory effect against BYMV than that obtained by spraying 24 hrs. after inoculation. The same trend of inhibitio...

Lala Rukh1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Tusneem Kausar1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Muhammad Bilal Shahid1 and Amal Shaukat3

...ty during 90 days of storage. Based on the results, it has been suggested that date bars may be considered as a source to meet the energy requirements of health-conscious consumers. Moreover, date pit powder and soy protein isolate can be used as nutraceutical in different functional foods as a valuable nourishment source for target population.

...

Asfand Raheel1, Syed Zulfiqar Ali2, Muhammad Waris2, Muhammad Basharat2, Basheer Ahmed2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder4 and Taqi Raza4*

...uired for postharvest management through which the economy of horticultural products around the globe is almost at minimal losses. This review is highlighting the basic but truly important postharvest advancements to retain and maintain quality and quantity of vegetables and fruits. Significant outcomes are to be ensured in pre-harvest and postharvest handling and controlling the postharvest decay losses with these advanced techniques. Keeping an eye on good a...

Nashwa M. Helmy1, Ahmed S. Ahmed2, and Zeinab3 Y. Mohamed

...d animals at different stages during the course of the Lumpy skin disease (LSD), and (100) Peripheral blood samples without anticoagulant were drawn from apparently healthy non vaccinated cattle against LSDV and (100) serum samples were drawn from cattle 4 weeks post vaccination with local attenuated sheep pox virus vaccine located in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates. Methods: Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies collected from clinic...

Ayman S. El-Habbaa 1, Gabr F. El-Bagoury1, Samar F. El-Adaway2, and Susan S. El-Mahdy2

...if of the F protein cleavage site. Phylogeny put NDV Giza 2014 in a separate branch independent from other Egyptian isolates, however it is more related to Lasota (genotype II) and Clone 30 vaccinal strains, while NDV Qualubiya 2014 was grouped more related to Ulster strain (genotype I) and Australian isolates originating from the same ancestral node however it is distantly related to other Egyptian strains 2005 and 2006 grouped together with a common ancestra...

Lamiaa M. Omar, Mohamed A. Abdrabo, Dali M. Omar, Nermeen A. Marden

...adual decrease in percentage of positive egg for AI infection which were 100, 80,
80, 60,20 and 0 %for the viral dilutions 6,7,8,9,10 and11 respectively. While the rRT-PCR give 100%
positive results with all the sample dilutions. The reduction in viral shedding with values of 3.4, 2.9
and 2.4 when measured by ECE from the vaccinated chicken with inactivated H5N1, H5N2 and
inactivated recombinant vaccines respecti...
Rasha M. Mahrous1,4, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahlam A. AlWatban1, Sohair I. EL-Afifi3,
Nagwa M. Aref1,3
...tural causal
agent from Lime WB strain in Egypt was classified as 16SrII subgroup.
...

Muhammad Ramzan1, Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Muhammad Irshad1 and Mudassar Khaliq1

Incidence of Different Aphid Species on Various High Yielding Wheat Varieties
...most susceptible wheat stage against the infestation of aphid was investigated. Exploring most susceptible wheat stage was conducted through most common aphid species, i.e., Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae on different varieties. Results indicated that heading and dough stages (Standard Weeks 10 and 11) were most susceptible developmental periods with aver

Malik Abdul Rehman1*, Hafiz Muhammad Ehsan2, Tehseen Ashraf2, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani3, Sajjad Khan3 and Mujahid Ali2

Effect of Growing Media on Plant Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and Poncirus (Citrus trifoliata)
...rea, and survival percentage was recorded. Chemical analysis of leaf was done by taking samples from treatments were analyzed for determination of N, P, K. Results indicated that stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and survival percentage were significant in different growing media after everyone months of transplantation. Various media i.e. peatmass+soil+sawdust, leafmanure+soil+sawdust, compost+silt+saw...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Zahoor Hussain2, Usman Saleem3, Asif Nawaz1, Tahir Munir Butt4 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

Assessment of Knowledge Level and Information Sources of Vegetable Growers regarding Tunnel Farming in District Sargodha
...ents were falling in the age range of 26 to 50 years, having qualifications of matric and intermediate, growing vegetables up to 5 acres, and depicting agriculture as the main source of income. Tomato, pepper, and cucumbers were the highest grown crops in the study area. Variables of site selection, land preparation, and sowing of seeds got a quite satisfactory response. Replantation of nursery and distance between plants and rows of plants were also answered ...
Sadaf Aslam1,2*, Abdul Majid Khan2 and Muhammad Akhtar2
...vertebrate fossil assemblages. Here new suid fossil remains of the extinct species Hyotherium pilgrimi described. The known stratigraphic range of Hyotherium is about 14 to 11 million years. This species is closer to its smaller European relative H. soemmeringi. The studied material includes isolated premolars and molars. This paper provides new insights of morphology of an extinct species of the suid, Hyotherium pilgrimi.

Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj ud Din

Unraveling the Bioherbicidal Potential, Elemental Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation of Crataeva adansonii Dc Leaf and Bark
...part, the highest percentage of relative standard deviation was observed for Co, Cd, and Na, which is 175.6, 22.86, and 5.58%, respectively. The leaf part’s elemental analysis revealed the highest percentage of R.S.D. for Co, Mn, and Pb, which is 20, 9, and 4.44%, respectively. Imperative nutritional aspects of the proposed plant extracts were determined, including percentages of car...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
...actices in different villages of District Shangla, where the documentation process is carried out through semi-structured questionnaires in 2017 (R1) where about seventy plant species belonging to different families of spermatophytes have been collected, among which forty-eight belonged to angiosperm families and 2 families were gymnosperms. This comprises 39 herb, 14 shrubs, and 16 trees, respectively. The study postulated on the certification of herbal knowl...
Hamida Sarwar1, Kousar Perveen1,Rida Mazhar2, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani3
...ed as numbers and percentages. A significant proportion of doctors, nurses, and paramedics reported symptoms of anxiety (38.3%), depression (58.9%), insomnia (45.2%), and distress (61.64%). Overall data collected showed that the ratio of symptoms was comparatively high among nurses than doctors. 

Muhammad Javaid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Muhammad Arslan Khan1

Role of Nanotechnology in Crop Protection and Production: A Review
....e. nanopesticides to manage insect pests of different crops, nanofungicides to control pathogens, plant diseases and nanoherbicides for the management of weeds. It also facilitate in precision farming, targeted use of inputs i.e. nanofertilizers and to overcome the environmental stress seed treatments with nanoparticles, to improve the crop yield use of smart gene delivery system. This technology can also be useful for sust...
Kui Zhang1,2, Ping Geng1, Sher Khan Panhwar3, Khadim Hussain Memon4 and Zuozhi Chen1,2,*
...s effective fisheries management. A Catch–MSY model based on statistical catch data and prior information on population parameters was applied to assess the total allowable catch (TAC) and MSY values for 24 commercial marine fish groups, and thereby assess the status of the fisheries. The results showed an overall MSY of 40.53×104 tonnes and a TAC of 36.47×104 tonnes for the marine fisheries in Pakistani waters. The over...
Babar Zahoor, Basharat Ahmad*,Riaz Aziz Minhas and Muhammad Siddique Awan
...ck bear conflicts was damages in the form of livestock killings, crop raiding and human casualties. Estimated quantity of maize grains and fodder damaged during the years 2013-2015 was 40280 kg and 149300 kg, respectively. The total estimated cost of damages due to crop raiding (grains & fodder) during 2013-2015 was $22042.31, and the crop raiding intensity during 2015 was significantl...
Yihong Tian, Yongmei Qi*, Sajid Naeem, Ke Gao and Yingmei Zhang*
...ed by MTT assay. LDH leakage was determined using a LDH assay kit. Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry. LC3 conversion and p62 expression were evaluated by western blot analysis. MTT assay revealed that spermidine decreased the viability of Hela cells in a dose-dependent manner in conjunction with disrupted morphology. Moreover, spermidine caused cell damage as evidenced by elevated LDH leak<...
Yasir Sharif1, Saba Irshad1*, Ammara Muazzam1, Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Ambreen Kanwal1, Sana Rasheed1, Mabel Baxter Dalrymple2 and Anam Tariq1
...nd hepatomegaly. The average±SD values of patients’ CBCs and liver enzymes were: red blood cells 3.07x 1012±0.769x 1012/L, white blood cells 8.89x 109±2.849x 109/L, hemoglobin 8.01± 1.027 g/dL, platelets 321.68x 109±1.027x 109/L, serum ferritin 2773.3±1071.9ng/mL, alanine transaminase 117.12±32.001U/L, aspartate transaminase 84.77±18....

Fan Sigang1, Guo Yihui1* and Xu Youhou2

...re, gonads in maturing stage were obtained from noble scallops and sequenced using an Illumina high-throughput sequencer, producing 6.68 and 6.70 Gb of data for the ovary and testis, respectively. Reproduction-related genes, including vasa, nanos, and vitellogenin, and sex-determining genes, such as FoxL2, Dmrt, and sox9, were detected. Transcriptome comparison revealed 2,842 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 591 exhibited biased expression in th...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...er revealed that the average eDNA concentration of Sepiella japonica extracted by three kits were (4.62 ± 0.72) × 105, (3.83 ± 0.56) × 105, and (2.35 ± 0.27) × 105 copies/300 ml, respectively. The eDNA concentrations by AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit were about 83% of that extracted by DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit. However, extracting cost of an eDNA sample using AxyPrep DNA Gel Extr...

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Ayman Balla Mustafa2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5

...otential in extensive management system (EMS) and semi-intensive management system (SIMS). The mean milk yield and range of Marecha she-camel was found to be 5.6±0.3, 6.1±0.2 and 3-8, 5-9 kg under EMS and SIMS, respectively. The fat, protein, lactose, SNF and total solids percentage was found to be 4.44, 4.40; 3.42, 3.38; 4.82, 4.76; 8.96, 8.93 and 13.38; 13.33, respectively ...
Neelam Pery1*, Fatima Ijaz1, Nayab Batool Rizvi1, Munawar Ali Munawar1 and Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2*
...one resorption and cartilage destruction. We propose a dual trap to control this pathogenesis in the form of dual JAK3/BTK inhibitor. Using the computer-aided drug designing techniques, we developed dual JAK3 and BTK inhibitors based on quinoxaline derivatives which show appreciable dual inhibition in enzyme assays. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever report on dual JAK3/BTK inhibitors.
...

Shazia Rasheed1*, Javed Mustaquim2 and Khalil Hasni1

... carapace width. The average fecundity was 523773 ± 279204 (S.D) for a berried crab with a mean short carapace width of 98.53± 18.05 mm.
...
Gautam Patra1*, Ana Sahara2, Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur1, Parthasarathi Behera3, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Apurba Debbarma4 and Seikh Sahanawaz Alam5
... were released from the cages. Blood samples were examined after staining with Giemsa stain. The positive samples were used for amplification of cyt b gene of Plasmodium relictum. Cloning and sequencing of the amplified products of each samples was performed separately. Out of 120 birds examined, 25 were found positive for P. relictum based on morphology and subsequently confirmed by PCR which selectively amplified 712bp of P. relictum<...
Jian Yang1, Guangxiang Tong2, Zhipeng Sun2, Xianhu Zheng2, Weihua Lv2, Dingchen Cao2, Xiaowen Sun2 and Youyi Kuang2*
... embryonic development stages (3 hpf, 6 hpf, 12 hpf, 24 hpf, and 72 hpf) and post-embryonic stages (15 dpf, 30 dpf, 45 dpf, 60 dpf and 75 dpf). Compared to the wild-type (WT) siblings, the mutants showed no significant differences in the 5 gene expressions. Among different development stages, the expression levels and patterns of the 5 genes in the mutants were similar to that of WT zebraf...

Faiqah Ramzan1,2,*, Irfan Zia Qureshi2 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan3

...s, at three different dosage regimens: 10ρg, 1ηg and 1µg compared to control (saline-treated) rats. Effects on pituitary gonadotropins [Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)], secretion of testosterone and spermatogenesis were evaluated on alternate day for one spermatogenic cycle. Major techniques applied were; radioimmunoassay, light microscopy and stereology. Histological study of spermatogenesis was done at st

Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1

...laries, and melanomacrophage accumulation. An increase in the number and widening of melanomacrophage centers were also noted for liver, in parallel with hepatocyte degeneration and heterogenic vascular construction originating from congestion, deformation and dilatation. In kidney, degeneration, congestion, dilatation, and necrosis in proximal and distal tubules were recorded; moreover, expansions of Bowman’s space, i...

Tasleem Akhtar1, 2, Ghazanfar Ali1,* and Nuzhat Shafi2

...essential for fishery managers to impose adequate regulations for sustainable fishery management and conservation in this state of Pakistan, in which most of population depend upon fish resources. No information regarding LWRs and morphometric measurements of S. progastus and S. niger was available in Fish Base.
...
Feng Xu1,2,3*, Weikang Yang1,2,3*, Ming Ma1,2,3 and David A. Blank4
...f group size, the percentage of scanning time by one individual at least in the group increased, while the proportion of vigilant individuals in the group decreased. The group size effect was supported by our study of vigilance in Demoiselle crane and the cranes gained vigilance benefits from increasing their group size. And when the cranes in strong human disturbance area closer to the road, they devoted significantly more time to their vigilance. The signifi...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...fection by child-bearing age women in Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted and data regarding risk factors were recorded through questionnaire. A total of 405 women of child bearing age were serologically tested for T. gondii antibodies through immuno-chromatographic technique using strips (CTK, USA) and Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunossorbant Assay (i-ELISA). The study revealed that ...
Mudussar Nawaz1, Iahtasham Khan2, Muhammad Shakeell*, Arfan Yousaf1, Zahid Naseer1, Munibullah1, Ali Zohaib3, Riaz Hussain4 and Qudrat Ullah5
...rcial production and old age were important risk factors for spread of brucellosis both in goats and buffaloes. A history of abortion was significantly associated (P<0.05) with Brucella positive MRT and milk i-ELISA tests. In contrast, history of stillbirth had no significant association with anti-Brucella antibody titers. In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in Islamabad Capital Territory.
...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Shahzad Akbar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Mustaqeem2, Muhammad Luqman3, Ijaz Asghar4 and Muhammada Asam Riaz1
...ts in the future pest management programs against subterranean termites and other insect pests. 

Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1,Muhammad Asam Riaz1,Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Luqman2, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1, Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Mujahid Tanvir1 and Saadia Wahid1
...compounds in the pest management programs against agricultural and urban insect pests. 

Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mudssar Ali and Hasan Riaz
...r will lead to proper management practices during peak reproductive period of insect to avoid pest outbreak. 

Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
...oral cavity cancer, esophageal cancer, urinary bladder cancer, blood cancer and brain tumor. In addition to serum zinc level of cancer patients many other parameters were also studied such as, age limit, weight of cancer patients, effect of smoking on cancer patients, effect of radiation on cancer patients, effect of chemicals on cancer patients, infections in cancer patients and physiological changes in some patients. The e...

Agustine Christela Melviana1, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Maizirwan Mel3, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4 and Juris Burlakovs5

Gene Expression Related to Steviol Glycoside Synthesis Produced in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Shoot Culture Induced with High Far-Red LED Light in TIS RITA® Bioreactor System
...to delay the flowering stage, which may contribute to higher biomass and glycoside concentrations through greater system productivity. Hitherto, there was no significant study about the effect of far-red LED induction to improve the steviol glycoside content of Stevia plants, particularly at the molecular level. This research was therefore performed in the TIS RITA® bioreactor system to evaluate the effect of far-red LED induction towards biomass growth, m...

Samia Ikram1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Farwa Batool2 and Atyab Amjad3

Evaluation of Bird of Paradise for Commercial Flower Production by using Organic Manures
...T4 (Top dressing with sewage sludge). Maximum plant height (93.53 cm), Number of suckers (4.20), Number of leaves (8.00), Number of flowers (4.11), Stem diameter (5.025 cm) and Spike diameter (5.03 cm) were contributed by T2whereas maximum spike length (61.21 cm) was recorded in T3 and maximum shelf life (14.81 days) was noted in T4. The present research study revealed that T2 significantly contributes to commercial cut flower production of Bird of paradise in...
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
...s, and applied parentage analyses using 36 candidate parents and 136 offspring from four independent artificial breeding pilots. Based on allele frequency analysis using 36 candidate parents, the number of alleles ranged from 7 to 22, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.39 to 0.75, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. All loci were highly informative (polymorphic information content, PIC >0.5). We detected a significant correla...
Mumtazur Rahman1, Farhan Anwar Khan1,*,Umar Sadique1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Faisal Ahmad1,2, Hayatullah Khan1,3, Muhammad Saeed1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Ibrar Hussain1, M. Faraz Khan1, M. Izhar ul Haque1 and Hanif-ur-Rehman1,3

...tested chemotherapeutics agents against Mccp. Ciprofloxacin could be more effective antimicrobial in field against Mccp infection in goat.
...

Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef* and Suzan Abd-Elazeim Hassabo

The Role of Genetic Engineering in Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes with Emphasis on Root-Knot Nematodes: A Review
...teins and peptides to manage root-knot nematode. Mi gene resistance in tomato plants has been utilized to manage M. incognita and M. javanica. Also, protoplast fusion between Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa to manage M. incognita was utilized. Many genes expressed in nematode feeding cells or the regulatory regions that control these genes have been isolated. Transproteins toxic ...

Zubia Rahim1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2 and Khushnood-ur-Rehman3

Ameliorating Effects of Salt Stress (KCl, NaCl) on Growth and Germination Parameters of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum)
...h and germination percentage after treatments to 100, 150, 200 and 250mM concentration of above mentioned salts. Control petri dishes/ pots were irrigated with distilled water. The experiment was extended to study growth (number of leaves, leaf length, stem breadth, stem length, number of tillers) and yield (spike length, total seeds on single spike, whole plant weight, weight of 50 seeds per spike) parameters in the field, which was performed in completely ra...

Muhammad Abdullah1, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Jahangir Khan1*, Mohammad Fayaz1, Irfan Ullah1* and Sabeeh Ullah2

Analysis of Agricultural Land Price Determinants and Policy Implications for Controlling Residential and Commercial Encroachments: Facts from District Swabi (Pakistan)
...m 10 randomly chosen villages. Data were collected on their prices and their physical, agricultural and location characteristics. Descriptive statistical tools were used to summarize data on agricultural land characteristics. A linear Hedonic Pricing Model (HPM) was used to estimate agricultural land prices based on physical, location and agricultural characteristics. Results show that agricultural land parcels in Central Swabi district have comparatively high...

Muhammad Yasir*, Mansoor ul Hasan, Muhammad Sagheer, Amer Rasul, Rameesha Amjad Ali and Habib ur Rehman

Evaluation of Spinosad Applied to Grain Commodities for the Control of Stored Product Insect Pests
...rocessing plants and storage facilities where these products are stored. The residual efficacy of spinosad was assessed by exposing the Oryzeaphilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium to the treated commodities (wheat, maize, rice and oats) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 1 mg Kg-1 under laboratory conditions maintained at 28 ± 2oC, 65 ± 5% RH and continuous darkness. Seven bioassays were conducted by releasing the ins...

Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar

Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... questionnaire. Nine village councils from three districts were selected through random sampling techniques. The data were collected from 393 sample households and were analyzed by using paired sample t-test through Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics, percentages, and rank orders. Farm labor transformation was found significantly affecting the earnin...

Masoud Hassani1* and Omid Madadgar2,3

Serological Evidence of Bluetongue in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
...h English and Farsi language. After reviewing 82 published articles, a total of 48 studies from 29 articles were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis study. The total seroprevalence of bluetongue in apparently healthy sheep, goat, cow and camel at animal level based on ELISA test was 50.4% (95% CI= 43.5–57.2), 79.2% (95% CI= 70.7–85.8), 3.3% (95% CI= 0.6–15.0) and 44.8% (95% CI= 20.8–71.5), respectively. The estimated pooled od...
Jin-Juan Wan, Mei-Fang Shen*, Hui Xue, Hong-Yan Liu, Mei-Qin Zhang, Xi-He Zhu and Chong-Hua Wang

 

...ambarus clarkia (average weight: 3.01±0.02 g). Crayfish were randomly assigned to one of five feeding frequencies (1,2,3,4 and 5 times/day, F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) following the same ration size for 60 days. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and cumulative mortality was recorded for the next 4 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) of crayfish tended to increase initially and then de...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan and Gang Li
... peach (44.50%). The average number of eggs produced was highest on apricot (175.58 eggs) and plum (178.43 eggs). Life table parameter results showed that the net reproductive rate, intrinsic growth rate, and finite growth rate were highest on apricot (101.75, 0.0892, and 1.0933, respectively) and plum (97.75, 0.0832, and 1.0867, respectively). Mean generation time was the longest on apple (58.41 d) and peach (58.45 d). Population doubling time was shortest on...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Atiq Ur Rahman and Anwar Saeed Khan

Assessment of Irrigation Development in the Small Dams Command Area: A Case Study of Palai Dam, District Charsadda
.... The development and management of water resources are of extreme importance for the sustainable development of agriculture specifically in rain-fed areas. Palai dam is a small irrigation dam, constructed on River Jindi, some 40 km north of Charsadda town. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of the Palai dam on the irrigation system of selected villages of tehsil Tangi. The study is based on an analysis o...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Syed Faizan Iftikhar2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3*, Wajahat Ali1, Azra4 and Sajad Ali1
South Asian Experience of Trade Liberalization: Implications for Food Security
...e below the regional average values. While exploring the implications of trade liberalization for food security this study uses the panel data of five south Asian economies for a period of 24 years by utilizing the fixed effect and random effect estimation techniques. The trade liberalization link has been explored separately with each dimension of the food security. The empirical results show that the trade liberalization have negatively affect the food avail...

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3

Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...he province. At second stage, two tehsils were randomly selected from each selected district for data collection. Data was collected personally through validated and pre-tested questionnaire from all the selected ten tehsils of the selected districts in which all EFS (95) respondents comprised of Field Assistants (FAs) and Agriculture Officers (AOs) served as respondents. Five-point Likert scale (Likert 1967) was used to record the response of respondents. Res...

Asifa Kamal1*, Ghazala Noreen1 and Muhammad Amin2

Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)
...is of three surveys that age of women at first birth, region (Balochistan), wealth index (rich), education of both spouses and survey periods (2006-07, 2012-13) has significantly negative effect on the total children ever born to women in Pakistan. Child mortality (yes), husband’s desire for children (more than wife), ideal number of children, marital duration and ever use of contraceptives has significant positive contribution towards women fertility in...
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
...: justify;">With the passage of time antibiotic resistance is prevailing in microbes and current drugs are not effective enough to cure infectious diseases caused by these resistant pathogens. In this battle, there is a continuous need to develop new drugs or compounds that can cure these infections or to reverse the antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. In recent years different experimental approaches highlighted the importance of phytochemicals present ...
Saima Siddique1* and Zarrien Ayub2
... 8.2 cm and hypothetical age at length zero (t0)= -0.55 year. The longevity was calculated to be 5.7 years. The natural mortality coefficient was found to be 1.584 year-1. Further detailed studies on biological/ecological parameters of E. mathaei are needed for better understanding and management of this species in Northern Arabian Sea. 
...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...tion, eradication and management programs around the globe. The present study was coined to record the incidence of the disease in the Sargodha districts of the Punjab province. Furthermore, isolated bacterium from diseased samples was characterized morphologically and molecularly. The relative efficacy of commercially available antibiotics against the pathogen was evaluated in the lab and in field conditions. A systematic survey of randomly ten localities/sam...

Luqman* and Zahid Hussain

Impact of Tillage Tools and Weeding Regimes on Nutritive Values of Maize Grains
... interaction between tillage and weeding regimes, the maximum crude protein content, fat content, ash content and dry matter content were found in the treatments of mouldboard plough under full season weeding regime. Further, the nutritive status of maize grains gradually declined with increasing the weedy-ness duration of the crop.

...

Ahmed Weli Hussein Osman1,2, Rakibul Islam1, Md. Bazlar Rashid1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2,3* and Pravin Mishra4

Nanoparticle Tactics for the Oral Delivery of Insulin in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Model
...del. Twenty male rats of age four months were randomly allocated into four different groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3). After acclimatization diabetes was induced in three groups of rats (T1; positive control, T2: insulin only insulin, and T3; insulin with nano particles) by administered alloxan injection at dose of 120mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Group T0 was kept for negative control while T1 was kept positive control. T2 were considered as insulin treated...

 Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed3, Pravin Mishra4 and Osman Sheikh Ali Jama5

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Population Towards Brucellosis in Benadir Region, Somalia
...edge regarding causative agent was 37.5% (n=45) and the disease was 45% (n=54), while transmission of animal to human was 43.33% (n=52). The majority of participants would take actions to ensure the animal is healthy when they buy 95% (n=114), all participants would like to receive more information about the disease and majority of participants have good practices when they handling the domesticated animals and their secretions 96.66% (n=116). Populations who ...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Farrukh Sajjad, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*

Field Evaluation of Promising Botanical Extracts, Plant Essential Oils and Differential Chemistry Insecticides against Subterranean Termites Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae)
...reduced bud and shoot damage with maximum bud germination and minimum termite infestation. Maximum bud germination was recorded in chlorantraniliprole (92.99%) and chlorfenapyr (92.03%), followed by C. aurantium (92.84%) and A. sativum (85.78%) as compared to minimum bud germination in control (40.85%). Highest bud and shoot damage was recorded in control (61.92 and 48.15%, respectively), while the lowest was recorded in C. ...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Roshan Hussain1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Ijaz Asghar2 and Usman Saleem1

Comparative Analysis of Dietary Intake Patterns of Rural and Urban Communities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
...ed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the following key results were obtained. Most of the respondents from the study were above the 30 years of age (mature), illiteracy was high in rural area and most of the respondents were dependent upon business and farming as their livelihood source. Among rural communities, food group of fats and sugars was much popular and urban community of study area was much inclined...

Sajid Ali1, Abdul Basit1,3*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Izhar Ullah2, Noor Alam Khan3, Imran Ahmad1, Kamran Rauf1, Salman Khan1, Irfan Ullah1 and Intizar Ahmad1

Managing the Growth and Flower Production of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) through Benzyle Amino Purine (BAP) Application and Pinching
...owth retardant. It encourages the growth and cell division of dormant buds and bushiness of plant by reducing its height. Similarly, pinching of terminal branches increase the cytokinins and decrease auxin concentrations flourishing the axillary buds. A research study on the growth and production of zinnia flowers through application of BAP (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1) and pinching (2, 4 and 6 leaf stages), was carried out at...

Shujaat Ali1,2*, Tariq Ahmad Jan3, Khalil Ur Rahman3, Shah Masaud Khan2, Ijaz Hussain2, Waseem Ahmad2, Qasim Ayub2, Muhammad Abbas1 and Israr Ahmad1

Effect of Room Condition on Sweetening and other Chemical Components of Different Cultivars of Potato in Swat District
...ate the influence of storage at room condition on sweetening and other chemical components of potato tubers in Swat District, Pakistan. Tubers of the three cultivars, Desiree Diamont and Kruda were stored at room condition in three replications for 90 days. Data was recorded at 0 day (fresh) and at 15 days interval on Reducing Sugars (RS), Total Sugars (TS), Dry Matter (DM), Total Starch (TS), and Vitamin C. The total sugars and reducing sugars increased in th...

Imran Ahmad Rana*, Muhammad Ali Yab and Ch. Abdul Rehman

Quality Engineering Tools Implementation a Comparison of Indian and Pakistani Business Organizations
...ality engineering and management system elements. Study has yielded key outcomes which highlight that social dimension in use to practice SS in both of countries like behaviors and quality roles were varied. Moreover, results obtained from regression analysis display that there are also differences between the critical success factors (CSFs) of six sigma implementation in Indian and Pakistani organizations. Elements like manage<...

Muhammad Kashif Khan1*, Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan2, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan3, Muhammad Ishaq Khan4, Muhammad Faheem Jan Khan5 and Abdul Salam Lodhi6

 

Impacts of Construction Risk Attributes on Organizational Performance of Registered Construction Companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...g well-organized risk management. Due to the fact that having complex nature and involvement of numerous parties, the chances of being more prone to the unseen risk factors causing extensive delays, over budgeting, and underrated quality are quite recurring. A broad extent of literature is available on risk identification, analysis, and mitigation through various methods and techniques. The purpose of this study is to address the need of risk man
Jun Yan Bai1*, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Qiang Zhang2, Di Bao2, Le Ma Dao2 and Xing Hua Tian3
...tellite markers. The average number of alleles was 3.7647, the average heterozygosity was 0.6205, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.5602. It showed that the population of Sonid bactrian camel had high genetic diversity. Among 17 microsatellite markers, 4 microsatellites were found to be associated with body size traits of Sonid bactrian camels. The body length of AB ge...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...ed were pin point hemorrhages in proventriculus, demarcated button-like ulcers of intestinal mucosa, hemorrhages in trachea and spleen. Histopathological lesions observed in proventriculus were erosions in epithelium, localized hemorrhages and congestion in the glandular region. In small intestine of affected birds, villi appeared hyperemic and ulcerated. Tracheal surface epithelium often ...
Zhilong Tian1, 2, Yuqin Wang2, Jishun Tang1,3 and Mingxing Chu1*
...ze of STH sheep. The linkage of g.73310578G>A and g.73312791A>G could be used in the marker-assisted selection of the litter size of STH.
...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
Saima Yaqub1, Tahir Yaqub1*, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir2, Asif Nadeem3Aziz-Ul-Rahman1, Muhammad Furqan Shahid1, Zarfishan Tahir4 and Nadia Mukhtar4
...0.002) and those with an age between 30-39 years (27.17%; 95% CI: 19.13-37.04; p=0.039). The pol gene-based phylogeny and subtyping classification categorized the under-study sequences representing subtype A (n = 12; 46.15%), CRF02_AG (n = 6; 23.08%), subtype C (n= 5; 19.23%) and subtype G (n = 3; 11.54%). Subsequent to genotyping resistance interpretation algorithm, one major (M46L) and two accessory (N88D, L89V) PIs mutations in the protease re...
Jiawei Zhang1,2, Thomas Quirke1, Shibao Wu2*, Shaoshan Li2 and Fidelma Butler1
...estions about captive management and future research are also proposed.
...

Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Neelam Ara1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Kamran Khurshid Baigh1 and Abdul Wahab1

Effect of Seed Priming on Radish with Different Nutrients at Various Soaking Durations
...ghest germination percentage (86.4 %), percentage of survival (83.6 %), minimum days to emergence (9.1), tallest plant height (41 cm), yield of leaves plant-1 (14.4), leaf area (295.8 cm2), root length (20.6 cm), root weight in g (522.4) root diameter in cm (4.51), and total yield (23.8 tones ha-1) were obtained when seeds were soaked in DAP solution. In case of storage duration, The maxim...
Adnan Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2Muhammad Mobashar3, Ali Gohar4, Shakoor Ahmad1, Kamran Khan5Hamayun Khan1 and Shabana Naz6*

 

... T2. It reflects high damages at T3 and T1 due to cryo shock and oxidative stress respectively. Sperm DNA integrity and pH were increased linearly from T1 to T3. The dead sperm percentage was significantly (P<0.01) low in groups with semen sample treated with T2 compared to other groups. Significantly (P<0.01) high sperm individual motility percentage was observed for T2 than T3 and ...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Zahida Tasawar1, Muhammad Zaka Ullah2 and Zawar Hussain3
Parasitological and Molecular Survey on Theileriosis of Sheep and Goats and the Related Risk Factors in Musa Pak Shaheed Town, Multan, Pakistan
...nimal species, different age groups, presence of ticks, herd size and herd composition in small ruminants. The outcomes of the current survey ratified PCR amplification is discernible, specific and sensitive assay for diagnosis of ovine and caprine theileriosis.

...

Noor Ayaz1*, Faiza Aman1, Sidra Saleem1*, Maqbool Rehman1 and Muhammad Fahim2

Olive Cuttings as Affected by Different Concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid
...ing, and survival percentage. Significant differences (P≤0.01) were observed among olive cultivar treated with different IBA concentrations for days to 50% sprouting, days to rooting, and survival percentage, while non-significant differences were observed for the number of leaves cutting-1, number of sprouts cutting-1 and sprouts length cutting-1. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 3000 mgL-1 took fewer days to sprout (25.0...

Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan1, Aziz Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2 and Faisal Ahmad2

Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...y were season, location, age and sex. Prevalence was recorded higher in hot and humid months of the year because it favors the growth and development of gastrointestinal parasites. Similarly, young and male animals were found more susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites in the current study. Frequent screening of animals and deworming should be practiced for complete eradication of gastrointestinal parasites.

...

Zarqa Khalid1*, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer1, Raza Ullah1 and Shahzad Khan2

Measuring the Global Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Cotton Crop
...vealed comparative advantage indices and relative competitive advantage indices such as Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Relative Import Advantage (RMA), Relative Export Advantage (RXA) and Relative Trade Advant

Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3

Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...study employed a multi stage sampling technique to gather data on the socio-economic features of the farmers and available machinery. A total of 240 rural farmers were randomly selected from two local union councils of provincial government Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar. The accumulated data were analysed using mean and standard deviation with an acceptance mean value of ≥3.00 and estimating logit model. Socio demographic features revealed that majority (52%)...

Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2

 

Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
...lishment of emergency management unit by the agency, encouraging the involvement of the private sector in the extension service, transferring of research results on best affordable resilience practices to farmers as well as ensuring that government and other agencies are kept abreast with farmer’s feedback on their challenges in building climate change resilience.

...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
...informed conservation management actions. The autumn foraging and day-roosting site selection of the brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) was studied in Huanglong MountainsNature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China from October to November 2018. Data were collected by examination of fresh sites used by the brown-eared pheasant located on 22 transects across the entire study area. The results showed that foraging habitats were characterized by b...
Muhammad Shafiq1,2,*,Rajwali Khan1, Ilyas Ali3, Sadeeq Ur Rahman4, Saif Ullah3Shah Jan Mohammad2, Mohammad Jan2 and Jinhu Huang2
... found that the Partum stage of different cattle breeds has a significant effect on IgG in colostrum and serum of their respective calves. Therefore, the present study provided a baseline for the improvement of passive transfer of immunity to newborn calves while manipulating IgG concentration in the pre-partum stage of cattle.
...
Chen Zeng1,2, Baosuo Liu1,4, Kecheng Zhu1,4, Liang Guo1,2, Huayang Guo1,4, Nan Zhang1,4, Quan Yang1,3, Jing Wen Yang1,4 and Dianchang Zhang1,4*
...urves of the fish at the age of 2-8 months. The results showed that the three nonlinear curves could fit the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the P. teira well, and the fitting degree was above 0.99. Considering various factors of the models, the Gompertz model had the best fitting degree for body height, body length, full length and body weight. Under the optimal model, the monthly age
Mohsin Ali1, Nargis Haider Kakar2, Rida Dawood3,4, Qurat-ul-ain Fatima5, Zunera Tanveer2, Shoaib Ahmad Malik6, Tauseef Muhammad Asmat1, Asadullah1, Muhammad Masood Tariq Kiani1 and Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1*
...ients. The parameters of age, duration of diabetes and type of treatment were measured. Venous blood was taken to investigate the thyroid profiles. Out of 224 patients examined, 67.85% showed the normal thyroid profile and thyroid abnormalities were seen in 32.15% of subjects. There were 10 patients with clinical hypothyroidism, 54 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 8 patients had clinical hyperthyroidism. No case with subclinical hyperthyroidism was...

Zaka ur Rehman1*, Kashif Akbar1, Altaf ur Rehman1, Hassan Waqas1, Alif Khan1 and Asad Ali2

Development and Storage Stability of Diet Mango Juice
...l samples at 90 days storage interval. In TSS maximum (53.65%) and minimum (30.95%) losses were recorded, while in ascorbic acid, the maximum loss in T5 (44.77%) and minimum in T6 (32.59%) were recorded. Similarly, the maximum increase in pH was determined in T6 (4.85%) and minimum in T7 (2.53%) while in acidity, the maximum increase in T6 (0.26%) and minimum in T0 (0.25%) were determined. In the sugar-acid ratio, the maximum loss in T0 (74.61%) and minimum in...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3 and Waqas Raza1*

Influence of Resistance Inducers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Contents of Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars after Inoculation with Ascochyta rabiei
...in mitigating disease damage. Nevertheless, no specific rule exists that how a specific nutrient can alter the severity of the disease. Normally, plants are stressed by different environmental confines may be weakened and susceptible to disease and these include nutrient scarce plants. Tissue contents of potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus of above parts of the ground of plant in three cultivars of chickpea (‘C-44’, Bittle-98’ and ‘Pb-9...

Mehar Ul Nissa Rais1*, Tahmina Mangan1, Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito1 and Naeem Ahmed Qureshi2

A Trend Analysis: Forecasting Growth Performance of Production and Export of Chilli in Pakistan
...diseases attack, poor management practices and shortage of high yielding varieties. Sindh is major producer of chilli with 85 percent contribution in chilli production of Pakistan. Sindh and Balochistan provinces depicted a positive growth of 0.016 percent and 0.035 percent, respectively. Growth performance of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces portrayed negative growth rate -0.044 percent and -0.006 percent, respective...

Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai1, Amer Mumtaz2, Naseem Rauf1, Saeeda Raza2, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Sahar Shibli2, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim3*, Muhammad Akhtar4 and Muhammad Saad Rehan5

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Soymilk Carrot Blend
...elf life. During the storage period the samples were analyzed for different chemical parameters total soluble solids, pH, total carotenoids, protein contents and antimicrobial analysis. On the basis of quality attributes it was observed that plain and carrot supplemented soymilks remained acceptable up to 7 days at refrigerated temperature. Plain soymilk had lower TPC at both temperatures than carrot supplemented milk. pH, TSS, carotenoids and protein contents...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2

An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...ity across the world. Management of H. armigera is of prime importance to achieve sustainable chickpea yields. Its life cycle passes through egg, larvae, pupae and adult stages in about 4-5 weeks. 1st to 3rd instar larvae generally feed on leaves, twigs and flowers. In later stages larger larvae (4th to 6th instar caterpillars) shift to developing pods by making holes/bores and consume ent...

Zaheer Ahmed Deho*, Saifullah Abro and Muhammad Rizwan

Assessment of Stability for Seed Cotton Yield of Cotton Genotypes Across Different Environmental Conditions of Sindh Province
...NIA-96 produced high average yield (2339, 2280, 2128 Kgha-1) respectively having regression coefficient (bi) value 1.68,1.29, and 1.218 which indicated that these genotypes were specifically adapted to favorable environments. While, check variety Sadori with bi (0.98) showed wide adaptation to all environments. CRIS-134 showed regression coefficient (bi 0.714) somewhat close to unity 1.0 can be considered wide adaptable to some extent.

...

Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1

Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
... clusters at different stages, so that every single subgroup may be analyzed critically and it will be helpful for incorporation of desirable characters in future breeding programmes.

...

Iqtidar Hussain*, Muzafar Ali, Imam Bakhsh and Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik

Effect of Different Levels of Naphthalene Acetic Acid at Various Phenological Stages of Hybrid Sorghum to Enhance Fodder Productivity
...tion at various growth stages to increase the fodder productivity of hybrid sorghum. A field trial was carried out in RCBD having 3-replications with split-plot arrangement at Agriculture Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP during 2017. Sorghum hybrid cv. “Jumbo+” was used as tested plant material. Four levels of NAA (40, 80, 120 and 160 ml ha-1) were kept in main plots, while three crop growth st
Yasin Altay1, Saim Boztepe2, Ecevit Eyduran3, İsmail Keskin2Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Farhat Abbas Bukhari4 and Irshad Ali4
... fineness (WF), sex, dam age (DA), birth weight (BW), birth type (BT), live body weight (LBW), greasy fleece weight (GFW), staple length (SL), number of fibers (F) and average number of crimps over a length of 5 cm (ANC) were considered as possible predictors. To guarantee the highest predictive accuracy of the CHAID algorithm, minimum animal numbers in parent and child nodes were thought as 4 and 2. Model fit statistics sho...
Wentao Wang1,2, Xu Lin3, Jianshu Zhuo3, Dongjie Zhang2, Xiuqin Yang3* and Di Liu1, 2*
...through site-directed mutagenesis analysis, although their existence was predicted by bioinformatic methods. The results increase our knowledge of E2F3b mRNA diversity and provide basis for in-depth functional research.
...
Nadia Islam1, Khalil Ahmed1,*, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees1, Mujtaba Khalil2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Muhammad Ali1 and Raja Imran1
...springs of Sherqilla village, District Ghizer during winter and spring seasons. A total of twenty one samples were collected and analyzed by membrane filtration method. At Misto uch, the mean temperature was 9.7°C and 15.4°C, turbidity was 0.44 NTU and 0.67 NTU, electric conductivity was 147.4 µS/cm and 226.7 µS/cm, total dissolved solids was 99 mg/l and 118 mg/l, pH was 6.8 and 6.8 and total phosphorus was 48.3 µgP/L and 64.3 &m...
Ayesha Alam1,* and Labeeb Ali2
...treated and untreated sewage water is a serious issue in the agricultural sector as it is highly dependent on recycled water for irrigation purposes due to the shortage of fresh water resources. In this study viruses in untreated and treatedwastewater has been reviewed to evaluate the health threats to the people. It has been cited that viruses such as Rotavirus, Norwalk virus, adenovirus, and Hepatitis A virus, are common m...
Somia Shehzadi1, Sana Javaid Awan2, Maryam Javed1*, Asif Nadeem1 and Tahir Yaqub3
... AES and 10% ABS. At passage 4, each group showed same morphology and appearance, there was also no significant difference between any groups, when viability was compared by using Trypan blue staining. Collagen1 was also equally expressed in all groups and there was no significant difference observed. Thus, present study concluded that AES or ABS could also be used as affordable alternatives to FBS. ABS could be preferred as...
Pengfei Liu1*, Hongxia Liu2 and Jiajia Xiao1
...try to determine the plumage coloration in these two species in the hand. PL with dull plumage, the males had brighter head plumage than females, there was no significant difference in coloration of wing and breast plumage between two sexes. EL appeared relatively bright and polychrome plumages, and the males had extre...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Imran Rashid1*, Haroon Akbar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi3, Muhammad Asif3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Shakeel Mahmood5 and Farhan Anwar Khan6
...><0.05) high. Sex and age of the cattle were non-significantly (p>0.05) associated with prevalence of tick infestation. However, the male and young animals were affected more as compared to female and adult animals. Body regions wise distribution of tick infestation revealed that, external genitalia was the most favorite site for tick infestation (73.73%) followed by inner thighs (65%), dewlap (62.21%), neck and back (56.68%), tail (34.56%), around eyes ...
Rabia Riaz1, Khushi Muhammad1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal2, Aamir Riaz Khan2, Sadia Sarfaraz1, Mudassar Naseer3 and Khalid Majeed1
...e is poor. On 7th day of age (broilers: n=40) each bird of group A, B, C and D (n=8) was vaccinated (subcutaneous: 0.3ml) with G-MG, O-MG, G-MG+NDV (New castle Disease Virus) and O-MG vaccines, respectively. Serum samples were collected on 21, 28 and 35 days post vaccination for anti-MG-ELISA antibody titer. Cumulative mean anti-MG-ELISA antibody titer of birds to G-MG, O-MG, G-MG+NDV, O-MG+NDV and control was 80.30, 137.49, 91.59, 169.76 and 0.15 units respec...
Qianbao Wang, Zhengyang Huang, Shoufeng Li, Huayun Huang, Chunmiao Li and Zhenhua Zhao*
...ternal families were averagely distributed into three groups received treatments of 135.5, 125.5 and 115.5 g/d diet respectively with ME 2770 kcal/kg and CP 15.4% from 23 wk of age. Fertility trials were conducted in another three groups of F line hens with 20 hens in each group. A significantly positive interaction between dietary quantity and semen volume was observed (p<0.05) which showed that males fed with 135.5 g/d ...
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
...imens of spiders. Percentage accuracy of morphological identification was 92.10%. Four morphologically misidentified spiders were allotted to correct taxon after molecular identification. To describe the species diversity and richness in numerical structure, diversity indices (Shannon’s and Simpson’s) and evenness indices (Margalf’s index, Chao 1) were applied. No overlap was found between inter-specific and intra-specific divergence values. ...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3

Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...s for the insect pest management. The physical and chemical approaches are most widely used for the synthesis of nanoparticles but actually they are detrimental for the environment and human health. The emphasis of this review article is to critic the potential of nanotechnology for insect pest management. Various metals i.e. Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Silver (Ag) and Zirconium (Zr) are used for nanoparticles synthesis by usi...

Inam Ullah1,2, WU Qing-Ming1*, Ruqia Bibi2 and Najam Un Nisa2

Comparison of Nesting Site Preferences and Breeding Ecology of Red-Vented Bulbul, Baya Weaver, and Grey Bush Chat in Sheikh Badin National Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
...role in various growth stages of birds, including breeding, defense, environmental factors, shelter, and conservation.  The relation between a bird and plant species is considered to be the central aspect of wildlife and biodiversity , which makes the nesting behavior a vital factor when investigating the life of birds. This study was conducted to know the trees used for nesting by avifauna species of Sheikh Badin National Park. The current study was cond...

Sabina Noor1*, Fatimah Abang1 and Hamady Dieng2

Biology of an Exotic Butterfly Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae), in a Newly Invaded Region, Sarawak, Borneo
...o compare the immature stages of Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus 1758) (tawny coster) relative to habitat types, phenotype, and gender in Sarawak, Borneo. The nymphalid butterfly tawny coster is widely distributed throughout the Indian and Sri Lankan region and has expanded its distribution range southward through Southeast Asia and Australia. Currently establishing its population in Kalimantan, it was firstly detected in Sarawak in 2013. Comparative observations ...

Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi

Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
...al to complete foliar damage and results in about 3/5th to full failure of the lentil yield. The molecular study for the recognition and delineation of species is inevitable as high complexity is seen due to environmental concerns and contrasting morphological characteristics among species. The frequency and intensity of this disease depends on environmental and climatic factors that are mainly favored by high humidity, temperature greater than 220c, and cloud...
Eslam Moradi-Asl1*, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin2, Kamran Akbarzadeh3, Jafar Mohammad-Shahi4, Hajar Afshin4
...le with wound myiasis by agent of Lucilia cuprina, who had a history of diabetes and also blind that reefed to hospital in 13 September and was admitted to date 18 September 2019.Larvea extracted manually from thumb finger of left foot and sent to Medical Entomology Laboratory of the School of Public Health, Ardabil University of medical Sciences for identification. This case is a first time was reported from Ardabil province, northwest of Iran and the ...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...ming households. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted. Data were analyzed using Multinomial Logit Model, Gini-Coefficient, Double-Log Regression Model, (Cobb-Douglas) and Principal Component Analysis. The results of the Multinomial Logit regression model show that among the significant factors that influence the choice of rice market outlets were: sex of the household head (P<0.10), educational level (P<0.10), access to credit facilities (P<0.05...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...ght: normal;">Water shortage should be intimidating issue for agriculture crops. Adaptation of modern techniques and management practices in oil seed crops can reduce water shortage risks with optimum yield in oil seed crops. Sesame is being considered the most tolerant crop for avoiding drought conditions with higher yield. Experiments on “response of sesame to sowing methods, nitro...
Vijay Lal and Muhammad Naeem*
...akistan. The mean percentage of constituents were found to be for water 73.22%, ash 6.72%, fat 3.45% and protein 16.62% in the whole wet weight of body of T. jarbua. % water represented correlation with highly significant value (P<0.001) with protein, ash, fat and organic constituents in wet weight. Fish body weight represented highly significant (P<0.001) positive relation to all the studied body constituents in log transformed data. Total length...

Bina Khanzada1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Bhai Khan Solangi1 and Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani2

Effect of Morphological Characters of Indigenous Sugarcane Varieties on Population of Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) and its parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes (Cameron)
... of the world for its management. Considering the significant role of morphological characters of sugarcane varieties on infestation of C. infuscatellus, thus, on parasitism of C. flavipes, this study was conducted in 2013 and 2014. Ten sugarcane varieties i.e., NIA-98, NIA-2004, Thatta-10, Gulab-95, BL-4, L-116, SPS-26, AEC86-223, AEC82-1026 and Larkana-201 were used in the study, each sown on half acre area at Experimental field of Nuclear Institute of Agric...

Zafar Abbas1*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2, Muhammad Nasir3, Muhammad Ashraf4, Salma Kausar5, Nadeem Iqbal6, Muhammad Zahid Khan Nazar7, Iftikhar Ahmad3, Ghulam Murtaza1 and Ijaz Ahmad8

Evaluation of Best Dose of Micronutrients (Zinc, Iron and Boron) to Combat Malnutrition in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
...nt-1 and survival percentage except number of leaves plant-1 which were maximum in T4 i.e. (100-60-50)+ ZnSO4 0.5%. Concludingly, growth parameters of all the theree cultivars of egg plant showed maximum performance i.e plant height (88.57, 139.77 and 135.11 cm), fruit weight (213, 284 and 261 g), yield (10.11, 11.98 and 12.39 t ha-1), survival percentage (95.71, 99.63 and 90.23%) and number of fruits per plant (9.81, 8.67 a...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2 and Muhammad Ijaz1

Techniques for Micropropagation of Olive (Olea europaea L.): A Systematic Review
...re uneconomical with wastage of time while micropropagation of olive may expedite the development of important characteristics like biotic and abiotic resistance with high yield and premium quality olive oil. However, the commercial micropropagation of olive trees is currently not enough because of production cost and globally; it is mostly used for research and development on various aspects of olives. In this review, efforts are made to document the differen...

Muhammad Umair Hassan1, Muhammad Aamer1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Abdul Rehman3, Talha Aslam3, Ubaid Afzal4, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad3, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub5, Faryal Ahmed1, Ma Qiaoying1, Su Qitao1 and Huang Guoqin1*

Agronomic Bio-Fortification of Wheat to Combat Zinc Deficiency in Developing Countries
...t tissues during later stages thus resulting in an increase in Zn accumulation in wheat grains. Therefore, in this review, we discussed roles of Zn in plants and humans and possible strategies to combat Zn deficiency in humans. Additionally, challenges for agronomic and breeding strategies and possible benefits of both these strategies also discussed in this review.

...

Muhammad Farooq1*, Elham Azadfar2, Zohre Bahrami3, Mahniya Sharifi3, A. Shakoor4, Shabir Ahmed5, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Muhammad Noman Khan6, Memona Siddique7, Naila Ilyas8*, Muhammad Bakhtiar9, Mohamed El-Fatieh Ismael1 and Wang Yunyang1

Optimization of Drying Process of Rambutan by Combined Method of Osmosis Ultrasound and Complementary Drying of Hot Air
...r and weight loss, shrinkage and rehydration were evaluated. The obtained results showed that by increasing the concentration of weight and water loss, solid gain increased. Accordingly, in a higher concentrated osmotic solution, the osmotic pressure, which is a key factor in mass transfer in the osmotic dehydration process, increases by increasing concentration, the percentage of solids gain increased; shrink

Hillary M.O. Otieno

A Review of White Mango Scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution, Impact and Management Strategies
...re no clear adaptable management practices ready for farmers to implement. This has caused farmers to rely on nature and sometimes adoption of crude and ineffective traditional control methods. Farmers capable of using pesticides apply very toxic products that are not only harmful to the applicators but also to the beneficial organisms. Agronomic management strategies like right varieties, spacing, better fertilization and s...
Muhammad Farooq1*, M. Javed Iqbal2, Rizwan Shukat2, Qayyum Shehzad3, Shabir Ahmed4, Elham Azadfar5, Abdul Saboor6, Ibrar Ahmad7, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Kaleem Kakar8, Shoaib Khan9 and Wang Yunyang1
Development of Onion Powder by using Egg Albumin as a Foaming Agent by Foam-Mat Drying Process
..., 8% and 12%) as foaming agent and Carboxyl methylcellulose (0.5%) as foam stabilizer and these were dried in hot air tray drier at different temperatures (55°C, 65°C and 75°C) with 3mm sheet thickness of onion foams. Effect of different concentration of foaming agent and drying temperature was studied on moisture and drying rate of onion paste. Increase in concentration of foaming age
Xiaopeng Tang1,*, Lei Chen1, Kangning Xiong1, Dun Deng2 and Peng Peng2,*
...k-treated group, the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to meat ratio (F:G) were measured. It was revealed that the addition of DDGS up to 24% in the diet remained ineffective for ADFI, ADG and F:G. However, there a tendency of decrease in ADG was observed when 32% DDGS was added in the feed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the increase of DDGS in feed did not negatively affect t...
Ashara Sajid1, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Saeed Rauf 2, Zahoor Hussain3, Salman Ahmad1 and Yasir Iftikhar1,*
...eful to formulate the management strategies.
...
Umair Faheem1*, Qaisar Abbas1, Saghir Ahmad2, Ghayour Ahmad2, Abdul Karim2and Mussurat Hussain1
...are very effective to manage insect pests.
...
Imran Haider1, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza1*, Rashid Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Israr3, Umair Riaz4, Maliha Sarfraz5, Nasir Abbas6, Salman Haidar Abbasi7, Zafar Abbas8 and Muhammad Aamer9
 
 
...vercome this, various management practices are used one of them is the use of a growth enhancer. In the present study drought ameliorating effects of amino acid and yeast on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), development and yield were observed. A field experiment was performed at Agronomic Research Area, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur in November 2019. Factorial arrangement in Randomized complete block design (R...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
...sis of their mean percentage accuracy achieved. Variants of support vector machine (SVM) have been used for classification of four movements. Significant improvement in results has been exhibited by quadratic multiclass SVM (Q-mSVM) in terms of classification accuracy. The technique shows average accuracy percentage of 78.48% and maximum accuracy of 88.19% for one of the subjects. The prop...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
...ological situation encouraged by vegetation cover and insights into soil erosion processes can highlight useful design for new strategies on management of erosion and restoration of ecosystem.
...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...raw data to off line storage and suffer from the trade-off of an insufficiently rigorous sampling rate. Furthermore, the phases leading to useful decision-making often follows pre- and post-processing in a subjective manner, which is tedious, time-consuming and erroneous. An important and an unrealized need of these systems is the real-time answer from the acquired data, which is often multi-dimensional and at remarkably high-resolution. The inherit noise in t...

 Shuanping Zhao, Lei Xu, Hai Jin and Yutang Jia*

...l (PIC<0.25). LD (Linkage disequilibrium) analysis showed that SNP g.1694T>A and g.2213C>G had a strong linkage (r2>0.33), a total of four different haplotypes were constructed and the frequency of the main haplotypes AAG accounted for over 61.2 % of the total individuals. Association analysis indicated that all of the three SNPs were significantly associated with growth traits in the detected populati...
Humza Sami1, Mahnoor Sagheer1, Muhammad Amir Altaf1, Javaid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Zubair1,*
 
...uction of breast tumor images. An UWB Vivaldi antenna is used in the bandwidth of 2-6 GHz to detect and localize the small tumors. The prototype hardware setup uses two Vivaldi antennas, one as transmitter and other as receiver for scanning. The distance between phantom and antennas is kept almost 20 cm. The scattered signals from the high contrast objects emulating the tumor characteristics have been processed through an open-source imaging algorithm, known a...
Faiz Muhammad Khand1,Allah Bux Kachiwal2, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Pershotam Khattri2, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Nazar Ali Korejo2 and Ambreen Leghari1*
... to estimate gestational age of teddy goat by B-mode ultrasound measurement of embryonic or fetal parts and uterine diameter throughout pregnancy by transrectal approach. Three parameters crown rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD), and uterine diameter(UD)were selected for measurement of gestational age with the weekly interval from 3rd week to 15 weeks of gestation of 12 pregnant teddy goats, all three p...
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
...ge peels. Highest percentage of alanine (24.72%) and aspartic acid (17.83% and 14.57%) were observed in dried single cell microbial protein produced on sugarcane molasses, orange peels and apple waste, respectively. Soybean meal protein source in broilers ration was replaced by SCMP. The level of antibody titre against Newcastle Disease Vaccine was significantly higher (p≤0.05) than all treated groups. Higher antibody titre was recorded for group C (6g/Kg) ...
Amjad Ali, Kafeel Ahmad*and Shaista Rahat
...cern and needs proper management. Non-selective and over use of antibiotics should be avoided and proper control measures should be taken to avoid the spread of these multi-drug resistant strains.
...
Małgorzata Dzierzęcka1, Sławomir Paśko2, Marcin Komosa3, Karolina Barszcz1, Bartłomiej Jan Bartyzel1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
...yzed the impact of horse age and body weight on the angle between the parietal surface of the coffin bone and the ground. A precise description of the plantar margin and the inclination of the parietal surface of the bone may contribute to a better understanding of the biomechanics and strength of the hoof, in particular in horses with higher body weights. The study material included coffin bones of the thoracic limb, isolated post-mortem from 39 cold-blood ho...
Qin Liu1,2, Bin Wang1,3, Yu Xu1,4, Xiuyue Zhang1, Tao Zeng1* and Jianghong Ran1*

 

...llite loci to test parentage and kinship for a wild population with 29 individuals from 10 different families (A-J). The 17 loci with the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.566 and the combined probability of exclusion for the second parent (CPE2 = 99.98%) met the minimum standard of international human paternity test. Among all 18 identified birdlings and helpers, bi-parents of eight offspring were successfully inferred and single parents of seve...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
... develop eco-friendly management of white grub. Fermented extracts of four herbs Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia sieversiana, Peganum harmalla and Tagetes minuta were evaluated against white grub under field conditions for two consecutive growing seasons during 2018 and 2019. The minimum per cent infestation, number of white grubs per plot, yield loss and maximum tuber yield was recorded in plots treate...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
 
 
...tive and quantitative damages to various fruits. The present study was executed to record the population dynamics of these fruit fly species in guava and mango orchards with respect to meteorological factors using methyl eugenol-baited traps. The results revealed that population of both the species highly fluctuated round the year. B. zonata appeared to be the most abundant species both in mango and guava orchards as compared to B. dorsalis. The ...
Mashal Malik and Mudassar Nawaz Khan*
 
... mapped on different linkage groups, were used for analyzing genetic variations in soybean. All the primers were amplified with two different-sized alleles against each primer. Dendrogram was constructed using software SAS by Neighbor-Joining method which clustered the soybean lines into two groups. Maximum genetic dissimilarity (7) was found between line B24G14 and line B23G16. From the results of the study, it was clear that B20G16 had maximum morphological ...
Arsalan Khan1, Aminullah Khan2, Dil Fayaz Khan2, Sajid Khan1, Anjum1, Waqar Ali3, Habib Akbar1 and Ahmad Khan1*
 
 
...t comprised of three tillage practices i.e. Shallow tillage (ST), Conventional tillage (CT) and Deep tillage (DT) and eight nitrogen treatments (Control, 100% Urea, 100% FYM, 100% PM, 50% Urea/FYM, 50% Urea/PM, 50% FYM/PM and 33.33% each PM/FYM/Urea). These ratios provided a total of 120 kg N ha-1. The wheat cv. Pakhtunkhwa-2015 was sown with ...
Muhammad Zubair1, Habib Ahmad2*, Brian E. Hemphill3, Muhammad Tariq4 and Muzafar Shah5
Naveed Akhtar1*, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1*, Sadia Tabassum1
Munawar Saleem Ahmad2 and Khan Dil Badshah3
...ferent organs and DNA damage in Chirruh snow trout Schizothorax esocinus. WBCs, RBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets were significantly decreased in all treatedgroups compared to control. Monocytes showed significant increase in all experimental groups. Lymphocytes counts significantly decreased in all treated groups compared to control groups. Neutrophils count increased significantly in all treated groups. Among electrolytes, sod...
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...nsect biological control agents for use under field conditions. UV-irradiation of Metarhizium lepidiotae, coupled to growth selection, second metabolites change and insect bioassays using Plutella xylostella larvae as the host resulted in the isolation of a collection of mutants with increased virulence. One mutant, designated, MlUV-40b showed
Wali Muhammad1*, Humayun Javed1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...t dates. The maximum average shoot infestation of 9.7% was observed on late sown crop (10th of April) while the minimum average shoot infestation (8.9%) was recoded on crop sown on 20th of March. Square infestation on brinjal plants sown at different times was at par at both the locations and was found slightly higher at farmer field. The maximum average fruit infesta...
Ye Ge1, Chunmiao Zhao1, Weitian Xie2, Ying Liu2,* and Chunhou Xu1,*
...of fermentation, the average pH value was 4.47. The average number of colonies in the culture medium was 18.4. The production of protoplasts lays a foundation for research in microecological preparation.
...
Muhammad Rashid, Mahmood Ahmad Sajid, Nosheen Noor Elahi, Sibgha Noreen and Kausar Hussain Shah*
 
...reased due to water shortage. Variety Pu19 had greater chlorophyll contents in comparison to other wheat varieties in drought conditions. The total soluble proteins, proline, glycinebetaine and phenolic contents were improved in all three wheat varieties under drought stress. The variety Pu19 was exhibited a higher level of proline, glycine betaine and phenolic contents were. Similarly, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) w...
Muhammad Younis1, Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Mustansar Abbas1Ali Murtaza1, Imran Mohsin2, Muhammad Shahzad3 and Muhammad Zahid Tahir1
...adioimmunoassay. The average length of the estrous cycle in Lohi sheep was 17.0±0.1 days and follicular and luteal phases were 4.6±0.2 and 11.3±0.2 days long, respectively. Estrous cycles had either three or four follicular waves; 3-wave cycles were more frequent than 4-waves (87vs.13%; p≤0.05, respectively). In 3-wave cycles (n=14), follicles (≤ 3mm) emerged on Days 0.7, 5.2 and 10.5. In 4-wave cycles (n=2), follicles emerged...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
... having complete IPM package with 15.60, 14.09 and 10.32 % increased value of guava, citrus and mango orchards during following year. 
...
Ijaz Haider1*, Muhammad Akhtar1, Ali Noman2 and Muhammad Qasim3
...t trap in March when average temperature was 18°C. YB and WB had first peak population in mid-April at temperatures 30-33°C while second peak was observed in mid-September. Pink stem borer first peak population was observed in mid-March while second in mid-November. Rice leaffolder (RLF) started to appear in 3rd week of August. Peak population of whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) was observed in mid-October. Rainfall was found to be significant...
Ying Liu1, Shankun Liu1, Hui Wang2 and Weihua Su2,*
...tal 36 female rats were caged into the male rats for the pregnancy, and 33 female pregnant rats were collected and weight. The female rats were group into following groups and each group contains 6 rats. Once the pregnancy was verified, the streptozotocin (STZ) single intraperitoneal injection was used for the induction of diabetes. The rats were received the various dose of caffeic acid. After the pregnancy (19 day) the blood sample was collected via puncturi...
Muhammad Naeem1,2, Nasir Rajput1,2, Sher Ali3, Asmatullah Kaka2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Mehvish Rajput2 and Tian Wang1,*
...o it could be used as forage for ruminants.
...

Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Haris Khurshid1, Muzamil Hussain2 and Shahid Ali Khan1

 

 

...(5.548), shelling percentage (4.630), 100-kernels weight (3.738), and leaflet length (2.950) with dry pods yield, indicating the importance of traits linkage in groundnut genotypes improvement. A weak direct effect was found among morphological traits i.e., number of branches (1.419), plant height (.311), and plant width (1.058). A strong indirect effect was witnessed by Leaflet width (-2.225) with dry pods yield. Furthermor...
Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar3, Eman R. ElBealy4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen3*
...ng-induced testicular damage. Samples from 30-months old rats’ testis were examined before and after 200 mg of quercetin/Kg administration. Before quercetin administration, they showed an increase in the lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine while showed a decrease in the superoxide dismutase activity, testosterone level and sperm count and viability. Seminiferous tubules diameters were 84.3 ± 5.6 µm and their epithelium h...
Baochao Liao1,2, Xiujuan Shan2,3* and Yunlong Chen2,3
...oupling of a DEB with an agent-based model (generating a DEB- ABM) enables examination of the effects of environmental change at a population-level on a species to be examined. The present study applied a DEB-ABM to the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus. The DEB-ABM accurately captured energy acquisition and allocation throughout the anchovy lifecycle (egg, yolk sac larva, exogenous feeding larva, juvenile, and adult) and predicted how individual-lev...
Muhammad Qayash Khan1,2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Muhammad Adnan3, Abbas Khan1, Hafsa Zahid1, Javed Nawab4, Sher Zaman Safi5Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah6, Atif Kamil7 and Abid Ali1*
...problems in fisheries management and conservation practices. The purpose of the present study was a molecular characterization of fish species of economic importance belonging to the genus Schizothorax, Tor and Mystus collected from various rivers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The samples were morphologically identified, its mitochondrial DNA was extracted and subjected to molecular characterization by amplifying and sequencing the mitochondri...
Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khalid Munir1, Ghulam Abbas1’*, Isra Munir1Mumtaz Ahmad Khan1, Asif Iqbal1, Munsoor ud Din Ahmad1, Muhammad Arshad Javid2, Zareen Fatima1 and Maria Arshad1
...ponsible for high percentage of (around 30%) of common cold/flu cases. Viruses causing SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are members of family Coronavirdae. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the novel Cov-19 virus infection was first diagnosed in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China during December 2019. Initially the virus was named as nCoV-19 and later disease due to this virus was named as COVID-19, and recently named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome C...
Laura Alejandra Arriola-Mosqueda1, Yadira Jiménez-Lara2, Eugenia del Carmen Prieto-Avella1, Carlos Ricardo Cruz-Vazquez3, Roberto Montesinos-Matias4, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas2, Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos5, Jaime Molina-Ochoa6,7 and César Andrés Angel-Sahagún2,*
...%, respectively. The average radial growth ranged from 2.3–3.3 mm per day. The pathogenicity results for eggs and larvae showed 100% mortality for both biological stages. The Ma4 strain showed an outstanding LC50 value with 1.78 × 10E6 conidia mL-1. M. anisopliae is effective for controlling R. sanguineus, and that the radial growth characteristics and germination were not corr...
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
...ni (Kirkaldy) on Lagerstroemia indica have been given. Studies suspected that C. notata parasitizes the immature of Ischiodon scutellaris (F.) like other reported species of this genus. Main diagnostic characters, brief description, morphometrics and illustrations are provided. Comparison of recorded species with type species has been provided. World distribution and distribution in Pakistan has been given using Arc GIS tools.
Iftikhar Hussain1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Muzafar Shah2*, Mohammad Salim3, Shabir Ahmed1, Sana Ullah1,Sidra Batool4, Nadia Saeed1 and Khalid Usman1
Qiang Tang1 and Qianli Tang2*
...d width of subdermal collagen fibers also decreased (p<0.001), inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in skin tissue increased (all p<0.001), and expression levels of Ang-1 and Tie-2 proteins in skin tissue decreased (both p<0.001). Compared with model group, thickness of epidermis, dermis and collagen fibers, and expression levels of Ang-1 and Tie-2 proteins in skin tissue in iso...
Hina Habib Syed1, Muzafar Shah2*, Shahid Sherzada3 and Masroor Elahi Babar1
... were collected from all age groups patients visiting hospital labs and District Head Quarter Laboratory who were recommended for diagnosis of malaria. About 1050 patients were examined and malaria was detected through microscopy of thick and thin blood smears and rapid diagnostic test of which 118 (11.24%) were found infected with malaria parasite. Comparative Data was also collected from other labs of District Swat which accumulated to a total of 9255 patien...
Rao Muhammad Ramiz1, Arfan Ahmad2*, Aamir Ghafoor2, Muhammad Avais3, Qurat-ul-Ain1 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
... association of BLV with age, herd size, parity, breeding (AI, Bull) and country of import. The animals found positive were imported from US, therefore there is a need to conduct a national epidemiological study on BLV to find out its true picture.
...
Nosheen Basharat1, Usman Waheed2,3*, Muhammad Arshad1, Noor e Saba4, Iram Masood1, Akhlaaq Wazeer1, Ahmad Farooq1, Sadaf Moneeba1Abdul Rauf5 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3

 

...r TTV. Collective percentage of TTV prevalence in HCV, HBV and healthy blood donors by ELISA and PCR were 22%, 38%, and 25%, respectively. To conclude, TTV is found with other transfusion transmitted infections, hence, preventive measures should be taken for better health of general population as blood donors represent healthy pool of society. TTV prevalence knowledge in Pakistan will help to develop strategy to control virus transmission in healthy population...
Riffat Sultana1*, Nuzhat Soomro2, Santosh Kumar3 and Ahmed Ali Samajo2
...ral sequence i.e. age of maturation, duration of pre-copulatory and mating, interval between each mating, length of copulation, and number of mating in entire life of insect and also discussed its implications in the observed mating behavior. We examined that reproductive activity of Oxyinae was at its maximum in August to December. Mating duration has also been identified as a pest control method in which the insect does not become resistant.
Tanveer Hussain, Masroor Ellahi Babar*, Akhtar Ali and Fiaz Hussain
...gh MEGA 6.1 software package using the Neighbor Joining method with a bootstrap value of 1000. Finally, the dromedary camel sequences from Pakistan were compared with corresponding genetic sequences of other animal species available on NCBI including European bison, Indian bison, Tibetan antelope, wild yak, domestic goat, sheep, water buffalo and cattle for biological positioning of dromedary camel. The results reconfirmed the classical biological classificati...
Eman Khalifa1*, Riad Khalil2 and Haitham Elaadli3
.../i> can be the causative agent of mastitis in Egyptian Buffaloes and could be a potential risk for zoonotic transmission to man as well as economic losses. So, strict hygienic regulations and novel diagnostic tools should be used for prevention and detection of tuberculous mastitis in buffaloes’ farms. The general public health should also be intensely warned from consuming raw or unpasteurized milk. All these prophylactic measures will eventually lead t...
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Asif Sadam and Sajid Mahmood*
...cultural fields. The average monthly population density was 0.198±0.04/ha by line transect method. During the period June, July, September and October 2017, significantly (P<0.05) high population density was recorded as compared to the population density recorded during May, August, November and December 2017and January-April 2018 both in the morning and evening. Significantly (P<0.05) high population density (0.0060±0.00...

Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi, Muhammad Salim* and Iftikhar Ahmad 

 

...efficacy of different management techniques were studied against thrips (Thrips tabaci)nymph and adult populations in garlic crop during the year 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design having two factors with three replications and six treatments. Treatments Emamectin 1.9 EC @ 750 ml ha-1, orange (Citrus aurantium L.) peel extract @ 5%, neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract @ 5%, neem oil @ 3%,...

Dabesa Wegari and Fikiru Temesgen Gelata*

 

 

...izontal and vertical linkages/relationships between the chain actors and on mutually beneficial actions for the smallholder farmers.

...
Saba Shabeer1, Riffat Tahira2 and Atif Jamal3*
 
...ck plants at different stages causing considerable damage amounting to millions of rupees. One of the plant pathogenic fungi is Fusarium spp. Fusarium species are very well-known soil-inhabiting fungi that cause many economically important diseases of crops.Many species are included in the Fusarium genus, which are not only pathogenic to plants but also cause different diseases in humans and li...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
... promising nutritious forage to the livestock on the sustainable basis, feedstock for biofuel and also has proven to be environmental friendly. The purpose of this study is to assess the biomass production of mott grass and its capability to sequester Carbon from the environment in the barani areas of Pothwar region in Pakistan. The research study was conducted under rained condition in the field area of Rangeland Research Institute National Agricultural Resea...
Kartika Noerwijati1*, Sholihin Sholihin1, Tinuk Sri Wahyuni1, Rohmad Budiono2, Nguyen Van Minh3, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi4, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile5 and Lulu Husna6
 
 
...selection in the early stages involved a large number of clones, therefore cluster analysis (the K-means cluster analysis method) was carried out to classify clones based on tuber yield and harvest index and to facilitate the selection process. The aim of this study wasto select high yielding cassava clones as selection material for the next stage of selection in the highlands. The F1 seedlings population selected...
Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary1, Saleem Ashraf 2, Muhammad Yaseen3 and Muhammad Luqman3
 
 
... through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results unveiled that average age of respondents was 25.03 years. Maximum respondents (31.96%) had received DAS from IATI, Sargodha while least contribution came from University of Agriculture Faisalabad (2.86%). Family background of 77.45% respondents was rural and farming was key source of income for more than half of respondents (...
Sana* and Abbas Ullah Jan
 
...led that a child’s age, gender (male) and school distance (more than walking distance) were found positively associated with a child’s involvement in agriculture. Household characteristics, such as head’s education, monthly income and ownership of agricultural land were important negatively affecting the determinants of child involvement in agriculture.The study recommended forceful control of child labour in agriculture and ensuring their ac...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
 
 
...ondents (rural female engaged in different farming activities). Data were collected through pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed using SPSS. Results showed that an overwhelming majority of respondents (89.1%) were perceived that family farming played a significant role in improving their livelihoods on a sustainable basis. A large majority (84.6%) of respondents reported the positive role of family farming in rural livelihood development. Among different...

Muhammad Ihtisham1, Noor Amjad2, Muhammad Nauman3, Asghar Ali3, Khawar Riaz3, Muhammad Sajid3, Muhammad Owais Shahid*3 

 

...m plant emergence percentage (97.78%). The seeds sown on 14th April gave minimum days to germination (9.03) and seedling emergence (18.38), but also gave maximum plant emergence percentage (85.83%), plant height (22.63 cm), number of leaves (28.34), leaf area (7.13 cm2), stem diameter (0.39 cm), fresh leaves weight (2.79 g), stem fresh weight (1.55 g), length of roots (20.99 cm) and winter survival of plants (93.03%). It was...
Yuanyuan Zhang1*, Liping Song1, Hui Guo2, Jun Wu1, Xiaoli Wang1 and Fangbin Yao1
...r feed) inhibited the damage of liver tissue structure caused by carbon tetrachloride and made liver tissue structure return to normal. Meanwhile, dietary curcumin supplementation could also increase the live Nrf2 mRNA level and Nrf2 protein level in the liver nucleus, and those of the P5 group were highest. Overall, the results indicated that appropriate dietary curcumin supplementation could enhance the growth (especially 60 and 120 mg kg-1 curcum...
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
...eatments at different dosages (0, 5, and 10mg/L ENR) using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. A total of 11 phyla comprising 76 genera were detected. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased (from 34.96% to 77.31%) with the increasing of enrofloxacin exposure dosage. The dominant position of Tenericutes was replaced by Proteobacteria, and in parallel the proportion of Tenericutes slumped to 3.85%. At th...
Waseem Khalid1, Ali Ikram1*, Muhammad Rehan2, Farukh Adeem Afzal1, Saadia Ambreen1, Marryam Ahmad3, Afifa Aziz1 and Anam Sadiq1
...luding anti-inflammatory agents, hypoglycemic agent, antimicrobial, anti-genic and antioxidant potential.
...
Salman Ali1*, Ayaz Ali2, Riaz Ali Rind2, Majid Ali3, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2, Shagufta Naz3, Muhammad Shakir3, Rashid Ahmed Qaim Khani1
...n microwave resulted average value of moisture 65.03%, titratable acidity 1.78%, pH value 6.26, protein 24.07%, fat 3.76%. Whereas, the fried fish resulted moisture 62.16%, titratable acidity 1.39%, pH value 5.96, protein 21.11%, fat 5.93%. The fish grilled resulted in moisture 60.19%, titratable acidity 1.32%, pH value 5.89, protein 20.28%, and fat 4.13%. According to the sensory evaluation the result of microwave method were found significantly high than oth...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...hrough frequency, percentage and multiple regression with a dummy variable model. The majority (46.2%) apricot growers cultivated apricot on 01 kanal of land and major group (31.8%) were getting 51-70 Kg yields per tree. Moreover, 68.9% of apricot growers used chemical fertilizers, and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) application was also in practice by 62.9%. Apricot growers in major cases (59.1%) irrigated their crops in drought periods.In the majority of cases throug...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
 
 
...nts i.e. 50% were in the age limit between 31-40 years. Almost 36.25% respondents had elementary level education. Further, it is reported that 28.75% respondents had 30 acres landholding, while 28.75% of the farmers having upto 20 acres landholding. Land tenure system of the respondents were examined and found that most samples i.e. 64 % were in absentia training load (zamindar). Samples were analyzed on the basis of farmers’ income, and it has been foun...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Nadia Mangrio1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2, Ghulam Sughra Mangrio3, Nihaluddin Mari4, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5
 
 
...2017-18 and data was averaged. The sugarcane variety PSTJ-41 was used for this study. The experiment was laid out in spilt plot design. Main-plot consisted of planting methods i.e. single set (parallel to furrow), double sett (parallel to furrow), single set (across furrow) whereas, sub-plot comprised of NPK levels i.e.166-084-165 kg ha-1 (25 % < recommended), 225-112-220 kg ha-1 (recommended), 281-140-275 kg ha-1 (25%>re...
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...terpreted in the early stage was manually recorded and Ovi interactive map APP was used for location photography to record the land use situation of each map spot in the survey unit. The land use situation was revised based on ArcGIS in the later stage. The overall soil erosion of woodland and grassland was relatively light with sheet erosion as the main type. Soil erosion mainly occurred in construction land. Gully erosion ...
Saad A. Moussa1, Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud Abdullah2*, Mahmoud Saied1, Mustafa Saleh1, Mohamed A. Soliman2 and Ali Mahmoud Zanaty2
...showing deaths and haemorages of inoculated SPF ECE eggs, harvested allantoic fluids showed haemagglutination activity by using 1% RBCs and also haemagglutination inhibition in case of using NDV reference antiserum, As well as realtime polymerase chain reaction by using standardized NDV specific primers and finally eight viruses were selected for further sequencing for the partial fusion protein, The eight NDVs isolates of velogenic genotype VII and contain th...
Ryan Septa Kurnia1* and Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto2
 

...e-clinical tools for new-agent screening prior to clinical testing, there is a growing awareness of the limitations of animal research and its inability to make reliable predictions for human clinical trials. Recently, 3D cell culture produced by researchers to improve better mimic tissue physiology of better in vitro cell culture model. It is may enable microbiologists to create infection models that combine respiratory tissue culture engineering with ...
Sohail Akbar1*, Muhammad Shafiq2, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal2, Kashif Ishaq2, Muhammad Kamran2, Shazia Shamas3, Arbab Sikander4 and Muhammad Hashim5
 
 
...ue to heat stress. In managemental perspective, cooling systems (Fans and mist) along with shades and grazing at night are involved in environmental modification. Due to heat stress, intake of dry matter decreases but requirement of energy increases along with the bypass protein. So there is need of nutrition based management of animals in proper way.
...

 Caner Öztürk1*, Mücahid Onay1 and Neşe Hayat Aksoy2

...nbsp;±2.9) percentages compared to the control group (46.68 ±2.9; 40 ±4.08%, p<0.05). All the groups with antioxidants showed decreased levels of TOS in all sonication replicates compared to the control group (p<0.05). The methionine group showed statistical differences in the TAS level measurements between the 4 and 8-repeat sonication compared to the control group (p<0.05). Upon the examination of the dam
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Sadia Roshan2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...ith symptoms like hemorrhage, swelling of the belly and anus, scale damage etc. The pathogen challenged fish were administered with Sphingomonas sp.AsCh-P3 (group-G1) and B. aerius AsCh-A7 (group-G2) treated feed in different experimental set ups. Highest Relative Percent Survival (80-90%) was recorded for fish receiving probiotic feed prior and after injection (G1b, G2b). Provision of probiotics was evident to...
Aylin Celile Oluk1*, Ugur Serbester2, Murat Reis Akkaya3 and Oya Berkay Karaca4
...ies, breeds, lactation stage and location affect milk composition. We evaluated the composition of Kilis goat milk in two different seasons on the basis of alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, indoles, carboxylic acids, aromatic hydrocarbons and terpenes. Milk samples were collected at the early and late lactation periods from Hatay and Kilis, Turkey. During both periods, the goats consumed a diversity of plant species. Milk collected from Kilis had 15.27-16....
Ibrar Muhammad Khan1, Dezhi Xu1, Zubing Cao1, Hongyu Liu1, Adnan Khan2,  Sajid Ur Rahman3, Jam Zaheer Ahmed4, Muhammad Akmal Raheem5 and Yunhai Zhang1*
... Hence, the antioxidants agents(L-cysteine and vitamin E) were added into semen diluent and assessed the freeze-thawed semen quality parameters. The ejaculates were collected from two crossbred groups (Sahiwal × Holstein-Friesian), and (Achai × Jersey) and, split into seven aliquots while extended with three different concentration (5, 7.5 and10 mmol) of L-cysteine diluents and followed by other three concentrations (1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 ...
Hagar E. Mohammed1, Ranwa A. Elrayess2 and Heba N. Gad El-Hak2*
...uated the deleterious damage to the testes, the sperm index and the sex hormones. This study indicated that the traditional use of these two herbs as a mixture has no effects on male reproductive health.
...

 Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1

...nd following Mubarak Village and Astola Island. Majority of the recorded fishes were planktivorous. Compare to Churna and Mubarak Village, physico-chemical parameters at Astola Island were found in limits as preferred by fish and coral communities for their proper growth. Fish accumulation appeared to be link with coral cover, diversity and growth forms. Low diversity at Astola Island was mainly due to habitat destruction ca...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6

...s, with the overall mean age of 38.7 ±13years. However, the mean age was higher (36±13.1 years) in the HBV/HIV as compared to HBV-mono (40.6 ±12.7 years) infected patients. The mean age of patients was 36,92 ± 15,35 years. One hundred and three (63.6%) of them were males and 59 (36,4%) were females. Ten (11.1%) of patients were positive for anti-HD antibodies. t...

Saad A. Moussa1, Ahmed F. Afify1*, Suzan Salah2 and Ayman Hamed3

...calves up to 3 months of age. A total of 20 fecal samples were collected in the winter season of 2018 and 2019, all samples were serologically screening by antigen-capture ELISA, then molecular confirmation by RT-PCR targeted to nucleocapsid protein gene (N-gene) was carried out followed by phylogenetic analysis. Positive samples were isolated on Vero cell culture and identified by TEM and immune-peroxidase technique. Betacoronavirus 1 was detected by ELISA in...
Bram Brahmantiyo1,*, Henny Nuraini2,3, Astari Wibiayu Putri3, Maizirwan Mel4,5 and Cecep Hidayat6 
 

... New Zealand white). The age of the rabbits evaluated in this experiment was rabbits with age 20 wk old. The mean birth weight for Hyla was 53.6 g + 7.5 g, Hycole was 51.6 g + 9.9 g, and NZW was 54.4 g + 10.7 g. This experiment was carried out for 3 mo. The feed used during the experiment was commercial feed. A complete randomized design with unbalanced data analysis was used for quantitative traits and descriptive analysis ...
Haris Setiawan1, Aris Winaya1,*, Herwintono Herwintono1, Mulyoto Pangestu2 and Yayuk Kholifah3
 

...ality due to membrane damage. Antioxidants protects the membrane of spermatozoa. This study aimed to observe the effects of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata [Bloch 1793]) Extract (SFE) supplementation in tris Egg-yolk extender on mortality and motility of spermatozoa of Limousin bull (Bos primigenius f. taurus [Linnaeus, 1758]) collected from Singosari Artificial Insemination Center, Indonesi...

Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14

... administration and/or usage in both humans and farm animals have led to a consistent interference and contamination of biomes and ecobiomes. These resultantly give platforms for positive selection of resistant pathogens and high levels of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs). We examined Nigerian Chimpanzees in Boki Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Cross-River State, Nigeria, to detect ARGs. Faecal samples from 15 Chimpanzees in pristine enclosures of Non-Human...

Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4

...e urban designs, risk management against natural hazards and mapping of water-sector development in line with the Sustainable Development Goals; and trade in water-intensive crops. Both governments can learn from each other and update their respective water policies in the light of these quantitative findings. 

 

...
Dara Jaff1,2* and Michael C. Jarvis
... in years with above average rainfall. Barley cultivars and landraces bred adapted to these conditions have thinner straw than higher-yielding cultivars adapted to more favourable growing conditions and may lodge in a different way. Using straw dimensions and material properties derived from Kurdish landraces of barley, a finite element model of lodging straw under wind and gravity loading was constructed. Bending moments due to gravity and wind were explicitl...
Wahyu Widodo1,*, Imbang Dwi Rahayu2, Adi Sutanto3, Apriliana Devi Anggraini4, Harum Sahara4
Sara Safitri4 and Abubakar Yaro5,6
...nd carcass weight percentage, but it had no significant effect on abdominal fat weight percentage, feed efficiency, meat dry matter content, meat organic matter, meat ash content, dry matter, and organic matter digestibility in super kampong chicken. The best treatment was curcuma by 1 % as feed additive due to the increase of carcass weight percentage by the value was 69.60 %.
...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Yu Chen, Jing Yun Li, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Kun Peng Shi and Xue Yan Fu
... up with the increase of age from the 8th week to 12th week. Such growth rate declines gradually with the increase of age from the 12th week to the 15th week. The best regression equation for the number of eggs of Beijing white quail, Korean quail and Chinese yellow quail to week-age were: Y=-12.153+1.850X-0.003X3 (R2=0.991)...

Masood Sadiq Butt1, Sadia Aslam1,2, Rizwan Shukat1,*, Syed Qamar Abbas1, Muhammad Issa Khan1, Shadab Shaukat3 and Muhammad Shahid4

...It was considered as garbage of no financial value and disposed of without any attempt of recovery. The aim of this study was to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for production of protein hydrolysate with enhanced functionality. Minced rohu (Labeo rohita) waste mainly comprising of head, tail, fins and skin was considered as raw material to prepare protein hydrolysate using flavorzyme enzyme. The results showed that response surface methodology was em...
Saima Siddiqui1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed 1Abdul Sattar Buriro2, Sohail Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4 and Muhammad Asam Riaz4*

 

...rphological marker to manage pressure of sucking pests such as jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) on cotton. To this end, the present research was conducted on various cotton varieties classified on the basis of their genetic characteristics such as nectard (CIM-554, CIM-557and MNH-786), nectariless (Stoneville-701, Stoneville-697, and Stoneville-857), high gossypol ...
Canan Vejselova Sezer*
...hesis of a new effective agent of a different type, silymarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and investigation of its effectiveness on treatment of lung and breast cancers. In this respect, these nanoparticles and silymarin were elucidated by using MTT assay for cytotoxicity, annexin-V analyses for cell death mechanism and confocal and transmission electron microscopies for morphological and ultrastructural changes. Based upon our findings, it can be conclud...
Rukhsar Ali* and Ali Muhammad
 

...ine-height: normal;">Storage stability of mango and loquat blended pulp was conducted to study the effect of selected food chemical preservatives i.e. sodium benzoate (SB), potassium metabisulphite (KMS) and potassium sorbate (PS) on physicochemical qualities (total soluble solids, pH, acidity, phenolic compounds, total sugars, antioxidant activity, Vitamin C content) and sensory evaluation as color, taste, and overall acceptability stored at ambient condition...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
 
 
...nd semi-arid with a drainage contributing area of 6524 km2. The RUSLE factors were calculated through vulnerable erosion zones remote sensing datasets demarcated by GIS. Computed soil erodibility, rainfall erodibilty, topographic-length-slope, crop management and conservation factor reveal interesting results and are in accordance with the local estimations that agree with each other well. The output maps indicate...
Arshad Bhat1*, Masudul H. Wani1, Shabir A. Wani2, Abid Qadir3, Iqra Qureshi4 and Abid Sultan2
 

...des in biodegradable packages for reducing the environmental damage caused due to dumping of polyethene and other non-degradable bottle in the canals, streams orchards and other open spaces. The results reveal that number of sprays are positively affecting the defensive expenses and is having a negative relationship between educational attainment and defensive expenses but a positive relationship between willing to pay for p...
Tanay Dineshkumar Shah
 

...omers, people from those age groups were also included in the survey. There were 213 responses on the questionnaire which contained 14 questions. The survey results show that 16% of the people consider mushrooms as non-vegetarian, about 14% of the people were not cleared whether they have consumed mushrooms in their lifetime. Among those who are regular mushroom eaters, 50% preferred eating button mushrooms and almost 32% of the people preferred Oyster mushroo...
Uzma Ayaz1,* and Muhammad Fareed Khan2
 

... of 20 to 25 cm. The average temperature was varying between 24.3°C (75.7°F) and 34.8°C (94.6°F) throughout the season with 112.8 mm (4.44”) of precipitation. By randomly selecting ten plants per plot data was recorded for various traits i.e. germination percentage, flower initiation days, full flowering days, full development days, total leaves per plant, chlorophyll content (mg/cm-2

Monoar Pallab*, Moktadir Reza and Debashish Sarker

...unapari doe of two years age was presented at SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh with a history of teat injury due to barbed wire while grazing. A deep longitudinal infected teat laceration was noticed. Milk was still coming through fibrosed teat cannel. The lacerated part was sutured after scarification under sedation and regional anesthesia. A small portion of saline tube was inserted into the t...

Mustasim Famous1*, Asim Chakrabartty Aditya2, Shahabuddin Ahmed3 and Sabuj Sutradhar2

...ve performances. The average age of puberty of L×F, L×SL and L×S crossbred cattle were 23.7, 26.5 and 29.5 months, respectively. The average age at first fertile service for L×F, L×SL and L×S crossbreds’ cattle were 24.2, 27.0 and 31.0 months, respectively. The highest gestation length was 285 days and it was for...

Safdar Hussain1, Muhammad Naeem Mushtaq5, Ali Bakhsh3, Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool1, Muhammad Sarwar1, Muhammad Jan4*, Muhammad Abdul Qayyum2 and Arif Husain2

...ed to critical drought stage. The plants were exposed to normal irrigation, application of bio stimulants like 2µM ABA, 10 mM SA, 15% MLE and 10% MBLE were applied at grain filling stage but skipping irrigation. Maximum growth related parameters were observed by applying full irrigation. Comparing the bio stimulants application, the application of ABA significantly increased the plants population (95.55 m-2), plant hei...

M. Javed Iqbal1, Rizwan Shukat1, Muhammad Farooq2*, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi2, Naila Ilyas3, Rahman Ullah4, A. Shakoor5, Muhammad Bakhtiar6 and Faraz Ahmed7 

...obial and enzymatic spoilage. Drying is a very effective way to preserve onion for a long time. Onion powder was prepared by foam mat drying technique in which onion paste was treated with different concentration of soy protein (0%, 4%, 8% and 12%) as foaming agent and Carboxyl methylcellulose (0.5%) as foam stabilizer and these were dried in hot air tray drier at different temperatures (55°C, 65°C and 75°C) with...

Ijaz Ahmad* and Bakhtiar Gul

... the vegetative growth stage. It cannot be easily distinguished from wheat seedlings. Results showed that wheat in weed-free conditions had maximum biomass, and leaf area index in both the growing season as compared to weeds (A. fatua and S. Marianum) infested wheat. Therefore, management of these weeds i.e., A. fatua and S. marianum is highly desirable to avoid crop-weed competition and enhance crop production.

...

Ali Zaman1, Nabila Roohi1 and Muhammad Irfan2*

...s (N=18) of 10-12 months age in good health condition were divided into five treatment groups (n=3 each) and a control group (n=3). Treatment groups’ animals were exposed to P. multocida bacterial culture and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous). Animals were analyzed for the development of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry. All treatment groups exhibited clinical signs (ranging from mild to acu...

Aurang Zeb1, Abdur Rab1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Ijaz Hussain2, Shah Masaud Khan2, Israr Ahmad1, Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Shakila Umer3 and Muhammad Abbas1

...ality attributes and storage performance of Sweet orange (Blood red). The Sweet oranges were collected from four different locations i.e. location-1 (Torwarsak, Buner), location-2 (Rabat, Lower Dir), location-3 (Wartair, Malakand) and location-4 (Palai, Malakand), which were stored in three replications at room condition for 48 days and Complete Randomized Design was used during the post-harvest experiment. Data were recorded on fruit juice pH %, titratable ac...

Aamer Sattar1, Sadia Sultana1*, Abid Niaz1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Irfan Rasheed3, Muhammad Shoaib4, Raheela Naz1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Farah Rasheed1, Arfan ul Haq1, Munazza Rafique5, Muhammad Arif1, Sarfraz Hussain1 and Jafar Salim6

... (methods of residues management) i. traditional practice by complete removing (C) whole crop biomass from field, ii. burnt (B) practice by burning the crop biomass in field after threshing and iii. Residue’s (R) incorporation practice by rotavating the crop biomass into the soil. The selected field was sufficient in exchangeable K and available P but was deficient in organic matter contents. The results showed that in first year the wheat yield was maxi...

Muhammad Musa1*, Muhammad Riaz Gondal2, Aaqib Riaz3, Sikander Hayat2 and Iftikhar Haider1

...he production through management of harvesting at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan during three rabi seasons from 2015 to 2018. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replications. Berseem varieties (Super Late, Agaiti Berseem, Punjab Berseem) were kept in main plots and last cutting dates (10thMarch, 20th March, 30th March, 10th April and 20th April) were kept in sub-plots. Results revealed considerable differences in the per...

Muhammad Arslan Ibrahim1*, Aneeqa Aleem2, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Shahbaz Ahmad1, Hafiz Muhammad Zahid Anwar1, Talia Aroob2 and Mansoor Ahmad3 

...69 % while the lowest damage in percentage was 9.28. The present study was also directed to investigate the mortality factors in a lab-based experiment on the life table study of fall armyworm. A sub-lethal dose of 4µl of entomopathogenic NPV suspension containing 4×106 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) was tested as a mortality factor against the late larval instars of S. frugiperda when natural mortality tends ...

Manzoor Hussain Memon1, Khalid Khan2, Anjum Parvez3, Sarfaraz Ahmed Shaikh4, Khan Mir Khan2, Guo Xiangyu5*, Mohammad Nasrullah6 and Saima Liaqat7

...s loss because of no. of agents in the supply chain. Keeping in view the importance of poultry industry, the study has attempted to assess the economic viability of the poultry farmers in district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by evaluating profitability of various actors involved in the poultry industry. The total of 200 farmers, commission agents and consumers were surveyed using multistage...

Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Qasim Raza1*, Awais Riaz1, Misbah Hanif2, Wajiha Saeed2, Shawaiz Iqbal1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Syed Sultan Ali1 and Muhammad Sabar1

... and labour saving advantages over conventional transplanting culture, however, poor crop establishment due to reduced germination in variable field conditions greatly hampers its large-scale adaption. To address subordinate germination issues, we investigated the effects of five salicylic acid (SA) concentrations (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 ppm) on polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress conditions (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa). Highly significant ...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and  Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2 
...nd 300±30 days of age were weaned at 9 months age and used in 90 days trial to study their growth rate. Calves were raised in two groups with 5 each under stall-fed conditions (intensive management system, IMS). They were offered roughage+concentrate at the ratio of 60:40. In 60 proportions the ratio between fodder (lucerne) and crop residues (gra...
Li Shengqing1,2,3, Zhang Xiyun2,3, Liu Shengcai2,3, Hu Guoyuan2, Fan Yuxia2,Liu Huaixin2, Wang Tingting2 and Zhang Yanming1*
...nt and control rodent damage is assessed through plot experiments. The safety of type D botulinum toxin toward nontarget animals, such as yaks, Tibetan sheep, dogs, vultures, and birds, is also tested. Results show that the toxin is encoded by a type D botulinum neurotoxin gene. The DNA and amino acid sequences of the full neurotoxin gene comprise 3831 base pairs and 1276 amino acid residues, respectively. The nucleic acid and protein sequences of the toxin ex...
Jing Yu1*, Jiangmei Mao1,2 and Dongliang Wang1,3
...ious in the bay, the average PP reached the highest in summer (1595.60 mg C·m-2·d-1) and the second in autumn (1274.67 mg C·m-2·d-1). The space distribution of PP decreased gradually from nearshore (greater than 1000 mg C·m-2·d-1) to offshore and outside (800~1000 mg C·m-2·d-1) of the bay. As one of the most significan...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Naeem Iqbal3, Muhammad Idrees3, Muhammad Nawaz4, Muhammad Yasir Nawaz5, Muhammad Kashif Munir6, Ahmad Kamal1, Ehsan Ullah1, Muhammad Ahsan Jamil1, Yousuf Akram1, Tanveer Abbas1 and Muhammad Mohsin Aziz1

...good aeration, high drainage, good water holding capacity, microbial activity, superior in nutrient status and buffering capacity therefore having the amiable required physiochemical charms for fertility of soil and growth of plant. The worms increase the biological decomposition of organic substrates by maintaining the aerobic conditions of the organic substrates. Experiments on earthworms and the vermicast production by different species are also included in...
Xiujun Yao1, Haofeng Wang 2, Ligong Zhang3, Jingzhang Wu4 and Lijun Wang1*
...iven 150 mg/kg TGP by gavage, normal group and model group were given the same amount of saline by gavage. After 12 weeks of intervention, 24-h urine protein quantity, serum levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α ,kidney ROS and MDA levels, relative content of TGF-β1 and CTGF in TGP group were lower than that in model group (P <0.05); serum levels of IL-2 and CTLA-4,SOD levels in TGP group were higher than that...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Saima Hanif1, Shagufta Andleeb2, Beenish Zahid3 and Madeeha Arshad4
...dministered orally by gavage for 30 consecutive days, once a day and mice were euthanized on the 31st day. Blood was collected in serum separating tubes through intracardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Morphometric observations revealed significant decrease (P≤0.001) in body weight of mice in Al treated groups as compared to control but organs weight increased contrary to the body weight. Significant increase (P≤0.01-P≤0.001) was rec...

Frederic Ndihokubwayo and Atakan Koç

...t; 0.05) and lactation stage (P < 0.01) on TEHS and the effects of farm and lactation stage on MMY (P < 0.01) were statistically significant. Considering the milk quality traits, the effect of farm on FC (P < 0.01); the effects of farm, parity, calving season and lactation stage on NFDMC (P < 0.01) and the effects of farm, parity and TEHS on Log10SCC (P < 0.01) were found st...

Salma Javed, Samreen Khan*, Nasira Kazi and Tabassum Ara Khanum 

...a were recovered from sewage and stagnant water with sediments from different location of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In this study, two genera, Rhabditidoides and Butlerius and three species identified as Rhabditidoides stigmatus, Butlerius micans and Demaniella basili were recorded for the first time in Pakistan. The percentage occurrence of these genera was found as 50% each. These species were identified on the basis of mo...
J.Y. Bai1,*, R.T.D. Wu2,*, Q. Zhang2, D. Bao2, L.M. Dao2 and X.H. Tian3
....7302 to 3.0524, and average theoretical heterozygosity and average polymorphic information content were 0.6283 and 0.5546, respectively. Observational heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content of Qinghai Bactrian camel were all higher than those of the other three varieties, being 0.8922, 0.6490 and 0.5813, respectively, so Qinghai Bactrian camel was of rich genetic polymorphism. Aver
Fuhua Zhang, Yishuang Yu and Shibao Wu*
...is is critical to the management of captive breeding of wild animals, as accurate pregnancy diagnosis can improve the reproductive efficiency of captive animals. Pangolins do not show obvious morphological changes during pregnancy, which increases the difficulty of pregnancy diagnosis. In this study, pregnancies were diagnosed using B-ultrasonography in three Sunda pangolins (MJ-X2, MJ-X3, and MJ-X4) that had mated with males. B-ultrasonography revealed embryo...
Naimat Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Hassan Saleem2, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shafee3, Ayesha Hassan2, Mumtaz Ali Khan2 and Nadeem Rashid3
...er 6.66 %. Similarly, on age basis, the overall highest percent prevalence was 20.46%, 13.73% and 8.27% at the age of 1, 1-2 and 2-3 years, respectively. While on sex basis, non-significant (P<0.05) 15.66 % and 13.91% prevalence was found in female and male animals, respectively. Chemotherapeutic trial of three allopathic (Paromomycin, Metronidazole and Azithromycin) drugs were used against five groups (groups A-E). Parom...
Rida Haroon Durrani1*, Fareeha Akhtar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Munazzah Maqbool1, Aleena Kokab1, Kiran Imtiaz2 and Muhammad Ilyas Riaz3
...-size: small;">Food spoilage is a complex process in which food deteriorates to that extent at which it becomes unfit for human consumption. Food spoilage due to microorganisms is a serious issue which causes approximately 25% food loss globally Present study revealed the effects of storage temperature associated with bacterial spoilage of fish meat. A t...
Khurram Goraya1,*, Qais ALRawahi1, Sultan ALBalushi1, Hani ALSaadi1, Sami ALRahbi1, Zahir ALAlawi1, Muhammad Hammad Hussain2 and Madad Hussain1
...neumonia (n=8, 16%), old age (n=4, 8%), impaction of stomach caused by foreign bodies (n=3, 6%) and bloat (n=2, 4%). The exact cause of death could not be established in 5 (10%) mortalities. Internal organs were screened for the presence of adult worms. However, no parasite was observed in these animals. These findings demonstrated that more than 50% mortalities could be reduced by only controlling aggression-related injuries and taking precautionary measures ...
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
...e recorded having hemorrhages on serosa of intestine followed by gas filled small intestine in 41 sheep (82%), lesions in ileum and colon in 39 sheep (78%), soft kidney 27 (54%), dark congested liver 26 (52%), nephritis 23 (46%) and spleenitis 13 (26%). Microscopic lesions revealed a score of 10 of kidney tissue out of 15 while the lesion score of intestine revealed 08 out of lesion score of 15.
...
Junyan Bai1,2, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Le Ma Dao2, Di Bao2, Qiang Zhang2 and Xing Hua Tian3

 

...el (P < 0.05). At the age of 2-7, the fluff fineness of male and female camel increased with age, At the age of 8-10 years, the fluff fineness of male and female camel has no obvious change trend with the increase of age. The best regression equation of male camel’s wool fineness to age is quadratic regression...

Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5

...protein and lipid percentage compared with W1 and W2. Highest ash (percentage) was measured in the gills of the weight group W3 as compared to W1 and W2. Generally, total carbohydrates are determined by the difference of the entire proximate body composition indices, and in this study, it was found that the liver contains maximum carbohydrates (percentage) relative to other sections of the...

Muhammad Yousif Jakhrai1, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Ali Mujtaba Shah1*, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon1

...most commonly anesthetic agents injected to produce high epidural analgesia in ovine and caprine species were 2% lidocaine and xylazine were included in this study. This study showed that administration of xylazine in high epidural anesthesia produce a significant analgesic and sedative effect for laparotomy (peritoneal) surgical interventions in ovine and caprine species as compared to lidocaine. 
 

Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2, Shah Najaf Mukhtar1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1

...would help run proper management practices to control the losses caused by mites.
...

Jabeen Farheen1,2*, Simeen Mansoor1 and Maria Abid1

...ent use of meal and beverages having food color additives (FCAs) may cause mutation in humans’ proto-oncogenes which leads to carcinogenicity. The current findings aimed to evaluate the genotoxic impact of widely used azo FCAs on the cell cycle by using onion as a model plant. The study was designed in a complete randomized design where the grown onion roots were exposed to 0%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% concentration of FCA for 120 hours for macroscopi...

Attaullah Jan1*, Saleem Khan2, Iftikhar Alam1, Farzeen Khan3 and Muhammad Farooq4*

...ing children of both sex aged 5-10 years. A Pre-tested questionnaire was used for collection of data for the parameters: socio-demographics, anthropometrics, and dietary intake. Data on anthropometrics included measurement of weight, height and BMI. Age and anthropometrics (weight, height and BMI) were used for z-score calculation following WHO standards and using WHO AnthroPlus software. Dietary data were collected in a 24-...

Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Abdul Waheed, M. Abbas Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad, Shamsul Islam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Sohail Aslam and Qamar uz Zaman

Muhammad Adnan Islam1*, Zia-Ul-Haq2, Rana Shahzad Noor2, Matiullah Khan4, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Zulfiqar Ali3, Asif Ali Mirani3, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Muzammil Husain1 and Badar Munir Khan Niazi1

...ompared it with zero tillage drill and rabi drill (farmers practice) by sown wheat in five different location of arid zone of Chakwal. Comparative field testing of three drills shows that FBPD gives significantly more yield as compared to zero till drill and Rabi drill. The effect of fertilizer band placement on all above-mentioned parameter was more pronounced over other two drills, when half bag of DAP was applied. The half bag DAP applied with fertilizer ba...
Md. Alal Hossen1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain1*, A.K.M. Munzurul Hasan1,2, Bipresh Das1, Sohel Mian1, Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal1
 
...Ha was used as induction agent where male injected half of the doses of female and a control without S-GnRHa was assigned. The stages of embryonic development were observed under a photomicroscope. Average fertilization and hatching rates varied from 74.33% to 83.89% and from 72.33% to 85.11% respectively among different treatments and control females did not ovulate. The eggs of M. gulio ...
Imran Tarique1*, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1
Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Mansoor Tariq 2, Jamil Ahmed Gandahi1
Saqib Ali Fazlani3 and Benazir Sahito3
...cant (0.05) in age and sex group. The epidermis possessed stratified squamous epithelium, and main cells was keratinocytes. The dermal-epidermal junction was regular with an absence of dermal papillae and epidermal ridges. Dermis layer possess dens irregular connective tissue, which consist of elastic, collagen and reticular fibers. ...
Yawang Sun, Yongjiang Wu, Jingbo Chen, Zili Wang, Juncai Chen, You Yang and Guozhong Dong*
...nd the consequent DNA damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T cells. Cells were cultured for 48 h with different LPS levels (0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, and 100 ng/mL). The results showed that cell viability was negatively correlated with LPS concentrations. The production of reactive oxygen species increased in a dose-depend manner. Cellular concentrations of oxidative damage mark...
Jen-Hong Chu1, Ya-Wen Lan2, Shyn-Shin Sheen3 and Angela Chien3*
...ight, weight gain percentage and specific growth rate of L. canarium larvae fed with diets L6 and L12 were significantly higher than those of larvae fed with diets L0, L2 and L4. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of L. canarium larvae fed with treatment diets was significantly lower than that of conch fed with control diet. The minimum dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) (C20:5n-3 + C22:6n-3) requirement for L. canarium was 19.5...

Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1, Ashfaq Ahmed Sheikh2, Hashim Nisar Hashmi3, Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1 and Muhammad Azeem Afzal1

...n. The study presents management solution of Mithawan hill torrent flood water. The impact of constructing main dispersion distributor and management structures for equitable distribution in the Pachad area i.e. the plain area in the foot hills of Koh-e-Suleiman has been investigated. Management solution are proposed with design aspects without causing damage

Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1*, Muhamad Jan1, Azhar Hussain2, Shoaib Akhtar1, Hussain Nawaz1, Muhammad Afzal3 and Humara Umar1

... and oil recovery percentage (24.66%) were recorded in Ascolana, Earlik, Gemlik, and Hamdi varieties. Based on growth and yield performance four varieties namely, Ascolana, Earlik, Gemlik, and Hamdi were found most suitable and potential varieties for mass scale cultivation in Pothwar region. The proposed varieties can be grown for commercial processing and product development.

...

Syed Ismat Hussain1, Muhammad Ramzan Asi1, Habbib Anwar1, Faqeer Ahmad1, Ateeq ur Rehman2*, Muhammad Shahid3, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Ummad ud Din Umar2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Memuna Ijaz1 and Hafiz Usman Shakir1

...ve the ability to camouflage themselves with in rosette flowers and bolls and can reduce cotton yield up to 30%. It is considered to be a critically important pest of cotton all over the world. Field trials were conducted in different districts; Vehari, Rajanpur, and Mianwali, of Punjab-Pakistan during 2017 to evaluate efficacy of synthetic sex pheromone [ZZ/ZE-7, 11-Hexadecadiene-1-yl-Acetate] impregnated ropes by using PB rope L dispensers at @ 100/acre, at ...

Qaiser Shakeel1*, Rabia Tahir Bajwa1­, Yasir Iftikhar2, Mustansar Mubeen2, Muhammad Luqman3, Waqas Ashraf1 and Ifrah Rashid4

Arjun Bastola1*, Sachet Subedi2 and Malatee Bastola3

...had more shelling percentage but sterility percentage was lower. Highest grain yield was obtained from CP-858 followed by Rampur hybrid-10 and the lowest from Rampur composite. Hybrid developed in Nepal (i.e. Rampur hybrid-10) had shown better performance, competitive to other hybrid maize genotypes. The genotype Rampur composite which is open pollinated variety (OPV) did not show good yield performance as compared to hybrid...

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1 and Nasir Ali Tauqir2

... (α=0.05). The average mean values of macro minerals (Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) were found to be 521.6±11.1, 82.3±4.9; 5.6±0.2, 55.0±2.9, 292.7±4.8, 30.5±1.0 in male camels while 486.0±5.8, 77.6±4.4; 4.3±0.2, 43.9±1.6, 235.9±9.3, 24.3±1.5 for female camels respectively. The results showed significant difference between male and females for macro and trac...

Mahwish Munawar1, Xu Shiwei1, Yu Wen1 and Muhammad Luqman2*

...y and food insecurity management departments of developing countries should be improved so that vulnerability to food security and food loss can be predicted more accurately.

...

Muhammad Adnan Fahad1, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Imtiaz Ali2

...roductivity and water management practices using questionnaire proforma. The losses in five improved watercourses (lined sections) were 9, 28, 5, 11 and 20% per 1000 meter, respectively while that of unlined sections of the same watercourses were 23, 30, 50 and 21 % per 1000 m, respectively. Losses in unimproved watercourses were 27, 62, 55, 55 and 40 % per 1000 m, respectively. The conveyance efficiencies of five improved watercourses (lined sections) were 91...

Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Mehvish Tahir3, Muhammad Najeebullah3, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Amina Batool1 and Waheed Arshad1 

...g the curd development stage. Heat tolerance ability of the genotypes was assessed by their ability to curd induction and development at high temperature and also based on different physiological traits. Heat susceptible genotypes showed lengthened curd induction stage. Further, decrease in chlorophyll and osmoprotectants contents was also seen in heat susceptible genotypes. TSX-C40 was identified as most susceptible genotyp...

Taqi Raza1*, Kashif Nazir Qureshi2, Shakeel Imran2, Neal Samuel Eash3 and Imma Bortone4

Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sarfraz Hussain3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1 and Aneela Riaz4

...ness of soil. Combined usage of poultry waste material and chemical fertilizer improved maize growth and health of soil. This experiment comprised of 11 treatments applied under completely randomized design like, T1 = chemical fertilizers at recommended rate, T2 = chemical fertilizers at half recommended rate, T3 = waste of poultry at the rate of 5 ton/ha, T4 = waste of poultry at the rate of 7.5 ton/ha, T5 = waste of poultry at the rate of 10 ton/ha, T6 = T1 ...
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...p=0.0996), poor drainage system (OR=7.33, p=0.002), pond as source of drinking water (OR=2.05, p=0.179), stall feeding (OR=7.27, p<0.001), 4-6 years of age of goat (OR=4.2, p=0.0874), and teat injury (OR=13.74, p<0.001) were potential risk factors for subclinical mastitis. The in-vitro findings of current study revealed 100% sensitivity of S. aureus against gentamici...
Yahong Guo1,3, Zeqin Fu1,3, Jiantong Feng1,3, Chengrui Yan1,3, Yingying Ye1,3*, Kaida Xu2 and Baoying Guo1,3
...from 0.621 to 0.797; average, 0.717) was higher than that of three wild specimens groups (ZSW, WZW, and NNW; from 0.428 to 0.668; average, 0.560). The pairwise FST values suggested that only the FZW sample showed significant divergence from the others. The wild and cultured ZS and WZ specimens groups were similar, and the wild and cultured ND specimens groups were crossed. Thus, we need to establish genetic...

Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8

... immune system against phages, plasmids and foreign genomic elements. Mostly prokaryotes uses their CRIPR Cas system to enhance the integrity of their cell membrane that inhibit the permeability of antimicrobials from host body into the bacterial cells. CRISPR Cas system also help bacteria to evade from the host immune system by suppressing the activity of their immune receptors e.g. TLR. CRISPR Cas system also help bacteria to attach with the host body and re...

Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar*, Sania Waliat, Shafaat Yar Khan, Naila Amjad

...e effective and quick management of this pest but it has developed resistance against various insecticides in many countries of the world. This study was designed to check the resistance in M. domestica against selected insecticides from Bhalwal as no previous work has been reported from this area. Flies were collected from two different localities i.e., location 1 (L1) was Chak 07 SB Bhalwal (32°14’52.3”N 72°55’25.5”E) and loca...

Saima Maher1,3*, Shahina Fayyaz2, Nadra Naheed3 and Zarbakth Dar1

...ction in eco-friendly management strategies.

...

Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar1*, Fiaz Hussain1 and Shabbir Ahmed2

...al (FZLR) is a canopy management technique that provides a cost-effective and high-quality grape yield. In order to boost grape quality and minimize disease incidence in the King’s Ruby variety, FZLR was used for two seasons in a row. Total leaf removal was used before bloom, during full bloom, and four weeks after bloom, and was compared to an untreated control (non-defoliated). In all leaf removal treatments, titratable acidity and bunch rot incidence ...
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...t family labor (p=0.68), age(p=0.007), family size (p=0.001), experience (p=0.007), harvesting (p=0.000) and maintenance of flowering plants (p=0.057) have significant effect on honeybee productivity. Labour cost and migration cost had positive coefficient and significant relation at 1% level of significance with gross return whereas expenses on baiting materials had positive coefficient and significant relation at 5% level of significance with the gross retur...

Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1*, Asif Ahmad1, Anwaar Ahmed1, Amer Mumtaz2, Muhammad Javaid Asad3, Saqib Jabbar2, Ahmad Mujtaba1 and Muhammad Nadeem4

...he potentially hazardous agents or contaminants present in food that can cause food-borne illness. These extraneous agents are causing morbidity and mortality. Contamination of food by various agents includes physical, chemical, and microbiological. Food safety ensures that what we eat, chew, or drink is safe for human health. The whole food chain should be monitored right from production ...

Muhammad Rafique1, Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Muhammad Jan2 and Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2

...ng percent (35.33%), average number of roots (8.36), average root length (9.40 cm) and survival rate of olive cuttings (39.00%). While poor rooting was observed under T1 (5 seconds) with respect to rooting ratio (19.66%), average number of roots (1.96), average root length (3.66 cm) and survival percentage of cuttings ...

Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Imran Kalim1, Mohammad Khalid Saeed1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Sania Mazhar1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Rabia Shad2

...rformed at different storage conditions 4oC, 25oC, 45oC for eight weeks. Betanin content (%) was measured to evaluate the stability of color which showed the maximum retention of betanin content in red beet dye and candies stored at 4°C while lowest %age of betanin content was observed at 45°C showing that at higher temperatures the color is deteriorated. Stability in pH of red beet dye was also monitored at three di...

Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1

...phagous pest of food, forage, vegetable and horticultural crops. This sporadic species is becoming an emerging threat to the potato crop in central Punjab and is being evidenced infesting potato crop in Sargodha, Faisalabad and Okara districts. This in-vitro study assessed the comparative feeding preference, food consumption and utilization rates and larval development of S. litura on different white and red skinned potato cultivars. Feeding bioassays revealed...

Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan

...of the study and Multi Stage Sampling technique was used to select respondents from three selected villages of Tehsil Shabqadar of District Charsadda, namely Hajizai, Katozai and Battagram. Through Proportional Allocation Technique a sample of 112 respondents on basis of 10% of total 1120 registered farmers was drawn to collect primary data through pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule. Collected data was analysi...

Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta

...tion. By employing two-stage sampling techniques, data was collected from 160 farm households of selected Western Shewa zone districts, namely Ejersa-Lafo, and Bako-Tibe. Data was emanated from primary sources, which administrated by semi-structured questionnaire using personnel interview. On top of this, the focus group discussion was carried out on particular topics to supplement primary data source discussions. Both descriptive statistics and a probit regre...

Muhammad Waqas1*, Muhammad Shoaib2, Muhammad Saifullah1, Adila Naseem4, Sarfraz Hashim1, Farrukh Ehsan1, Irfan Ali3 and Alamgir Khan1

... techniques with the average evaluation parameters R2, NSE, and RMSE are 0.998, 0.992, and 382 m3/sec. The assessment revealed that DTF has potential and may be considered as an alternative method for streamflow forecasting.

...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Sana Majeed1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Luqman2, Asad Abdullah1 and Muhammad Afzal3

...ed in integrated pest management for various insect pests. Here we tested the effect of emamectin benzoate 1.9% EC alone and with botanicals; Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Moringa oleifera L. on the digestibility indices and survival of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The P. hysterophorus extract at 50 mg concentration was comparable to the alone application of emamectin benzoate in terms of reduced digestibility and survival of S. li...
Zhi Wang1*, Wenhua Liu2 and FadaoTai3
...on and so on. The percentages of nighttime spent in each of all behaviors varied greatly in some time period among different seasons, especially near early evening and midnight. This may be ascribed to variation in photoperiod.
...
Bin Liu1,2, Libo Wang2, Dandan Xue2, Peng Xu1, Yuting An2 and Changhu Lu1*
...all;">Birds of different ages or sexes may select different migration strategies. We studied the spring and autumn migration as well as the body condition of different ages and sexes of the Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana at a migration corridor in Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, in 2017. A total of 121 individuals were captured in mist nets, 62 in spring and 59 in autumn. We found that adult males were cau...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Naveed1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...irulency on Gag-Pol cleavage sites. These results significantly highlight the fact that the identified SNPs possibly contribute towards a positive selection pressure contributing to the identification of novel mutations like S61A, S61M and M90L at Gag-Pol cleavage sites harboring dominant drug resistance mutations. 3D structure validation demonstrated 87.3% in Gag and 92.5% in Pol in the most favored regions. Dolutegravir, a...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4 
...ine disease, sole hemorrhage or inter-digital dermatitis. It was concluded that lameness and hoof lesions are important health problems in studied commercial dairy herds. The occurrence of lameness could be reduced in dairy herds if producers become aware of the associated risk factors, and improve management practices related to cows, environment and facility design.
...
Guangyu Wang, Xu Tian, Lintao Liu, Junyang Liu, Bo Zhang and Jingming Dong*
... had a significant advantage over the reference group after treatment, p<0.05. Comparison of synovial fluid inflammatory factors before and after treatment between the two groups indicated more obvious improvement in the study group than in the reference group, p<0.05. Comparison of overall treatment efficiency of the two groups showed significantly higher efficiency in the study group than in the reference group, p<0.05. To conclude SJHXT combined wi...

Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

...l budgeting that the average total cost per flock of small size broiler poultry farm was 1468290 rupees while the total average cost per flock of medium and large size broiler poultry farms were 2485249 and 4792247 rupees respectively. Feed was the major cost component of the broiler farms with more than 60% share in the total cost of production followed by chick cost with a percentage sha...

Sajid Ali, Shahen Shah* and Muhammad Arif

...at at different growth stages in the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar - Pakistan. Four Zn levels (0, 1, 2, and 3 kg ha-1) and four Fe levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg ha-1) at three growth stages (i.e. foliar application of full dosage at the tillering stage, full dosage at the booting st

Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Imran Khatri1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Arfan Ahmed Gilal1

...ecially cucurbits. To manage this notorious pest, the experiments were designed to evaluate the most effective method of pest control. The field experiments in bottle gourd, sponge gourd, Indian squash and bitter gourd were designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having 16 treatments with 5 replications each. Basically, there were five treatments; T1= Untreated control, T2 = Spinosad (Tracer), T3= Cue-lure, T4= Protein hydrolysate, T5 = Trybliograp...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

...shmir by selecting 8 villages purposively, based on the average number of livestock population i.e 2-3 heads per household, for dairy production. A structured and pretested interview schedule was used to collect the primary data from randomly selected 333 respondents. For analysis of data descriptive statistics and binary logistic model was used through the Statistical Package for Social S...

Misbah Ali1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2*, Rana Binyamin3, Nadeem Ahmed4, Muhammad Usman Ghani5 and Awais Ahmed Khan2

...ration is the best to manage red leaf spot disease severity under field conditions.

...

Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Tajnees Pirzada1*, Abdul Majid2 and Farzana Rashid3 

...e structure with the average crystal size of 39.48 x 109nm. FTIR showed the presence of Oxygen-containing functional groups (aromatic) such as ether bonds, ester bonds, carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group as well as aliphatic hydrocarbon including methyl group, methylene group. SEM exhibited granular structure of HA that were present in aggregates with various shapes and diameter ranging from 5 to 10μm. HA with the concentration of 5ppm showed improved ...

Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2

... selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive analysis revealed that 305 women farmers were involved in rearing poultry. A 5 point Likert scale was used, showed that women farmers had various constraints out of which Pardah, mobility and lack of information source were ranked on top with Likert score value of 4.12, 4.00 and 3.94, respectively. Due to male dominant society, 62.8% of the decisions were taken by spouse. Results of Chi-square analys...

Shahinshah Khan1*, Aijaz Ali Khooharo1, Zaheeruddin Mirani1 and Velo Suthar2

...ochistan applying multistage cluster sampling approach. Survey data further revealed that 34% farmers produced their own seed. Regarding source of seed, dealers (96.8%) and neighboring (88.8%) farmers were observed to be the major sources of basic seed for multiplication. However, 36.8% of the farmers reported that seed companies are their exclusive source of  basic seed. Only 14% of the farmers reported that seed was purchased from public sector. Major s...
Maria Qibtia1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Sehrish Faryal1, Ahmed Mansouri2, Zeeshan Ahmad2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*
...ajor step in clinical management and accurate genetic counseling of the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of LNP. Among the six novel mutations found, mutation XI was found in all of the LNP subjects and was absent in the lactose persistent group. This study, for the first time, focuses on molecular analysis of LCT-gene from Pakistani patients with LNP.
...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
... key informants. The average age of fishermen was around 36 which were in active force age group (< 65 years). Most (97%) of the fishermen used gillnets imported from Egypt with mesh size of 4-6 cm stretched mesh size < 8 cm which is the national standard. There are three commercially important fish species, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus...
Shuang Yang1,2, Huiting Zhao3, Xuewen Zhang2, Kai Xu1, Lina Guo1, Yali Du1 and Yusuo Jiang1,*
...ntrol and prevent the damage caused by this pest.
...

Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2

...ission imperative for management practice. Besides, the study converged on afresh advanced treatment procedures, vaccine progressions, and public awareness efforts, which can be a baseline for the policymaker, veterinarians and pet owner to limit further outbreaks.

 

...

Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter

...ured soils. Different management practices (use of gypsum and blending) also mitigated the ill effects of saline-sodic water. Therefore, it was concluded that when fresh-water resources are finite and use of saline-sodic water is inevitable, cyclic use of canal and saline-sodic water is a wise and profitable management strategy with marginal effect on crop productivity and proves least detrimental for soil health. Comparison...

Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar

...fects of Joint Forest Management (JFM) on livelihood of local communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Purposively three forest divisions had been selected namely Swat, Kalam and Siran of Malakand and Hazara forest regions. The study based on cross sectional data. Data were collected from 321 randomly selected households in three JFM (experimental group) and nearby three non-JFM (control group) villages, located in the s...

Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Mohammad Nisar1, Ali Hazrat1*, Murad Ali3, Rashid Ul-Haq3, Khalid Khan2, Karishma Gul1 and Shah Faisal1 

...alyses of total seed storage protein resulted in a total of 18 polymorphic bands. Total genetic diversity on the basis of total seed storage protein analysis was 17.5%. In Band, the 14 total genetic diversity was (0.60%) followed by Band 16 (0.58%) and Band 17 (0.55%). Similarly, Band 3 showed diversity, while Band 8, 4 and 5 indicated 0.45, 0.38 and 0.35%, respectively. A cluster dendrogram tree was constructed which was di...

Tahseen Ullah* and Noorul Amin

...wn that sprouting percentage was highest (99.33 %) in hard wood cutting while minimum sprouting (20 %) in soft wood cutting treated with IBA 6000 ppm while highest survival rate of 85.23% in soft wood cutting, highest sprout weight of 14.37 g, highest shoot length (30.8 cm) and maximum number of branches (6) was found in hard wood cutting treated with IBA 6000 ppm while maximum fresh root weight (4.2267 g), maximum root length (32.75 cm) and highest root diame...

Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1

...rops with appropriate management viz. chemicals like gypsum, H2SO4, calcium chloride, sulfur or organic additions like manures, muds, biogas slurry, composts etc. The marginal soils irrigated with saline water have deteriorated physical properties were improved with inorganic and organic amendments. Field studies were conducted at Kot Murad (district Hafizabad) to evaluate the different management practices for saline water ...

Samra Aftab1, Saleem Ullah1 and Farida Anjum2*

...s as cellulose degrading agents). The cellulose and related constituent of saw dust and sugarcane bagasse showed that cellulose (49 %), hemicelluloses (23.5 %) and ash (1.8 %) were higher in sugarcane bagasse, while lignin (7.9 %) was higher in saw dust. The data regarding microbe isolation showed highest colonies of Aspergillus sp. (8 CFU × 104g-1) followed by Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. (7 CFU × 104g-1 and 5 CFU × 104g-1), while the...

Hussan Ara Begum1, Muhammad Hamayun1, Noor Shad1, Waqar Khan3, Jawad Ahmad1, Muhammad Ezaz Hasan Khan2, David Aaron Jones2 and Kishwar Ali2*

...d the germination percentage in both species. The germination percentage in control was recorded as 19.35%, while it was 18.65% in 30min and 19.00% in 120min exposures. Root and shoot growth of the seedlings was markedly reduced by increasing UV radiation. The shoot length was 2.40mm in control, 2.75mm in 30min, 1.50mm in 60min and 1.60mm in 120min of exposure to the UV light. The root length in control was 1.38mm, 0.90mm in...

Saddar Faheem1,2, Hameeda Kalhoro1, Naeem Tariq Narejo1*, Muhammad Hanif Chandio3, Memon Samina4, Shahnaz Rashid5 and Ghulam Abbas5*

...eo rohita from Kotri Barrage near Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Fish samples (100 specimens for each sex) were collected during two seasons i.e., summer: March to May, 2017 and winter: November, 2017 to January, 2018. Haematological characteristics of the fish specimens were considered season and sex wise separately. Results showed that erythrocytes (2.09 × 106 to 2.26 × 106), leucocytes (164.90 × 103 to145.55 × 103) and haemoglobin (10.34...
Shafaq Fatima1,*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Humaira Amman1, Zakia Kanwal1, Asma Latif1, Zeeshan Ali2, Hamid Iqbal Gondal2, Sumera Sajjad1 and Raja Shahnawaz Janjua3
...:6) in grass carp (age = 12 months). The trial continued for 31 days at ambient temperature. The control group was fed with soybean based commercial diet. No significant effect of diet A and C was observed on fish growth and profile of n-3 and n-6 PUFA in total liver lipids. However, the treatment group fed with diet B showed a significant increase in K (1.75 ± 0.14 %), FCR (0.97) and HSI (0.62 ± 0.1%) as compared to those in the control gr...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Khalid Mehmood1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Tauseef Asmat1
...sion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) in the treatment groups supplemented with extract (P<0.05) compared to control. Similarly, intestinal histo-morphic parameters and ileal bacterial count were significantly different between treatments (P<0.05), but no significant effect (P>0.05) was found on the cecal VFA content. Hematological and serum biochemical parameter values were significantly improved in extract groups compared to control (P<0....
Ghulam Raza1*, Maqsood Anawar2, Muhammad Akbar1, Muhammad Ali1, Alamdar Hussain1, Azhar Hussain3 and Tanveer Hussain4
... to cope the fodder shortage after heavy snowfall. This may expose the ibex to potential threats of predation by predators, poaching and competition for food with livestock during winter season. Therefore, the study was conducted to analyze the characteristic habitat feature and preference of Himalayan ibex during winter season in Hushe valley of Karakorum range.
...
Hesham M. Abd El Halim1, Maysa M. Hegazy1,2, Aishah Alatawi3, Imtiaz Ali Khan4 and Munawar Saleem Ahmad5*
... be chitin inhibitor and agents for developmental arrest, chitinase genes and genes that are vital for starting the differentiation program of cells at discrete steps during development are major targets for biocide plant extracts. The current study evaluates the in vitro toxic effects of golden piller (Cupressus macrocarpa) and galangal (Alpinia officinarum) against Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line. Also, changes in gene expression lev...
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
... was US$3.16 and the average price paid to the beekeepers was US$6.78. The absolute and relative profits were calculated as US$3.62 and US$2.14, respectively. The efficiency of the beekeeping farms was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis. The results of output- and input-oriented constant return-to-scale (CRS) analysis indicated an average efficiency value of 59.34%. The output- and input-oriented variable return-to-sca...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...tii in the nasal passages of 4 healthy donkeys (7.7%); while the other 2 C. neoformans serotype A (3.8%) isolates identified in healthy and diseased donkeys. Four C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates demonstrated higher laccase (LAC1) genes among the identified virulence factors. While capsular associated protein (CAP59) gene identified alone or associated with LAC1 gene in the other 2 C. gattii isolates. Th...
Arshad Ali1, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak2*, Muhammad Ali Nawaz3 and Shoaib Hameed3
...s them because of the damages they cause. Such an attitude has costs, both for wild carnivores and local communities. Human costs are mostly in the form of economic loss to property and infrastructure, damage to crops, and depredation on livestock. In northern Pakistan where large carnivores like common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetinus), Himal...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Muhammad Umair Sial2, Naeem Iqbal2 and Shafqat Saeed2
...emical and biological management. For chemical control, deltamethrin was proved more toxic while among biological control agents Goryphus sp., Enicospilus sp., Telenomus sp, Listrognathus spinifrons, Trichogramma pretiosum, T. euproctidis and T. dendrolimi have been documented as potential egg and pupal parasitoids of T. varians in many countries of the world. The present paper is an attempt to bring and summarize the basic ...

Ahmed A. Kheder

...Specifically, the percentages of infection were 7.3, 6.7, 5.4, 5.16 and 2.63% in El-Qalyubia, El-Beheira, El- Menoufia, El-Sharkia and El-Ismailia governorates respectively. SLRSV was mechanically transmitted from infected strawberry plants onto ten herbaceous plant species, different types of symptoms have been observed associated to virus infection on indicator hosts; Mentha spicata, Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley and Vicia faba after...

Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1

...sing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Out of the 92 women who had cervical cytology by Pap smear during the period under review, 22 had abnormal pap smears, a prevalence rate of (23.9%); 7/92 (7.6%) were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion while 12/92 (13.0%) were high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Five women (3.3%) had atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance. The unsatisfactory pap smears were seen in 18/92 (19.6%) cases...

Sehrish Khudadad1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia3, Mian Sayed Khan4, Gulnaz Parveen5, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh6*, Falak Naz7, Muhammad Qasim8 and Syed Waqar Shah9

...sal/ orchid seed removal agent and scavengers. Ants can be both prey and predators for the crops and various insects. They also spread human diseases. Ant fauna is poorly known in Pakistan. As Pakistan occupies an important biogeographic position and the taxonomic studies on ants of Pakistan are badly needed. During this study ant specimens were collected from different localities of district Mansehra. Total 28 species were identified under 16 genera of three ...

Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4

...ce dynamic indices (drainage density-DD, topographic surface roughness-TSR) to constrain the neotectonics of Nanga Parbat Syntaxis (NPS) in Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Pakistan). This study aims to assess the active surface deformation based on the DD and TSR techniques. These are the interrelated procedures, i.e. TSR investigation may be used to distinguish areas with low and higher DD values and their connection with the active tectonics. The three-dimensiona...

Iftikhar Jan* and Sahib Alam

...ns for use as biocontrol agent. A total of 434 isolates of A. flavus were isolated from soil and stored maize grain samples collected from four agroecological zones (AEZ) i.e., AEZ-A, AEZ-B, AEZ-C and AEZ-D of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The mycological analysis of the samples demonstrated that the highest population of Aspergillus section Flavi was existed in soil (n = 236) than in maize grain samples (n = 198). Across all the four zones, th...

Syed Muhammad Sulaiman, Nazir Ahmad and Nazir Ahmad Khan*

... genetic variation in forage biomass yield, morphological characteristic, forage nutritional value and digestibility among five selected wheat genotypes. The five cultivars, namely, Pir Sabaq (PS)-15, Bakhtawar-92, PS-2000, National Agriculture Research Council (NARC)-11 and Zam-04 were grown in 12 replicate plots (6 m × 10 m), that were blocked in three fields according to Randomized Complete Block Design. Uniform fie...

Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1

...the suspension culture stage because it showed brighter fluorescence spot than other callus and plant extracts, especially for rosmarinic acid. This research provides new information about secondary metabolites in callus derived from two varieties of O. aristatus on various growth media.

...

Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1

...the year 2018. Three villages, namely, Aspandehri, Kamran Kalay and Sarfaraz Kalay, were purposively selected. A sample size of 41 wheat growers from farm households was chosen from these villages for data collection. Thus, selection of the farmers was based on the proportional allocation technique. However, primary data were randomly collected through face to face interview from the selected respondents with the help of a s...
Samina Tahir Kiani1, Abdul Rauf1, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,*, Nuzhat Shafi1, Madiha Khalid2, Naeem Latif1, Samina Gul2, Saghir Yousaf3 and Muhammad Arshad4
... females), 4-17 years of age were screened for anti-HCV antibody, HBsAg and anti-MTB antibodies using ICT kits. Sputum microscopy for MTB was done in MTB antibody positive samples. The samples positive in initial screening were confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nine samples were found positive in both ICT and ELISA test for HCV while PCR showed six positive cases for HCV. HBV were found positive in thre...
Ying Yang 1,2,3, Tietao Zhang 1,2,3, Min Rong 1,2,3, JiaPing Xu 1,2,3 and Xiumei Xing 1,2,3*
...nses from weaning to the age of 26 weeks were studied in male and female mink receiving diets varying in energy level content. The apparent digestibility was digested better by male than by female. The energy levels affected the performances of female mink to a lesser degree than those of male mink. Diets containing energy at levels below 15.06KJ/kg and exceed 29.06 KJ/kg of dry matter did not support optimum growth of male, but energy levels at least as low a...

 Ramadan, F. Abbas1;H.M.Salem1; M.H. Belal2, and A. M. M. Abd-Alla3*

...me of integrated pest management approach.
...

Muhammad Akhtar1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Kaiser Latif Cheema1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid1, Amir Amin1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Zeeshan Qadeer1 and Zeshan Ali3

...d yield reduction percentage were calculated to identify the drought tolerant chickpea lines. Correlation analysis showed that the strains possessing higher number of pods plant-1, more root length and maximum grain weight were comparatively least susceptible to moisture stress along with higher yield potential. Results regarding drought indices also indicated that relatively higher DTE, less DSI and minimum yield reduction percentage<...

Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4

...onic cultivation. On average, relative to water use under geoponic agriculture, the hydroponic model’s productivity was 97.42 percent. The growth efficiency of the hydroponic spinach crop was much higher than that of geoponic cultivation. On average, the leaf area was 24 percent, height 25 percent, and steam scale 24 percent greater than geoponic. Statistically, there was a substantial (p<0.05) variation in the leaf...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Assad Ullah3, Abid Ali5, Ayesha Zafar3, Rukhsar Beanish3, Ahmad Ali4, Ghulam Mustafa4 and Mudassar Aslam4 

...getables were placed in cages having sand in bottom for pupation. After the adult emergence fruit fly species were identified based on diagnostic morphological features and placed in separate cages. Different fruits such as guava, apple, fig, banana and citrus were exposed to Bactrocera zonata for oviposition. Fruits were placed in cage to assess the host preference for oviposition fruits ...

Ahmed F. Afify1, Mohamed A. Shalaby2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and Amal S. Gaber1

...ong positive at a percentage of 24%.
Molecular detection of EAV genome was performed only on 8 selected semen and
EDTA-blood samples which were giving highly distinct positive reaction in the
indirect ELISA. All samples were found negative to the presence of EAV genome by
real time RT-PCR. Trials of isolation on different types of cell cultures were done on
the 4 described semen samples; RK-13, VERO-1...

El-Habbaa, A.S.

... the
3rd passage and 22 of samples (17/28 of sheep isolates and 5/8 of goat isolates) using
AGIDT and indirect-IFA. PCR detection showed positive results with 30 /40 of samples
before isolation (23/30 and 7/10 of sheep and goat samples, respectively) while it
showed positive results with 26 /36 of samples upon isolation (20/28 and 6/8 of sheep
and goat samples, respectively). It was concluded that AGI...
Asmaa A.M. Abd El-Ghani *; Ahmed B.M.; Abdel-Raouf A. ; Nagwa S. Ata* and H.A. Hussein
El-Dougdoug K.A.1, Sofy A.R.2, Rehab A. Dawoud3 and Korkar H.M.4
...onths on
storage MS medium supplemented with 40, 50, 60 and70 gL-1 at 10, 15 and 20ᴼC.
The highest survival percentage 100% with recorded with 40 and 50gm sucrose
concentrations at 10, 15 and 20°C while 70 gL-1at 20°C recorded the lowest
survival percentage, 70.5% sucrose at 12 months. The lowest shoot length and roots
n...
Mandour, A. M. 1, Abdel Maksoud, H. M. 2, Amal, A. Khalil 3 and Mohga, A. El-Tahlawey 4
...rop in Egypt. The percentage
of infection differs from one location to another. MDMV was isolated from
naturally infected maize plants at El-Monfia. These samples were checked
for virus presence using Indirect ELISA. A number of cultural practices were
evaluated as control measures against MDMV to minimize the virus
infection in maize crop.
...
Mansour, L. L.*; Othman, B. A. **; Abd-EL Ghaffar, M. H. **; Eman, M. Marai** and Sahar, A. Youssef* 
...
the identity percentage of Egyptian isolate group of BBTV-component- 6 with
component 6 of Indian, Taiwanese and Pakistani isolates group was 97%, whereas
it was 84% in case ofChinese isolate group.
...
Sallam A.A.A.1, Hoda M.A.Waziri2,E. K .F. Elbeshehy1, SamiaI.Massoud,1 and Abeer M. Abo El-Wafa2.
... 10ˉ3,and at3 weeks storage at room
temperature. The BBMV was tested serologically against antibodies of Broad bean
stain virus (BBSV) and (BBMV) using indirect ELISA. Positive reactions was
obtained only with BBMV antiserum.The BBMV induced amorphous cytoplasmic
inclusion bodies in infected cells .The Susceptibilityof some faba bean cultivars and
genotype was also studied forvirus infection.The effe...
Abeer A. Feisall; B.A. Othman2; Kh.A. El-Dougdoug2 and H.S. Shalaby1
...v>...

Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy

...r appropriate patient management and infection control. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of Lateral flow immuno-chromatography assay (LFICA) as a rapid test for detection of RV antigen in stool specimens collected from Egyptian infants and young children with ELISA, and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, to study the frequency of RV infection in Egyptian infants and young children during ...
RehamM. El-Bakrey1, Shimaa M.G. Mansour2, Mohammed A. El Sisi1 AndAmal A.M. Eid1
... was evaluated by percentage of protection from mortality, morbidity and reduction in virus shedding from respiratory and/orintestinal tracts. Despite the H5 antibody responses in vaccinated chickens with program I (rFP-AI-H5" vaccine then Re-5) being significantly lower prior to challenge, it provided good protection (73.3%) against the lethal A/chicken/Egypt/SHAH-1403/2011 (H5N1) AIV challenge, with no evidence of virus shedding. Keeping in mind that ea...

Yasser F. Elnaker 1, Mohamed El-Tholoth 2, Sahar Saber 3, Amira A- Elsaid4, Mohamed A. Saad 3, Emad E. Younis 5

...icken eggs for three passages followed by ten successive passages in Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and identification of isolated virus was done by indirect immunofluorescence test. The serum antibody titers were determined by serum neutralization test (SNT) and Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) in calves and also their dams. The results confirmed infection of calves with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and showed...

Ebtisam, A. Abouel yazeed1; Yanni, M.I.1 and Hanan A. Fahmy2

...bserved from the 3rd passages as clumping, rounding of infected cells with syncytia and leaving empty vacuole space in MDBK cell line. The detected rotavirus with tissue culturing was identified by FAT with apple green fluorescence in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Viral RNA was extracted and the virus was confirmed by RT-qPCR assay utilized primers and probe that were designed to the target gene for rotavirus. The presence of rotavirus in fecal samples obta...

Hanaa A. Ahmed1 and Eman M. AboHatab2

...collected at different stages during the course of the disease from private farms in Ismailia and Fayoum governorates during April to June 2013. Different diagnostic tests used for Isolation of LSD virus from the nodular samples by inoculation on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) SPF at 9-11 day and Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell culture. Identification of virus by indirect immuno fluorescent antibody technique (IFA) which...

Yanni, M. I1; Hanaa A. Ahmed2; Lamyaa, A. Ahmed1; Hanan, A. Fahmy3 and Ibrahim, E.M.4 Aggour, M. G.3

... and kelev with a percentage of (93.1% and 98% respectively). All Egyptian isolates have a common origin. In conclusion ,further epizootological study on a molecular basis is needed.

...

Hala K. Abdelmegeed 1, Eman M. Abohatab 1, Khattab,O. M. 1 , Salem, S.A.H. 1 , Arafa, A. 2, Nashwa M. Helmy 3

... serum samples in percentage 42.8% were positive for FMD non structure proteins( NSP) antibodies which indicated the natural infection. ELISA kit used for FMDV antigen detection for the epithelial suspension from 42 field samples collected from various geographic locations 10 governorates are ( El-Sharkia,Giza, Port Said, Assuit, Suize, Kafre El-Shake, Qina, Al-Gahrbia, Domiatte and Alexandria) Serotyping and molecular characterization by polymerase chain reac...

El-Bagoury, G.F., El-Nahas, E.M., El-Habbaa, A.S.

...8 h by the 3rd virus passage. The isolates were serologically identified by neutralization and immunoflourescence techniques, and then molecularly identified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Both cattle and buffalo isolates behaved the same pattern for serological and molecular identification in correlation with BEFV Webster reference strain and showed an amplicon size 473 bp for G2 gene. In conclusion, BEFV field strains from ca...

Samah A. Mokbel, Ahmed K. El-Attar

...igh level
management. To investigate the effect of gamma rays to produce healthy plantlets, the
hibiscus witches' broom phytoplasma was transmitted by grafting into healthy
hibiscus plants, the in vitro-infected hibiscus explants were exposed to gamma
radiation at different doses - 5 gray (Gy), 10Gy, 15Gy, 20Gy and 25 Gy- emitted
from cobalt 60 (60Co) for 30 minute. All applied doses resulted in phyto...

Samah A. Mokbel1, Ashraf A. Abd El-Mohsen2

...re detected. High percentage (93.1% or 76%) of PLRV- or PVX-free plantlets was achieved with meristem tip excision (0.1-0.2mm) from thermo-treated tubers at (38ºC) with survival rate 96.6% or 83.3% respectively. DAS-ELISA method was applied to the tubers directly, in vitro cultures and young acclimatized plantlets to detect these viruses. After direct transplant of in vitro virus-free plantlets in greenhouse. The statistical analysis showed that cultivars...

K.A. El-Dougdoug1, A.R. Sofy2, A.A. Mousa2 and E.E. Refaey2

...mmonly bands were percentage
24%. On the other hand, the unique band appeared only in infected plants of Valor cv. with MW
85 KDa. Total phenols and proline were increased in tolerant and resistant potato cultivars
compared to susceptible cultivars and healthy ones. Scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT, POX and
PPO) were increased mostly in tolerant and resistant cultivars compared with susceptible
cultivars ...
Amro A. Farrag1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2; Ibrahim A. I.2; H. M. Mazyad 1 
... fields was SLCV. Percentage of infection was higher at Nili
season than that at the summer season. Six different commercial varieties of common
bean were evaluated for SLCV infection at three different growth stages. The evaluation
was performed using whitefly inoculation in insect proof green house. Two commercial
varieties (Tema and Giza 6) were found to be tolerant to SLCV ...

Mohamed I. Azzam1, Safaa M. Ezzat1, K. A. El-Dougdoug2, Badawi A. Othman2

...e bio-diversity of coliphages to use as bio-indicators for viral water
pollution. The study elucidates the occurrence of enteric viruses at various locations in
Rosetta Branch of the Nile River in addition to five main drains located on its sides which
selected for confirmation the eco-diversity of aquatic viral isolates. The evaluation was
carried out using real time-quantitative reverse transcriptase - polymera...

Rehab A. Dawood1; Entsar A. Nassar2; and K.A. El-Dougdoug 3

...10C. The survival percentage was recorded 85.1, 81.2 and 50.8 for 50, 60 and70 gl -1 respectively for 12 months at 210C. All survival plantlets revealed viability and resumed growth on fresh medium within three weeks. PVY was eliminated from infected potato plants using osmotic potential (Osmotherapy) applied 50 , 60 and 70 gl -1 sucrose at 210C with 73 , 89 and 92 % respectively . In addition to production of microubers in vitro under osmotic potential 8.8 (5...

Amira A. Mazyad1; A. A. Kheder1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; W. Amer.2; Mahasen, H. Ismail.2; Amal, A.F.1

...berry fields. The percentages of infection were 3.7, 4.5, 15.7 and 20% in El-Behera, El-Kalubeia, El-Ismalia and El-Menofia respectively. SLRSV was transmitted either by Xiphinema americanumas nematode vector or mechanically from infected strawberry plants onto 16 host species belonging to seven families. Typical leaf curling, chlorosis, vein clearing and stunting were appeared on indicator host (cucumber) 3 weeks post inoculation. Stability experiments of SLR...

Elharony, S.B.1,3, SaharA.Youssef2 and Richard F. Lee3

...ironmentally hazardous reagents and equipment. It can be
performed even in low technology laboratories. The amount of tissue
required by this method is ∼50–100 mg. The quantity and the quality
of the nucleic acid extracted by this method is high enough to
perform hundreds of PCR-based reactions and also to be used in
other DNA manipulation techniques such as restriction digestion,

AdlyAbd-Alla1,2, MahaNada3, Francois Cousserans1, and Max Bergoin1

... and requires control management measures. During the
establishment of a N. viridulacolony in Egypt, a significant reduction in the insect
productivity and high mortality rate were observed. Electron microscopy examination of dead
insects homogenate revealed the presence of paraspherical virus like-particles with diameter
of 25 nm. Virus purification on cesium chloride gradient showed one band at a buoyant
...
Ashraf S. Khameis, lamya F. Atteya, Ayman H. Mansour, Heba A. Abdelhady, Ashraf A.
Saad
...the
isolated agent was identified using electron microscopy (EM).
Methods: Thirty five skin lesions of nodular and crusted scab samples were collected from clinically
infected SPV sheep and were prepared and isolated on chorioallantoic membrane of 9-11 days old
emberyonted chicken egg for three passages. The isolated samples were identified by EM and PCR.
Results: F...

Dina N. Abd-Elshafy

... reduction in the percentage of HAV plaque counts compared to
allowing the supplemented water to rest for without shaking and the same effect was shown
when water was freezed and tested after one and two weeks indicating stability and
irreversibility of the inhibitory effect of extract on HAV in water.
Conclusion: Methanolic extract of green tea has potential effect on HAV. Based on the
obtained resul...

Maha A. El-Abhar1, Moustafa A. Elkady1, Khaled M. Ghanem2, Hussieny A. Bosila3

... single local lesion passages onto Chenopodium
ammaranticolor which reproduced prominent local lesions. The virus isolate was then propagated in
potato Ditta cv. plants, The virus was identified on the bases of host range, symptomatology,
transmission and serological diagnosis, in addition to the ultrastructural changes produced in potato
leaf cells infected with AMV .
Results: Reaction of thirteen pl...

Dina A. Abdulrahman1, Ayman H. EL-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shaheen1 & Hussein A. Hussein2

... (FMDV) is the causative agent of multiple outbreaks and
severe economic losses in the cattle population since its introduction in Egypt. Although vaccination is
practiced to control the disease, it is still endemic. Moreover, emergence of new strains is possible
through the international borders of the endemic countries. Consequently, there is a dire need for
routine molecular characterization of the circulating...
Maha M. Khedr1, Reem A. Suliman1, Marwa F. Mohamed1, Mounir D. El Safty1, Hussein A.
Hussein2
...avian influenza in early age in chicks.
Methods: Eight groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were kept in isolators along the whole
period of the study. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were vaccinated with the prepared vaccine; group 4, 5 and 6 were
vaccinated with one of the imported reassortant H5N1 containing 300 HAU at 1, 5 and 10 days of age;
respectively. Groups 7 and 8 were ...
Hussein A. Hussein, Maha Khedr, Reem A. Suliman, Marwa F. Mohamed, Mounir D. El
Safty
...d 10
days of age; respectively. A group 7 was positive challenged control and group 8 negative challenged
groups. All chicken groups were maintained at isolators along the experiment study. Blood samples were
collected for weekly for 4 weeks and antibody titers were determined by HI test. All vaccinated groups
were challenged 4 weeks post vaccination and tracheal and cloacal swabs were taken at 3, 5, 7, and 10 da...
Arslan Mahmood Ahmad1, Muhammad Ameen Jamal1, Abdul Sattar1,  Aamir Ghafoor2, Aqeel Javeed3 and Amjad Riaz1*
...cated that higher percentage of activation of mouse oocyte was achieved with 10mM and 15mM for period of 3 h and 6 h compared to the control group (P<0.05). To examine the toxic effect, 10mM SrCl2 with 3 h exposure showed minimal detrimental effect on embryo development. Collectively, our findings revealed that 10mM concentration of SrCl2 for 3 h exposure was appropriate for oocyte activation with the least toxic impact for embryonic d...
Asma Kaouachi1, Mohcen Menaa1*, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah2 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi1
...ocess of conservation management of wood pigeon, a study of the diet of this pigeon was undertaken from October 2015 to April 2017 within the Souk Ahras region, in North-eastern Algeria. This work was carried out by using a combination of digestive-contents analysis (86 contents) and field observations (during the breeding season). We identified 16 plant species of which four were recorded through on-site observations and 12 species were collected from bird cr...
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...ilable and there is shortage of drugs, beds, trained doctors and paramedical staff. Unfortunately, no vaccine is available yet so the only management strategy is the prevention of infection by wearing masks and following social distancing. Cleanliness, hygiene and quarantine measures are the key to stop any epidemic to pandemic and is known to human being throughout the history and it becomes more critical when global travel...
Roheela Yasmeen1*, Nida Mobeen1 and Samia Chaudhry2
... can persuade cardiac damage, arrhythmias, severe coronary syndrome and venous thromboembolic complications. Patients of COVID-19 having already cardiovascular problems showed severe symptoms of this disease and have greater chance of death. This review article especially pays attention on cardiovascular symptoms of COVID-19 and its enhanced effect on patients with already existing cardiovascular diseases.
...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...ctive integrated pest management campaign in guava orchards.
...
Nehafta Bibi1,2, Faiq Jan3, Munawar Saleem Ahmad4 and Haitao Wang1,5,*
...ased in an experimental cage and allowed them to accommodate themselves in darkness for 10 min. In the second trial we turned on the dimmer to a given luminance for 2 min. We found that activity threshold for secondary cavity nesting passerines ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 cdm-2 and non-cavity nesting passerines from 22.00 to 16.00 cdm-2. Our results shed light on the question about potential effect of luminance on visual p...
Saira Gul1,2, Sohail Ahmed2*, Tahir Usman1*, Khalid Khan3, Sultan Ayaz1, Saleha Gul4 and Nawab Ali5
...Japan. It was found that aged, exotic and crossbreed cattle were more susceptible to A. marginale infection in summer season compared to the younger and indigenous cattle breeds, respectively (P˂0.01). Moreover, the study revealed widespread prevalence of A. marginale in the subtropical areas of KP, Pakistan.
...
Wen-Feng Li, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Hong-Li Shan, Xiao-Yan Cang, Zhi-Ming Luo, Xiao-Yan Wang, Jie Li and Ying-Kun Huang*
...of pest that severely damages sugarcane. To explore and seek effective and environmentally friendly control technology for sugarcane borers, promote environmentally friendly control for sugarcane pests, new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers, Abamectin•Bacillus thuringiensis and Tebufenozide were selected and applied for control of Sesamia inferens Walker and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen). The results showed that new sex pher...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1,*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Arfan Ahmad2, Syed Nadeem Mansoor3 and Muhammad Anees4
...an erythroid cell percentage (39.95 versus 17.95%), myeloid cell percentage (57.29 versus 21.98%) and the mean M/E ratio (1.43 versus 1.22), respectively. Bone marrow smears were normocellular among healthy birds while, in diseased chicken, severe aplasia was noted. The bone marrow findings suggested an easy, quick and cost-effective approach for supportive diagnosis of chicken anemia virus infection and therefore could be r...
Abeera Razzaq1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qingyou Liu3
...e potential of ROS to damage DNA has become a topic of significant interest for environmental toxicology studies. Thepresent research was conducted to assess the genotoxic potential of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) mixture to fish Labeo rohita by using micronuclei assay. Fish were exposed to the four sub-lethal doses (26.61, 13.30, 19.98 and 7.98 mgL-1) of Cr+Cr mixture for 28 days and blood was sampled after 7 days interval. A group (n=10) o...

Akram I. Aboelkhair1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahin1 and Hussein A. Hussein2

...sion of cell culture passage of the virus, Serological
identification was done by serum neutralization test ( SNT ) using reference antisera which confirm
presence of LSDV . By nucleotide sequences and genetic characterization was conducted on (G-PCR)
gene segment of these isolates.
Results: 93 samples were positive for LSDV by using conventional PCR direct from nodular lesion, 4
positive samples were...

Hanaa A. Elsamadony1, Laila A. Tantawy1, Sabry E. Omar2 and Heba A. Abd Alah1

...study, 30 layer farms of age 40 to 100-days-old from different governorates
(Alexandria, Gharbia, Giza and Qalubia) were examined for CAV with real-time PCR and
histopathological examination. The positive samples were prepared and inoculated in SPF chicks' oneday-
old then at aged 10-days post-inoculation collected organs for PCR, sequencing and
immunohistochemically examinatio...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1

...-1, as novel and safe management strategies
against the invasion of CMV in cucumber plants.
Methods: The fan was operated two times per day (8:00 am and 18:00 pm, each time for 30 min).
Moreover, cucumber plants were treated with cell free filtrate (CF) of GF 19-1 at 1 day before virus
inoculation.
Results: The wind velocity (2.6 m/s) resulted in decreased virus severity and titer compared with the
Samira M. Bolis1, Magda Mahmoud2, Salah E. Gumma3, Naser E. Bilal1 and
Isam ElKhidir4
...ted with FEH in childern aged three to fourteen years
old.
Methods: Fourty seven biopsies and oral smears were collected from Children (3 -14) years old, who
attended the pediatric dental clinics of Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum and Khartoum
Dental Teaching Hospital, clinically diagnosed by the dental clincian as FEH cases and their guardian
agreed to participate. The study used the mul...
Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer, Basem M. Ahmed and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi
...om
different ages, different type of raising which were housed in different Governorates in Lebanon
including, broilers, layer hens of breeders, backyard chickens and ducks for serosurveillance and
molecular characterization. Also; sequence analysis of the same IBV-positive samples.
Results: flocks had shown high discrepancy of CV% values with regard to ELISA results against IB
virus. Out of 60 flocks...

Mohamed F. ElKersh1, Fatma M. Abdalla2, Gamilat K. Farg2, Soad A. Nasef3, Ahmed A. Ali2

... of AIV done via good managemental procedures, as well as strict quarantine measures and enhanced bio-security. Regular diagnosis and viral screening will be helpful in the eradication of the new strains to predict the newly coming waves of infection and to be able to develop the recommended vaccines. Objective: Our study aimed for Molecular Diagnosis of Avian influenza virus (AIV) from Different Avian Species that would be useful to detect the current strains...
Hanan Sayed1, Mohamed S. Madkour1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Mounir Mohamed Elsaft 3,
Marwa F. El saied3, Ahmed A El-Sanousi2
....
Results: Usage of formalin inactivated combined H9N2, LaSota and IB (M41 and Var 2) vaccine with
montanide 71 adjuvant decreases the shedding pattern of H9N2 and NDV in SPF and commercial layer
chicken for six months after the booster vaccination.
Conclusion: Formalin inactivated, montanide 71 adjuvanted combined H9N2, LaSota and IB (M41
and Var 2) vaccine induces protection for 7 months against cha...

Hanan Sayed 1, Mohamed S. Madkour 1, Hussein A. Hussein 2, Ahmed A El-Sanousi 2

...div>
Conclusion: Usage of formalin inactivated combined H9N2, LaSota and IB (M41 and Var 2) vaccine
with montanide 71 adjuvant can protect chicken until six months from the booster vaccination and
decrease shedding of IBV.
...

Abdelaziz A. Yassin, Ayman H. El Deeb, Abeer E. Mansour, Hussein A. Hussein

...d calves (6-12 months of age) were used to study the cytokine profile including IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and antibody response of calves vaccinated with conventional inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine. Expression of Th1 and Th2 was determined using quantitative ELISA. Results reveled peaks of IL-4 at 7th day, IFN-γ at 14th day and IL-2 at 21st day post vaccination. Lymphocytic proliferation assays demonstrated the continuous response of lymphocytes started...
Huda S. Darwish 1, Om-hashem M. El-Banna2, Mohamed S. Abbas3, Hoda M. Waziri 1, Maisa A. Awad1
...are known as chemical mutagens.
Objective: Study the effect of chemical mutagens (NaN3and EMS) on the resistance of (ToRSV) on
two different tomato cultivars and characterization induction mutagens by ISSR molecular method.
Methods: ToRSV was isolated from infected tomato, grapevine and pelargonium plants and detected
using double antibody sa...

Tahsin S. Shoala1, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud3

...
production. PLRV management became a challenge due to the economic importance of potato
(Solanum tuberosum L.), the fourth largest staple crop in the world. Our research was aiming
to manage PLRV In-Vitro.
Methods: Infected potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. slany) were externally sterilized
and cultured in Murashige and Skoog media (MS media). Four weeks later, pota...

Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon

...ne use in scavenging village chickens in Adamawa State, Nigeria.
...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...primers respectively. Metagenomics is done to
evaluate a virus harvest for standardization by applying a suite of genomic technologies and
bioinformatics tools to directly represent the genetic content of entire communities of organisms in the
given harvest.
Results: In this study a 3rd generation sequencing (TGS) was applied using a Nanopore technology
(MinION) based on identification of DNA bases by...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...m
one life stage to the next and transovarian is transmission of virus from parent vector to its egg.
Objective: Investigation of LSDV replication capacity in ticks uses targeted detection of the viral
DNA polymerase mRNA and metagenomics analysis using MinIon technology.
Methods: A total of 34 adult female ticks were collected from three LSD clinically disease cattle that

Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2

... used for six serial passages.
The obtained LSDV isolate was molecularly identified and deposited to the GenBank accession
number of MN271728. In addition, a comparative study of LSDV growth curves of two permissible
continuous cell lines (MDBK and Vero). The growth curve of LSDV was determined by inoculating
both cultures, harvesting at intervals up to 24 hours and titrating the virus culture. To confirm LSDV
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
...stics were studied and imaged by TEM.
Results: Images showed particle size ranged from 200-400 nm instead of 1 micron of the original.
Immunological evaluation by serum neutralization test showed enhanced immunogenicity of
developed formula when compared to the conventional one. Challenge test revealed high protection
levels that reached 90% of the Guinea pig vaccinated by nano...

Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder

...
produce severe damage to infected plants. However, studies on the effect of the CMV on the cellular
and internal structures of sugar beet leaves were rare.
Methods: The CMV was isolated from sugar beet samples collected during November 2018 from the
Fayoum governorate, exhibited symptoms of mosaic and leaf malformation. Detection was performed
depending on the presence of specific antibodies against CMV, a...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Samra Ammara1, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1, Shahbaz Hussain2, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Abdul Rehman1 and Amjed Ali1

...yl ether sulfate) for management of R. capitata in green gram crop. 

...

Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1

...these were at juvenile stages. Infested fish were transferred to the glass aquaria (60 L) and treated with 4 treatments for 15 days: I) Potassium permanganate II) Aquarium salt III) Formalin and IV) Mechanical. The significant lower (P<0.05) parasitic burden were found in mechanical treatment followed by salt, formalin and potassium permanganate. Clinical signs like excessive mucus production, fin erosion, pale gills, and slight hemorrh

Gulnaz Ismaylova

...aponica cause serious damage to plants. When the females lay their eggs, it files the sprouts by the ovipositor and let them dry. Wintering is carried out in the egg phase. Nymphs begin to hatch from overwintered eggs in early May. The eggs of O. japonica were also photographed under a JCM-6000 electron microscope and given dimensions. It turned out that the surface of the egg has a peculiar microstructure (consists mainly of hexagonal and sometimes pentagonal...

Ljupco Angelovski*, Zagorka Popova, Katerina Blagoevska, Sandra Mojsova, Marija Ratkova Manovska, Mirko Prodanov, Dean Jankuloski, Pavle Sekulovski

...ughter line and cold storage of the meat before shipping to the market). A total of 283 samples (cloacal swabs, caeca and carcass swabs) were analyzed for the presence of C. jejuni. The isolates of C. jejuni were confirmed with the conventional microbiological method and with the use of multiplex PCR method. Both methods confirmed the overall prevalence of C. jejuni of 39.2%. In the second part of the study 108 confirmed isolates of ...

Bakhtiar Gul*, Saleetha Rabial and Haroon Khan

... of herbicides on the management, growth and reproduction of duckweed (Lemna minor). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replecations and various herbicidal treatments. Duckweed was collected from fresh water bodies and transferred to the experimental units (pots). Data were recordrd on fresh biomass, budding (%), duckweed mortality (%), plant growth, root length, frond diameter, growth of microscopic algae and macrophy...

Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Usman Asif2*, Abdul Hayee Abid1, Qurat ul Ain Haneef1 and Muhammad Awais2

...ance. The maximum percentage of whitefly hot spots ranged in line from 8.36-24.14% during three years study period followed by mealybug (6.71-11.79%), jassid (4.56-7.22%), thrips (1.36-6.22%), pink bollworm (0.99-5.42%) and armyworm (2.77-4.23%). The population of dusky cotton bug, spotted bollworm and American bollworm were negligible with 1.22% hot spots of dusky cotton bug and 0.02% of spotted bollworm during 2020. CLCuV hot spots ranged from 15.66-22.74% d...

Ibadullah Jan1*, Iqbal Munir2, Inamullah Khan3, Syed Muhammad Suhail4 and Aqib Iqbal2

...ced ear edema model, Carrageenan induced paw edema model, Hot plate pain model, Ethanoic acid-induced pain model, Yeast instigated pyrexia model acute toxicity model was used to investigate Dosiflavone. Dosiflavone showed significant (p<0.05) reduction of the ear edema at a high dose. However, at 20 mg/kg for 60 minutes, the impact was less important. In vivo anti-inflammatory testing revealed that Dosiflavone significantly (p<0.05) reduced the biphasic ...

Pukhtoon Yar1*, Salman Khan2, Du Ying1 and Muhammad Israr3

...here are three various stages for the successful execution of the projects under the umbrella of CPEC. The agriculture sector would be directly or indirectly benefited from these projects, currently ongoing under CPEC. Over the last several decades the country’s agriculture sector has severely been affected, and the crisis in energy might be the prime reason responsible for this downfall. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a comprehensive l...

Ameer Hamza1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor Us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Muhammad Luqman2,*

...ries like Pakistan. Shortage of good quality water compels the farmers to use brackish water. Use of saline water along with leaching fraction could be useful by keeping low concentration of salts in the root surrounding area. This study assessed the role of leaching in alleviating the negative effect of saline water on soil characteristics. Results of the studies indicated that 6.57% reduction in soil pH (7.6), 46.06% reduction in EC (1.3 dS m-1), and 46.41% ...

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Muhammad Amin3, Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi4, Nafees Ahmad5 and Rasheed Ahmad6

...oping and sustainable management of natural resources. The northern mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan are rich in biodiversity and provide fragmented and fragile ecosystem services while vulnerability to the rapid changes in LULC with irreversible impacts on ecosystems, especially in district Shangla. Real-time monitoring and assessment are essential to understand such changes in LULC. In the current study, spatio-temporal changes of LULC were obtained ...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*
...ults showed that the average body weight and survival rate of P. monodon in Diet A group were higher than those of Diet B group, and the heritability of P. monodon in Diet A and Diet B group was 0.53±0.12 and 0.39±0.09, respectively, which belonged to high heritability, and the heritability of survival after transformation was 0.38 and 0.22, respectively, which varied from medium to high heritability. The estimated heritability of b...

Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan Anser2, Humara Umar2 and Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2

...g, rooted cutting percentage and callus percentage were collected under four different treatments. Cutting under the only green net (5944 lux), white net (11428 lux) only upper side white net (8484 lux) and both green and white net (5538). The results were found significant regarding the interaction between varieties and treatments; however, non-significant variation in varieties was found regarding the number of roots, days...

Ahmed Ali Moryani1, Nasir Rajput1*, Muhammad Naeem1, Atta Hussain Shah1 and Hidayatullah Soomro2

...cid. The dressing percentage was observed significantly (P < 0.05) higher in compound II supplementary group F and lowest in control group A. Whereas, the fat pad percentage recorded significantly (P < 0.05) lowest in the compound II supplementary group F and highest in control group A. The relative weight of organs; liver, pancreas, spleen, heart, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, thymus and ceaca was observed significant (P ...

Rupinder Kaur1,2*, Pretty Bhalla3, Jubin Kumar Saini4 and Sayeeduzzafar Qazi5

...als. The role of gender, age and marital status on stress levels has also been examined further. For this purpose, the data was collected in the year 2020 from 68 Agricultural Extension officials, which comprised 38 temporary and 30 permanent officials. The results investigated that temporary extension officials face more role stress as compared to their permanent counterparts. Additionally, Resource Inadequacy (RIn) and Self-role Distance (SRD) are reported a...

Hina Afzal*, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir and Asghar Ali 

... the overall economy average TFP growth rate is higher from 1981 to 1990 in the agriculture sector of the country. The TFP growth of agriculture sector was higher in this decade. Comparison between the TFP with other sectors like industrial and services, having 1.51%, 4.01% and 4.12%. TFP has been lowest in the agriculture sector as compared to other sectors as per findings of the study. As a result, effective policies are needed to enhance agriculture total f...
Aamer Abbas1, Jabbar Khan1*, Mir Abid Hassan2, Asif Qayyum3 and Hamed Shafiq4
...ile males having maximum age limit of above 47 years and highest marriage ages during the present study showed comparatively higher concentrations of all the heavy metals. Zinc was found with highest means values while cadmium was recorded with lowest concentrations. On comparing severe oligozoospermia with mild/moderate oligozoospermic patients with respect to semen analysis, it was obser...
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Mehwish Iqtedar2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3,*
... contents in G2, G3, average weight, weight gain in G1, G3 than both control groups and specific growth rate in G2. On the contrary carbohydrate contents were found to be decreased significantly in all experimental groups. Henceforth, it has been concluded that on the basis of survival data and body profile, Sphingomonas sp. AsCh--P3 could be used successfully as probiotic bacterium against the fish pathogen prophylactically in Labeo rohita finge...

Dilan Ozmen Ozgun1, Gonca Alak2, Arzu Ucar2, Sinan Bilginer3, Halise Inci Gul3, Mahmut Kocaman2, Cem Yamalı3, Veysel Parlak2, Muhammed Atamanalp2, Ahmad Maslat4 and Telat Yanık2*

...d further for possible usage in aquaculture industry to produce healthy fish.
...
Muhammad Noman Koondhar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1,*, Muhammad Ammar Khan2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Parkash Dewani4
...h). The samples were packaged aseptically and transported to laboratory within 4-6 hs of collection in cooling conditions. The samples were examined for Salmonella contamination; isolation and identification of Salmonella serovars was done using the standard procedure, while antimicrobial profile was illuminated using the disk diffusion method
Hassan Shahzad Khan1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Asim Gulzar1
... have been adopted to manage the vector of these diseases. The excessive use of insecticides has led to development of resistance in Aedes albopictus and negative impact on the environment and non-target organisms. To overcome these problems, emphasis is being laid for alternatives such as biopesticides which are environmental friendly and economical. Therefore, in the present study, the toxicity of eight plant extracts and their green synthesized nanop...
Wenjuan Yan1, Qunlan Zhou2, Bo Liu2,3*, Cunxin Sun2, Huimin Zhang3 and Changyou Song2
...ter prawn, reduce the damage of oxidative stress.
...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Ming-ge Zhuang1,2,3, Fa-lin Zhou1,2, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...e rate, eggs amount, average spawning time and levels of VTG mRNA expression. The results showed that P. tschiliensis, as a closely related terrestrial species of N. succinea, had the best effect on maturation of parent shrimps. The highest gonad weight increase rate of 1845.28% and the largest consecutive spawning rate with average value of 70.66% were both in groups fed on P. tschiliensis, with no sign...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,2*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Umar Ijaz3,Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Asim1Asif Mahmood Qureshi4, Mahboob Iqbal4 and Muhammad Akhtar4
... vicinity of Sardhok village, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. The locality yielded the typical Pleistocene fauna of the Siwalik Group in Pakistan. The fossils of Bubalus platyceros described in this article were excavated from the Pleistocene of Sardhok. The collected specimens represent some of the rarest anatomical elements of the species, found in Pakistan for the first time, and add substantial knowledge on the anatomical features of Bu. ...

Sami Ullah1, Bernhard Brümmer2 and Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*

...was found that on an average 85% dairy farms are technically efficient, indicating that output can be increased by 15% by enhancing the efficiency of the dairy farms. The study reveals that extension services enhance the technical efficiency of dairy farmers by imparting better management and disease control skills. Extended extension services are recommended, alongside quality training programmes and the provision of improv...

Haroon Ur Rashid1*, Nazia Tahir2, Muhammad Zamin3, Naveed Shehzad4, Aman Ullah2, Bibi Zainub5 and Farooq Azam6

...Asia. Integrated weed management (IWM) is recommended to reduce our reliance on synthetic herbicides and sustainable maize production. In this study, different tillage regimes and various allelopathic treatments were integrated for weed management in spring planted maize at Agricultural Research Station, Swabi (KP), Pakistan during spring both years 2014 and 2015. The experiment was laid o...

Sana Javeid* and Khalid Nawab

...e collected using multistage simple random sampling techniques. The data were collected using an interview schedule; analysis were carried out by using cross-tabulation, frequency counts, percentages through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). To measure the poverty level of apple orchard growers, poverty score card was employed. In addition, bivariate analysis was used to exam...
Nabila Kousar1, Tanzeela Riaz2, Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori3 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...gainst the same larval stage of different strains of pest populations and the mixture 0.5DM+1DE was found to be most effective among all mixtures on the basis of LC50 values and relative toxic unit. The toxicity of this mixture was analyzed on glucose, glycogen, trehalose, total proteins, soluble proteins, free amino acids and total lipids contents of 4th instars larva of most resistant GUW and least resistant LAB-S populations at exposur...
Muhammad Mobashar1, Qazi Aqeel1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Assar Ali Shah2*, Ahmed A.A. Abdel-Wareth3, Salman Khan4, Nazir Ahmad1, Sami Ullah1 and  Haq Amanullah5
... while daily intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion efficiency were not affected. It is concluded that the dietary supplementation of alfalfa and Prangos pabularia hay increase the dry matter intake, digestibility and growth performance of Kari sheep.
...

Khalid Mehmood1*, Abdul Rehman2 and Ammara Khan1

... upon the farmers’ age, education level, access to quality seed, registration status, awareness, and active participation in farmers training programs. Farmers’ conventional behavior, lack of awareness, lack of access to quality seed, and lack of promotion of improved crop varieties were found as the major challenges in adoption of improved groundnut varieties in Pakistan. It is suggested that concrete measures should be taken for availability of t...

Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2

Moheem Khan1, Arif Ali1*, Shafique Ahmed Memon1, Taimoor Khan Qambrani2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Jahanzaib Khan1, Saghir Ahmed1, Azmat Hussain Abro4 and Sohail Azeem Baloch1

...t on all developmental stages of T. castaneum. The results revealed that significant mortality was observed in eggs, larvae and pupal stage at all given timings of UV-B light compared with control. Incubation period of eggs, developmental period of larvae and pupae gradually increased as increasing exposure time of UV-B light. Statistically, no significant difference was observed between 5 minutes UV-light and control group ...
Syed Azmat Ali Shah1*, Asfandyar Ahmed2, Khan Shahzada3, Syed Muhammad Ali4, Akhtar Naeem Khan5 and Akhter Gul6
...e material models and damage criteria are employed for each mode of failure. A parametric study was then performed to assess the influence of different material properties on the lateral load capacity of the RC frame infilled with masonry. It was demonstrated that for the same gravity load level the enhancement of brick unit properties enhances the total capacity of the RC frame with infill. Similarly, by increasing the gravity load on the structure with the s...

Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1

...point of view of the village women, thus determines maturity for them, is not a scientific criterion, but a specific period of time or a particular season. The aim of present study was to determine the optimal olive harvest time, this study was carried out in the circle of Massmouda region in the city of Ouezzane northern Morocco. It was made in order to evaluate the influence of ripening on the olive oil chemical composition. To carry out this work an olive t...

Javed Anwar Shah1, Azhar Iqbal1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Aslam3, Muneer Abbas4 and Ilyas Ahmad5*

...tivity. Other disease management approaches are not more efficient and economical except to exploit the host plant resistance mechanism. The present study for screening of 60 elite chickpea lines was carried out for two consecutive years during 2017-18 and 2018-19 under controlled environment at pulses research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan. Favorable conditions for disease incidence were developed by maintaining the temperature between15-20 °C and humidi...
Asim Mushtaq1*, Asra Nafees1, Raza Muhammad Khan1, Amina Israr1 and Zaeem Uddin Ali
...Cement concrete is advantageous over bituminous. It helps in investigating Polymer Fiber Reinforced Concrete (PFRC). PFRC enhances the reinforced concrete design, and it is proved as more durable than standard concrete pavements. The basic aim is to increase the compressive strength along with the tensile and flexural strength of PFRC. In particular, the highest compressive strength is observed between the low and high composition of fibers. At high weight fra...

Gulzar Ullah* and Gohar Ayub

...dlings at their 4-leaf stage were subjected to a 350C temperature stress for 10, 15 and 20 hrs as a pre-transplant hardening method. Both groups HP (heat pretreatment) and NHP (Non-heat pretreatment or Control) were then transplanted to the field. Results revealed that different heat pretreatment durations and varieties significantly affected the growth and yield of tomato. Regarding heat pretreatment durations, number of flower clusters plant-1 (16.06), fruit...

Hina Fatima1*, Bushra Yasmin2 and Lal Khan Almas3

... findings yielded an average technical efficiency of score 0.79 in bitter gourd-capsicum cropping systems. More intrinsically, the apparent output gap is due to inefficient utilization of inputs within given farm resources that can be improved by proper farm management practices, enhancing farmers’ knowledge regarding inputs quality and its time-effective utilization in addition to the marketing information about avail...

Muzamil Farooque Jamali1, Fayaz Ali Jamali1, Tanveer Fatima Miano1, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho3, Khalid Hussain Talpur4, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho1 and Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro5*

Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Muhammad Laiq1, Maryam Bibi1, Nasir Ali2, Ulfat Naz1, Muhammad Zakria1, Nausheen Nazir3, Adam Khan4 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz5
...ere divided into two linkages and further divided into 7 sub clusters. Every group showed less difference to one another but high variation to other groups. Similarly, in total seed storage proteins, a total of 13 polypeptides bond were found with the total genetic diversity of (0.68%) found  in band 1, while in band 2, the variation was 0.63%. A cluster dendogram was constructed for total seed stor

Masudul Haq Wani and Arshad Bhat*

...t least 3 mt/ha, the average productivity gain will shoot up from 0.96 MT/ha to about 3.00 MT/ha. thereby, improving the productivity by 3 fold, employability which went up from 260 to 810 man-days/ha. The results further revealed that with an expected expansion of medium density almond orchards over 30 per cent of the target area will provide NPV 1348.5 Billion US $, IRR 70 per cent and BC ratio would amount to 107.74 respectively. The study concludes that at...

Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Zunera Abbas1, Uzma Nazir1, Mehrunisa Basharat1, Tanveer Ahmed3, Adnan Ahmad Qazi2

... metals cause genetic damage in exposed species like fish. Therefore, this study focused on the genotoxic effects of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) on nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of Wallago attu were assessed by micronucleus assay. Fish were exposed to different concentrations (1/3rd, 1/4th, 1/5thand 1/7th of LC50) of Pb, Cr and Cd, separately, for three weeks. Blood sample of fish was collected to see the micronuclei (MN) and d...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Afzal2

...e insecticide for the management of two major insect pests of citrus orchards. 
...

Sajida Batool1, Saira Batool1, Sitara Shameem1, Fatima Khalid1, Tahira Batool2, Summera Yasmeen1, Saima Batool3*

...g body weight through gavages for 28 days while the control (Cnt) group remains untreated. On the 29th day, all animals were sacrificed to recover liver for histological preparations. Atrazine (ATZ) caused various hepatic implications in the treated animals. ATZ exposure caused a significant decline in mean body and liver weight as compared to the Cnt group. The histopathological findings in ATZ administered group included loosening hepatic tissue, massive deg...
Ahmet Arpacık
...i>V. vulpes. The average longest hairs (means ± standard errors [SE]) were observed to be 6.66 ± 1.22, 6.02 ± 0.75, and 5.56±5.57 cm in C. aureus, V. vulpes, and C. lupus, respectively. The highest medullary index (0.72 ± 0.52 μm) was recorded in C. aureus followed by V. vulpes (0.70 ± 0.56 μm) with the lowest in C. lupus (0.42 ± 0.64 μm). Hair root diameter...
Chao-Qun Shi1, Hong-Ying Lin1, Jin-Qing Zheng1, Fan Yang1, Kwame Ayisi Lartey1, Dan-Ju Kang1, Hwa-Chian Robert Wang2, Ravi Gooneratne3*and Jin-Jun Chen1*
...FCO) as an antibacterial agent in vitro, and the mechanism of action of TFCO in combating Escherichia coli-induced diarrhoea in mice. MBC and MIC values of 0.25 and 0.125 g TFCO/ml showed it was effective as an antibacterial agent against E. coli (CMCC 44752) in vitro. Ninety Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups of 18 mice per group (1 male: 1 female). The groups were control (salin...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1, Iwona Szatkowska1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Wilhelm Grzesiak2, Sara Tabor-Osińska1, Małgorzata Wasielewska1Witold S. Proskura1, Wojciech Kruszyński3 and Edward Pawlina3
..., fat and protein percentage were found in the second lactation. In HO, significant differences in milk fat content and yield were observed in the third lactation. No significant differences were found for RW. The bioinformatic analysis allowed us to infer that transcription factors other than the ZFP217 protein bind to the sites located outside the C>T substitution. Further studies are required to elucidate the molecular basis of the relationships observed...
Sen Liu1,2, Yue Zhu2, Haixia Leng2, Ying Wang1, Xiangju Yin1 and Yajun Zhao1*
...scle (M) tissues. An average of 67.0% CCGG loci was methylated in each tissue. There were significant methylation differences among tissues in full-methylation (p < 0.001) and total methylation (p = 0.001). Moreover, various unique methylated loci (15–59) were also detected. Non-negligible level of hemi-methylation (31.4%) existed, indicating that CHG methylation may also play a potential role in tissue development and differentiation in...
Hui-Ming Li1, Bi-Ze Yang1, Xue-Jun Jin1,2, Lin-Miao Li1, Hai-Ying Jiang1
Xiu-Juan Zhang1 and Jin-Ping Chen1*
... The conservation and management of this species could benefit from a better understanding of its genetic diversity and structure. In this study, 24 novel SSRs were isolated from full-length transcriptome and they were used for assessing of parent-offspring relationship for M. javanica. All SSR markers were highly polymorphic with a mean of 6 alleles per locus, ranged from 2 to 10 alleles. The average polymorphism inf...
Masoomeh Sohrabi Mollayousefi1* and Babak Moghaddasi2
...estigated benthic assemblage of Foraminifera and Ostracods along the Gilan province in the southern shoreline of Caspian Sea, Iran as a pioneer study throughout the country. The sampling stations were selected to cover the shoreline both extremes as well as middle parts. Different physio-chemical properties like salinity, pH, carbonate content, sediment particle size and peculiarities were measured in the pre-defined sampling sites. Our findings show that Fora...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
...n freshwater fish assemblages needs to be validated. The aim of this study was to test stocks of Gymnocypris selincuoensis that may be distinguished using otolith shape from three rivers and eight lakes in northern Tibet. Shape indices (SDs) (form-factor, circularity, rectangularity, ellipticity, roundness, surface density and aspect ratio) and normalized Elliptic Fourier descriptors (NEFDs) were analysed by multivariate statistical procedures. To exami...
Aftab Raza Khan1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Javed Iqbal3, Arif Muhammad Khan4, Zeshan Hassan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2 and Umbreen Shahzad2
... stands (93.75%). An average density of grey francolins 13.01±6.39/km2 varying between 0.30±0.23 and 1.97±0.65/ km2 was recorded in different stands. Sex ratio of grey francolins (1.41:1) was skewed towards males. The current data on overall dispersion index of 2.1±0.43 per km2 in different calendar months reflected a clumped dispersion. Sixty crops of adult birds were analyzed for food contents in d...
Wanqiu Zhao1,2, Taoyan Yuan1, Li Chen2, Xue Du2, Weihu Chen4, Yan Fu1, Dong Niu3,* and Lizhi Lu2,*
...different reproductive stages and to investigate the relationships between intestinal microflora and geese reproductive states. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of geese duodenum content samples at three different stages (laying, broody, and recovery stage). Taxonomic analysis revealed that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the three most abundant phyla in the duodenum of...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5
... formation mediated by flagellum-mediated motility. Type III protein secretion systems of several gram-negative bacterial pathogens use flagella to invade foreign surfaces, host tissues and substrates. Flagellar biosynthesis and function in Salmonella typhimurium isregulated by >50 genes. Bioinformatics analysis of flagellar assembly in S. t...
Hui Wang1,2, Yuchen Zhao1 and Xinpu Wang1,*
... effects of grassland management on invertebrate diversity and its associated environmental factors were less reported in northern China. The relationship between the activity-density of carabid beetles and environmental factors was conducted under three different grassland management regimes (typical enclosure, enclosed mowing, and farmer grazing practice) in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwestern China, from May t...

Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad

...larly leaf [P] at this stage showed significant correlation with plant growth. These results concluded that enrichment of composting material with P can enhance the bio-available P to plant and cab boost up the plant growth in calcareous soils. 

...

Jong Ho Ahn1, Jang Hoon Choi1,2 and In Sik Nam1,3,*

...xty Hanwoo steers of average weight and average age 6.5 months were raised until the age of 18 months (growing period, G) and from the age of 19 months to 30.85–31.52 months (fattening period, F). They were separately fed concentrate and forage (C) or total mixed ration (TMR, T...

Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Muhammad Fiaz3*

...re levels for optimum forage productivity in a split plot arrangement having 3 main plots and 4 sub-plots with three replicates. Triticale was cultivated as monocrop, mixed cropped with hairy vetch and winter pea under 3 main plots. Four manure levels were also evaluated under 4 sub-plots: 0 kg N (nitrogen)/ha (control), 50, 100 & 150 kg N/ha. The collected data were analyzed using general linear model procedure through Statistical Analysis Software (SAS)....
Jia Li and Hong Yang*
...n source but was also engaged in the electron transfer among the micro-organisms which take part in the BaA biodegradation process. Therefore, the microbial activity also engaged in the biodegradation of BaA like genes quantity, the activity of enzymes and functional of bacteria, were also increased due to the APG and alkaline treatments. Overall, the instantaneous enhancement of microbial activity and BaA bioavailability in...
Li Ma1 *, Xu Han1, Bo Yang2 and Chunhua Zhou3
...protect the oxidative damage in HUVECs. However, compared to the oxidation-treated cells, the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased in drug-treated cells. Mechanistically, the percentage of G1 phase and S phase cells in vitamin C and drug groups was decreased, and the percentage of G2 phase cells was increased significantly. Intriguingly, the number of CD105/CD62E-marked HUVECs cells ...
Junyan Bai1*, Rentaodi Wu2*, Qihang Hu1, Lema Dao2 and Xinghua Tian3
...sults show that, the average effective allele number, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of 17 microsatellite markers in sunite bactrian camel were 2.8913, 0.6205 and 0.5602, respectively. The wool fineness of AB genotype of CMS36 locus was significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AC genotype at YWLL44 locus was significantly higher than that of BD, BE and CE genotype (P<0.05). The wool f...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3 
and Hamza Maris3
... hide worth, physical damage to the skin of animals and susceptibility to infestation of tick borne parasitic infections. Conventionally acaricides are used in the treatment of tick infestation in livestock but potentially satisfactory alternative technique is the immunological control against ticks infestation. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the effect of crude extract of hard ticks and its application as a vaccine against hard ticks of the ...
Ayman Balla Mustafa1, Abdalla Elgenaidi1, Aldukali Alkeskas1, Asim Faraz2,*, Ahmed Eisa Elhag3, Mohanad Bashari4 and Bernard Faye5
...GD). Both groups were managed together at the same environmental conditions under intensive system. Collection of milk samples started at second week postpartum and continued biweekly interval up to end of 4th month postpartum. The total fat, protein, lactose, solid non-fat (SNF) and density percentages were determined by automatic milk analyzer device (lactoscan Model-90, Europe). Results elucidated that there wa...
Liping Liu and Pengfei Liu*
...e: small;">Sex ratio and age composition are important parameters in population biology, related to life history and difference in mortality and behavior of male and female. Sexual dimorphism indicates divergence selective pressure between two sexes. We determined the sex and age through plumage coloration and measured 6 body measurements of each bird in 122 Brambling Fringilla montifringi...
Shuli Zhu, Yaqiu Liu, Weitao Chen, Xinhui Li and Yuefei Li*
...ts, castnets and shrimp cages in July and December 2018. The LWRs parameters a and b values for the four species varied 0.008861-0.02018 and 3.041-3.367. New maximum standard lengths for one species was presented in this paper. And the LWRs for two species: Bangana decora and Ptychidio longibarbus is reported for the first time. The result will be very helpful in fisheries management and species c...
Zhi-Ming Luo*, Xiao-Yan Wang, Jiong Yin, Ying-Kun Huang, Wen-Feng Li, Rong-Yue Zhang, Hong-Li Shan, Xiao-Yan Cang and Jie Li
...istance to borer pest damage in sugarcane varieties is key to sustainable crop protection and integrate pest management. Here, were assessed resistance to damage caused by two species of borer in seedlings of 12 new sugarcane varieties. The results showed that there were differences in resistance among the varieties, where varieties YT60, GT31, GT29, LC05-136, and YT55 were classified as s...
Yuzhou Luo1, Ping Wang1, Kaijun Yu2*, Song Luo3 and Longjie Sun4
...n this work, the sleep stages discrimination by breath sounds have been used as characteristic parameters for monitoring sleeping condition. Our objective was to determine and verify a high performance algorithm to correlate the sleep stages with respective stages of breath sound signals. The algorithm was designed for breath sound signals and was tested with several all-night days data ac...
...ts with COPD at stable stage were enrolled as research subjects. They were divided into the control group (n=100) given conventional treatment (bronchodilator, antioxidant, expectorant antitussive) and the research group (n=100) given pulmonary rehabilitation combined with tiotropium bromide treatment. The BODE indexes of two groups were compared and observed at 4 and 8 months of follow-up. After four months the research group showed significant improvement in...
Aqsa Shahid1, Saima Muzammil1, Farhan Rasheed2,Bilal Aslam1, Muhammad Akhtar Ali3, Syed Zohaib Haider4, Masroor Ellahi Babar4, Muhammad Saeed1, Umair Waqas1 and Mohsin Khurshid1,*
...to various antimicrobial agents including the aminoglycosides was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to aminoglycosides was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Moreover, the armA genes were studied by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The isolates showed a high rate of resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones whereas colistin and tigecycline were the most acti...

Fahima Khatun1, Abdullah-Al-Maruf2, Md. Mizanur Rahman2, Afroja Yasmin1, Mohammad Ali Zinnah3, Md. Aminul Islam4 and Mohammad Shah Alam5*

...s carried out with three age groups: calves (<1 year), young (1-3 years), and adult (>3 years) and three different consecutive seasons (winter, summer, and rainy) during the periods of January 2018 to December 2018. The highest incidence was found in infestation with Fasciola spp. (43.63%) followed by Toxocara spp. (35.75%) and Haemonchus spp. (7.87 %). The rainy season showed the highest degree of parasitic occurrence (45.55%) compared to summer (32.12%...
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1
...1.67%). Risk factor like age, lactation stage, parity number and unhygienic condition showed statistically significant association with the prevalence of mastitis in beetal goats. Antibiotics sensitivity profiles of investigated bacteria showed that these were most sensitive to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin.
...
Yuli Andriani1*, Rintan Octaviana Julia1, Lintang Permata Sari Yuliadi1, Iskandar Iskandar1 and 
Yaya Rukayadi2
... Swordtail fish, i.e average color 5 and a value of color 87.3. Supplementation of BPLM in feed does not significantly affect survival rate and water quality. These result indicated that usage of BPLM is safe as a sources of natural pigment for ornamental fishes, such as Swordtail fish.
...
Diana Rachmawati1*, Johannes Hutabarat1, Olga Anne2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3 and Tita Elfitasari1
... sampled fish has an average weight of 4.24 g ± 0.023 g per fish. Diet used in the study contained 45 % protein with the supplementation of various amounts of B. subtilis varying in (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5) % per kg of diet as A, B, C, D, E, and F treatment, respectively. The results show that B. subtilis supplementation in the diet significantly affected on protein digestibility (ADCP), the efficiency of diet utilization ...
Rosidah Rosidah1*, Angga Nugraha1, Yuli Andriani1, Kiki Haetami1, Olga Anne2 and Agus Heri Purnomo3
...mptoms which included damage to fish body, fish feeding response and fish response to shock which were analyzed descriptively comparatively. The results showed A. vera extract has the ability as an antibacterial with inhibition zone diameter reaching 20.49 mm at a concentration of 5 000 mg kg–1 and LC50 test 48 h (in vivo test) of 1 157.16 mg kg–1, so for the treatment of fish use concentrations below ...

Azra Nadeem1*, Shaukat Hussain2, Saeedullah2, Asma Akbar3, Zahoor Ahmad4, Maryam Tariq5, Robina Karim6 and Muhammad Huzaifa7

...rma viride as biocontrol agent in controlling black scurf was investigated under controlled conditions. Data were recorded for disease severity, incidence, tuber weight, number of tubers/plant, fresh root weight and plant height at the time of harvest of the crop. The biocontrol agent (T. viride) showed lowest disease incidence (53.73%) and severity (1.27) at 8% moisture level. There was a reduction of 43.33% and 63.29% over...
Ayu Suci Wulandari1, Siwi Indarti1,2*, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh3 and Nguyen Van Minh4
...four locations: Brebes, Magelang, Tegal and Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. Samples of soil, roots and tubers were collected. Soil abiotic factors are taken measurements such as pH, temperature, and organic matter. The altitudes are measured using the Geograpichal Positioning System (GPS). The results showed that there were five parasitic nematodes genera in garlic, that are Ditylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Ro...
Ahmad Wahyudi1*, Sujono Sujono2, Listiari Hendraningsih2, Ari Prima2, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile3 and 
Ivar Zekker4
...on (TMR) and also TMR silage on calves’ growth performance is yet to be elaborated. Therefore, the effect urea addition on TMR and its silage on performance of Friesian Holstein (FH) male calves were evaluated. The calves (n = 27; 5 mo to 7 mo, mo = month old) were divided into three groups, each group consisted of nine calves, based on age: 5 mo (100 kg to 105 kg), 6 mo (111 kg to 1...
Naveed Farah1*, Izhar Ahmad Khan1, Asif Ali Abro2, Jehanzeb Masood Cheema3 and Muhammad Luqman4*
...al analysis of Landsat imagery of land use was done through GIS and Remote Sensing for a time period of 2001-2016. The results of GIS analysis revealed that during the period 2001 to 2016, Faisalabad showed 24% increase in urban area and 23 % of this expansion consumed agricultural land. In Sahiwal, urban land has increased by 21 %, which encroached 13 % of agricultural land and 8 % bare land. Qualitative and quantitative data show that most of the farmers (82...

Rahmat Gul1*, Imran Khan1, Iftikhar Alam2, Zia Uddin1 and Zafar Iqbal3

...hinsp;= 12), beverages (n = 12), miscellaneous (n = 14), and functional foods (n = 7). The Food Frequency Questionnaire  list comprised 80 food items organized by food groups with eight categories of frequency of consumption. In conclusion, the Food Frequency Questionnaire   included the most relevant food items in Ramadan fasting month. Ramadan specific Food Frequency Questionnaire  has grea...

Usman Khalique*, Muhammad Zahid, Noor Fatima, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah

...ch causes significant damage to wheat production in Pakistan. The present study was conducted to evaluate 125 Pakistani wheat varieties under high aphid infestation period from February to March, 2020 at experimental area of Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar. Our study showed that seasonal mean population of aphid was found maximum on NIA Sarang (81.5 aphids per tiller) statistically higher than any other wheat variety while minimum m...

Reena Ambreen1, Sadaf Sarfraz1*, Fouzia Qamar2 and Shomaila Skinadar1 

...tergency. Surface active agents molecules tend to aggregate themselves into structures named as micelles. The formation of these micelles is accountable for the hydrophobic substances that are solubilized in surfactant-water system. The present review focuses to study the effect of various parameters like pH, temperature, additive effect, surfactant structure and its concentration on the solubilizing power of surfactant molecules resulting in the exclusion of ...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Khaliq Ur Rahman4 and Adila Bashir2
 
... planning solid waste management. In this context, this study aims to determine the organization’s role in record keeping and solid waste management in the Hayatabad Industrial Zone, Peshawar. To this end, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 105 industries and relevant government departments were interviewed. The solid waste generation rate for the operating industries was 125,481 kg/ day. Only 33% of the wast...

Muhammad Dawood1,2, Naeem Sarwar2, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3*, Faiz Hussain4, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Akram4, Hammad Husnain5, Muhammad Shahid5, Mussarrat Hussain6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...ple across the globe. Management considerations play an imperious role in the final yield and quality. The cultivars differed significantly in terms of growth and yield. Therefore, cultivars should be properly select in order to get good quality and better yield. Therefore, this study was planned to screen out best cultivars for their yield potential and quality under Faisalabad conditions. The experiment was comprised of eight wheat cultivars, i.e. Galaxy-201...

Muhammad Yaseen*, Muhammad Adnan, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Umer Mehmood

...uth involvement to encourage their participation in agriculture. Based on the facts regarding the population of rural youth, a sample of 450 respondents was selected using a multistage sampling technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to have descriptive statistics of data. The majority of youth respondents were taking part in agricultural activities like land pre...

Hasnain Raza1*, Maryam Maqsood2, Muhammad Muzamil Nazir1, Iqra Tariq1, Kaynat Ahmed1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Ali Raza2, Huda Bilal3, Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1, Attiq ur Rehman1, Awais Rasheed1 and Muhammad Zeshan Gulzar1

...luated against the advantages to food security and livelihoods. By irrigating treated wastewater, the danger of human exposure to heavy metal contamination can be considerably minimized. Innovative solutions to this universal problem are being provided through eco-technologies, such as constructed wetlands (CWs). CWs are among the most widely used natural water management options. CWs can be used for phytoremediation, which ...

Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3

...uggesting future pest management strategies for controlling Pest.
...
Aneela Hameed1, Faqir Muhammad Anjum2, Zia ur Rehman3, Saeed Akhtar1, Asim Faraz4*, Majid Hussain1 and Amir Ismail1
...ow. At three lactation stages, milk samples were collected from two groups of sixteen animals each under controlled atmosphere and feeding conditions. One group was subjected to intramuscular injection of oxytocin (20 IU) and other was kept as control. Significant variations were obtained in milk composition along with lactations stages. Decrease in fat, protein, lactose, solids not fat and total solids contents and increase...
Muhammad Mansha1*, Sidra Yaqub1, Asma Abdul Latif2, Muhammad Wasim3 and Peter C. Thomson4
... from 52 patients and 37 age-matched control women. The results of survey study showed that “premature termination of pregnancy” emerges as a potential risk factor of breast cancer. Number of pregnancies has significant association with premature termination of pregnancies (P = 6 × 10–11). The regression coefficient for number of pregnancies is 0.220 ± 0.029= 1....
Anwar Khan1, Fareeha Nosheen2,4, Bushra Tabassum2*, Olawale Samuel Adeyinka2, Khurram Shehzad3, Naila Shahid2, Arif Muhammad Khan4 and Idrees Ahmad Nasir2
...2 where knockdown percentages were only 20 and 73.04%, respectively as revealed by realtime PCR. Maximum knockdown values were obtained at 100 nM concentration of siRNA 1 and 2, while for siRNA 3 promising knockdown was obtained at 50 nM concentration. For long lasting effect of siRNAs, short hairpin RNA corresponding to siRNA3 was designed and tested against CP-PVX which resulted in a similar pattern of inhibition on RNA expression of target gene as synthetic...
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...hanges, necrosis haemorrhages, and sloughing off epithelial cells of broad folds of caeca, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the periportal area of the liver and mild depletion of lymphocyte in the bursa of Fabricius. The seven clades of avian Eimeria species strongly support that E. necatrix and E. tenella were closely associated and placed in the same sister clade with high bootstrap support (98%). Our two isolates RSI and RS...
Li Qiao1,2, Quan Zhang1, Shubao Geng1,2, Fangmei Zhang1,2, Junhua Chen1,2 and Shibao Guo1,2,*
... to the control. The average oviposition rate reduced 16.61%, 11.44%, 11.81% and 8.86% respectively with the supply of four wave lengths at night. Meanwhile, the pre-oviposition period and oviposition period were affected by the four illumination deals of wave lengths. The longevity of male and female adult was decreased, and the male adult was longer than that of female adult under each treatment of E. grisescens Warren. The eclosion rate of four deals...
Nagarathinam Arunkumar*, Jainullabudeen Gulsar Banu, Nagarajan Gopalakrishnan and Arkalgud Hiriyannaiah Prakash

 

...maximum mortality percentage against the mealybugs. The results of this study will be helpful in developing lipase-based microbial insecticides for the management of waxy cuticle-protected insect pests.
...

 Song Jiang1,2, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*

...as not the same. The average survival rates of P. monodon fed with different diets were significantly different (80.59% and 77.88%, respectively). The order of survival rate of different families in the different diet groups was not the same, either. There were significant differences(P<0.05) in production performance among families in different feed groups. The highest yield of families in Diet A group and Diet B group was 100% and 124.44% higher than that...
Azhar Abbas Khan*, Humaira Kanwal, Sumair Batool, Zeshan Hassan, Jawad Munawar Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Ahmad Nawaz, Hasan Taha and Yasir Ishfaq
...rs which cause severe damage to the cotton crop. In this two year study, the effectiveness of Commando plus®, Oshin®, Talstar®, Radiant®, Movento® and Maximal® was evaluated against Thrips tabaci, Amrasca biguttula and their impact on bio-control agents in Bt cotton. More reduction in T. tabaci was observed with Rad...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan, Gang Li, Caiyun Luo and Ying He
...sed temperature, the average fecundity, fecundity rate, and average adult longevity (of both the males and females), gradually decreased. Furthermore, with increased treatment times, at the same temperatures, the average fecundity, fecundity rate, and average adult longevity (of both the males and females), also gradually decreased.In conclusion, T. v...
Zheng Yan1,2,*, Shuang Liu2, Ai-Qing Liu2 and Hai-Yan Wang2
... elastin peptide on photoaged skin, BALB/C Nude mice were exposed to UVA+UVB for 16 weeks to establish the photoaging model. The concentrations of elastin peptide given to the low, medium, and high dose groups were 1.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/animal per day, respectively. Then, skin elasticity was measured using a cutimeter dual MPA 580. The concentraions of three type of collagens, hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline in skin tissue w...
Dilek Şahin1*, Meryem ÖZ2, Orhan Aral2, Mehmet Bahtiyar2 and Selda Taşçi2
...es. The fish with an average live weight of 2.55±0.08 g were selected randomly from a fish stock of 250 fish and were 13 fish were placed in each aquarium (15 L). The growth, survival and coloring parameters were determined at the end of 60th day of the study. The best growth parameters were recorded in the T9 group. The best weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversation ratio values occurred at 0.815 g, 0.462 % and 0.86, respective...
Ou-Mei Hao1*, Xue-Feng Wang1, Zhi-Jun Yue1, Chun-Hong Nan1,Yan Yu1,Tong Zhang2,Yu-Feng Liu3 and Xue Zhao1
... administered by oral gavage every day for five days.Pathological changes in lung tissue were determined by hematoxylin and eosin. The levels of cytokines in lung tissues were assessed by Immunohistochemistry staining and Quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR assays were performed to explore the effects of QZZKF on the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A), B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-13. The expression levels of B7-H3 and IL-13 wer...

Milkessa Wakjira, Fikiru Temesgen*, Chala Hailu and Dabesa Wegari

...ce of data. Three multistage sampling techniques was employ to select 372 MSE in six district towns of Western Shewa Zone by administering personal interview. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation were used to measure the association and growth probability of MSEs. The major problems finding in the study area were facing multiple issues such as increase in cost of...

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Philip Akintunde Fatodu1 and Toyin Benedict Ajibade2

...ecord keeping. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to select 178 youth farmers on whom a structured interview schedule was administered. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Multiple Regression Analysis. Results reveal that most of the respondents were male (73.6%), with mean age of 28 years and average of 12 years farming experience. Farmers’ level of ...

Syed Rashid Ali1*, Saad Uddin Khan1 and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa2

...d through the Moving Average Standard Deviation and time-series data from 1981 to 2018 collected from various sources. This study uses the Johansen Co-integration and Vector error correction model to assess the short run and long run association between the exchange rate variability and rice production in Pakistan. The results confirm that the appreciation in the exchange rate will adversely affect rice production in Pakistan. This negative and significant rel...

Malik Muhammad Shafi, Rabia Habib and Haidar Ali*

...tter household budget management technique to increase their savings.

...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza1, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2, Aftab Khan3, Hamdullah1 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

...t Swabi, using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data from rice growers. Through Cobb-Douglas type production function (CDPF) data was analyzed. Results indicated that 1 percent increase in labor hours and urea increased yield by 0.411% and 0.231%, respectively, at 0.01 level of α (p-value = 0.000). A percent increase in number of irrigation and tractor hours increased yield by 0.110% and 0....

Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja

...State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted to pick a sample of 120 farmers from whom data were elicited using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that the average age of respondents was 43 years; majority (85%) of respondents were males with 16 years’ experience in exotic chicken production;...

Hamida Bibi1*, Dave Rraffaelli2 and Muhammad Sharif1

...in the laboratory by Average Score Per Texon (ASPT) as well as water conductivity. For most sites the body mass distributions were skewed towards smaller body sizes with another apparent mode for large size class. Contrary Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) for body mass spectra revealed marked differences in modalities among the sites. The distributions of body masses in cleanest and polluted sites were inversely related with water quality while intermediate qual...

Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*,  Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3

...mall number of extension agents question old ways of providing valuable knowledge to farmers. The goal was to define the respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, classify the types of ICT tools adopted by the respondents and identify factors influencing the adoption of ICT in extension service delivery among the respondents. Primary data were obtained using multi-stage cluster sampling technique, using organized que...

Nazeer Ahmed Lashari1*, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh2, Aijaz Hussain Soomro2 and ShamsuddinTunio3

...ce change during the storage . The study aimed to determine the physical attributes and baking quality of two coarse (IR-6 and DR-82) and two aromatic (Basmati-385 and Lateefy) rice varieties grown in Pakistan along with their packaging effects and storage circumstances. Study was carried out at Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam at IFST, Pakistan. White rice was produced by dehulling the paddy through stake Sheller, the...

Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4

...oute, mode of action, dosage, calibration and application timing) but one factor that doesn’t get much attention is the quality of the water used to spray the product which may reflect in the success of spray operation. To know the influence of water quality on pesticide performance, this study was proposed to evaluate the water sources used for mixing the insecticides prior to application. For this purpose, two districts of lower Sindh province i.e., Hy...

Tajnees Pirzada1*, Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Mansoor Ali Kalhoro2, Mir Munsif Ali Talpur1, Waheed Ali Mirbahar1, Abdul Ghafar Solangi1, Zulfiquar Ali Jumani1 and Rehana Kerio1

...are as yet in earliest stages contrasted with clinical and mechanical areas. The effect of, zinc oxide nanoparticles and humic acid (HA) coated nanoparticles were evaluated for Brassica campestris seed germination. A simple one-pot method was used to synthesize HA/ZnO NPs involving zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) core (20-35 nm in diameter) and humic acid shell. HA/ZnO NPs were used to investigate the effect on the germination profile of Brassica campestris. Ge...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Sallam Shahzad2, Farhat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Luqman1, Usman Saleem3 and Shoaib Nasir4

...owal District. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for this study; firstly, one tehsil out of three tehsils i.e. Narowal, Shakargarh, and Zafarwal was selected, secondly, 6 union councils were selected, and then two villages from each union council and 10 farmers from each village were selected randomly. Thus, a total sample comprised of 120 rice growers. A well-structured interview ...

Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Md. Nazrul Islam1, Md. Haydar Ali1, Mahfuza Akther1 and Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*

... fibrosis and the percentage of fibrosis of fascioliasis was 10.6%. While 17.3% roughened and thick capsule with whitish or reddish discoloration throughout the capsule. Gross lesions of fascioliasis found in the liver were increase in the size of the organ were 14.6%. The infected bile ducts were also filled with blackish brown exudates giving the pipe stem appearance of the liver was noticed 13.3%. In histopathological study of acute Fascioliasis, there was ...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...ts (1 – 7 years in age) of Pakistan. In order to test the performance of candidate methods, various evaluation measures such as the mean absolute error, root mean squared error, mean absolute percentage error, coefficient of determination and the correlation between the actual and predicted body weights were calculated. A 10-fold cross validation was used on the training dataset for tuning the hyperparameters of the mo...
Muhammad Zohaib1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari1*, Bushra Allah Rakha2* and Ali Akhter2
...ds (27%). Highest percentage of successful nests was found on forks (48%) while nests on middle, terminal and other positions of plants were recorded as 17%, 10% and 25%, respectively. The preferred height for nest construction was recorded 1-2m (58%) followed by 2-3m (17%), 0-1m (16%), 3-4m (7%) and 4-5m (1%). The bulbul prefers to make nests on northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis; 32%) followed by guava (Psidium guajava; 19%), mango (Ma...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed1*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar2 and 

Muhammad Usman Ahmad2 

...9 mV of open circuit voltage. The results showed that NaCl, at its optimum level, plays an important role in increasing the bioelectricity and sustaining the internal resistivity. Six different pH parameters were subjected to check the effectiveness of the treatment on the power production. The maximum power production achieved at pH 4.5 i.e. 70.5 W/m2 of power density at external load of 200 Ω. Which reveals that if the pH difference between ...

Salma Javed1* and Daniyal Siddiq2

...tory conditions second-stage juveniles (J2) mortality was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation in concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 or 1%. Maximum mortality was achieved with ethanol extracts followed by aqueous and methanol extracts. In the greenhouse, leaf extracts at 60 days after inoculation produced reduction in root galling, egg masses, and nematode populations in plants in treated containers compared to untreated plants (control) with values increasin...

Asma Hanif* and Shahnaz Dawar

... in killing the second stage of juveniles. Other homeopathic drugs used in the experiment showed no significant nematicidal effect against M. incognita. Kent-20 and Santonine-43 at three different concentrations of 50, 100 and 75% was highly effective when used as seed treatment of okra, sunflower, mung bean and mash beans followed by drenching the soil with these concentrations of both homeopathic drugs separately, also resulted in increasing the weight and h...

Mohammed Abdel-Mageed Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Mageed1, Eman Alsayed Hammad2*, Nashaat Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud1 and Anas Farag El-Mesalamy1

...ract had the best percentage of mortality and inhibition of egg hatching compared to the acetonic and methanolic extracts. Whereas, aqueous extracts of deadly nightshade, winter cherry and chili pepper at concentration 500 ppm applied to the plants as foliar sprays alone, foliar sprays with chelates and soil drenches were tested against root-knot nematode M. javanica infecting tomato plants cv. Strain-B under greenhouse conditions. Almost tested materials have...

Christopher Oche Eche1*, Juliana Iye Oluwatayo1, Demben Moses Esang2, Paul Madina2 and Alexander Uloko1

...n the integrated pest management program for beniseed production in Makurdi.

...

Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,2, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,3*, Abdiaziz Ahmed Mohamud1,3, Kassim Abdullahi Jimale1,2 and Said Ali Ibrahim2

...uate knowledge of the management of working donkeys in Somalia. Both di­rect observational (animal-based) and indirect (owner-based) interviews were used to collect the data. A total of 350 randomly selected working donkeys were examined and 350 donkey owners were interviewed. Of these 56.9%, 24.3%, 18.9%, 79.7%, 65.4%, and 38.3%, 8.9% of donkeys were suffering from behavioral problems such as depression, digestive problems, respiratory problems, improper ...

Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2 and Durri Shahwar3

...ys), high rooting percentage (77.47%), maximum number of roots (6.38) per layering, root length (7.03 cm), root weight (2.62 g) and more number of re-sprouts (5.57), followed by number of days to root appearance (38.80), rooting percentage (65.73%), number of roots (5.69) and root length (6.14 cm) produced by the saplings of cultivar Frontoio. The layering treated with 2000 ppm IBA solution took less days to root appearance ...

Muhammad Junaid Yousaf 1, Farhad Ali2*and Fawad Ali2

...L), and Electrolytic leakage (EL) were measured, the seedlings showed adaptation to the salt stress at the expense of growth rate as high seedling death occurred at 1.2% and 2% treated pots. However, the high growth observed in control pots had low chlorophyll content and high electrolytic leakage, similar to the plants aerially treated with 2% NaCl while plants treated with 0.2%. 0.6% and 1.2% salt concentrations had high c...

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Mahboob Ali Sial1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Shumaila Sial2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan1

...system and agronomic package of technology. Surhan-2012 is a first canola mutant variety developed through the induced mutagenesis (gamma irradiations), released for general cultivation practices in the province of Sindh.
...
Jia Liu1, Zhen Wang1, Zifan Ning1, Ali Mujtaba Shah2,3,Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Huadong Yin1, Zhichao Zhang1, Lu Zhang1, Yaofu Tian1, Diyan Li1,Gang Shu2,4, Lin Ye1 and Xiaoling Zhao1,*
...d by chicken population, age, and muscle-type. It was the heaviest in PM for FG on d 28, compared with other combinations. The expression of Pax7 mRNA paralleled changed in myofiber density, whereas the expression profiles of MyoG and MyoD were similar to the developmental changes in myofiber diameter. Overall, body weight and muscle expansion of SG chickens were less than FG chickens. MyoG was the possible gene controlling myofiber...
Seung-Yun Baek1 and Seong-Min Lee2*
...ess for effective WVC management. Roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) is the most prevalent wildlife species in WVCs on Jeju Island, South Korea. This study analyzed individual temporal patterns and spatial hotspots (clusters) based on roe deer–vehicle collisions (RDVC) on Jeju Island from 2014 to 2017. RDVCs occur frequently from July to October, and RDVCs are higher in male deer than with females in all seasons, except in winter. The clusters in the h...

Mohamed S. Khalil

...s, as well as biological agents are the most utilized tools to manage the root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Environmental and health defects were notice with using synthetic nematicides. Thus, in this work an attempt was conducted to provide alternative approach could be listed in control measures of RKNs. Two pot experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of the milbemectin on galls and egg masses formation of M. javanica ...
Zhi-Peng Li, Laiba Shafique, Saif ur Rehman, Kui-Qing Cui, Xiao-Can Lei, Xing-Rong Lu, De-Shun Shi* and Qing-You Liu*
...rimary to preovulatory stages. The further immunofluorescence results showed that Gas6 was expressed thoughout the in vitro matured porcine oocytes, and the staining signal decreased in the first 12 h but then increased during the process of oocyte maturation. QRT-PCR analysis revealed that Gas6 mRNA was continuously expressed during the process of oocyte maturation, disappeared after parthenogenetic activation, re-appeared and elevated in...
Luis Daniel Jiménez Martínez1, Vicente Morales Garcia2Carlos Alfonso Frias Quintana3, Alejandra del Carmen Castillo Collado1, Gloria Gertrudys Asencio Alcudia4, Carina Shianya Alvarez Villagomez4, Emyr Saul Peña Marín4,5, Bartolo Concha Frias1 and 
Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-Gonzalez4
...different populations, stages of development, metabolism, among other conditions. This study analyzed the stability and normalization of six commonly used reference genes such as alpha elongation factor (ef1-α), beta-actin (actb), 18S ribosomal RNA (18s rrna), beta-2-microglobulin (b2m), tubulin alpha (α-tub) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) in the different tissues of the intestine, mus...
Rajesh Kumar Oad1, Nasir Rajput1, Imdad Hussain laghari1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Muhammad Azhar Memon2, Abdul Sattar Baloch5, Qudratullah Kalwar3,  Mashhood Ahmed1, Zubair Ahmed Soomro2 and Waseem Ali Vistro4*
...s indicated that the average value for RBCs were enhanced (2.89 million/mm3) in group D, WBC (24.78 1000/mm3) in group C, PCV in group A (31.63 %) and serum cholesterol in group F (83.07 mg/100ml). Above findings suggest that 0.75% lysine in broiler ration is better for growth, as well as to achieve maximum net return of the farmers.
...
Manar M. Farouk1*, Amal El-Molla1, Fayez A. Salib1 and Yousef A. Soliman2
...d to: 1) Identify the management factors associated with the occurrence of salmonellosis in some diarrheic sheep and goats belonging to mixed reared flocks in Giza governorate, Egypt, 2) Investigate the presence of enterotoxin(stn) gene in the recovered Salmonella spp. strains, and 3) Build a phylogenetic tree for the partial codon sequence of stn gene of some recovered strains in order to provide a scientific basis for the implementation ...
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...sult is important for management of crow-man contact to safeguard the public health of rural and urban dwellers in the study area.
...
Vishal Ambidi 1,3, Sanjeev Bantewad2, Suraj Prasad Mishra1, Anupama Hingane1 and Jagdish Jaba1*
...tion with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Among the biochemical factors protein, sugar content in pigeonpea seeds exhibited significant positive correlation with correlation coffecient (r) being (0.710**, 0.843**), respectively with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Whereas, total phenols, tannins, total flavonoids present in seeds showed significant negative correlation with correlation coffecient (r) being ...
Wei Luo 1,2,3, Yongtao Jin 1,2,3, Xuqing Li 1,2,3 and Ke Liu 1,2,3*
...rbivores in the aerial images are detected and located using deep learning model of the MASK R-convolutional neural network (CNN), and the average recall, correct, and leakage are 89%, 98.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the contour vector of the herbivores is obtained by extracting the mask generated in the detection of the MASK R-CNN, following which the information of both the ...
Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Mahjabeen Akram2 and Yasir Sharif3*
...V-2). Once SARS-CoV-2 manages to enter the body, it identifies and binds to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors through the binding receptor of Spike Protein (S-protein). The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals as potential inhibitors of the binding domain of S protein so that the binding of COVID-19 with ACE2 receptors could be restrained. For this purpose, the library of 2113 phytochemicals was docked against the binding do...
Sohail Anjum1, Awais Ahmad1, Farzana Bibi1 and Hazrat Ali2*
...here food supply and garbage are found in abundance. Their intelligence is also acknowledged duly. They are also obligate to human presence. We can assume that “where there is human, there is house crow essentially”. The present article documents the ecology of this bird in Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The house crow population has reached a considerable size in the study area. The species has colonized both rural and urban areas and ha...

Muhammad Usman Asif*, Raza Muhammad, Waseem Akbar, Mubasshir Sohail, Muhammad Awais and Javed Asgher Tariq

... the study allow pest managers to focus treatment during the time of year when moths are most abundant.

 

...

Amina, Muhammad Zahid Rashid and Amina Rashid

...es of 18.66% at cold storage (11°C) respectively as compared to control where weight losses were 34.50% at cold storage respectively. Treated fruits were firmer (41.67 N) after 15 days storage period as compared to control. Fruit chilling injury percentage was also minimum at cold storage (12.67%) in fruits coated ...

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Asif Ali Abro3

...35.5% and raises the average number of milking animals 39.74%. The elasticity of milking animals (0.72%) and agricultural credit (0.139%) is relatively more comparative to education level (0.113%) and family size (0.076 %). In the scenario of findings of the study, it is suggested that policymakers and concerned institutional authorities focus priority to infusion and easy access of credit in formulating easy credit procedures for specifically subsistence farm...

Mubeen Zahra1,2, Muhammad Nawaz3, Muhammad Umer Chattha4, Imran Khan4, Muhammad Bilal Chattha5*, Muhammad Ashraf Bhatti6, Abdul Rehman4, Faryal Ahmed4, Faran Muhammad4, Mina Kharal7 and Muhammad Umair Hassan4

...food production and shortage of water at any stage of plant life can be damaging for growth, physiological processes and yield. Thus, present study was executed to determine the impact of drought on growth and yield of different wheat cultivars. The study was comprised of early drought treatment such as I0 (control), I1 (fist irrigation 30 days after sowing), I2 (first irrigation 45 days after sowing) and I3 (first irrigatio...

Bibek Aryal, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

...alteration in the assemblage of biological diversity. Bird diversity serves as a good ecological indicator; hence, this study examined the effects of urbanization on bird species richness and diversity in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, one of the rapidly expanding cities in the central lowland Nepal. Bird surveys were conducted during the winter and post-monsoon seasons of 2020 along eight transects each of 2 km length by positioning the point count stations at...

Muhammad Usman Hanif, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah

...est and causes severe damage to various cucurbitaceous and solanaceous vegetables. This laboratory work was aimed to determine the comparative toxicity of three differential-chemistry insecticides (i.e. emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, spinosad 240 EC and lufenuron 50 EC) and the aqueous extracts of three local plant species (i.e. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Citrus limon L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss) against the grubs and adults of E. vigintioctopunctata. T...

Ayesha Khan1*, Asmatullah2, Urooba Perviaz1, Khalid Nawab1 and Mahmood Iqbal1

...rmenter on fertilizers usage and irrigation of selected crops. Organic farming is the dire need of the day; to overcome the excessive use of chemical fertilizers alternative methods are adopted to decrease use of fertilizers. One of the techniques for organic farming is EM-Technology. EM-Technology is used in addition with animal manure and other organic wastes effectively in agriculture. The universe of the study was Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. T...

Atef El-Sagheer1*, Anas El-Mesalamy1, Abdel-Monem Anany2 and Nashaat Mahmoud1

... on hatching of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica were estimated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results revealed that all the tested culture filtrates caused significant reduction in number of J2 in all treatments, compared to the non-inoculated control, where the hatching inhibition and mortality percentages increased with an increase in exposure time. At 24 hours, increased the mean number of J2...

Sonam Khatri1, Shaheen Faizi2, Shahina Fayyaz1 and Erum Iqbal1*

...iological and pesticidal agent useful for the treatment of various medicinal ailments as well as reducing different pests that are harmful for the crop yield and emphasize the need to utilize the useful effect of this plant against nematodes. Phytochemistry of the C. colocynthis and the secondary metabolites isolated from the plant i.e. alcohols, esters, fatty acids terpenes, flavonoids and steroids are assembled in this article which further provide a basis f...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...ically applied in the management of nematode pests of sugarcane, while safe guarding the environment from pollution.

...

Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2  and Tilahun Bekele3

...sed by 41.8% as the coverage of land for tea becomes increased by 53.6%. Lack of skill and knowledge (79.2%), lack of training and extension service 90.3%), low productivity (88.1%), the occurrence of pest and disease (80.7%), climate change (80.7%), weak market linkage (88.1%), monopoly market (69.2%, output price fluctuation (88.9%), and lack of centralized processing facilities (80.7%) were the key restraints on tea out-g...
Misbah Sarwar1*, Abdul Hamid2 and Iftikhar Hussain2
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...eam of DHS (Health) envisaged that the load of disease followed by precise micro plan/ mapping that details out distribution of disease, vector (pre-adult and adult stage), as well as sectors vulnerable for dengue be earmarked for timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years data reflect the load of disease through these in...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...eam of DHS (Health) envisaged that the load of disease followed by precise micro plan/ mapping that details out distribution of disease, vector (pre-adult and adult stage), as well as sectors vulnerable for dengue be earmarked for timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years data reflect the load of disease through these in...
Hailong Dong1, Fubin Gan2, Khalid Mehmood3, Jiang-Yong Zeng4, Rao Zahid Abbas5, Mushtaq Ahmad Gondal6, Zhenyu Chang1 and Qingxia Wu1*
...rom 20.75% to 48.8% with age of yaks, with the further distribution of 20.75%, 30.23%, 39.55%, 37.70% and 48.8% for age groups: <0.5 year, 0.5-1 year, >1-2 year, >2-4 years and >4 years, respectively. The prevalence in the male and female yaks was 32.51% and 39.05%, respectively. The physical examination showed a poor body condition with emaciation, weakness, loss of appetite, anemia, jaundice, and abdominal edem...
Shabana Naz1*, Nishat Ali Khan1, Arnab Tanweer1, Shifa Moazzam1, Qudrat Ullah2, Farkhanda Asad1, Irfan Khattak3, Sajida Batool4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5

Nawab Khan1, Ram L. Ray2, Muhammad Ihtisham3*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui4*, Muhammad Khayyam5, Raheel Anjum6 and Simplice A. Asongu7

...selected through multi-stage-random sampling from two tehsils (Sinjawi and Ziarat) of district Ziarat. Data were collected with the help of a pre-tested interview schedule. The association of some chosen socioeconomic characteristics like age, education, and size of landholding of the farmers with their awareness and adoption level was measured through the chi-squire (χ2) test. The research outcomes showed that 49.2% of ...

Syeda Shazia Bokhari, Aisha Waheed Qurashi*, Roheela Yasmeen*, Fouzia Yasmeen, Nabeela Nayab, Uzma Rafi

...on assay. Highest percentage hydrophobicity values of the strain EPF1 were recorded with toluene (84 %) as compared to other organic solvents such as chloroform (58 %) and xylene (63%). Auto-aggregation response of E. auranticum EPF1 was highest at fifth hour of culture incubation. Qualitative analysis of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in congo red supplemented Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar medium showed positive results and EPS contents showed higher carbohydrate...

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi

...rfect biological control agents against many insect pests all around the world. In this regard, to collect data about entomopathogenic nematodes regarding their presence and distribution in remote areas such as one of the southern district Lakki Marwat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Extensive surveys carried out in the months of October 2019 to February 2020. Total 73 soil samples retrieved from multiple fruits, vegetables, ornamental flowers, medicinal plant...
Funda Turan1*, Ihsan Akyurt2 and Sehriban Cek-Yalniz1
...r extract revealed no damage to the testes or ovaries. Therefore, this study suggested that red clover extract are effective in feminization of African catfish.
...

Adel M. Abdelrahman1, Sahar R. Mohamed1, Soliman M. Soliman2, Sherif Marouf3* 

... were detected in percentages of 64.7%, 47.0 % and 29.4%, respectively. Finally, ESBL P. aeruginosa showing multidrug antimicrobial resistance that detected by mexR gene.

Keywords | Camels, P. aeruginosa, ESBL, Antibiotic resistance, Virulence genes 

...

Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4* 

...e to identify the causal agents of SCM and udder lesions. The overall prevalence of SCM and udder lesions were 56.8% and 32.1%, respectively. Most of the farms under study were small scale (94%) except a few were medium-scale (6%). Very few farms used quarantine and isolation shed (6%) for the disease affected cows. Among the risk factors identified; type of farm, floor type, quarantine facility, isolation shed used, adequate drainage<...
Teuku Fadlon Haser1*, Muh. Saleh Nurdin2, Eddy Supriyono3, Deni Radona4, Fauziah Azmi1 , Kukuh Nirmala3, Widanarni3, Tri Heru Prihadi4, Tatag Budiardi3 and Riris Yuli Valentine5
...formulating policy to manage and conserve mahseer in Atu Suasah and Lawe Melang Rivers, Aceh, Indonesia. This research aimed to analyse and compare of mahseer biology including sex ratio, length and weight relationship, Fulton and relative condition factor and fecundity to estimate the reproductive potential of mahseer in these two rivers. The study was conducted from July to December 2019. Mahseer samples were obtained from fishermen who captured the fish usi...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Misbah Rizwan2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Muhammad Sabar1, Muddassar Ali1 and Muhammad Yasir Ali4
...nate practice for the management of this pest. Pest damage may be reduced through the proper management of nutrients requirements and modifications with mineral nutrients such as Silicon (Si). In this experiment, Si amendments, at the rate of 1.25 and 2.50 g Sikg-1 soil were applied under controlled conditions to investigate the resistance impact on developmental st

Khlood G. Abdelkhalek*, Aly B. A. Badawy, Mohamed Fathi, Elshymaa A. Abdelnaby 

... Doppler examinations, image analysis, and blood sampling were performed on a weekly basis. Results showed that FSH level was elevated (P<0.05) firstly from 5-months to 6.5-months-old, and then a second elevation was reported at 9.5-months-old, both E2 and NOMs levels were increased significantly (P<0.05) from 8-months to 10-months-old. Testosterone level showed a significant (P<0.05) increase from 8.5-months to 10-months-old, while LH level was eleva...

Mohammed Naji Ahmed Odhah1,2*, Dhary Alewy Almashhadany6, Abdullah Garallah Otaifah7, Bashiru Garba5, Najeeb Mohammed Salah2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse4*, Mohd Azam Khan G.K3 

...lance system and good management practice of animals is needed in order to limit the impact of the disease among food animals and prevent human transmission.

Keywords | Cysticercosis; Parasitic Zoonoses; Neglected Tropical Disease; Food Animals; Dhamar Province; Yemen. 

...

Eman H. Mahrous1, Mohamed. W. Abd Al -Azeem2, Faisal A. Wasel1, Waleed Younis2* 

... 3, and 12 with a percentage of 20%, 10%, and 10% respectively, while other isolates were untypable. All the recovered isolates were further subjected to multiplex PCR screening of some common virulence genes and revealed the presence of pfhA, hgbB, tbpA, toxA, sodA, ptfA, sodC, nanB, and oma87 with percentages of 30%, 60%, 10%, 100%, 70%, 90%, 90%, 90%, and 100% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of the recovere...

Nguyenthuy Linh1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

... 8 weeks and 10 weeks of age, the appropriate diets contained 1.2% lysine and 12.97 MJ ME/kg DM, and 1.1% lysine and 13.81 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively.

Keywords | Amino acid, Digestibility, Local Muscovy duck, Lysine, Metabolizable energy 

...
Amr N. El-Shahat1, Refaat G. Hamza1,*, Ashraf M. Mounir1 and Madeha N. Al-Seeni2
...hemical and oxidative damage in rats when compared to control group. In GFJ (10ml/Kg B Wt. /day) treated irradiated group, there were noticeable decreases recorded in lipid contents, concentration of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid, glucose level, activity of some liver enzymes and liver and kidney TBARS levels with remarkable increases in level of HDL-C, insulin and showing elevation in GSH level and SOD and CAT
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz R. Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2*
...n from birth to weaning, age at first calving and body weight after first calving. The frequency of alleles of the analysed loci was: T =0.2887 and G =0.7913 (IVS4-39G>T), A =0.1087 and G =0.8913 (IVS5+438G>A) and A = 0.2913 and G =0.7087 (c.1178G>A). For each of the studied polymorphic sites, homozygotes (-,-) were found least frequently. The results showed rela...
Nabila Rasheed1*, Bushra Waseem1, Kanwal Haneef2, Shumaila Usman3, Madeeha Sadiq1, Tabinda Urooj1, Sarah Tarique2 and Dabeeran Zeha4
...he potential therapeutic agents for regeneration and are a valuable source for stem cell banking. Current investigation shows metabolic disorders are not only responsible for genetic problems and certain disease risk factors in adult life but also have adverse effects on perinatal environment. This study was designed for the comparative analysis of viability and healing properties of GDM affected WJMSCs (GDM-WJMSCs) with Normal controls (N- WJMSCs). Mesenchyma...
Jhan Zeb1*, Saiqa Tufail1, Nausheen Saboohi1, Zafar Samuel2, Asher Azeem3, Yaseen Amir4 and Sehrish Akram5
..."letter-spacing: 0.7px;">age wet weights, fork and total lengths of 4.79±0.04g, 66.63±0.04mm and 74.67±0.04mm, respectively due to 9.5/30% lipid/protein diet (D4). None of the dietary lipid/protein levels in pelleted diet had a significant impact on either the condition or the survival of fish. Significantly higher (p<0.05) specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) for L. rohita was also due to 9.5/30%...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Nasir Ali Tauqir2 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel3
... kept under intensive management system by feeding two different dietary regimes. The study was carried out at Camel Breeding and Research Station, Rakh Mahni Tahsil Mankera District Bhakkar Punjab, Pakistan. Twelve male calves around one year of age were raised in stall-fed conditions by feeding two different diets. In roughage proportion lucerne and gram straw were fed. Daily feeding all...
Muhammad Anwarullah1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Usman1*,Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1Muhammad Husnain1,Ahsan Anjum3, Qurratulain Ashraf4 and Ghulam Mustafa3

...und that positive percentage of MAP was 2.20 times more in buffaloes than in cattle; 21.19 times more in females than in males; 1.04 times more in adult animals having age >6 years; and 1.20 times more in dry animals compared to milking animals. Furthermore, body condition score (BCS), type of housing, and condition of drinking water were also found to have significant (p<0.05) effect on the occurrence of MAP in cattle...

Vladimir Safonov 

...Black-Motley cows at the age, corresponding to 2 to 3 lactations, with mean or great live market quality and a weight of 500 to 650 kg. The content of microelements, malonic dialdehyde, enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system in the blood was investigated. Biochemical analysis of the blood was also performed to estimate the functional state of the cow’s organism. In animals from the selenium-deficient region, the microele...

Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9 

...t of 2 types of the ensilage process and 3 levels of tannin addition treatments. The experiment was arranged following a 2×3 factorial design with four replications. Degradability parameters were measured at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation time. Results showed that adding either CT or HT on soy sauce residue did not affect the degradation kinetics as represented by the values of the soluble fraction (a), degradation rate (c), and effective degra...
Noor Bad Shah Khattak1, Hamayun Khan1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio2, Shakoor Ahmad1, Nazir Ahmad3, Syed Murtaza Hassan Andrabi4, Obaidullah5, Ihsan Ali1,5,* and Nan-Zhu Fang5,*
... studied were the percentage of motility, survivability, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity of frozen buffalo bull sperms. The antioxidative effect of GT was observed at the comparatively lower concentration (0.1-1.5%) on the post-thawed quality indicators. On the other hand, the hight GT concentration (1.5%) significantly decreased the quality indicators of spermatozoa. Green tea extract enhanced the spermatozoa survivability, integrity of acros...
Xiaoyun He1, Yongfu La2, Jinxin Wang1, Ran Di1, Qiuyue Liu1, Xiangyu Wang1, Wenping Hu1 and Mingxing Chu1*

...n oviduct during every stage of estrous cycle (P<0.05) between Small Tail Han (STH) sheep and Tan (T) sheep. There were significant differences in genotype distribution between STH sheep and T sheep at T1235C and AG2357-2358 CT sites (P<0.01). The results of haplotypes analysis indicated that H2, H7 were preponderant haplotype in high prolificacy sheep breed. The litter size of TT genotype was significantly higher than that in CC genotype a...

Tilahun Woretaw1, Netsanet Beyero2*, Yonatan Kassu3 

...ebeles based on the coverage of P. schimperiana. A total of 100 respondents, 58 from three high land peasant associations and 42 from two midland peasant associations, were purposely selected for an interview who had at least one livestock. Secondary data sources, field observation, and semi-structured questionnaire interviews were employed to generate data. The descriptive data were analyzed by percentages, means, and stand...
Muhammad Taqi1, Shazia Erum2, Shamaila Rasheed2, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2*
...of 2,4-D. Maximum percentage of shooting (81.67%) with the maximum mean value for number of shoots (7.56) and shoot length (7.07) occurred when the fresh shoot tip of C. tuberculata were planted on to MS salts containing 2 mg/L of BAP, 0.5 mg/L of NAA and 0.25 mg/L of Kin. The new shoots were then inoculated on 1/2 strength MS salts fortified with NAA and IBA root induction. The highest rooting percentage (61.67%), as well a...
Hongbin Li1,2, Lei Fang1, 3 and Lei Cao1,2*
...xclusively on natural forage land, and followed GWI northwards, finally overtaking GWI to arrive at the breeding sites in advance of these dates. These data show that satellite-derived GWI are generally poor predictors of the arrival dates of spring migrating eastern tundra bean geese, but that deviations related to differential habitat use along the flyway and the need to arrive on the breeding areas ahead of snowmelt to coincide subsequent hatching of goslin...

Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Luqman3, Muhammad Qasim1, Gulfam Yousaf1, Hamza Latif1 and Muhammad Zeeshan1

...ed in the biorational management of these insect pests.
...

Sanjeela Sabahat1*, Juliya Abbasi2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Saima Mumtaz1, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Sudheer Tariq1 and Muhammad Imran1

...ith hailstorms causes damage at the fruit initiation stage. Moreover, the rainfall also lead to the leaching down of the essential micronutrients in strawberry farms. In this study we have tested the foliar application of four micronutrients, iron, zinc, copper and boron, at different concentrations under tunnel conditions on strawberry cv. Chandler at Horticultural Research Institute (HRI), National Agricultural Research Ce...

Aftab Ahmad Sheikh1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Belqees Akhter1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Hafeezullah Rafa1, Abdul Wakeel1, Abdul Manan Saeed2

...ation growth rates, shortage of fresh water, and threat of climatic change are major constrains for expansion of irrigated agriculture in the country. In this scenario, use of underground saline water for crop production with acceptable economic yield is a viable management strategy. Therefore, a lysimeter study was conducted to evaluate the effects of saline water on quality and quantity of forage

Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Chinelo Charity Eze1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Damian Ejike Agbo1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*

...ic action of a bacteriophage specific to Pseudomonas sp. Both Pseudomonas spp. and bacteriophages were isolated from residential wastewaters. The isolated Pseudomonas spp. were confirmed through biochemical tests. Antibiogram was done with nine (9) different antibiotics, including;aztreonam (ATM), chloramphenicol (CPL), gentamicin (GTN), tetracycline (TTE), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (A...

Vahid Mollasadeghi1,2* and Samaneh Elyasi1,2

...n order to reduce the damage caused by Virus Y in potato. Pathogen-free seedlings of potatoes were propagated and grown and then transferred to sterile plastic pots with suitable soil. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was performed in three replications. Pars Humic treatment (Ammonium Humate) was treated with control concentrations (zero), 1, 2 and 3 per thousand. PVY-activated tobacco leaf extract was used to infect the potato plant. This paper mea...

Wassan Mhammed Husain1*, Zainab Sattar Ali2 

...rt ® every day by gavage. G3: twice a week, they were given 500 mg/kg B.W. of CCL4 mixed with an equivalent volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg B.W.). G4: were treated twice a week with 500 mg/kg BW of CCL4 mixed with an equivalent amount of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg BW) and gavaged with (0.035 mg/kg BW) of Phitofert ® daily. In the tenth and twenty-eighth of the experiment, blood samples were taken by heart puncture for serum...
Nacira Djabali1*, Souad Dougat2, Wahida Haddadi2 and Lamis Fadhli2
...ism and severe tissue damage, especially in group treated with 150ppm dose.
...

Zahoor Hussain1,2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Mustansar Mubeen3, Muhammad Zia Saleem3, Muhammad Umer Naseer3, Muhammad Luqman4, Raheel Anwar5, Faheem Khadija6 and Aqleem Abbas7

...now mandarin. Various management practices have been adopted to mitigate this disease. However, this disease can only be effectively minimized by the application of micronutrients which play an essential role in increasing the vigour of citrus against the disease. In the present study, typical symptoms of citrus greening, such as mottled leaves, were observed on the infected trees. The infected fruits were undeveloped and partially or entirely failed in attain...
Stefan Pratama Chandra1, Yoanes Maria Vianney1, Theresia Liliani Christie2, Merlyn Wongso2, Melisa Widjaja2, Deok-Chun Yang3, Se Chan Kang4, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum5,6 and Johan Sukweenadhi1*
...Indonesia. The initial stage of the mass production focused on optimizing the culture conditions: inoculum weight (100 g, 150 g, 200 g), medium volume (12 L, 13 L, 14 L), medium formulation (“A”, “B”), and incubation temperature (15 °C to 20 °C and 21°C to 25 °C). Based on the biomass yield and ginsenosides content, it was concluded that the optimum growth condition was 150 g of the initial inoculum grown in 13 L of medi...
Ardi Prasetio1*, Christina Maria Sri Lestari2, Sutaryo Sutaryo2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4Muhammad Zahoor5, Asma Nisar6 and Muhannad Illayan Massadeh7
...ation, has some disadvantages. Protein value in Black Soldier Fly Larvae -BSFL (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus, 1758) is equal to SBM and better in the amino acid profile. However, the chitin contained in BSLF may cause subclinical inflammation by blood parameter detection. Thus, this study investigated the BSLF substitution effect on rabbit blood traits. This study was performed using 28 wk old weaned male New Zealand White rabbits (1300 g ± 130 g) ...

Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Umbreen Shahzad2, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sami Ullah2, Muhammad Arshad Farooq2, Muhammad Kashan2 and Shitab Khan2

...gn: justify;">Water shortage is becoming a serious concern for all crops and particularly for cotton, which has been a major export contributor of Pakistan. In this scenario, reduced tillage could be the best option. A field experiment was conducted during 2019 to study the impact of two tillage systems [reduced (10 cm depth, one tiller followed by rotavator) and conventional (20 cm depth,...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

...ean±SD) months of age with an average live weight of 262±20.5 kg (Mean±SD) was allocated in a 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments were 47, 51, 55 and 59% NDF in diets corresponding to NDF47, NDF51, NDF55 and NDF59 treatments following the previous findings of the in vitro experiment. Each experimental period was two weeks including one week for adaptation and another one for sampling. The results sho...

Qurban Ali1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Asad Aslam1*, Muhammad Shehzad2, Muhammad Jamal2, Humaira Malik1, Imran Nadeem1, Aqsa Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Kanwal Hanif1

... ability of insect to demage and to cause minimum reduction in yield. The experiment was conducted under natural and semi-natural conditions to determine the host plant resistance of nine (09) chick pea advance genotypes viz., (K01211, K01216, K01241, K01242, K09012, KO1308, K014001, K014002, K-14003) and one (1) control (Noor). Antixenosis was calculated by counting the number of eggs per stem and antibioses was assessed by counting the number of infested lea...
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*

...tors such as fimbriae, flagella, enterotoxin, adhesin and hemolysin under the influence of the AHLs. The results showed that under the influence of quorum sensing AHLs, the biofilm formation ability and adherence ability of ETEC were significantly reduced, and the expression of fliC and other major virulence factors were regulated. AHL signaling molecules can regulate virulence related characteristics of F4ac+ ETEC.
...

Abbas M. Al-Azab1*, Ahmed A. Zaituon2, Khalid M. Al-Ghamdi3, Fahd M. Abd Al Galil4,5 

...ng adults and immature stages in five residential areas in Jeddah. A total of 796 adults of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected. Out of these, 373 males (46.8 %) and, 423 females (53.2%). Out of 950 collected immature stages, 83.41% larvae and 16.6% were pupae. The obtained statistical analysis showed that the availability of the adult and juvenile stages of A. aegypti occurred through...

Ijaz Rasool Noorka1,2*, Bilal Ahmad Khan3*, Kafeel Ahmad4, Zafar Iqbal Khan4, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Amer Nawaz2, Tasneem Ahmad5 and Humayun Bashir4

... food. The fodder and forages are the major nutritional items along with other supplements. In Pakistan and sub-continent, the shortage of fodder and forages is very common particularly in kharif season because shortage of the fresh water resources. The waste water is manly passed down as supplemental irrigation source to irrigate field crops including f...

Amal H. Mostafa, Mohammed Y. Matoock, Heba M. A. Khalil* 

...ion associated with a management program for stray dogs. Eight adult native dogs were collected from Maadi district streets in Cairo. and brought to the clinic to assess their aggression level. They were exposed to a 10 behavioral test series, including friendly greeting, room behavior, leash manner, look test, sensitivity test, tag test, squeeze test, food behavior, toy behavior, and dog to dog behavior to measure the dog’s initial reaction and subseque...
Tabinda Urooj1,*, Bushra Wasim1, Shamim Mushtaq2, Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah1, Lubna Faisal3, Moazzam Ali2, Nabeela Rasheed1 and Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi4
...s demographic data, mean age of enrolled patients was found to be 48.26±10.74 years. The mean age of menarche was found to be 13.39±0.89 years. The calculated BMI (body mass index) was found to be 20.4. Majority of the enrolled subjects have acquired primary or basic education and most of them were married and housewives. For the reproductive risk factors of breast cancer, majority gave no history of contracept...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Zhensheng Liu1*, Liwei Teng1* and Ejaz ur Rehman2
...ion, Conservation and Management) Act, 2015. Threats being faced by the reported mammalian fauna from human activities are emphasized.

 

...

Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1* and Faisal Amin2

...revealed that B2 sub-lineage is endemic in the country as all isolated H9N2 strains belongs to this clade of G-1 lineage. Two isolated H9N2 strains A/Chick/Pak/303/2018 and A/Chick/Pak/436/2019 contain six glycosylation sites instead of seven as found in their ancestral strains. A comparative analysis of neuraminidase amino-acids sequences of B2 sub-lineage with Y- 280 line

Asmaa G. Mubarak1*, Mona M. Mustafa2, Mohamed W. Abdel-Azeem3, Dina N. Ali2 

...0 < 35 and 35 < 50 age groups among food handlers and patients, respectively. Complete resistance of the obtained isolates was showed to erythromycin, streptomycin, and nalidixic acid with the highest MAR index (0.640) appeared in clinical isolates from patients compared to food (0.517) and food handlers (0.471). All detected Salmonella serotypes harbored invA gene through which a phylogenetic analysis was conducted for six isolates showing a high degree...

Anguara Khatun1*, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy2, S.M. Shafikul Gani3, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Tanvir Ahmed1 

...ng identical care and management. Growth performance data were recorded weekly. Samples of intestinal segments were collected and examined for intestinal morphology at the end of the feeding trial (35 days). Data were analyzed using SAS Computer Package Program (version 9.1, SAS, 2009). Results showed that the addition of multi-strain probiotics and multi-enzymes to diets independently improved body weight, feed conversion r...

Mohammed Sirajul Islam1,2*, Nurhusien Yimer1*, Wahid Haron1 , Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1, Mark Hiew Wen Han1, Mamat-Hamidi Kamalludin3, Wan-Nor Fitri1, Ubedullah Kaka4, Abdul Quddus1,5 

... bulls with similar ages were kept under the same paddock and fed with equal quality and quantity Guinea grasses and palm kernel cakes. Body weight was measured at monthly basis by using a digital animal weighing scale. Age at sexual maturity was determined by the time of semen ejaculation and quality. The results revealed significantly (p<0.05) greater...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1 and Juma Gul2

...d rapidly increasing average global temperature. These changes are having observable impacts on biodiversity at species level and ecosystem level, in terms of distribution, composition and function. Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has different habitats; it represents a useful ecological model to identify the effect of habitat heterogeneity on bird communities. We conducted the study to explore the local avian fauna and to compare its composition and div...

K.M. Injarul Haque, Sharmeen Islam*, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan, Md. Ruhul Amin 

...itional properties of silages. Silages were prepared in airtight plastic containers at ambient temperature according to the treatments T0 (0% RC), T1 (5% RC), T2 (10% RC), and T3 (15% RC) with 5% molasses as dry matter basis at 0, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively. Results showed that the physical qualities (color, odor, and softness) of silages were improved in rumen content added treatme...

Ghulam Abbas, Sultan Mahmood*, Ahsan ul Haq and Haq Nawaz

...oduction performance of caged layers during summer was studied. One hundred sixty commercial layers (24 weeks old) were purchased from a poultry farm and were reared in a group for one week (adaptation period). At the start of 25th week of age, these layers were divided into 20 experimental units/replicates (8 layers/ replicate), which were further allotted to five treatment groups (4 replicate/ treatment). Five diets (A, B,...
Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Amir2*, Bilal Ur Rehman2, Zafar Khan3 and Abid Munir1
 
...ta. In fingerprinting, image processing techniques include: low-quality-fingerprint enhancement, normalization, binarization and thinning of fingerprint image followed by feature extraction. In this paper, a novel encryption method for minutiae based low-quality-fingerprint framework is proposed. The proposed encryption algorithm works through addition of spurious information to the originally extracted fingerprint data. The...

Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7

... healthy fishes with average weight 24.0 ± 12.5g were distributed randomly into four fiber glass tanks in triplicates (each tank contains 10 fishes). The experimental diet was prepared with variant concentration of mushroom such as 0% (control group) and 2%, 4% and 6% of extractions for the other three groups. Duration of the experimental work was six weeks. Water quality parameters including temperature was 29 ± 0.5, DO: 5.7 ± 0.04 and pH...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Satria Ibnu Lenanto, Akhmad Dakhlan, Muhamad Dima Iqbal Hamdani 

... female of Saburai goats aged one year were used in this study. This research data uses primary and secondary data taken from direct observations in the field and livestock recording data from Sumberejo District. The method used is a survey method, the research sample was determined by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the paternal half-sib correlation method. The observed variables included weaning weight and yearling weight. The results of thi...

Arkan B. Mohammed*, Ammar S. Abdulwahid, Samah M. Raouf 

...s from 40 to 47 weeks of age. The productive metrics were measured on daily and weekly basis in the period from 40 to 47 weeks of age, while the egg quality was measured after 56 days. Hematological, biochemical and antioxidants parameters were also determined at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the egg production and feed conversion ration were significantly improved in both thyme treatments (T2 and T3). A...

Hongqun Li1,*, Liganag Xing1, Xiaoli Liu2, Yonglan Pu3, Yuqing Yang3 and Yongyao Fu1

...losses and ecological damage in the invaded range. Here the geographical distribution of potential pine wilt disease was analyzed by using the Maxent model in the current and future conditions. Our results indicated that Maxent model provided satisfactory result with the AUC value of 0.871 and 0.841 for the model training and testing, respectively. The most significant factors were maximum temperature of hottest month, mean temperature of hottest quarter, alti...

Tintin Rostini1*, Irwan Zakir1, Danang Biyatmoko2 

...tergent fiber (ADF), average daily body weight gain, feed conversion, and blood metabolic profile (total protein, glucose, cholesterol, Ca and P). A mixture of yeast and curcuma supplementation from local feed-based rations significantly improved the performance of the Jawarandu Goat. concluded that the use of 0.5% yeast and 2% temulawak was the best in goat ration supplementation. Based on the results, it was concluded that the use of yeast ang curcuma supp...
Lin Ye, Jie-Lan Jiang*, Jia Xu, Rui-Ting Liu, Yin-Qiu Tian, Qing-Qing Zang, Jia-Yi Cao and Ming-Guang Mao*
...ext-align: justify;">Voltage-gated chloride channel 5 (CLCN5) transports hydrogen ions into the nucleolus and removes chloride ions, which helps the cell to maintain its pH value and osmotic pressure. To reveal the role of CLCN5 under low-salinity stress, a cDNA sequence of CLCN5 (TrCLCN5) was cloned from Takifugu rubripes using the reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) technique. The results showed that TrCLCN5 cDNA contained a complete open reading frame of 250...
Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Muhammad Farooq Nasir1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Asif3
...om the world. Immature stages of this species are 5 which have been described with the help of coloured micro-graphs. Male and female genitalia have been described using line drawings and coloured drawings. Main diagnostic characters, brief description, morphometrics, distribution and illustrations are provided. Biology, trophic associations with 4 ant’s species namely, Camponotus parius, Camponotus compressus, Tapinoma melaocephalum, Lepisiota fraunfeld...

Mohammad Hussain Haidary1, Rozanaliza Radzi1*, Muhammad Waseem Aslam1, Seng Fong Lau1, Farina Mustaffa Kamal2, Ahmad Rasul Radzali1 

...data using simple percentages. Fifty-seven cats were analyzed up to the final treatment with known survival status. The majority affected cats age between 3-6 years old (24/57) and male (41/57). Most affected cats came from indoor multicats households. The two most common clinical signs were halitosis (42%) and anorexia (28%). Caudal stomatitis (100%) and gingivitis (93%) were the two most intraoral findings. Elevated total ...

Muhammad Khubaib Hameed, Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman, Muhammad Ashraf, Safdar Hassan, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Qamar Bilal, Fawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Sharif*

...racteristics like percentage of dressed meat, thigh meat yield, breast meat yield, relative organs weight (heart, liver and gizzard) and immune organs such as bursa, spleen and thymus weight were also recorded. Weekly feed intake (3506g, 3531g) and body weight (2080g, 2139g) were better (P<0.05) in group fed arginine supplementation as 0.4 and 0.6%, respectively as compared to control group. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR, P<0.05) was shown by the all...

Khadim Hussain Memon1,*, Amir Mahmood Memon2, Tahira Jabeen Ursani3, Abdul Manan Shaikh1 and Sapna Waheed Memon1

...ndus River at Sukkur Barrage, Pakistan. A total of 718 specimens were collected from October 2015 to March 2016. The total length (TL) was ranged from 14-78 cm and average total length was 31±12.266 cm with CV=0.390. The total weight was ranged from 41 to 4939 g and average weight was 434±772.064 g with CV= 1.777 for the combined data. The pooled length weight relationship wa...

I Nyoman Sulabda1*, I Nengah Wandia2, I Ketut Puja3 

...e population in Taro village, Bali and only inhabiting restricted areas in forests of Taro village. Current population are 57 head. To provide basic information concerning allele and locus in BoLA gene, the BoLA microsatellite loci (DRB3 and BM1815) were used to evaluate allel diversity using 18 samples of Taro white cattle. Genetic variability was low, with observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity for locus BM18...

Sadaf Shahid1, Abdul Razzaq2, Gul-Makai1, Asim Shamim3*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan4, Rana Hamid Ali Nisar5, Qaiser Akram6, Mohsin Nawaz3 

... animals of 1-2 years of age (15.79%), followed in order by less than one year (11.44%), and 2-3 years (9.06%) of age. Females (15.56%) were found more prone to tick infestation than males (9.20%). The tick infestation was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in summer (18.81%) as compared to winter (5.71%). Among breeds of sheep, the highest prevalence of tick infestation was found in Bibrik sheep (13.60%), followed in order ...

Irshad Ahmad1,2*

...pest, integrated pest management program (IPM) strategy can be adopted that includes visual inspection, behavior management through pheromones, sanitation of the crop and field, removal of the infested frond and offshoot, eradicating the concealed breeding sites of the pest. IPM also include cultural techniques comprising in-groove humidity and palm density, judicious use of insecticides, using biological control

Amira Mahmoud Refaie1*, Marwa Hosni Abd El-Maged2, Hassan Abd El-Kriam Hassan Abd El-Halim2, Hanan Abd El-Rahman Hassan Alghonimy2, Sayed Ahmed Mohamed Shaban1 

...nd Exp.2). Spleen percentage (Exp.1) and carcass percentage (Exp.2) was significantly improved (P<0.01) in the 0.3% DPP group compared with all other groups. Hens fed control positive and 0.3% DPP (Exp.1), and control positive and 0.1% DPPE (Exp.2) exhibited significantly higher (P<0.01) yolk percentage compared with the normal control. From the obtained results it could be concluded...

Muhammad Waqas1, Naveed Ahmed2*, Hamid Saeed Malik1, Unaiza Qamar3, Hasnain Javed4 and Ahsan Hussain1

... patients, while the average Hb in β-thalassemia carrier patients was 11.54 but it also varied gender-wise, different ethnic origin and in different mutation. The mean MCV was 62.94fl, MCH 19.46pg, MCHC 30.74g/dl and RDW 39.06fl. The final findings showed that IVS 1-5 (G-C) was the most common mutation in Punjabis and Fr 8-9 (+G) is the most common mutation of Pathan community. Lowest Hb was found in IVS 1-5 Mutation of β-thalassemia carrier patients...

Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Kutkat1, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Baki1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Omnia Mohamed Kutkat2, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1 

...f all samples in one passage in embryonated chicken eggs and further testing by haemagglutination test. Whereas, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers to amplify 1681 base pair (bp) of the whole NDV F-gene was carried out to confirm the presence of NDV and then sequenced. Our results demonstrated that, RT-PCR was successfully detecting 62 NDV samples. While, Sequencing and phylogenesis of six selected isolates revealed...

Ziyue Qin1, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, 3, Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Diyan Li1, Gang Shu4, Yaofu Tian1 and Xiaoling Zhao1*

...glucose syrup by oral gavage (2 g/kg BW), while the vehicle group received an equivalent volume of normal saline. In the IST test, twelve chickens on d 70 fasted 12 h from each stock were assigned into four groups, respectively. Each of 3 birds was injected with human insulin at the dosage of 40, 60, and 80 µg/ kg BW via intraperitoneal injection, respectively. In both trials, the blood glucose concentration was determ...
Johar Hussian1, Faiz Muhammad2, Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani3, Aqeel Ahmad4, Nazir Ahmad Lone4, Moomal Bughio5, Syed Khurram Freed1 and Shakeel Ahmed Khan4*

Shaokun Lu1,2, Ronghua Li1,2*, Chunlin Wang1,2, Changkao Mu1,2 and Weiwei Song1

...2 and 0.500, with an average of 0.384. The expected and observed heterozygosities (He and Ho) ranged from 0.422 to 0.545 and from 0.000 to 1.000 respectively. Four loci were found deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Blast results give significant hits for nine confirmed SNP-associated sequences, some of these genes are associated with important immunological functions. These EST-derived SNP markers will be useful tools for fisheries man

Sherif Abdelghany1, Lynda Allouche2, Ahmed A. Abd El-Maksoud3, Ehab N. Daoud4, Saleh A. Kandeal1, Mohamed A. Radwan1* 

...s indicated that the average milk yield was higher in the treatment group, which increased by 10.3%, while the fat % was decreased by 21-25% compared with the control group. The physiological parameters gave no significant differences between groups, except urea which recorded higher levels in the treatment group (34.6 vs. 30.6 mg/dl). SCC was significantly decreased by 52.5-56.3% compared with the control. Also, a significant enhancement of milk sta...

Neven Waheeb1*, Sherif Marouf2, Essam Nasr3, Shaymaa Abdelmalek2 

...ost prevalent infectious agents in the world which causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Laboratory diagnosis of H. pylori infection is made by invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive methods require endoscopy which is uncomfortable and unacceptable for most patients. Therefore, non-invasive methods particularly serological tests are easier and comfortable for patients. The objective of this...

Saeed Ahmed Essote1, Asim Iqbal1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2*, Asmatullah Kakar1, Imran Taj2, Shahab-ud-Din Kakar1 and Imran Ali 3,4*

...idae (52.5%). The percentage of family Boidae, Typhlopidae, Elapidae and Leptotyphlopidae were high in Sibi Division while family Viperidae and Colubridae were dominant in Quetta Division. The family Colubridae has been the most dominant in the Province, having ten genera viz., Boiga (6.8%) Coluber (10.1%), Eirenis (2.5%), Lycodon (3.5%), Lytorhynchus (6.1%), Oligodon (4.7%), Natrix (1.7%), (7.5%), Ptyas (2.9 %) Spalerosophis (6.3%) and Psammophis. The Viperid...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed*1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Imran Khatri1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano3, Qurban Ali4, Imran Ali Rajput5 and Muhammad Akbar Lashari1

...ustify;">­The insect age plays a significant role in the intensity of competitive behaviours among the individuals. The courtship behaviour of brown planthopper (BPH) is followed by numbers of strides by both genders and influenced with age. In the present study, the age of male for 1-7 days and female 1-10 days was selected to observe the different parameters {male response time (MRT)...

Yin-Hua Wang1,2, Yi-Bing Zhu1, Li Jiang1, Bin Du3 and Xiu-Ming Xi1*

..., analgesic and sedative agent costs, short-term mortality, and adverse events potentially relevant to the study drugs. Data analysis will adopt an intention-to-treat approach. This trial will demonstrate the probability that remifentanil can reduce the duration of MV in long-term ventilated patients in critically ill patients compared to fentanyl.

...

Serdar Eratak1, Metin Çabuk2,* and Ahmet Alcicek3

... between 1 to 35 days of age. The mash experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. No significant effects of the lentil byproduct inclusion level were observed on the mean total feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and body weight. Similarly, the relative weight of internal organs and carcass yield were not significantly affected by lentil byproducts’ inclusion levels. The results indicate that lentil byproducts might be included in the die...

Tran Thi Bich Ngoc1,2, Ninh Thi Huyen1,2, Nguyen Cong Oanh2, Pham Kim Dang2* 

...Yorkshire)], with an average initial body weight of 26 ± 0.77 kg (around 75 days old), were equally divided into four dietary groups, 6 replicates each group. The animals were housed individually in metabolism cages. The four experimental diets consisted of a basal diet (CONT), PROB diet (CONT + 0.2% PROB), ORAC diet (CONT + 0.2% ORAC), and PROR diet (CONT + 0.2% PROB + 0.2% ORAC) for 60 days including 2 periods (25-4...

Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1* 

... dairy products’ usage, recent growth of globalization and the widespread of international trade mandate the microbial evaluation of the imported dairy products. In the present study, ninety random samples of imported milk powder, labneh and cheddar cheese from New Zealand, Ireland, Turkey, Poland, Netherlands, European Union and Switzerland were collected from the Egyptian markets then were investigated organoleptically and microbiologically. The sensor...

Masouras P.K.1, Nikolaou K.1,2, Laliotis G.P.1*, Koutsouli P.1, Bizelis I.1 

...was estimated using an image analysis approach. Samples of Greek Red had higher a* value (P<0.05) compared to those obtained from crossbreds. Female samples revealed higher (P<0.05) values of L* compared to male. Significant correlations were observed between some of the determined meat quality parameters. A strong correlation (r = 0.798; P<0.01) was noted between IMF and marbling content. The regression analysis between IMF and marbling resulted in a...
Seble Mulugeta1 and Amenu Leta2*
... Boset District. A two-stage stratified random sampling was employed to draw 210 respondents. The descriptive statistics and multinomial logit and the binary logit model were used to analysis the data . The descriptive result revealed that a total of samples 37 (17.6%) were adopter of modern energy sources, 50(23.8%) were adopter of both traditional and renewable energy technology, and 123 (58.6%) were user of traditional energy source. The binary logit model ...

Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1, 3, Mohamed M. Amer2 

...arge scale and different ages which help to understand their role.

Keywords | Aspergillus, Chickens, fungi, immunosuppression, molecular identification, Histopathology.  

...

Mahreen Alam*, Muhammad Ashfaq, Sarfraz Hassan and Asghar Ali 

...t groundwater quality management be required to enhance the milk yield to improve the farming community’s economic status. 

...

Ho Le Quynh Chau, Than Thi Thanh Tra, Duong Thi Huong, Du Thanh Hang, Le Thi Thu Hang, Vo Thi Minh Tam, Dinh Van Dung*, Ho Trung Thong 

...nts with four replicate cages of 20 chicks per treatment. Two factors include 2 chicken groups (Ri hybrid-slow-growing strain and Luong Phuong-fast-growing strain) and three dietary SID methionine concentration (low, adequate, high). The methionine levels were set up by the recommendation of Evonik (2010) for coloured chickens. At 12 weeks of age, 8 male and 8 female chicks per treatment were randomly chosen for the car...

Seon-Ho Kim1, Mahfuzul Islam1,2, A-Rang Son1, Sang-Suk Lee1* 

...teers were fed a high forage (HF) and a high concentrate (HC) diet for two subsequent periods of 21 days under 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. The steers received HF diet had higher pH (P < 0.05). Higher acetate concentration was recorded in the Jersey steers and those received HF diet; however, the Holstein steers and those received HC diet had higher propionate concentration (P < 0.05). The lowest A:P ratio was observed in the Holstein steers and t...
Warkoyo Warkoyo1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Anggit Ayu Pradana Siwi1, Moch. Wachid1, Ivar Zekker2 and Jumpen Onthong3
 
 
...fication by crosslinking agent addition should be developed. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of glycerol (C3H8O3) and Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) — Na5P3O10 concentrations on the physical and mechanical edible film. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial was applied with three replications. The 1st factor was glycerol concentration (17.5, 2...

Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah

... within 11 - 40 years of age within the rural settings characterized by sporadic outbreaks of the disease occurring mostly during the dry season. It is hereby recommended that policy makers should timely provide prioritized budgetary allocation for the control of LF. In addition, sustained public enlightenment campaigns on strict hygienic practices and rodent control are also advocated.

...

Muhammad Abdullah1, Sana Zahoor1*, Akhtar Ali2 and Masroor Ellahi Babar3

...in asthmatic group. Mean age (49.59±15.82 year) and BMI (21.96±06.67 kg/m2) were recorded for asthmatic group while mean age and BMI for control group were 32.82±12.50 year and 18.87±05.17kg/m2, respectively. PCR amplification of TNF-α gene was done in a thermocycler for -238 and -308 genotype analysis by the ARMS technique and statistical analysis showed that there was association between a...

Oce Astuti1, La Sara2*, Muzuni3 and Safilu4

...C SR should be put in management policy in order to maintaining female adults are available all years round to produce eggs, hatch and grow to be juveniles. Therefore, BSC population stocks in this waters are continuously sustained.

...

Yongjie Xue1, Jinling Yan1, Huifeng Zhao1*, Haijing Zheng2 and Changhai Ma1

...le breeding is mainly managed by smallholders, who lack modern management and cannot scientifically measure short-term and long-term interests.

...

Najeeb Ullah1*, Adnan Ihsan1, Syed Fahad Shah1, Kamran Sohail1, Muhammad Sohail Khan1 and Said Hussain Shah2

...scriptions and digital images are provided. 

...
Furqan Awan1,2, Sadia Nawaz3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3,*, Asia Iqbal4, Raheela Akhtar5, Sehrish Firyal3, Haleema Sadia6, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Rashid7, Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer8 and Zhenling Zeng1
...ct females with the mean age of 3.98 years. Moreover, further 96 controls were selected from the same clinical practices with same parameters. Among the dogs meant for different purposes, guarding purpose dogs were found more affected (n=59). While among the dog breeds, Labrador were over-represented (n=26) followed by mongrel dogs (bully, n=23). In winter season, higher number of cases (n=34; from November to February) was recorded as compared to other season...

Murat Kulekçi1, Ecevit Eyduran2, Ayaz Yusuf Altın2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*

...r beehive of enterprise, age of enterprise, educational level of enterprise, migratory status of enterprise (yes and no), other working area except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives and bee race (Caucasian and others), were elaborated. In MARS algorithm, no over-fitting problem was observed under a set of explanatory variables consisting of number of full beehives and total honey production, whereas Bagging MARS captured the interaction effe...
Muhammad Qasim Mazari1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,*, Hasina Baloch1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rehana Buriro1, Asmatullah Kaka1, Fahmida Parveen1, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3, Ghulam Murtaza Lochi1, Abdul Ahad Soomro4, Ali Gul Soomro1, Abdul Ghaffar Abbasi1 and Sarfraz Hussain Depar1
...isk factors such as sex, age, health status, lactating, non-lactating and breed were also investigated. In district Mirpurkhas prevalence was 4%, 15%, 2%, 1%, while in district Badin it was 5%, 18%, 3%, 2% through SITT, Rapid BTB Ab test, culture examination and ELISA test, respectively. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Mirpurkhas district via cultural examination was recorded as 1.66%, 2.5% in milk and nasal samples, while in district Badin it was 1.66%, ...
Damat Damat1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Juris Burlakovs3, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile4
Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Rista Anggriani1 and Anas Tain5
...iber content. A disadvantage of analog rice is its bland taste, which can be improved by adding spices and seaweed, expected to increase the functional value. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of various seaweed pulp concentrations and spice formulations on the characteristics of analog rice. Various formulas of concentrated seaweed pulp (5 g, 10 g, and 15 g) and spice formulations (onion, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and lemongrass) were ap...

Nour El-Hoda Khayrat Hammad1*, Yousef Y. El-Seady3, Azza E. Hassan1, Sara T. Elazab2, Magdy S. Amer2 

...ome histopathological damage in testes and epididymis. On a molecular basis, mRNA expression of CYP17A1 and LHR genes were significantly reduced in testicular tissues of FCZ group while aromatase gene was elevated. The administration of LIN oil after FCZ treatment markedly improved the aforementioned alterations caused by FCZ. So linseed oil is capable to ameliorate the fluconazole induced fertility disorders.

Keywords | Male fertility, Antifungal, Med...

Sajad Ali Solangi1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Sohail Ahmed Otho2, Khadim Hussain Wagan1, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Fahad Nazir Khoso2, Aftab Raza Jarwar3 and Suman Tarique Qazi1

...orated in the disease management plan. 

...

Raheela Naz1*, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Ana Aslam1, Qudsia Nazir1, Asifa Naz3, Abid Niaz4, Farah Rasheed1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Sadia Sultana1, Ifra Saleem1, Arfan ul Haq1, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Muhammad Adnan Rafique6

...t factors. Some growth stages are very sensitive, at those stages of growth; the addition of fertilizers is more responsive than others. In order to nutrients to become available when the plant needs them and to make maximum benefits, fertilizers should be applied at the right time. In this experiment, impact of fertilizer applying methods for nitrogen and potash at different times was investigated on wheat crop. Wheat was s...

Lungile Gumede1,2, Thobela L. Tyasi1, Teedzai Chitura1*, Khanyisile R. Mbatha3 

...BaPedi goats with an average body weight of 19 ± 1.47 kg and an average age of 11±0.26 months were randomly selected from the flock at the University of Limpopo experimental farm. The experiment was conducted in three phases which are adaption, vaccination and moringa inclusion over 42 days. At the end of the first week of the trial, all the experimental goats were vaccinated...

Noura El-Shahat Attia1*, Abd El-Khalek Ramadan El-Sheikh1, Mohamed Omia Siam2 

...hard” at different ages which was suffering from decrease appetite, stunt growth rate, as well as skin lesion in form of loss of hair, crust, scales and inflammation of skin “dermatitis”. All dogs were subjected to clinical and laboratory examinations followed by special dermatological examination. Skin scrapings were examined under light microscope for the detection of fungal spores or mites. Blood samples were taken for hematological analys...

Chukwudi Njoku1*, Inyang Etim-Inyang2, Prince-Charles Itu1 and Arinze Uzoezie1

... development of Tilapia cage culture in Cross River State, Nigeria. A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) technique was applied using secondary data and considering factors such as elevation, land-use, accessibility (roads), river width, population density, distance from anthropogenic activities and climatic variables (temperature and rainfall intensity). The criteria and threshold for siting Tilapia ca...

Javed Khan1, Abdul Majid1, Mohammad Nisar2*, Ali Hazrat2, Nausheen Nazir3, Muhammad Zahoor3, Mohammad Ihsan2, Azhar Hussain Shah1, Muhamad Ajmal Khan4 and Muhammad Yahya1

...ivided into two main lineages; lineage A which is further divided into 3 clusters (C1, C2, and C3), and lineage B, further divided into 2 clusters (C4 and C5). The principal component analysis estimated the total variations in the range of 51.43 to 100% with an Eigenvalue of 0.25. It was concluded from the results that Alnus nitida L. genotypes available in Pakistan have come from a narrow...

Noor Muhammad* and Shah Alam Khan

...d minimal symptoms of damages were observed. The yield losses based on DWT and TI in susceptible cultivar “Abaseen”was 40.79%, whereas it was 23.56% in Zahoor which confirmed the reduced percent yield losses in the later genotype. This study identified “Zahoor” as the most tolerant cultivar to mustard aphid followed by KS-75 and Omega hence, other susceptible cultivars should be replaced by Zahoor to attain higher and sustainable yield ...

Jing Fu

...ystadenocarcinoma group (age 62.78±7.92, n=53), borderline mucinous cystadenocarcinoma group (age 63.82±9.26, n=55), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma group (age 62.81±6.28, n=52) Group and normal ovarian group (age 62.71±7.97, n=160). All cases were examined by two gynecological pathologists. The expression levels of SATB2 and CK20...

Maid Zaman1*, Imtiaz Ali Khan1, Amjad Usman1 and Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi2

...leading pests causing damages to agriculture, forestry, and housing/structures. Diverse ecological conditions of Pakistan made it favorable for termites which are found across the country but its diversity, genera strength, percent host and habitat attacked for district Swabi, Buner and Haripur is unreported. After collection (either on spot or through NIFA-Termaps) and identification, all districts had equal species number (05) but different type of species f...

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem, Reham R. El-Tanany and Adel E.M. Mahmoud*

... weight 34±0.1kg, age: 6 months); divided into three groups (10 in each). Animal groups were randomly divided as follows: G1 (control group): lambs fed clover hay, concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus sodium bicarbonate (1% of dry matter (DM)), while lambs in G2 and G3 groups fed clover hay, CFM plus natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) at the level of 1 and 2% of DM, respectively. Results showed that there were insignificant (P<0.05) differences among gr...

Neelam Saba and Saba Irshad*

...ildren under 15 years of age (mean age=2.2 ± 1.03 years) and diagnosed with congenital or acquired cataract were included in the study. Among 192 cases of cataract 166 were of congenital and 26 were of acquired cataract during childhood. Among 166 congenital cases, 97(58.4%) cases were bilateral and 69 (41.6 %) were unilateral. Maximum number of cases of congenital cataract was observed in idiopathic group (40.96%) wi...

Saydat Saad1, Doaa Abdel-Fattah1, Tarek Khamis2, Aya El-Sobky1* 

...geted control, the advantages of free form propolis are limited due to previous reasons. Nano-propolis is made using a variety of nanoencapsulation processes. Because of their smaller size, nano-propolis is more utilized by the body than the free one. This study focuses on some current research on the application of nanotechnology in animal health and human health utilizing animal models, as well as the usefulness of nanotechnology on natural supplements like ...

Sozan A.A. Ismaeil1*, Hassan Emam2 

...mounts of reticular, collagen, and elastic fibers with silver, Crossman, and Orcein stains respectively and faint positive reaction with PAS while in the liver of Ibis was vice versa. This study aims to understand normal gross anatomy and histology of the liver in Young Homing Pigeons and Cattle Egrets. It can be concluded that the presence of gall bladder and absence of it and habit of feeding significantly affected the gross and histological structure of the...
Muhammad Faisal Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Talha Nazir2
...udies regarding their management.
...

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed1, Aziz Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3*, Amna Bibi3, Hafeez-ur-Rehman4 and Umar Farooq4

Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Sher Shah Souri1, Bibi Amina3, Wajia Noor4, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Adil1

...11), thousand seed weightage (40 g), biological and grain production (3017, 816 kg ha-1). Whereas phosphorus applied at rate 90 kg ha-1 produced plants taller (81 cm), nodules plant-1 (22), protein (22.35 %), carbohydrates (61.11 %) and seed N content (3.60 %). Considering Mo x P, interactive effect was found significant for pods plant-1, protein, carbohydrates and seed N content of mungbean crop. On the basis of experimental consequences, it is clinched that ...

Hussain Ali1, Shahid Sattar Khan1, Fazal Maula2, Said Hussain Shah3* and Misbah Uddin1

...s pivotal to find out management strategies for this pest for higher production of rice. Research experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of different rice varieties and synthetic insecticides on the population density of rice stem borer. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) repeated three times. The results revealed that the minimum population density of dead hearts (3.50%) and white heads (7.08%) were recorded in...
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
...e insecticide for the management of C. pipiens.

...

Muhammad Mohsin1, Zhang Luyao2*, Zhu Ting3, Yin Hengbin3 and Qian Chong3

...tant for their proper management. This study uses catch statistics, 2007-2018, of a vital fishery resource, viz., Ammodytes personatus (Girard, 1856) to know its stock status and ongoing economic implications. For this purpose, Surplus Production Models (SPMs) were applied to the data through two world famous fishery routines, viz., Catch and Effort Data Analysis (CEDA) and A Stock Production Model Incorporating Covariates (ASPIC). In CEDA, we applied two SPMs...

Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem* 

...atties during frozen storage at –18 °C for 12 weeks by enumeration of aerobic plate count (APC), psychrotrophic, Enterobacteriaceae, and lactic acid bacterial (LAB) counts. The results revealed that the sole effect of T, CL, and O oleoresins caused non-significant reductions in all investigated bacterial counts. Among the treated groups (T, CL, or O alone), it was found that O oleoresin achieved the highest reduction rate, followed by CL while the le...
Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,2*, Md. Firose Hossain3, Zannatul Mawa1, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Rabiul Hasan1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Habib Ul Hassan4 and Sadicun Nahar Sikha1
...y for the sustainable management of C. soborna in the Ganges River and surrounding ecosystems.

...

Lifang Zhang, Xiuyue Zhang and Bisong Yue*

...om 16 to 32, with an average value 24.5. The observed heterozygosity value (HObs) varied from 0.481 to 0.906 and the mean HObs was 0.698; the expected heterozygosity value (HExp) varied from 0.625 to 0.928 and the mean HExp was 0.840. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0.602 and 0.923. The analysis of Genepop and Popgene showed that a relatively high level of genetic diversity was revealed: the observed number of alleles was 10.0781; the ...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Sarfraz Ali Shad2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3 and Muhammad Binyameen2,*

...termine the potential damage and to apply control measures for key pest like Earias vittella in cotton. Field experiments were conducted to assess the distribution of E. vittella eggs within the cotton plant. Out of 240 plants inspected, E. vittella females laid 204 and 194 eggs on 40.9% and 36.9%of the plants in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Spearman Rank Correlation showed that a significant and positive relationship (association) existed between the number o...

Bikash Puri1, Anil K. Tiwary2, Bharata Regmi3,4, Dinesh K. Singh1, Doj R. Khanal5 and Manoj K. Shah3*

...resent study showed sex, age and vector population as the main influential risk factors for BTV infection. Further studies are imperative to identify the vector from different agro-climatic zones at the species level and to serotype the BTV prevalent in the study areas.

...

Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah

...en. These anti-microbial agents are capable of destroying the metabolism of microbes and can alter certain properties of bacterial cellular and metabolic activity which results in impaired growth or death of these bacteria. This study was planned to find out the effect of AGPs in broiler chicken. For the purpose one day old (n=432) broiler chicks were used in the experiment. Nine groups comprising of 48 chicks with 3 replicates of sixteen broiler chicks each w...

Nafisa Shoaib* and Aisha Majid Ali

...assessment of genetic damage.
...

G. Basana Gowda*, N.B. Patil, M. Sahu, S.R. Prabhukarthikeyan, S. Raghu, G.P. Pandi, T. Adak, C.K. Swain, S. Pokhare, S.D. Mohapatra and P.C. Rath 

...el strategies for the management of T. castaneum.

...

Hong Yin*, Dan Yang, Ji-Jie Liu, Jing-Wei Ding and Dan-Dan Cui

...lism was investigated in aged mice. Mice were treated without or with different doses of β-CM-7 for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, all mice were collected for serum and tissue samples. Histopathological studies showed the tissue protective role of β-CM-7 in aged mice. The treatment of β-CM-7 in aged mice significantly increased the triglyceride (TG) level with decrea...

Gülseren Kırbas Dogan1,*, Emin Karakurt2, Mushap Kuru3 and Hilmi Nuhoglu2

...ts in bone tissue, cartilage tissue, or primitive mesenchymal tissue. Genetic, environmental, teratogenic, faulty breeding selection, or feeding related anomalies can be observed either locally or systemically. This study aimed to evaluate in detail the various anomalies in six calves according to pathological and anatomical investigations. Six calves were delivered to the Department of Pathology at the Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between ...

Hafiz Adnan Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Aslam2, Salman Gul2, Tariq Mehmood2 and Munawar Ali Munawar2

...potent anti-inflammatory agents. Title compounds were synthesized by chlorosulfonation of 3,4-diphenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole (3) followed by condensation with amines and all derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yield. All synthesized hybrids were characterized with spectroscopic techniques and further evaluated for anti-inflammatory potential. The synthesized hybrids were screened in vivo by employing carrageenan-induced...

Ayman M. Khalifah1*, Walaa A. Kashyout1, Sara A. Abdalla2, Hassan S. Zeweil3, Soliman M. Zahran3, Tarek A. Ebeid4, Waleed M. Dosoky3 

Muhammad Tariq1, Imtiaz Rabbani2, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf2, Imdad Ullah Khan1*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Sajid Iqbal3, Alam Zeb Khan1, Shakirullah1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Atta Ur Rehman1 and Mumtaz Ali Khan2
..., freezing and thawing stages. They damage functional and morphological characteristics of sperms. Beside these exogenous stresses there is an oxidative stress which damages the spermatozoa endogenously. These stresses can be controlled with the inclusion of antioxidants in semen extender at the time of cryopreservation. In the current study, semen from four (n=4) healthy Nili Ravi buffalo...
 Mian Abdul Hafeez1*, Adeel Sattar2, Faiza Aslam3, Muhammad Imran3, Kamran Ashraf1, Rashid Zia2 and M. Muntazir Mehdi1
...n each pen on 5th day of age. Birds in groups A, B, C and D were challenged by 60,000-70,000 sporulated oocysts of mixed species local isolates at 21st day of age. Groups A and B were medicated with Ibuprofen (100mg/kg body weight) orally and Ibuprofen (100mg/kg B.W) orally plus Clopidol (0.5g/kg) of feed respectively, post infection for five days. The group C was medicated with Clopidol (0.5g/kg) of feed. The group D served...

A.H. Alqhtani1, A.S. Alharthi1, N.J. Siddiqi2, S. Zargar2 and A.M. Abudabos1*

... some degree of liver damage as indicated by the release of AST and ALT in the serum.

...

Sana Khalid1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman2,3, Usman Hameed2,4, Shabnum Shaheen1, Muhammad Naveed Shahid5, Khajista Jabeen1, Farah Khan1, Muhammad Saleem Haider1

...xperiments using screen cages in an insectary for the period of one month. For this purpose non-viruliferous whiteflies (B cryptic species) were reared and used to acquire the viruses for 48-72 h from the agroinfiltered symptomatic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants and these were liberated to healthy plants for transmission of viruses. It was evident from the results that the whiteflies were incapable to acquire...

Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1 

...ze in integrated pest management. Furthermore, research on field evaluation and deleterious effects of environmental conditions on fungi capacity is required.

...

Doaa Sh. Mohamed1, Nema S. Shaban2 , Mai M. Labib3, Olfat Shehata4 

...2.26 g/kg) using oral gavage daily over a period of three weeks, one week prior to the doxorubicin injection and two weeks along with doxorubicin injection. The effects and mechanisms of doxorubicin on superoxide dismutase activities were elucidated by molecular docking studies. Treatment with almond oil attenuated lipid peroxidation, improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities that are associated with doxorubicin administration. Also almond oil considerabl...

Kanakuntla Sandhyarani*, Dhoppalapudi Madhuri, Yadala Ravikumar 

...use severe mechanical damage to tissues like kidneys, heart, lungs, intestine (visceral gout) and also in the joints (articular gout). Gout is a multifactorial metaboic disease which involves infectious agents, nutritional factors and managemental prcatices. Infectious agents include Nephropathic Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Avian Nephritis Virus (...

 Hanan Fathy Hammouda1, Mohammad Mahmoud Farag2*, Mervet M.F. El Deftar3, Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar4, Basant M. Mohamed4

... nanobioactive glass/collagen/chitosan composites scaffolds with osteoblast mineralization of normal rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) and cancer osteosarcoma cells. The non-cellular in vitro bioactivity test was performed in simulated body fluids for periods 1, 3, 10, 20 and 30 d by measuring the calcium and phosphate ion concentrations by SEM/EDX analysis. While, the bioactivity of expanded and differentiated osteoblast cells derive...
Heba Mohamed Shaheen1, Ali Meawad Ahmed1*, Hosny Abdelltief Abdelrahman1, Rania Helmy Abohatab Abdou2, Aya Salama Mohamed Kamel1
...ed chicken meat. The average concentration values of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TTC), chlorotetracycline (CTC), and doxycycline (DOC) in broiler samples were 160.26, 89.19, 98.75, and 175.64µg/Kg respectively. Based on the local and international regulations, the results revealed that out of 260 positive samples for tetracycline levels, 170 (65.4%) were unfit the maximum residual limit and 90 (34.6%) broiler samples were agreed with the MRL. Af...

Naima Din1, Misbah Ashraf1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal4, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas2, Farrukh Ilahi2, Amir Hameed5, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub6, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Farooq2,3

...ents and moisture percentage were also evaluated for the tested varieties. Among the tested varieties, OK Advanta-803 was most resistant to the jassid (13.36/leaf), whereas NS-810 was most susceptible to the A. devastans (23.93/leaf). A. devastans population showed a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.8573*) with area of leaf lamina and moisture percentage (r = +0.7192*). As leaf area of NS-810 (184.34 cm2) was larg...

Omer Eyuboglu

...in fish industries, spoilage of culture fishing stocks, rising production costs, adverse effects on human health and changes in biological diversity. The most prominent alien species in Turkish Black Sea waters are  species invasions which are witnessed in the Black Sea. The Black Sea, which has incurred significant losses in biodiversity due to the increasing eutrophication and various pollution related problems, have surfaced significantly and provided ...

Saima Mustafa1, Firdous Bukhari1, Muhammad Nazar Aftab1, Muhammad Asif1, Muhammad Amjad1, Maryam Ijaz1, Muhammad Latif2 and Furhan Iqbal1*

...ed to identify causative agent of dwarfism that reveled a previously reported a missense mutation (c.2011 A > G, p.Ser 671Pro) in exon 3 of COL10A1 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed these mutations in all enrolled subjects and mutation followed Mendalian pattern of inheritance. Multiple sequence alignment by Clustal Omega revealed that domain of COL10A1 containing mutations is highly conserved. In conclusion, we are reporting a previous...

Semra Okur Gumusova1, Gul Fatma Yarim2, Cuneyt Tamer1,*, Ayris Salt2 and Gokhan Inat3

...ative stress and cell damage may provide important insight into infection treatment. Previous studies have shown that many viruses induce oxidative cell damage during their replication in mamalian cell culture, but fish viruses has not been well-studied. Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and it is a viral, fatal and contagious disease of young salmonids and nonsalmo...

Jie He* and Ren Yang

...optosis, reduce liver damage indexes, and have certain protective effects on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. The effect of propofol combined with vitexin is better than that of propofol and vitexin alone.

...

Qaisra Siddique1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique1 and Qingyou Liu3

...e decreased with the passage of time. Among all the concentrations, 1/3rd of LC50 cause greater decrease in protein contents. The total protein contents in various tissues of L. rohita followed the order: muscle>hepatic>brain>gills>renal>cardiac.

...

Mudassir Safdar, Aurang Zeb, Sidra Khalid, Shahid Bashir, Riffat Mehboob* and Muhammad Imran

...ths feeding period. Mean age of the subjects was 21.88 years, with an average initial BMI of 24.71 kg/m2. Findings of the efficacy trial showed that the average hemoglobin level in anemic girls increased from 8.99 to 9.94g/dl. The prevalence of severe anemia was reduced from 8 to 4% (p < 0.05), moderate anemia reduced from 80 to 68%. However percentage
Ranjhan Junejo1*, Shahabuddin Memon1, Muhammad Usman Shar2, Ayaz Ali Memon1 and Fakhar-un-Nisa Memon3
...e (Ethyl acetate, EA) dosages, effect of date fodder, trap density, the effect of trap color and seasonal changes have been optimized. From the results, it has been revealed that the traps baited with 300 g of date fodder, captured more adult red palm weevil as compared to the traps without date fodder. In addition, 3 mg/trap/day pheromone dose and 5 mg/trap/ day EA captured the maximum number of adult red palm weevils and effective trap density was found to b...
Mohamed Ali Zayed
...0.05) differences in average daily gain, pre-slaughter weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, total fat, edible parts, and non-edible parts. Where the average daily gain increased by 50.68 % for lambs that drank fresh water group compared with those kept on saline water group. On the other hand, there no significant differences between two groups were observed on dressing percentage

Jocelín Selene Sánchez Cisneros1, Braulio Alejandro Fuantos Gámez1, Martin Herrik Ramón Kane1, Laura Miranda Contreras2, Camilo Romero Núñez2* 

...hesis or assembly of collagen. This case describes a young albino Burmese python that presented with dry-looking skin, multiple folds and wounds. Skin samples were taken for histopathology and compared with a healthy specimen of the same species and colour characteristics. The diagnosis was cutaneous collagen dysplasia suggestive of cutaneous asthenia. This is the first report of cutaneous asthenia in a baby albino Burmese p...

Nuzhat Naseem, Sajid Abdullah and Sana Aziz*

...s no phytase activity in agestric fish. This study was performed to determine the impact on proximate composition of whole-body of Labeo rohita (fingerlings) fed distiller’s dried grains with solubles based diet, supplemented with phytase. Six different feeds were formulated by supplementing different concentrations of phytase. i.e. D1 without phytase supplementation, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 with 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 FTU phytase per kilogram of die...

Shahid Sherzada1,2*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar2

...an intraspecific and intragenric K2P genetic distances were 0.2% and 1.2%, respectively. Rate of transitional and transversional substitution was 16.68% and 4.16%, respectively. The transition/transversion bias value R was 1.25. The negative values of Tajima D test as well as Fu and Li D and F tests supported the process of population expansion with excess of rare alleles. The overall results showed a lack of neutral evolution and low genetic differentiation a...

Ali Raza1, Muhammad Sharif1*, Fawwad Ahmad1, Asghar Ali Kamboh2, Muhammad Saeed3, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Asad Ullah Hayder1

...t; 0.05) dressing percentage was observed in group F, and highest (P < 0.05) tibial ash contents were found in groups F and G. Keel bone length was improved (P < 0.05) in those birds receiving ration F and G, while highest (P < 0.05) shank length was observed in those birds receiving diet G. Based on these results, it was concluded that phytase and vitamin D, at the level of 400 FTU/kg and 4000 IU/kg, cumulatively improved the weight gain, feed conver...
Afsheen Noman Saddar1, Anila Naz Soomro2*, Sadaf Tabasum Qureshi1, Syeda Saleha Hassaney1 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar2
...nt and flower of red cabbage through brine shrimp toxicity assay. Brine shrimp eggs hatching was optimized by applying three temperature levels (25°C, 27°C and 29°C), three salinities (10 ppt, 30 ppt and 35 ppt), two food demands (0.8 g and 1.6 g) and two levels of shrimp egg (1 g/l and 1.5 g/l). Five concentrations (1200, 2500, 5000, 10000 and 15000 µg/ml) of aqueous extracts of five fertility enhancing plants were tested for 24 h incubation...

El-Kholy KH1, Tag El-Din H1, Tawfeek FA2, Sara HM Hassab1* 

...5 ml SLAE /kg diet). Averages of ambient temperature, relative humidity, and THI during this study were 32.27±0.44°C, 71.65±0.85%, and 30.54±0.43; respectively. The result revealed that SLAE addition significantly (P<0.05) increased T3 hormone and FSH hormone levels, and T3/T4 ratio in compared to control group. The highest concentrations of these values were observed in dose 7.5 ml SLAE/kg diet. Also, SLAE addition result a dose-d...

Fatma Desouki Mohammed Abdallah

...spleen) weight. SPSS packages used for calculation descriptive statistics, correlations and principal component reduction method. The results showed that Bartletts test of sphericity is highly significant (P = 0.000 **) for the three lines. Three principle components were able to explain 82.193% (53.927, 15.188, 13.078 for PC1, PC2, PC3 respectively) of the total variance in the eight variables of the high body weight line, two principle components were able t...
Alshimaa A. Hassanien1*, Asmaa Osama Tolba2, Asmaa A. A. Hussein3, Walaa M. Elsherif4
...nd effect of two natural agents of cow milk proteins such as casein and α-lactalbumin on S. aureus isolates of chicken and beef meat and human. Bacteriological culture and PCR were used for S. aureus detection in 150 meat products (50 grilled chickens, 50 grilled beef kofta, and 50 cooked beef meat) as well as 92 food handlers. 23S rRNA gene sequencing was done. Disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial resistance detection, while the impact of ca...

Bilal Jan1, Farida Anjum1*, Aasma Bibi1, Syed Roohul Hussain1, Abdul Ahad1, Azeem ud Deen1, Zia Ullah2 and Farrakh Mehboob3

... pesticides at various stages of their growth and development, under conventional agricultural practices especially in developing countries. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables have achieved considerable attention due to the unempirical utilization of pesticides. Fruits and their products can serve as potential sources of toxic constituents such as pesticide residues, as they are often consumed unprocessed. This study was designed to assess the pestici...

Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat Ul Ain Akbar1, Saqib Arif1, Shahid Yousaf2*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Jabbar2, Neelofar Hamid3 and Uzma Sitara1

... content with maturity stages (20.3-28.6 ml 500gm-1) from green to red tomatoes. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) continuously increased from green to red tomato level (37.5-46.3 %). Lycopene content is an antioxidant also increased from 22.1-33.5 mg/kg. Vitamin C content increase from green to pink (4 mg/100 g f.w to 17mg/100g f.w), then decrease till reached towards final stages red 14.5mg/100g f.w indicating decaying of fruits...

Hassan Ali1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1* and Muhammad Imran Hamid2

...ional options for the management of T. granarium and other stored grain insect pests.

...

Tarık Bugra Saruhan and Alptug Sarı*

...uch as 253 camera trap images of the jackal, direct observation in one area, 16 jackal howling sounds in three areas, and footprints in one area were obtained from 40 meters the upper limit of the forest at an altitude up to 1514 meters. It is also the highest altitude at which the jackal has been recorded in Europe. It is seen that the jackal is distributed in areas close to agricultural and residential areas at low altitudes whereas, it is generally distribu...

Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1* 

...ctively, associated with age (p=0.041) and the health status of the animal (p=0.0001) as the significant risk factors. The predominantly observed reacted serovars were Icterohemorrhagiae (31.8%), Hebdomadis (27.3%), Bangkinang (22.7%), Australis (18.2%), Djasiman, Hurstbridge, Panama, and Pyrogenes (13.6%). Further, studies are required to identify the appropriate farm level/animals level risk factors associated with bovine leptospirosis using large-scale samp...

Zulu Blantina Fangele, Tyasi Thobela Louis, Gunya Busisiwe* 

...f the description, advantages and limitations of using citric acid on indigenous chicken. Several studies have been conducted on the nutritional requirements of local chickens, but the results were inconclusive and contradictory. This review concludes that indigenous chickens play a significant role in improving livelihoods, and strategies to preserve and sustain them must be intensified. However, it has been well established that citric acid can acidify the g...

Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Budi Hartono2, Suyadi2, Bambang Ali Nugroho2 

... chain in each marketing agency of beef cattle in the North Central Timor Regency. The research method used was descriptive quantitative, which was carried out by a survey method. Determination of the sample using two methods: purposive sampling (applied to farmer respondents) and snowball sampling (to collect respondents from traders and butchers). Samples used in the study were 115 respondents consisting of 90 farmers, ten collectors, four inter-island cattl...

Asmaa Sh. Fayed1*, Safaa M. Abo El-Soud2 

... during refrigerated storage. After coating meat samples, we analyzed their microbial, chemical, and sensory properties after 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 days of chilled storage. GA/ zein wax sheets significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the abundance levels of total bacteria, and psychrotrophic bacteria, as well as pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), especially for 4% GA/ zein wax film. The coati...

Halidou Maiga Nafissatou1*, Abdou Moussa Mahaman Maâouia2, Moumouni Issa1, Marichatou Hamani1 

...r growth parameters. The age at first calving of the crossbred cows (34.25 ± 3.77, 29.74 ± 3.37 and 32.80 ± 3.42 months respectively in the 75%, 50% and 25%) is significantly different from those of the Azawak (41.57 ± 6.76 months). The age at fertilization of crossbred cows was 21.38 months compared to 32.57 months for Azawak cows. The calving interval was 17.85 ± 3.60 months and 18.50 &pl...

Tahir Munir Butt1*, Azra2, Muhammad Luqman3, Naveed Farah4 and Muhammad Yaseen3

...ts consequences/disadvantages. Therefore, it is recommended that timely and effective campaigns must be launched in the extensive vegetable growing areas for reduced use of wastewater irrigation.
...

Palwasha1, Siraj-ud-Din1 and Muhammad Fahim2*

...mbination are used to manage this twin menace. The indiscriminate use of agrochemicals i.e., 24-30 sprays per season with no effective results; led us to believe that either the pest or pathogen or both might have developed pesticide-resistances. We conclude that i. lack of knowledge about pests and diseases, ii monocropping and use of decade’s old cultivars, iii. lack of awareness about diseases, their ecology and epidemiology, iv. lack of knowledge abo...
Dharti Shahnawaz Thebo1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Muhammad Hanif Chandio3, Faheem Saddar4, Shahnaz Rashid5, Asma Fatima5 and Ghulam Abbas5
...ay. Somatic index percentage of gonads in both sexes also increased simultaneously from 0.95% (March) to 1.2% (May) for male, and from 3.18% (March) to 5.1% (May) for female. The value of both factors reflects that the fish possess only one spawning season during the year in the month of May. The enumeration of fecundity was based upon ten mature fish ranging from 15.5 to 30.0 cm in length and from 18.18 to 148.0g in weight. High potential of eggs production i...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Shaukat Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti2, Azizullah1, Shafaat Yar Khan3, Abdul Khaliq4

...e-oriented and rural cottage industry being capable to engage amateurish family manpower for income generation via indoor activities. It has potential to provide a livelihood for the poor rural families and can play a crucial role to uplift the economy of our country. Unfortunately, this industry has not been on the list of priorities of our Government. Currently, Pakistan is importing silk from other countries to meet the d...

Leila Shirani Bidabadi1,2, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani3, Fatemeh Janjani4, Abedin Sghafipour5*

...tan district, Chahak village in Qom province from April 2020 to September 2021. 
 
Novelty Statement | This species of spider caught in this province is medically important and the people of the region should be aware of the risk of being bitten by this poisonous spider.
...

Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad

...ults showed that the average population of mealybug nymphs (9.92 individuals per branch) and adults (14.55 individuals per branch) was higher in Bhalwal as compared to Kotmomin and Sargodha. The maximum population of nymphs (31.93 individuals per branch) was observed during April and the adult population was maximum (34.86 individuals per branch) during May. The nymphs and adults were remained lower in January and February. A positive but non-significant (P &g...

Arman Sayuti1, Hamdan Hamdan2, Miftahul Jannah3, Safriadi Safriadi3, Teuku Nasri3, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2*

...bits were mated. The average concentration of estrogen on day 0, progesterone concentration on day 7 and 14 of K1 vs K2 gropus were 116.17±10.84 vs 118.46±39.69 pg/mL, 3.72±1.04 vs 10.00±5.30 ng/mL, and 1.01±0.65 vs 11.95±5.38 ng/mL, respectively (P>0.05). Additionaly, the average number of fetuses of K1 and K2 rabbits were 5.20±1,095 and 7.20±2.490, respectively. It...

Jan Clyden B. Tenorio

...used by a zoonotic viral agent, One Health truly is the keyword of the times. Similarly, the numerous Neglected Tropical Diseases prevalent throughout the world also calls upon a One Health approach for their control, elimination and prevention. Public health veterinarians seek to keep communities safe and healthy by promoting human and environmental health through preserving animal health. As a panopticon to view the achievement of vital global health outcome...

Mohamed Abd El-Fattah Abo-Farw1, Maged Ahmed Aboul-Omran1, Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek2* 

...y. The buffaloes were managed and feed at similar traditional conditions. Mastitis diagnosis was performed 21 days after calving, then animals (n=90) were grouped to normal (n= 75), and clinical mastitis (n=15) groups. Results show that interval from calving to first estrus (31.60±0.86 vs. 33.10±0.98 d) or first service (55.20±0.97 vs. 61.00±1.96) was not affected (P≥0.05). Mastitis decreased (P<0.05) estrus/mating (93.3 vs. 8...

Muhammad Hanif Khan1, Syed Muhammad Suhail2, Hayaz uddin1, Aitbar Khan3, Rashid Ahmed Magsi3, Rajwali Khan2*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Asim Ijaz2 and Khalid Khan2

...0.001) increased the average daily milk yield. The highest milk yield 10.84±1.17 kg/day was recorded for cows fed with 40g YC. Cows on 20 g YC ration produced higher milk fat 3.77±0.84% (P<0.05). Cows on 40 g yeast culture ration produced higher milk protein (3.43±0.04%). Higher (P<0.05) total milk solid not fat (SNF) content was recorded for animals fed with 20g yeast culture ration. Daily feed intake was significantly (P<0.001) ...
Ni Putu Vidia Tiara Timur1*, Maria Maliga Vernandes Sasadara2, Purwanta1, Anak Agung Jayawardhita3
...Xylacine ad the sedative agent. The dog was prescribed five days post-surgery medication using an antibiotic, an anti-inflammatory agent and supportive therapy. Regular monitoring was conducted for two months before it was confirmed that no saliva was re-accumulated.
 
Keywords | Salivary mucocele, Surgery, Treatment, Local dog, Bali
...

Evrim Sönmez

...producers who want to engage in organic or environmentally sensitive agriculture. Although there are a large number of sources in literature on the mortality rates of Beauveria bassiana’s A. obtectus, studies on the effects on the biology of the pest, the number of eggs it lays and the number of adults emerging from beans after the application are limited. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana (Nostalgist BL®) o...
Mubashir Ali Rather1, Ambreen Hamadani2*, Syed Shanaz2, Nusrat Nabi2, Showkat Ahanger1, H. Hamadani2, Ruksana Shah2
...reported the maximum average body weight at birth, weaning, 6, 12, and 24 months of age reported was 3.66±0.05, 21.80±0.15, 20.46±0.09, 28.41±0.13, and 28.07±0.49 kg, respectively. Kashmir Merino sheep was seen to produce 2.72 kg of greasy fleece per annum with a fiber diameter of 18-22 µ. The estimates of greasy fleece yield of first clip (GFY-1), staple length (SL), fiber diameter (...

Moh Zali*, Nur Ihsan, Bambang Ali Nugroho, Kuswati, Umi Wisaptiningsih Suwandi, Riszqina, Suyadi

...tructs discussed include age, education, long-time breeding experience, family dependents, and the number of livestock. Our data were drawn from local breeders in Pamekasan, Indonesia, known as a centre of Sonok cattle breeders. To examine the interaction effects, we used an IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Our study suggests that age, education, long-time breeding experience, family dependents are not related to cattle business acti...
El-Kholy, K.H.1*, Tag El-Din H.1, Seham N.E. Seleem1, A.M. El-Shhat2
...ks flocks of 33 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into of five different SV solution concentrates; the 1st group without any treatment and served as a control (C), the 2nd group was dipped into distilled water as a vehicle or positive control (SV1). The 3rd group (SV2), the 4th group (SV3) and the 5th (SV4) group were dipped in 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% of SV solutions, respectively, at four-time of eggs dipping: at day 10th (T10), day 17th (T17), da...
Khaled El-Kholy1*, Yaser Rizk2, Mohamed El-Helbawy1, Eman El-Said1
...land White (NZW) rabbits aged 6 weeks and weighing 950±30 g g were equally and randomly distributed into five groups which containing eight rabbits in each. Rabbits were injected once-weekly for all experimental period up to 14th weeks of age. The first treatment groups were the control without injection (T1), and those in 2nd and 3rd groups were injected with clove oil (25.0 “T2” and 12.5 “T3”...

Amal Hamad1, Ashraf M. Abu-Seida2*, Faisal A. Torad2, Nahed S. Thabet3, Shabaan M. Gadallah1

...cording to the analgesic agent used. Doses of 0.5mg/kg Nalbuphine HCl, 5μg/kg Fentanyl citrate, 2mg/kg Tramadol HCl and 0.2mg/kg Meloxicam were given IV in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The zero time for evaluation was 10 min for Nalbuphine HCl, 45 min for Tramadol HCl, 7 min for Fentanyl citrate and one hour for Meloxicam. The dogs were evaluated every15 min interval for up to 90 minutes. Assessments included the degree of analgesia, sedation, behavi...

Shewangizaw Wolde1,2*, Tadele Mirkena1,3, Aberra Melesse1, Tadelle Dessie4, Solomon Abegaz5 

...d hens, and genotype and age effects on carcass traits of male chickens. A total of 150 Normal Feathered local chickens (LL), 150 Sasso-RIR (SRSR) and 150 their F1 crossbred (LSR) chickens were hatched and reared on station until 18-weeks of age. Then, 32 males of each genotype were evaluated for growth performance for a period of 8-weeks. Besides, 40 hens of each genotype were reared for a period of 34-weeks. While, carcass...

Ly Thi Thu Lan1, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1, Lam Thai Hung2, Nguyen Thi Hong Nhan3, Le Thanh Phuong4, Nguyen Trong Ngu3* 

... allele 1 was more advantageous.

Keywords | ApoB2, Carcass, Chicken, Growth, Linkage

...

Hilaire S.S. Worogo*, Thierry O.T.L. Offoumon, Cham D.A. Alabi, Urbain Tchokponhoué, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan S. Assani, Fade Soule, Christophe Iwaka, Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré 

... to good reproductive management. The highest Pearson correlation coefficient was observed between Length index and Body index (r=0.72) while the most negative correlation was observed Length index and Height index (r=-0.99). These indices reveal a suitability for selection in the improvement of milk or meat production in this breed and therefore a mixed aptitude.

Keywords | traits, indices, shape, Borgou cattle, Okpara 

...

Abdul Wadood Khan1, Sabahat Subhan1*, Asif Ali Abro2 and Riaz Shahid3 

...the estimated annual average of agriculture TFP growth was 2.14% and it contributes 58% to overall agriculture output. The findings explained that the TFP of the agriculture sector was remained highest at 2.86% for a few years and the minimum 0.96% in the 70s. In the 80s, followed by 90s the growing rate of agriculture TFP was 2.24 and 2.46%. During these decades, the TFP growth contributed around (33, 53 and 81%) to agriculture productivity. The analysis of T...

Hafeez-ur-Rehman1*, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Saghir Ahmad2, Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Mehmood Iqbal2, Ali Raza2 and Muhammad Iqbal2

...t stress is the foremost agenda of cotton breeders these days under the current scenario of climate change. The major purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cotton genotypes under naturally developed water-deficit condition and evaluating them in comparative study with natural full irrigation condition. For the purpose, seven cotton genotypes along with a drought tolerant check (FH-142) were evaluated for two cotton growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady1,2, Walaa Mostafa3* 

...on in sheep in different age groups, sex and seasons. A total of 400 sheep were examined randomly from different private farms, and faecal examination through direct smear and flotation techniques were done to determine the presence of the eggs. Out of these, 104 animals were infected with strongyle eggs with (26%) prevalence. Sex, season, and age were the factors that affect the prevalence of trichostrongyle infection in th...

Mohammad Mahmudi1,2*, Muhammad Musa1,2, Sulastri Arsad1,2, Evellin Dewi Lusiana1,2, Alamanda Bunga1, Nur Azlina Wati1 

...tment for aquaculture sewage. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of integrated super-intensive shrimp aquaculture with mangroves in terms of water quality characteristics and phytoplankton as a bioindicator. The study was conducted at coastal area of Probolinggo region, Indonesia. Our research showed that the cultured ponds had high abundance of phytoplankton but low species diversity. Meanwhile, the water inlet and outlet of the shrimp farming wh...

Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

...l weight (3 times) than caged (no insect visit) treatment. Conserving these native efficient pollinators by providing floral and nesting resources may enhance carrot seed production in Punjab, Pakistan.

...

Hyun-Ju Cho1, Eun-Jae Lee2 and Shin-Jae Rhim3*

...ned that understory coverage and the volume of coarse woody debris were the habitat variables associated with the A. agrarius population, while the corresponding variables associated with A. peninsulae population were suboverstory coverage, understory coverage, and the volume of coarse woody debris as preferred habitat variables. We found that patch size and habitat variables had major dir...

Aymen Mabrouk*

... a promising therapeutic agent against Pb-induced hematotoxicity.

...

Sheng Dong1*, Ning Li2, Jiawei Zhang2 and Ting Wang2

...eby reducing podocyte damage in diabetic nephropathy.

...

Hamdy Abdala Elnagar*, Wael Mohamed Wafa, Moataz Ibrahim Badwy, Abdelaziz Mustafa Sakr 

...28.33±7.58 kg and ageing 6 mo.) and 10 bulls (400±37.5 kg and 24-25 months of age) and semen samples from bulls. Semen was collected once a week from all bulls which were divided according to semen quality to high and low fertile bulls (5 for each). Reaction time and semen characteristics were determined. Blood from bulls and calves, and seminal plasma of bulls were separated by centrifugation, and protein anal...

Husmaini1*, Riza Andesca Putra1, Indri Juliyarsi1, Tevina Edwin1, Linda Suhartati1, Aditya Alqamal Alianta1, Harmaini2 

...ulation structure and management of KBC maintenance in in-situ areas. The respondents of this study were fifty-seven farmers who kept the KBC. The method was survey method and purposive sampling to determine the respondents. The observed variables were breeder profile, maintenance management, number of KBC, actual population (Na), effective population (Ne), and inbreeding rate. The total population of KBC in Nagari Batu Baja...

Rana A. Ali1, Abd-Elraheim A. Elshater2, Heba A. Mohammed3*, Mahmoud Elshazly4 

...tocin (STZ) is a medical agent that could be used in experimental animals to induce diabetes. Nowadays, efforts have been directed and focused on complementary medicine. Aim: Our study was designed to assess the hypoglycemic activity of the laser on diabetic experimental animals. Methods: The present work was carried out on 40 albino rats, and equally divided into 4 groups, (10 rats/group) as following: Group 1, animals served as control. Group 2, animals rece...

Sutopo Sutopo, Dela Ayu Lestari, Edy Kurnianto, Asep Setiaji* 

... BW45, and BW60. The average daily gain was counted as the amount of weight has gained during the growing period (ADG0-15, ADG15-30, ADG30-45, ADG45-60, and ADG0-60). A linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of EWG, sex, and variety on BW and ADG. EWG had a significant effect on BW0, BW15, and BW30. Variety was significant on BW0, BW45, BW60, ADG30-45, and ADG0-60. Sex was significant on most of the traits. Male Kedu chickens showed more superior th...

Amira M. Refaie1*, Manal S. Mohamed1, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem1, Sherein H. Mohamed2 

...parous does, with an average weight of 3.54kg ± 0.096 were used to evaluate the response to dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori (AA) on some performance aspects during pregnancy and lactation periods. Does were allocated to 5 experimental groups, 7 does of each. Feeding on tested diets started one month before first mating. Does were allowed to the following treatments; a normal control group fed a basal diet without AA (T1), a positive con...

Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis 

... appropriate sanitary management is required to improve water quality and reduce sickness incidence and economic losses.

Keywords | E. tarda, Fish farms, Virulence, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Biofilm. 

...

Seok-Jun Son1,3, Sung-Kyung Lee1, Jung-Woo Oh1, In-Kyu Kim2, Dal-Ho Kim2, Bo-Ra Hyun1 and Jung-Hoon Kang1,*

...fledging/pre-migration stages) and wintering sites (post-migration stage). The two egrets crossed the East China Sea to Taiwan. The signal for one bird was lost, whereas the other rested and then moved to the Philippines for winter. The home ranges of the two birds were reported using kernel density estimation (KDE). During the post-fledgling stage, the results showed KDE 95% (90.46 km2) /...

Mariam Arain1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Muhammad Javed Arshed2

...% body weight while roughage (hay)was given as ad-libitum. The dietary treatments were continued for 2 months. The results showed that microbial count (E. coli and Lactobacillus) was higher (p<0.05) in goats offered basal diet supplemented with organic selenium compared to goats fed on basal diet with no Se supplementation. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were significantly higher (p<0.05) in control group goats compared to goat...

A. Samy1*, H.M.A. Hassan1, Fatma T.F. Abd-El Ghany2, Shama H. Morsy2 

...f 12 rabbits each at the age of six weeks. Five diets containing the same proportions of all nutrients were made. The first control diet (without any additives); curcumin (CE) or garlic extract (GE) at concentrations of 200 or 400 ppm were added to the other diets. The results revealed that adding curcumin or garlic extract to growing rabbit diets boosted significantly meat crude protein (P<0.05) while, decreasing moisture and fat levels. Digestibility coef...

Ayu Cusiayuni1, Risan Khaerani Nurfatahillah1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap2, Komang Gede Wiryawan3, Dwierra Evvyernie3, Anuraga Jayanegara3* 

...ric acid is an effective agent for mitigating methanogenesis in the rumen.

Keywords | Lauric acid, Meta-analysis, Methane, Rumen 

...

Honnakerappa S. Ballari1 and Shashikant S. Udikeri2*

...rotation a resistance management strategy.

...

Pan Ziyi1, Ambreen Iqbal1, Gao Zhen1, Liu Juan1, Fang Xibi2, Jiang Ping1* and Zhao Zhihui1

... higher carcass fat coverage rate (p < 0.05). Furthermore, GG genotype individuals had higher marble grade than GA genotype individuals (p < 0.05). It is predicted through bioinformatics analysis that bta-miR-12059 can bind to 3’UTR of the DHCR24 gene. Our results indicate that single nucleotide polymorphisms might be used as a molecular marker for marker-assisted selection in beef cattle breeding.

...

Mohamed Mohamady Ghanem1*, Yassine Mahmoud Abdelraoof1, Abdelghany Hefnawy Abdelghany2, Eman Abdelhamid El-Ebissy3, Ahmed Ragab Askar4,5, Attia Ahmed Eissa6  

...esert Researcher Center, aged from 8-10 years old and weighting 350- 400 kg were used. Lactic acidosis was induced with oral sucrose (14 gm/ kg BW) for 24hs after which camels were treated with oral Rumitone daily for a week. Clinical examination revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) in body temperature, respiratory rate, and pulse rate, and significant decrease (P < 0.05) in ruminal movement after lactic acid induction. Hematological examination reve...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Mirzah Mirzah, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Harnentis Harnentis 

...la microphylla has advantages as feed ingredients for poultry because it proliferates and has high protein but contains high fiber. Therefore, fermentation with lignocellulolytic fungi was carried out to improve the nutritional quality of Azolla microphylla. This research has 2 phases. Phase 1, determination of the best types of lignocellulolytic fungi on the nutrient quality of fermented Azolla microphylla. This study used an experimental method with a Comple...

Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,2, Hong Seok Mun1, Myeong Gil Jeong1, Eun Ju Yang3, Hyeoung Seog Park4 and Chul Ju Yang1,2,*

...h the control. On an average, meat TBARS value was decreased (P<0.05) in all supplemented groups (except T1 and T2) and the lowest (P<0.05) meat microbiological count was seen in T4. These results indicate that certain ratios of plant extracts and liquid minerals can be used to enhance the performance and meat quality in poultry.

...

Hosny Kesba1, Ashraf Suloma2, Samy Sayed3*, Abdullah Abdel-Rahman1 and Shaimaa Diab1

...d. The efficiency percentage (%) of STP in both soil types was more than ITB. The growth parameters of the plants (length and fresh and dry weights) in both soil types also significantly increased when compared with WW. The STB and ITB irrigation sources improved the plant content regarding the total protein, total amino acids, and total carbohydrates in both tested soil types. These results suggest that aquaculture effluents from tilapia production could be u...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1,2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3,*, Muhammad Binyameen1,* and Sarfraz Ali Shad1

...vittella infestation (damage in fruits and larval population) was almost similar during both the years of experimentation. However, the fruiting parts were higher during second year as compared to the first year. The response of the genotypes CIM-496 and CIM-506 was variable to E. vittella infestation in fruiting parts and damage in mature bolls. Treatments showed significant impact on fruiting parts, number of dam

Mashakgene Isaac Senoamadi, Thobela Louis, Tyasi Teedzai Chitura* 

...es and females) of mixed ages. The average FAMACHA© score for the goats was three while for sheep the average score was 2.62. Ninety-eight goats (60%) had a FAMACHA© score of three and above while fourteen sheep (52.4%) had a FAMACHA© score of three and above. There was a high occurrence of haemonchosis in goats compared to sheep (p<0.05). Differences in occurrence betwee...

A.J. Shoyombo1, O.O. Alabi, B.M. Falana1*, R.A. Animashahun1, S.O. Olawoye1, F.A. Okenniyi1, M.A. Popoola2, C.I. Ukim2, A.M. Ake, A.E. Jubril3 

...a ani can be properly managed at the Landmark University Teaching and Research farm. This affirms the ability of the Institution to promote standard practices in Livestock Production Management.

Keywords | Atresia ani, Calf, Livestock. Clinical, Production 

...
Zhan-Zhong Liu1, Chun-Ying Wang1, Jian-Ye Yang2, Qing-Hua Liu3,4, Xiao Zhang3* and Liang Wang3,4*
...ion of China. The median age of the patients is 42-year-old and 45.57% are male; 25 cases (31.65%) are imported. 23 cases (29.11%) were confirmed between January 26 to 31, 2020 while 56 cases (70.89%) were from February 1 to 16, 2020. Among the ten administrative divisions of Xuzhou city, Suining county (n=31) and Pizhou City (n=15) have the most cases while Tongshan district has none. A representative familial cluster with 6 cases was analyzed in detail in or...

Min Li1, Shiwu Deng2*, Yiqian Peng3 and Hong Li2

...tructure was slightly damaged in MIRI + DEX group. Compared with the sham operation group, p-JNK, Caspase 12, CHOP and GRP78 in MIRI group and MIRI + DEX group increased significantly (P<0.05), Compared with MIRI group, the expression of p-JNK, Caspase-12 and CHOP protein in MIRI + DEX group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the expression of GRP78 increased (P<0.05). It is concluded DEX can alleviate mitochondrial damag...

Zunping Ke1, Chao Li2, Qiang Liu3, Gang Bai4, Junfeng Wang5, Ming Zhou5 and Xiao Dong5,*

...gery until in a very old age. Though we could not find out the fistula during surgery, on account of the left-to right shunt caused by the fistula, further occlusion by transcatheter procedure was recommended for this patient.

...

Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2*

...ter size and lactation stage on body weight and milk yield traits in Egyptian goats. One hundred and sixty blood samples were collected for DNA extraction; 74 from Zaraibi, 41 from Damascus, and 45 from Barki breeds. Two genotypes, TT and TC, in the α-lactalbumin gene were identified using single strand conformation polymorphism. DNA sequencing resulted in one non-synonymous MT163744: g.128T>C SNP (TCG Ser> CCG Pro) at the sixth nucleotide of &alph...

Ahmed Alazzouni1, Ashraf Al-Brakati2,*, Sherif Rabie1, Mohamed Gabry1 and Basmaa Hassan1

...natural chemotherapeutic agents and as adjuvants to ameliorate histopathological changes associated with leukemia.

...

Hua Liu, Wei Hou, Li Peng, Changjun Peng, Yansen Cai and Jing Li*

...277 to 0.487 with an average of 0.417 per locus. We detected the lowest genetic diversity in the HS population compared with the EM and FJ population. Population analysis based on Structure and neighbour-joining tree revealed a unique genetic cluster of HS population and a similar genetic background and close relatedness between the EM and FJ population. It is the first reported polymorphic SNP markers in M. thibetana that can be applied to non-invasive sample...

Muhammad Idrees1, Bashir Ahmad2, Muhammad Waqas1, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah3 and Saad Ahmad Khan4

...resistance to infectious agents has provoked an urgent need to discover novel anti-tuberculosis agents with novel modes of action. In this study, small molecule inhibitors of the proteins encoded by the drug resistant genes, i.e., katG, gyrA, pncA and rpoB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), were identified using computational methods. In the ligand base pharmacophore, an already reported four ligands for the fo...

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Usman1,*, Abdul Jabbar1, Saba Usman3, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Husnain1, Nadeem Raza1 and Anwar-ul-Haq4

...ted that with increasing age and parity number, poor BCS, or a history of disease, the incidence of coxiellosis became significantly (p<0.05) higher. Various farm-related risk factors were also found significantly (p<0.05) associated with Coxiellosis. Moreover, phylogeny of isolated bacteria showed genetic variability (47%-99%). Lastly, the hematology profile of Coxiella burnetii positive buffaloes showed significant (p<0.05) lymphocytopenia (45.95 &p...
Saeed Akram Khan1, Shahid Sherzada1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Durr-e-Shehwar1, Sonia Iqbal1, Usman Atique1,3, Farzana Abbas1, Sohail Ahmad2 and Muhammad Sultan Haider4
...h temperature at early stages of development. Impacts of slight change in water temperature were observed from Blastodisc to morula stage. After gastrula stage, temperature effects were evident but not critical. This was a first documented report on effects of temperature on breeding performance and embryonic development of C. mrigala from Pakistan.

...

Roheela Yasmeen1* and Samia Chaudhry2

...rsons in its prodromal stage which suggest its transmission is not likely through air. COVID-19 can affect people of all age groups and mostly results in the death of people with weak immune systems. Its most common reported symptoms are fever, fatigue, dry cough, lymphopenia, raised levels of lactate de-hydrogenase and, bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs (opacities may be mild dam

Laiba Ajmal1, Sidra Ajmal2, Maleeha Ajmal3, Gul Nawaz3, Rabail Hassan Toor4, Hooria Younas1, Tassaduq Hussain Sheikh5 and Raazia Tasadduq1*

...ently leading to miscarriages. The functioning of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system at the maternal fetus interface plays a pivotal role in acceptance of the fetus. Alterations in the modulated activity of HLA system influence the fetal tolerance. Therefore, this review will provide an insight on how the working of HLA at the maternal fetal interface contributes towards recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL). Antigen hiding is a phenomenon that contributes toward...

Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina

...poor hygiene and poor management systems are the most responsible factors of these diseases that cause annually significant livestock losses affecting the economy, animal diversity and ecological balance. These diseases are transmitted among animals in different ways and endemic especially in large and common pastures and among the causes of their spreads are contact, vectors, air, water, feeds, wastes, and pollution. Environmental conditions play an important...

Fan Xu1,2*, Cheng Wu3 and Su Zeng1

...fter 6 h, and the percentage of fat globules > 5 μ m (PFAT5) in 10 μg:10ml group was relatively high. The risk of embolism was easily caused by injection or small pot dripping, which may be related to the insufficient amount of solvent and the incomplete dispersion of lipid microspheres. As for the two dosage forms of lipo-PGE1 and DN-PGE1, the average particle size and PFAT5 afte...

Riffat Sultana1*, Samiullah Soomro1 and Chuan Ma2

...rted to cause massive damage to agricultural crops where it exists. In past many of its sibling species were misidentified on morphological examination. However, DNA-based species assignments has now made it possible to overcome this barrier. In this study we present CO1 gene data set on the 6 species of Chrotogonus i.e. Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) homalodemus homalodemus (Blanchard, 1836) with two forms: long winged form and short winged form, C. (Chrotogonus) ...

Jun Zhang1*, Xiaocao Xu2 and Min Cao2

...cords, including gender, age, number of blood transfusions per year, HBs-Ag, HCV-Ab and Anti-HBs. The study included 630 thalassemia major patients who received regular blood transfusions at a hospital in Bengbu, China. We found that out of 630 patients of the study, there were three HBs-Ag positive, so the prevalence of HBV in this study is 0.5%. The prevalence of HCV-Ab positive was 7.1 and these individuals had a significantly older mean

Huahua Fang, Daquan Zhou and Xiaoyu Dong*

...rmation for fisheries management in Yellow Sea along coastal waters of Shandong province.

...

Ahmed M. Darwish1*, Hassan R. Darwish1, Dalia M. Mabrouk1, Mohamed A. Abdelhafez1, Ahmed M. Abdel-Salam2, Ibrahim E. Mohamed3, Ibrahim M. Farag1 

...uction in protein percentage and insignificant increase in fat percentage in Damascus goat. In conclusion, the fat percent of Damascus goat milk is affected by the T allele of the Leptin gene. Therefore, the T allele may help improve milk fat content through breeding programs.

Keywords | β-lactoglobulin, Leptin gene, Milk traits, Goat 

...
Nadeem Raza1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Ali Ahmed Sheikh2, Muhammad Usman1*, Quratulain Mujahid3, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rizwan4
...isk factors like gender, age and tick infestation. Serological examination revealed the positive percentage of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in camels was 2.47% (10/405). Risk factor analysis showed that gender, age and tick infestation are significantly (p < 0.05) associated with occurrence of borreliosis in camels. This study may play an important role in the transmission of borreliosis i...

Nahla Hamada Magd Khalil1*, Ihab Mahmoud Helal2, El-Desoky Hassan Ibrahim Dorrah1, Soad Ahmed Soliman Ismail3 

... showed reduction percentages of 81.13%, 60.38%, and 79.25%, respectively. While DDE residues showed reduction percentages of 100%, 57.14%, and 71.43%, respectively. On the other hand, DDT residue was completely reduced in all cooking methods (100%). Heptachlor reduction by roasting was 86.36%, and completely reduced by microwaving and boiling. Heptachlor epoxide reduction was 94.88%, 79.49% after microwaving and roasting, r...

Dwi Budiono1,5, Ratih Rinendyaputri2, Ariyani Noviantari2, Mokhamad Fahrudin3, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari4, Vista Budiariati1,6, Diah Nugrahani Pristihadi1,3, Noer Muhamad Dliyaul Haq1, Arief Boediono3* 

...ltured from blastocyst stage embryos. The results of this study showed that CHIR99021 0.003 mmol/l was able to significantly increase the blastocyst rate of parthenogenetic embryos (p<0.05). The quality of blastocysts produced was also significantly improved (p<0.05). Blastocyst rate and quality decreased by increasing CHIR99021 concentration to 0.01 mmol/l. The pESC primary colonies culture showed that blastocysts cultured in CHIR99021 0.003 mmol/l were...

Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe1, Adaora Angela Agubata1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*

...ic action of a bacteriophage specific to Escherichia coli. Both Escherichia coli and bacteriophages were isolated from farmlands and residential wastewaters. The isolated Escherichia coli were confirmed through phenotypic and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test to nine antibiotics was determined. Multi-antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was assessed. Spot assay was done to determine lytic action of the bacte...
Adnan Ihsan*, Najeeb Ullah, Muhammad Usman, Syed Fahad Shah, Misbahullah, Riaz Hussain and Jawad Sarwar
...scriptions and digital images of the recorded species are provided.

...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Shahab E. Saqib2 and Saleem ur Rehman1
...he study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed. Furthermore, to estimate wheat productivity, differences in wheat productivity and socio-economic factors between owner and tenant wheat growers, a log-log regression model and an independent unpaired sample t-test was used in conjunction with face-to-face interview schedule. In addition, a dummy variable was added to the production function to analyze the impact of tenancy status on wheat productiv...

Thobela Louis Tyasi1*, Lubabalo Bila2, Nkgaugelo Kgasago3, Siza Mthi4 

...s have been used as a management tool to predict live body weight, feedstuff consumptions and carcass parameters in farm animals at lesser costs with a high relative accuracy and consistency. This research was performed at the University of Limpopo experimental farm (Syferkuil) to examine the effect of sex on the interrelationship between body weight and linear body measurements in South African non-descript goat kids. A total of 46 new-born South African non-...

Albina Gabdrakhimovna Darmenova1, Samat Ravkhatovich Yusupov2, Abzal Kenesovich Kereyev1*, Mirzabek Gashimovich Zukhrabov2, Yerbol Maratovich Sengaliyev1, Dosmukan Ermuhkanovich Gabdullin1, Berik Garipullievich Satybaev1 

...ws during the placenta stage and the postpartum period. For the first time, a new device for determining uterine contractions has been used to study the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions to diagnose early signs of postpartum disease in the uterus. The experimental part of the work was carried out based on the farms of agrofirm “Kolos”, LLC in the Tetyush district of the Republic of Tatarstan and MBS “Zhaiyk” in t...

Wael Felefel1*, Mohamed EL-Beskawy2, M. F. El -Dakroury3, Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi4, Eman Sayed Mohammed5 

...rty five stray dogs with age above 6 months were collected from Alexandria governorate with heavy or moderate ticks infestation. The captured dogs were divided into 3 groups, each group includes 15 dogs, and categorized as follows; group (1): (Positive control group), group (2): (Doramectin injected group), and group (3): (topical Fipronil group). It was observed that the overall complete curative rate was 60.00% in group 2 and 33.33% in group 3. Marginal Homo...

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1*, Wafaa Adel Abd Fouda1, Hesham Attia Shedeed1, Safaa Ali Mostafa1, Ahmed Mohamed Elbaz2, Salah Abo Bakr2, Baliegh Hamdy Mosa1, Ali Saber Morsy1, Amal Mohamed Hasan1, Khamis Refaay Emam3 

...five Hi-Plus doe rabbits aged 5 months and body weight with an average of 3060.2±21.0 g were used from June to September 2020. Does were randomly divided into three equal groups, n= 15 for each group. The 1st treatment (Tr1), served as control. The 2nd treatment (Tr2), received 5 g of microalgae N. oculata / kg basal diet. The 3rd treatment (Tr3), received 10 g of microalgae N. oculata /kg basal diet during experiment...

Masudul Haq Wani and Arshad Bhat*

...f this study is to encourage farmers to adopt the new production system module developed by Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir for getting doubly benefited though production gains and employment avenues. Keeping in view the benefits and economic value of this legendary crop, the present study is undertaken in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, which enjoys virtual monopoly in the cultivation of saffron, producing around 9...

Ibrarul-Haq* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

...P’s collection and age of the household head, level of education, distance between the forest and home, household size, landholding size, capacity of livestock herd for individual holding (number of livestock held), number of adult males, female and female headed household has been calculated through various econometric techniques. Empirical evidence from several forest based communities across the globe suggests that NTFP’s collection contribute s...

Asim Faraz1*, Bernard Faye2, Cem Tirink3, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amal AlKharusi5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Nasir Ali Tauqir7, Muhammad Arslan Akbar8, Muhammad Usman Saleem9, Rana Muhammad Bilal7, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel10

...enhanced by reducing the age at puberty and calving interval. The current study was showing the effects of forced mating as a tool in the reduction of age at puberty and calving interval in She-camels. For this purpose, thirteen female camels (3 female young stock –FYS, 10 parturient) belonged to Camel Breeding and Research Station (CBRS) Rakh Mahni Bhakkar Punjab, Pakistan were enrolled in this study. Available ruttin...

Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3

... metals can cause DNA damage, learning, sensory disability and memory deficit. Major portion of insects have malformed growth and mortality rate affected by heavy metals, mainly with the exposure of pesticides. On the other hand, pesticides not only alter the behavior, growth and developmental physiology, gut microbiota, but also cause mitochondrial abnormalities. The use of different antibiotics is also posing threat to bees by causing changes in the structur...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar4 and Nazia Rubab5

...s, livestock farmers, managers and other literate stakeholders. This survey comprised of a variety of questions related to one-health, use of antibiotics, antibiotics (ABs) residues in milk, meat and yogourt, the role of food safety, organizations, antibiotic resistance, compromise on human health and harmful implications upon animal welfare and eventually one-health due to unnecessary over or under label use of ABs. The results have delineated the educated in...

El-Kholy KH1*, Tag El-Din H1, Seham NE Seleem1, Eman Hussein2 AM El-Shhat2 

...ks flocks of 33 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into of five different SV solution concentrates; the first (1st) group without any treatment and served as a control (C), the 2nd group was dipped into distilled water as a vehicle or positive control (SV1). The 3rd group (SV2), the 4th group (SV3) and the 5th (SV4) group were dipped in 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% of SV solutions for 3 minutes, respectively, at four-time of eggs dipping: at day 10th (T1...

Uzochukwu Ephraim Emeto, Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo* and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze

...horses were noted, while age groups and body weight were estimated by dentition and normogram methods respectively. The results showed that 89.9% [confidence interval (CI) 86.4%, 93.4%] of the horses harboured gastrointestinal endoparasites including strongyles (81.3%), Parascaris equorum (8.2%), Oxyuris equi (21.1%), Strongyloides westeri (13.5%), Anoplocephala spp. (10.2%) Paranoplocephala mamillana (3.6%). Polyparasitism was prevalent (43.4%, CI 37.8%, 49.0...

Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4

...05) between breeds, sex, age and body score of the animals while it was significantly influenced (P= 0.0283) by the breeding origins of the inspected cattle. The seizures made were mainly partial seizures of lung organs (70.28%) followed by liver (17.57%), kidneys (8.10%) and heads (4.05%). Following the inspection of all the animals during the study period, the urban commune of Koudougou received a total of 1,029,600 CFA francs in slaughter fees. In addition ...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...;104 at zero time of storage to 3.75×104 and 7.65×104 at the fourth month of storage. Antibacterial activity of different galangal and sumac extracts against staphylococcus, coliform group, psychrophilic bacteria, mold and yeast were demonstrated where the 90% ethanol extract of sumac and galangal had the highest antimicrobial activity. With concern to scavenge activity, the 90% Ethanol Extract of Galangal and su...
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, Erkata Yandri2, Yogo Adi Nugroho3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4
Satriyo Krido Wahono5, Wahyu Widodo1, Lili Zalizar1, Elfi Anis Saati1, Maftuchah Maftuchah1
Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum6, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh6, Dwi Yono3, Rangga Kala Mahaswa7
Herry Susanto2, Damat Damat1*, Dyah Roeswitawati1, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani8 and 
Susi Mindarti1
...as well as five enhancer agents – vitamin C (Iodimetric titration), beta carotene (UV-Vis spectrophotometer), amino acid (amino acid analyzer), and reducing sugars (colorimetric method). Utilizing descriptive statistics, the research is presented in box-plot, with a t-test. It was recorded that Fe content in Mengani’s CCF [9.269 mg 100 g–1, ranged (4.717 to 15.686) mg 100 g–1] was lower than La Boite’s...

Muhammad Asif1*, Ahmad Ali Shahid1,2 and Nasir Ahmad3

...ive diseases. Biocontrol agents are the best-known source to minimize the attack of pathogen. Tomato leaves infected with early blight symptoms were collected from Lahore. Pathogen was isolated on PDA and its morphological characters were studied. All the characters used for identification of pathogen confirmed the culture as Alterneria solani. Ganoderma lucidum was collected from University of the Punjab, Lahore associated with dead oaks of Dalbergia sisso. M...

Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ayesha Latif2, Majid Hamid Bajwa1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Ali Zohaib1, Naeem Faisal1 and Muhammad Hamza3

... transplanting with more aged nursery, improper fixation of nursery plants in the soil etc. The study results projected mechanically transplanting area (ha) for riding type MT as well as for walk after type MT respectively as 64.78 and 28 annually. Accordingly, there would be 36.15 (000 ha) mechanically transplanted area (5.41%) of province Punjab, Pakistan annually after completion of the Govt. prevailing project on rice.

...

Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Asif Nawaz3*

...improved agricultural management techniques. Out of 203 subscribers (beneficiary farmers), sixty farmers were interviewed through interview schedule. Knowledge index was used for measuring farmers’ knowledge level. The study revealed that application of mobile phones decreased the communication gap (88%) between the farmers and agricultural extension department. The agricultural advisory services provided through mobile phones have improved the knowledge...
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi1,2*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3,4, Erkata Yandri3,4, Kiman Siregar5,6, Aris Winaya7, Damat Damat7, Wahyu Widodo7, Ahmad Wahyudi7, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4,8
Maizirwan Mel9, Ivar Zekker10, Muhammad Zul Mazwan7, Devi Dwi Siskawardani7
Endang Dwi Purbajanti11 and Ida Ekawati12
...tainability from land management’s perspective, the land suitability for oil palm, and the strategy for land management to achieve oil palm sustainability. The role of land management technology and the maintenance of soil carbon stocks are emphasized as vital parts of best management practice to achieve conditions in line with SDGs.
...
Yunilas Yunilas1*, Nurzainah Ginting1, Tri Hesti Wahyuni1, Muhammad Zahoor2, Nelzi Fati3 and 
Ahmad Wahyudi4
...l. The application of silage feed technology using local microorganism additives is expected to improve the physical quality of silage feed. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding local microorganisms (MOL) and fermentation time on the physical quality of corn straw silage. This study used a completely randomized design, factorial 3 × 3 with three replications. Factor I w...
Syarif Husen1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Setiawan Deny Rexmardi1, Erny Ishartati1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Jumpen Onthong3 and Ivar Zekker4
...ductedinSumberBrantasVillage(1700ma.s.l.),BumiajiRegency,City ofBatu,EastJava,Indonesia,thisresearchutilizedRandomizedCompleteBlockDesign withsevengrowingmediacompositionsandfourreplicatesinamicro-cuttingplanting.The growingmixmediacompositioncontainedhuskcharcoal+cocopeat+bokashi(goat manure) + bokashi(cowmanure), andhuskcharcoal+ cocopeat+bokashi(cow manure) + bokashi(poultrymanure)resulted13.38stemcutting(G0). The beneficial roles of bokashi in increasing o...

Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1

 

...ctober and in 0-3 months aged chickens. AMPV generally infects the upper respiratory tract of poultry, which has been isolated for the first time in Bangladesh in 2016. Alternatively, adult chickens are more susceptible to IB and ILT. The prevalence of mycoplasmosis and aspergillosis are higher during the winter season and are reported to occur due to poor management systems. Overall, respiratory diseases are most common in ...

Eman Alsayed Hammad and Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer

...ive eco-friendly control agents for root-knot nematode M. incognita infected Pomegranate were evaluated under greenhouse and open field conditions. Results indicated the ability of tested strategies to suppress M. incognita after being applied three times. Under protected conditions the pest reduction percentages of M. incognita and increase percentages in shoot dry weight were associated ...

Mirtneh Akalu1,2*, Takele Abayneh2, Esayas Gelaye2, Behailu Tefera2, Teferi Degefa2, Vemulapati Bhadra Murthy1 

Weidong Huang1,2,3, Xinyue Liang1,2,3, Xiufeng Xie4, Xingmin Wang2, 3 and Xiaosheng Chen1,2,3*

...esults indicated the average genetic distance was 0.005 among the different elytral forms of M. sexmaculatus based on combined dataset, which shows very close genetic relationships among them. Results also showed a high level of haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.902) and the low level of nucleotide diversity (Pi = 0.004). In addition, the number of haplotypes was 17 and the same elytral color patterns of M. sexmaculatus didn’t share the same haplotype. Further...

Jiang Wu*

...te and extent of cell damage. After treatment, in the presence of chemical constituents of T. officinale, the intracellular ATP concentration was significantly reduced in the treated Staph. aureus, Salmonella, E. coli and L. monocytogenes (P<0.05). When the chemical constituent concentration of T. officinale plant increased from 1/2 MIC to MIC, the intracellular ATP content further decreased (P<0.05). We concluded that the chemical constituents of T. off...

Dali Wang1,2, Yujing Zhu1,2, Wancai Xia1,2, Mei Zhao1,2,3, Chan Yang1,2 and Dayong Li1,2*

... Tibetan Plateau, and damage the surface vegetation. Like other natural disasters, landslide and debris flows cause a shift in local ecological conditions, which can have profound impacts on the habitat of non-human primates. This study investigated the characteristics of surface vegetation found within the debris field of a landslide and debris flow that occurred in 2008 at Gehuaqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve ten years later. We calculated the surface ar...
Mubasshir Sohail*, Qadeer Ahmed Soomro, Raza Muhammad, Muhammad Usman Asif and Imran Rauf
...y and integrated pest management. The study was aimed to evaluate cellulolytic activity which was detected in the gut of mango mealybug, (Drosicha stebbingi). Initially, cellulolytic activity was detected from crude proteins using substrate-agar plate assay and laterally confirmed by endoglucanase assay. Enzyme activity measured using the glucose standard curve was 725 U/ml after acetone precipitation. Thermal stability and optimum temperature were found to be...

Man-Seok Shin1, Hyun-Ju Cho2 and Eun-Jae Lee3*

...output can help guide management of nuisance egret and heron rookeries in urban forests of Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. This study examined 126 locations regarded as breeding sites of egrets and herons at the nationwide census conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Research between 2019 and 2020. In addition, 252 randomly selected locations were used to identify the significant variables among a total of 15 environmental variables within 4 f...

Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3*, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3 

...the meiotic prophase I stage. Activation of primordial follicles initiate through pregranulosa follicular cells. The primordial follicle takes several months to grow and develop to preovulatory follicles in mammals. Changes occur during follicular growth and development stages on the oocyte and the surrounding cumulus cells to prepare the oocyte for further embryo development upon ovulation and fertilization. Molecules trans...

Aiman Al Mufarji, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed* 

... 2.70 kg body weight and aged 2.5 - 3.0 years, were randomly allocated to three equal groups (nine/group) as control and M. oleifera groups (25 & 50.0 g daily). Blood samples were collected and were subjected to analysis through hematology and plasma biochemistry analyzers. The hematological parameters include red and white blood cells (RBCs & WBCs), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values. The plasma biochemistry parameters include plasma glucose, ...

Suhu Duan, Zaiqiang Li, Zhenzhen Fan, Mengran Qin, Xiaoxue Yu* and Liuan Li*

...lthy Gallus domesticuss, aged 26 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups, and each group contained 40 chickens that were fed outdoors in an activity area of 63 m2 with free food and portable water. The CK was fed basic diet, and the experimental group added 1%, 3% and 5% linseed oil to the basic diet (TP1, TP2, TP3), respectively. On the 10th, 25th and 40th day of the formal trial, 36 eggs were randomly selected from each group, of which 12 were used to det...

Shuhuan Li1*, Yongheng Bo2, Youzhi Li3 and Xiuzhen Yang2

...accurately, with the average recoveries between 82.37 and 88.31 % when the additional concentration ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg, and a detection limit of 0.25 mg/kg, providing an effective and reliable method for the detection of atropine residues in beef. 
...

M.A. Salam1,*, Sarada Kanta Bhagabati1, Rajdeep Datta1, H. Ramananda Singh2 and Gunajit Oinam2

...needful by the concerned agencies with respect to the fish diversity of the lake and maintenance of sustainable fish production without sacrificing the lake’s ecosystem with the help of full participation of community.

...

Qiong Xiang1, Jing-Jing Li1, Qian Zhang1,3, Rong-Bo Tian1 and Xian-Hui Li1,2*

...DRGs after injecting Carrageenan, the inflammation-induced reagent into the mouse left-hind paw(Ipsilateral-side). Compared with the SSTR2 in normal right -hind paw(contralateral-side) DRGs. The variation of SSTR2 protein expression is fast, because about 15 min after injection the significant up-regulated expression of the SSTR2 proteins are found in inflammatory DRG neurons compared to that of in control DRG neurons. The p...

Wei Cui1, Yanwei Du1, Lijuan Jiang1, Yan Wei1, Yuguo Li1, Wenfeng Zhang1* and Ling Zhang2*

Ahlam G. Khalifa1*, Walaa A. Moselhy1, Hanaa M. Mohammed2 and Khaled Abdou1 

... administered by oral gavage 5 days a week for one month. The deltamethrin group showed a highly significant elevation in chromosome aberrations. Also, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes proved that deltamethrin had a stronger cytotoxic effect on the bone marrow cells than the CS/DM Nps and S/DM Nps groups. It was concluded that these innovative nanoformulations of DM were less toxic, which would lower health risks and boost...
Yang Yang1,2, Hong Zhou3, Ji Shao1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2, Pengpeng Xia1,2, Mingxu Zhou4,5, Qiangde Duan1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...t in F18ab△hcp1, the flagella gene flic and type I fimbriae fimA were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, hcp1 gene of F18 STEC is related to flagella expression, bacterial adherence, invasion, and secretion of Stx2e toxin. T6SS hcp1 is proved to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of F18 STEC.

...
Yuechen Li1, Yumo Li1, Xuefeng Zhuang1, Guangfu Lv2, Xiaowei Huang1, Zhe Lin1, Yuchen Wang1* and He Lin1*
...l disorders and brain damage in the aging mice, suggesting that OR has the potential to be a new anti-aging drug candidate.

...

Momotaz Khanom*, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman, Muhammad Yousuf Ali, Md. Shahin Parvez, Al-Hasan Antu, Md. Nazmul Ahsan 

... Tubifex for the early stage of larvae of stinging catfish.

Keywords | Enzyme activity, Formulated feed, Growth performance, Stinging catfish, Tubifex 

...

Seun Eui Kim1,2*, Myoung-Hoon Lee1, Hye Myoung Jang2, Garam Park2, Wan-Taek Im3, Gwang Joo Jeon2,4* 

...overy of new therapeutic agents as were in cases of other cancers. Although the anticancer activity of a rare ginsenoside compound K (CK) against various cancers has been reported, there are few studies on neuroblastoma. In this study, cell viability and cell migration assay were tested and the expression of 17 genes in related signaling pathways was analyzed to determine the potential of CK as an anticancer agent for neurob...

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem*, Muhammad M. Shaklouf, Ali M. Ali and Mohammed H. Bakr

...s (650 ±50 kg average body weight, in the first to the fifth seasons of lactation, 127±4 Days in milking and average of 12.32±1.13 kg daily milk yield) were divided into three similar groups to evaluate the effect Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product (LAFP) commercially named (Culbac®) on nutrients digestibility, milk yield and composition, blood biochemistry and immune system response of t...

Jawad Abdullah Butt1*, Yasmin Nergis1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Mughal Sharif1 

.... The mean sulfur percentage in both Thar coal (0.79-1.05%) was also found moderate to low. Mean calorific values (5260-6339 Btu/lb) of local coals show their potential as a future fuel. In the coal ash analysis, it can be realized that mostly ash contents are comprised of organic substances and the major compounds are SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and CaO. In Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) analysis, Pyrolytic he...
Ateeq-Ur-Rauf1*,Wisal Khan1, Muhammad Salman Rafi2 and Nauman Khan3
...ies in the best water management of water resources. These facts prompt us to study the changing temperature and precipitation relationship in Upper Indus Basin, UIB (hub of Pakistan water supply). Five substations of UIB (Drosh, Gilgit, Astore, Gupiz and Skardu) were selected for study, mean monthly precipitation and temperature data were collected for a period of (1980 to 2014) from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). A non-parametric Mann-Kendall test...

Nour H. Abdel-Hamid1*, Walid Elmonir2, Eman I. M. Beleta1, Rania I. Ismail1, Momtaz Shahein1, Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy1 

...enetic similarity percentages of 62% and 54% with a diversity index of 0.82 and 0.88. Both ERIC-PCR and RAPD-PCR dendrograms clustered B. abortus isolates into two clusters and three genotypes with discriminatory of 0.8 and 0.72. Both ERIC and RAPD PCRs revealed 25 singleton genotypes (G) out of 35 genotypes. DNA-based typing techniques showed substantial diversity among the Brucella isolates. The genetic diversity among Brucella genotypes obtained in this stu...

Hamidur Rahman1*, Asghar Ali Kamboh1, Nazar Ali Korejo2, Atta Muhammad Memon3, Rashid Ali Korejo3, Manzoor Ahmed Chandio1 

... Camels under 9 years of age, showed relatively higher (p < 0.05) prevalence (15.3% and 20%), as compared to camels above 9 years of age (8.5% and 11.4%) through RBPT and cELISA respectively. Breed-wise analysis exhibited that 8% and 16% in Lassi breed, 23%, 30% in Kachhai, 10%, 5% in Kharani and 8%, 8% in Brahvi were found positive through RBPT and cELISA respectively. Likewise, area-wise investigation showed that 17.1% ...

Abdul Majeed1, Zhenlin Liang2, Lixin Zhu2, Chunli Liu2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,* and Faisal Saeed1

...puter software FiSAT package was used to analyze the growth and mortality rate parameters. The length-weight relationship values for male was W= 0.016xb2.906 (R² = 0.950) and female was W= 0.029xb2.724 (R² = 0.941). The combined data of both sexes were W= 0.021xb2.830 (R² = 0.945). The electronic length-frequency analysis (ELEFAN) method was used to estimate the VBGF parameters, which were L∞ = 39.9 cm (FL), K = 1.6 yr-1. However, total mo...

Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...suggests that habitat management, especially in tree-thinned habitats where ground vegetation develops explosively, should be accomplished by considering slope gradient for both creating suitable microhabitats for small rodents and encouraging biodiversity.

...

Rabia Goher, Inamullah and Mohammad Akmal*

...foremost developmental stages of the selected genotypes of wheat in three AE i.e. AEP (Peshawar), AEK (Kashmir) and AEC (Chitral). An experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block, having 3 replications. Four cultivars (i.e. Pirsabak-2005, Pakhtunkhwa-2015, Pakistan-2013 and DN-84) along with three advanced lines (i.e. P-2, P-12 and P-18) were compared for the crop growth seasons (i.e. 2017-18 and 2018-19). Average...

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed and Nasira Kazi

...and illustrated from village Sarai Naurang located in southern district Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population was identified as new species and related with Group 2 of Aphelenchoides species, distinguished via length of female’s body 428-444 µm (0.42-0.44 mm), cephalic region rounded and offset. Lateral field found with three incisures. Cuticle finely annulated, about 1µm apart. Stylet 10 µm (10±0), delicate ...

Erum Iqbal*, Firoza Kazi and Saboohi Raza

...e. They cause serious damage to many important agricultural crops and add to the problem of food security worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important economic cereal crop in the world and Pakistan stands in eighth position in global wheat production. The wheat crop is susceptible to several diseases and nematode pests. The most important nematode parasites are cereal cyst nematodes, root-knot nematodes, lesion nematodes, seed-gall nematodes a...

Phassakon Nuntapanich1*, Hathaichanok Nuntapanich2 and Woraman Maicharoen3

...security including encourage interaction between people in the community. The farmers in the study site obtain benefits from ecosystem services such as increasing income and maintaining food security (rice and fish) by using local wisdom. Therefore, to ensure sustainable development of rice-fish farming system in the TKR, these things should be implemented: (1) Enhancing the number of fish and biodiversity in paddy fields by reducing using chemical fertilizer ...

Ghassan Zahid1, 2*, Sara Iftikhar3, Muhammad Umer Farooq4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro5

...exogenous factors and managerial decisions, etc. So, to counter these fruit yield declining factors the use of advanced molecular markers is a handy option for the improvement of the fruit germplasm in Pakistan. Additionally, they also have diverse applications in the area of genetic diversity, varietal identification studies, hybrid detection, disease diagnostics and sex differentiation by administering the powerful diagnostic polymorphism detection tools at ...

Gamal Shawki1, Tawfek Mohamed Barakat1, Attia Mohamed Samy2, Ahmed Alhamed AL-Mejren2, Ayman Mesalam1* 

.... Nine fertile stallions aged 4–22 years were used for assessment of testicle biometry, sexual behaviors and semen quality collected using artificial vagina throughout the year. Our results showed a clear monthly differences with higher semen quality (P < 0.05) especially in semen volume, sperm count, livability, and motility during June and July. Similarly, the length, width, height and volume of testes as well as the width of total scrotum were high...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...i, number of alleles averaged 2.1162±0.3769. Shannon’s Information index (I) 0.6184±0.2447 and the effective number of alleles (Ne) averaged 1.6251±0.4604. Average observed, expected and average heterozygosities were found to be 0.5815±0.1059, 0.4330±0.5811 and 0.4331±0.5811, respectively. It was noted that...

Amjed Ali1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi2, Asif Nadeem3, Shumaila Hanif4, Sehrish Firyal1, Shagufta Saeed1, Ali Raza Awan1 and Muhammad Wasim1

Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1* 

...ding bacterial and viral agents. In Egypt, the prevalences of avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Mycoplasma spp. are high. Thus, co-infection with one or both viruses and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or Mycoplasma synovaie (MS) is thought to play an important role in the clinical severity of respiratory infections. In this study, we conducted a passive surveillance study for MG and MS among cases of viral respiratory affection...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3
...the growth rate and roughage utilization. In the first experiment, four male Charolais crossbred cattle (Charolais x Zebu crossbred) with 17.6±1.49 months of age and 255±30.1 kg live weight (mean±SD) were used in a 4x4 Latin square design. Four treatments were 47, 51, 55, and 59% NDF in diets (DM basis) corresponding to NDF47, NDF51, NDF55 and NDF59 treatments. In the second experiment, a total of 30 cro...

I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra1*, Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata2,  I Gede Mahardika1,  I Gusti  Nyoman Gde Bidura1

... be used as de-faunating agent in ruminants. In some areas, these plants commonly being used as an alternative feed for ruminant, particularly during the dry season, but the study of its effect was limited. This study aims to determine the effect of additional Hibiscus leaf flour (HLF) in the concentrate on protein balance, blood metabolic profile, and body composition of Etawah crossbreed goats. A total of 20 goats with an average
Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Oktovianus R. Nahak T.B., Gerson F. Bira, Adrianus Manek, Donatus Manek, Tobias Y. Purnama, Emanuel Bubun, Bergias Subay
...were 12 male Bali cattle aged between 2-2.5 years old, with the average initial body weight was 181.50±16.51 kg. The animals were divided into three groups according to the ration treatment used. The rations include T1 ration which contained standard crude protein and high energy (11% CP and 72% TDN), T2 ration which contained medium protein and high energy (13% CP and 72% TDN); and T3 ration which contained high prot...
Zayed Mohammad Ali I.1*, Mona Mohamdy1, M.F. Shehata1, Nasser Ghanem2
...ction under different management systems. Sixteen Abo-Deleek lambs aged six months were used in the present study. Experimental lambs were divided according to body weight into two similar groups and then randomly allocated to two different management systems, intensive (G1=22.31± 3.95kg) and semi-intensive (G2=22.34±1.98kg). At the end of the experiment, fourteen lambs were ...

Aiman Batool1, Muhammad Sohail Sajid1,2*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan3**, Asif Iqbal4, Imaad Rashid5, Ibadullah Jan6, Faiza Bano7, Fiaz Ahmad8, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1 

... and ectoparasites to manage the clinical, subclinical parasitic infection and vector transmitted diseases in a better way.

Keywords | Prevalence, Ecto-parasites, Endo-parasites, Risk factors, Small ruminants 

...

Barirah Rehman Talpur1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Imdad Hussain Leghari2, Mansoor Tariq1, Aisha Rehman3, Shahnawaz Kumbhar1 

...n broilers of four weeks age were divided into four subgroups each were given 0mg (control),50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg Sodium Fluoride /liter in water daily for 18 days. The clinical signs and mortality were noted. Blood was collected at days 0, 5, 10, 15 and 18 of experiment, for evaluation of liver and kidney functions. Dose and time dependent significant (p<0.05) increase in serum Alanine aminotransferase (GPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyl t...
Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree1*, Pornpan Saenphoom1, Sittichai Bunlue1, Silchai Washiraomornlert1, Warangkana Kitpipit2,3,4, Soranot Chotnipat1
... the feed intake and average daily gain of broilers (p < 0.05). The data showed that minimum supplementation of synbiotics from TABP at 10 g/kg in combination with probiotics (2 g/kg) in diets has the potential to improve digestibility, gut ecology, and productivity of broilers.
 
Keywords | Asparagus, Broiler, By-product, Feed additive, Synbiotics
...
Ade Djulardi1*, Robi Amizar2, Tigor Sanjaya1
...urnix coturnix japonica) aged 42 days with 10% egg production in the layer phase aged 6-9 weeks. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 3x2 factorial with four replications. Each replication consisted of 10 laying quails. The first factor is expired milk powder supplementation with three levels, namely 0%, 0.25%, and 0.50%. The second factor is the level of protein requirement w...

Mohamed El-Henfnawy*, Essam A. El-Gendy, Ahamed M. El-Kaiaty, Mostafa Helal 

...hts at 4 and 10 weeks of age. The line effects on body weight traits were significant and consistent except for 2-wk body weight. Also, significant sex effects were shown for body weights at all ages. The effect of sex on biweekly body weight gains and growth rates was significant for the traits from 0 to 4, 6 to 8, and 12 to 14 weeks of age. The line effect was significant for 0-2 and 2-4...
Chinar Mustafa Mohammed1*, Thamer M. Bashir1, Omar A.M. Al-Habib2, Farhad Ramadhan1, Mohammed Bassam1
...ine as a pharmacological agent against heart disease, including chronic heart failure. This study investigated the potential protective effects of taurine, on behavior and cardiovascular function in the male rat following arrhythmia induced by the social stressor. Here, we studied levels of heart electrical activity following experimental conditions: Cage control, social isolation in standard rat housing for 14 days, and pha...

Hany M.R. Elsherif1, Ahmed Orabi2, Hussein M.A. Hassan3, Ahmed Samy3*

...cass and dressing percentages of birds. The liver, heart, gizzard, and spleen were unchanged (% of body weight). Birds fed diets enriched with SF or SP had considerably (P<0.05) longer and wider guts than the control group, and scored zero in intestinal lesions scale. The addition of SF or SP were significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the lactobacillus count when compared to the control, while the quantity of Clostridium perfringens intestinal colonization was...

Tri Untari1*, Sitarina Widyarini2, Michael Haryadi Wibowo1, Marla Anggita1 

...l oil as immunostimulant agent during NDV challenge in vivo. Chickens were divided into seven groups of different treatment regimens. Group I - IV were vaccinated NDV while group V-VII were unvaccinated. Each group was treated with either red ginger powder (group I and V), ethanolic extract (group II and VI), essential oil (group III and VII). Group IV served as the untreated control. The analyses were done by measuring the NDV antibody titers using hemaggluti...

Abd El-Moniem Ali S. Mahgoub, Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Hafeez, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed*, Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy, Mohamed Ibrahim Nassar

.... Final body weight, average daily gain, growth rate, and body weight gain did not affect by sesban supplementation. Supplementation of sesban hay improved feed conversion to digestible crude protein (P < 0.002). The replacement of clover hay 10, 20, and 30% ratios of sesban hay did not affect most of the puberty parameters and semen characteristics. Economic efficiency was noticeably higher with an increasing level of sesban hay. It concluded that partial ...
Asmaa Khamis1, Osama Abdalla1, Mohamed Hashem2, Noha Abdelnaeim1*
...lign: justify;">Liver damage is recognized as a severe global health issue. Phyllanthus niruri (PN) and Plantago major (PM) are herbal plants that are supposed to have hepatoprotective properties. This study aimed to compare the effects of both medicinal plant extracts on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A total of 60 male albino rats were equally distributed in six groups. The first group received purified water and was kept as a control. Th...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

...yield and giblets percentage. A total of 100 one- d- old Arbor Acres CP 707 broilers was raised for 4 weeks of age. The birds were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The fermented seaweed was supplemented at the level of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % in the diets. The observed variables were live weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, percent
Gamalat Y. Osman1, Elham M. Hassan1*, Tarek A. Salem2, Azza H. Mohamed1
...rease in dead egg percentages and reduced mature egg count in oogram pattern as compared to infected control mice. Hepatic granuloma diameters in FWE treated infected mice were significantly reduced when compared to the infected control group. FEW also reduced the lymphocytic infiltration around the granulomatous tissue. It can be concluded that FWE exhibited anti-schistosomal and anti-inflammatory effects on infected mice.
 
Keywo...

Asmaa A. Badr, Eman A. Abo Elfadl, Mohammed M. Fouda, Sayed M. Elsayed

...ve Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Data of daily milk production (kg) of two farms were collected to get total milk production (kg) through 305 days during period of 2013-2021 during COVID-19 occurrence. The study employed stationary of data by checking out Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF). After confirming stationarity, Akaike information Criteria (AIC), Schwartz Bayesian Information Criteria (SBIC), Mean Abs...
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
... observed except heamorrhages in brain, congested liver, spleen, brain and muscles besides greenish content of the gizzard. The histopathological examination of lung, brain, liver, and trachea of these diseased quails revealed non-suppurative encephalitis, perivascular cuffing, congestion of hepatic sinusoids, degenerative changes in the hepatic cells and interstitial lymphocytic aggregations in the liver and focal pneumonic areas in the lung. Pooled samples f...

Asaad A. Fares1*, Mohamed M. Ghanem2, Yasein M. Abd El-Raof2, Hossam M. El-Attar2, Ameer A. Megahed2, Heba M. El-Khaiat2

... cows were fed a high-forage, low-energy diet. During the trial, cows were fed a diet formulated for late gestation (15CP, %35.7NDF, P % 0.5, and %1.2Ca) according to NRC, with a resulting DCAD (Na + K − Cl − S) of − 50mEq/ 100g of DM (negative DCAD). After calving, cows were fed a diet formulated for early lactation (%16.5CP, %32.4NDF, P %0.4) in feeding dairy cattle is a way to control the sudden decrease in serum Ca before and immediately ...

Hend K. Sorour, Mohammed A. M. Saleh, Azhar G. Shalaby* 

...elationships. The percentage of isolated E. coli was 25.5%. All isolates showed resistance to colistin in disc-diffusion assay, while in MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) method 68.8% exhibited resistance. Colistin was recorded as 33.7% in chicken breast by HPLC. Furthermore, mcr-1gene was detected 54% using PCR. Sanger sequencing revealed the same identity (100%) between the three examined strains despite coming from different sources. It could be conclu...

Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2

...ococcus suis is the main agent of streptococcosis in pigs, the infection is systemic with high morbidity and mortality, especially in young pigs. This disease causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. This study aims to determine the histopathological changes of meningoencephalitis and arthritis in post-weaning piglets suspected of streptococcosis. The samples were 35 cadaver of post weaning piglets that showed muscle spasm and swolle...

Avijite Sarker, Sharmeen Islam, S.M. Ariful Islam, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan*, Md Mukhlesur Rahman 

...asses to enhance the storage quality and nutrients of rice straw. Feeds were placed in plastic drums and sealed properly. The preparation was completed under room temperature following T0 (0% MFW), T1 (5% MFW), T2 (10% MFW), and T3 (15% MFW) to examine the physical qualities, metabolizable Energy (ME), in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and other nutritional properties, at different intervals (0, 30, 45, and 60 days). The organoleptic and physical cha...
Neeranoot Detcharoenyos1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Soontaree Petchdee2*
Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
...ed the efficacy of two phages, MHH6 and PR2, against Escherichia coli serotype O6 infected in chickens. A total of 420 broilers were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups. The negative control (NC) birds received no E. coli or phages, whereas the positive control (PC) birds were infected with E. coli only. The NC+MHH6 and NC+PR2 treatments received 109 pfu/ml of phages MHH6 or PR2, r...
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
...ck size (P<0.05). The age of respondents was not associated (P>0.05) with gender. Most (55.5%) male respondents as well as the majority of females (83.4%) had low awareness. The female respondents had lower biotechnology awareness than the males (p <0.001). The male respondents had significantly more favourable attitude evaluations than their female counterparts (p <0.01). The overall mean attitude scores for males (3.91±0.03) and females (3...

Aamir Ibrahim1, Bingyao Chen1, Hassan Ali2, Imran Ali3, Yang Cao1 and Guang Yang1*

...us River from Taunsa barrage (District Muzaffargarh, Tehsil Kott Addu) to just downstream of Ghazi Ghat near Samina (District Dera Ghazi Khan) in Punjab, Pakistan. We successfully photographed and first reported seven types of skin marks originated from their natural or social interactions and anthropogenic activities. Dead bodies of five calves were collected from two different subpopulations in the Punjab river section, two from the Chashma-Taunsa and three ...

Ghulam Abbas1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Saeed2*; Safdar Imran3, Ashgar Ali Kamboh4, Duraid KA Al-Taey5, Muhammad Asad Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran6, Muhammad Ashraf3, Muhammad Asif7, Abdul Jabbar Tanveer8, Razia Abdul Majid Qureshi9, Maria Arshad1, Hussain Ahmed Khan Niazi1, Muhammad Tariq10, Sikandar Abbas1 

...tant minerals. The advantages of using OA as feed additives greatly outweigh their disadvantages like decreased palatability. Organic acids can increase egg productivity and enhance the egg quality in layers. In broiler, use of OA is associated with improved weight of birds and feed conversion ratio. Dietary OA showed 1.85-8.48% increase in the FCR of chicken. Lactic acid fed 0.3 g/kg diet reduced Escherichia coli and Salmon...

Samia Azad1, Iram Liaqat1*, Riffat Iqbal1 and Uzma Rafi2

...ation of exposure. Shrinkage of sub mucosal tissue, enlarged flattened villi, increased apoptosis and degenerated nuclei alongwith missing cytoplasmic boundaries were observed at high concentration of exposure (0.4-1.0 ppm). Likewise, CdCl2 at high concentrations (0.6-1.0 ppm) had toxic effects kidneys and severe pyknosis, degenerated renal tubule, loss of cell integrity in complete tissue were observed. Pronounced degeneration of liver tissues, severe vacuoli...

Nur Prabewi , Supriyanto, Budi Purwo Widiarso* 

...t has some disadvantages such as antibiotic residues, low antioxidant and tenderness value, and protein instability upon heating, thus it needs special treatment. Marination is a flavored liquid that serves as the ingredients of the meat marinated, and is usually used to improve the yield and shelf-life of meat. The research aims to study the effect of herbal marination on the quality characteristics ...

Muhammad Musa1*, Saba Saeed2, Azher Mustafa2, Muhammad Ussama Yasin2, Saima Naseer2 and Iftikhar Haider3

...re found effective to manage PLRV with some variations, but maximum disease was managed by salicylic acid with 0.75% concentration. In case of nutrients application, both solutions were found to be effective against PLRV but macronutrients solution with 0.75% concentration was found more effective than micronutrients solution to manage PLRV. It is advised to get better results against PLRV...

Muhammad Zeeshan Nadeem1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1 and Muhammad Anwar ul Haq2

...oved by all seed priming agents over the control, but CaCl2 priming outclassed all other priming agents for all the attributes. For example, seed priming of CaCl2 ­increased plant height significantly during both years of study over the other priming agents. Similarly, maximum fodder yield during both growing seasons (67 t ha-1) was observed under CaCl2 seed priming. Likewise, fodder c...

Noor Muhammad Khan1,2, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*, Rashid Rehan2 and Iftikhar Zeb4

... setup. For T.l, the average uptake of copper (Cu) was 5.40 and 6.46 mg kg-1, similarly for the lead (Pb) average uptake was 4.55 and 4.55mg kg-1, while for nickel (Ni) the average uptake was, 2.80 and 2.76 mg kg-1 in ex-situ and in-situ plantation respectively. Whereas for A.d. the HM uptake was 3.22, 2.27, and 1.49 mg kg-1for Cu, Pb, and Ni, respectively in ex-situ plantation. The uptake...

Iqtidar Hussain1, Haroon Shahzad2*, Sami Ullah2*, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1 and Muhammad Rizwan3

... highlighted the weed management in maize and response of maize to herbicide mixture of Atrazine plus Mesotrion. The research was investigated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangements. The varieties were allotted to main plots and weed management practices were allocated in subplots. This study focused on the parameters about weed densities before and after weed manag...

Adimabua Mike Moemeka1, Ufuoma Godstime Sorhue1*, Sylvanus Ikenna Omeje2, Lawrence Bratte2, Raphael Onainor1, Okpara Oghenesuvwe2 

...mong treatments. The average total weight gain ranged from 13.22kg in T2 to 17.18kg in T1 followed closely by 16.44kg in T3. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatments for all the performance characteristics studied, except average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. Average daily weight gain was 0.24kg in T1 and 0.17kg in T2, while T3 had the highest gross...

Samina Malik1, Tahira Jabeen Ursani1, Naheed Mehmood Soomro1, Naeem Tarique Narejo2, Jawaid Ahmed Khokhar1* and Asif Soomro1

...rcadian behavior. Assemblage of spiders in the sugarcane filed studied under the umbrella of guild study clearly indicate that spiders are voracious predators and excellent biological control agents. Circadian rhythm is necessary for the adaptation in the environment. In present research diurnal behavior was more frequently found as compared with nocturnal.

...

Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6

...r meter value showed average +a* =2.7 and average +b* =13.0 for Bhakkar accessions, while for Layyah accessions these were 3.8 and 16.4, respectively. Such variation can strengthen jujube germplasm conservation, be able to provide strong basis for initiating conventional breeding programmes and can be helpful in biotechnology for gene transfer process. Management of natural plantation of Z...

Iftikhar Alam1*, Muhammad Ali2 and Muhammad Farooq3*

...ng students of different age categories, both male and female, from a variety of study disciplines at Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan. Data on food and physical activity were collected using a set of food and lifestyle photos, which were intended to describe various situations of on-campus food and active lifestyle environment. Students identified support and barriers for healthy eating. They also identified barriers and support for active life...

Mahreen Hanif*, Shafqat Saeed, Mudssar Ali, Muqadas Younas, Huda Bilal, Syeda Fatima Bukhari

...stify;">Post-harvest storage of chickpea in storage bags is commonly implemented practice, offers a chemical free tactics to control the stored grain pests. Barrier property of different types of packaging viz., polypropylene (green), polypropylene (white), polyethylene (gauge1), polyethylene (gauge 2), cotton, polymer, and china lamination were investigated in storage bag of chickpea agai...

Juweria Abid1, Hooria Latif2, Amir Sohail2, Saroosh Fatima Tahir Syed2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Tooba Asif4 and Muhammad Farooq5*

...n the adolescents’ age group including psychological health i.e., excessive dieting, stress from educational and academic pressure which makes them susceptible to extreme malnourishment. The sample consisted of 450 university students aged 20 to 25 years. It was observed that majority of the students were day-scholars (59.8%) due to which their daily eating routine was normal i.e. three meals per day and BMI ranges wer...

Hamdy Abdala Elnagar, Wael Mohamed Wafa*, Abdelaziz Mustafa Sakr, Mohammed Mahmoud Hegazy 

...their relationships with age advancing of Egyptian buffalo males from one up to 24 month of age. Blood samples were taken from 66 male buffalo calves at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 month of age (11 animals at every age). TES, leptin and PRL levels were determined in blood plasma. Results showed insignificant increase in TES and PRL by

Nawal Abd-elhafez Hassanain1, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan1*, Ahmed Maher1, Ahmed Badwi Yousif2, Gomaa Desoky Emam2 

...e and improve patient management by lowering treatment costs and removing other risks related with antibiotic misuse.

Keywords | Cross reactivity, Febrile, Malaria, Brucellosis, Typhoid fever  

...

Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amir Ismail5, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6, Abdul Waheed1* and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel7

... under semi-intensive management system (SIMS). Selected animals were divided into two comparable groups of 22 animals in each to determine the hormonal profile. G1 was composed on lactating non-pregnant while G2 had newly bred she camels. Blood samples from G1 was collected at first day of trial, while G2 animals blood collection was done at day 14th and 21st day post mating. All the blood samples were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for five min; serum was collected...

Ahmad Ali1, Zaib Ullah2, Muhammad Javaid Asad1*, Muhammad Rafi3, Muhammad Maqsood4 and Sajid Mahmood5,6

...on of the equivalent vintage check. Photodynamic therapy is developing as a potential solution for masses malignancies. The purpose of this task changed into to find the reasonable total of acknowledgment of photosensitizer as medication and portion of laser moderate which may likewise also in addition additionally reason most extreme harmful cell absence of ways of life in vitro and afterward in vivo through the method of way of the utilization of creature mo...

Heba Abdo Basha1, Walaa Slouma Hamouda Abd El Naby2*, Samya Erian Ibrahim3, Abeer Fikry Elnahas2 

...he carcass weight percentage didn’t change significantly for high or low body weight. While carcass cuts percentage increased in high body weight birds compared to low weight. We conclude that no association was present between the SNPs recorded neither at MSTN coding region nor at IGF-2-3’UTR and the body weight or carcass traits. Further studies are needed to associate these SNPs with different growth st

Mohamed. E. Taha1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Ahmed I. Ahmed2, Amany Adel3, Salama Rehab4,5*, Nabila Osman2** 

...tian H9N2 viruses G1 lineage in the group B and the Israeli strains. Although the strains are low pathogenic, the presence of mammalian binding amino acid markers indicated their public health concern. Overall conclusion indicated that AIV (H9N2) still circulates among poultry farms in the Southern Egypt. Furthermore, isolated strains were closely related to strains of Israel, Middle East and Asia.

Keywords | Avian Influenza, H9N2, Broiler chickens, Re...

Faiza Saleem1, Aly Khan2*, Rafia Rehana Ghazi3, Nasira Khatoon1, Samina Waheed1, Mian Sayed Khan4
...caris larvae. On the average 40 to 48 percent of the larvae found were alive. Five thousand worms in just 4 fish can be very harmful and may lead to further decline in the population of host fish.

...

Nishant Shah1*, Rakesh Kumar Yadav1, Anil Gautam1*, Shambhu Shah1 and Mohan Kumar Gupta2

...mmunosuppression that manages susceptibility of E. coli. When the maximum level of ammonia was produced i.e., on day 34, intra-nasal administration of E. coli of strain χ7122 (serotype 078: K80:H9) at pathogenicity amount (9.4 x 105 cfu E. coli per bird) was done and morbidity and mortality rate was also recorded. The significantly minimum ammonia (ppm) was recorded in CRH (30.53±0.77); however, the maximum ammonia (ppm) was recorded in RH (49.78&pl...

Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Ghulam Murtaza Kaleri2, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1,3, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Zeeshan Rasheed1

... necessary for better management. Accordingly, life table and fertility schedule studies of FAW were conducted under laboratory conditions on maize leaves and stems. Three cohorts comprised of 131, 112 and 105 eggs of similar age were used for both leaves and stems. The results indicated that maximum mortality of FAW in both maize stems and leaves were recorded in pupa and 1st larval instar, respectively whereas, maximum sur...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Hamza Latif1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Gulfam Yousuf1 and Muhammad Afzal2

...ed in integrated pest management programs of FAW.

 

...

Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5 

...the herd reproduction management was applied to all treated cows. Results showed that different bacterial species were isolated (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella). The infection is either a single infection (Staphylococcus only), or a mixed infection, while the control group has no bacterial growth. Staphylococcus was the only microorganism responsible for the single infection. Infection with Staphylococcus and E. coli has a high...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Mansoor Khan Khattak1 and Ahmad Khan2

...lign: justify;">Deep tillage, is performing tillage operations below 20 cm depth, has countless benefits in rain-fed areas but the recent problem in the deep tillage is the loss of nutrients. Various techniques have been studied for declining the loss of nutrients. Therefore, this research was carried out in the University Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan to ...

Nkana Kontchiachou J. Gwladys1, Kouamo Justin2, Vemo Bertin Narcisse3*, Mweugang Ngouopo Nathalie4, Wang-Baa Temoa Christophe1, Awantu Christian Funwi1, Semi Yam Alphonsius1, Kenne Noubissie Christèle5, Tendonkeng Fernand5

...til 8 weeks old. At this age, 30 young guinea pigs (15 males and 15 females) were randomly selected (5 males and 5 females per treatment) and slaughtered. Blood was collected in tubes containing anticoagulant (EDTA), for the evaluation of haematological parameters, and in dry tubes, for the dosage of serum biochemical parameters. The main results revealed that the number of total white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and...
Bulkaini*, Syamsuhaidi, Yusuf Sutaryono, Djoko Kisworo, Sukirno, Sukarne, Tapaul Rozi
...hickens with a slaughter age of 45-49 days. Ninety heads from a chicken slaughterhouse in Mataram City, sixty heads from a chicken slaughterhouse in West Lombok Regency and forty-one heads from Sumbawa Regency. Determination of broiler chicken samples in each Regency was done by random sampling method. Research variables such as live weight, carcass weight and percentage, offal weight and percentage<...

Duong Thanh Hai1*, Tomas J. Acosta2, Tran Thi Minh Tu3

...cted at the follicular stage (days 19-21), and exposed to Cs (300 nM) or Cs (300 nM) combined with oxytocin (OT, 100 nM) in the presence or absence of PF1000 in 4 h. The PGE and PGF secretion in cultured endometrial tissue did not affected by Cs and Cr converted from Cs. PGE and PGF production regulated by OT was higher in the presence than in the absence of PF1000 indicating that PGE and PGF production stimulated by OT was suppressed by Cr converted from Cs. ...
Yasmin M.M. Mahmoud
...pre-calving, with an average body weight of 39.33±1.41 kg at the start point of the feeding trial and at the 3rd to 4th milking seasons. Experimental diets were used to estimate the effect of partially replacing berseem hay (BH) with broccoli by-products (BB) in goats, rations on nutrient digestibility, milk production, some physiological properties of blood and hematological profile. Animals were randomly divided individually into three comparable grou...

Sri Melia1*, Indri Juliyarsi1, Yulianti Fitri Kurnia1, Evy Rossi2, Hurriya Alzahra3

...udy consisted of three stages: (1) isolation, identification of LAB obtain from whey, a by-product of cheese production, morphology, physiology, and biochemistry; (2) in vitro probiotic characteristics testing, including survival at pH 3, resistance to 0.3% bile salt media, and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli: O157, Pseudomonas, Listeria inokua, and Klebsiella pneumonia; and (3) Molecular identification of LAB by analysis of the base sequence o...
Aiman Al Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Haitham Al Masruri3
...ighteen ewes with an average weight of 50.3 ± 1.80 kg and aged 2.5 - 3.0 years were randomly allocated into three equal groups (six/group). The 1st and 2nd groups were assigned to Moringa oleifera treatments up to 50 and 100 g respectively and the 3rd group was used as a negative control. The 1st and 2nd groups were subjected to heat stress for three hours from 12:00 to 3:00 pm for three consecutive days. Before and a...

Teguh Wahyono1,2*, Wahidin Teguh Sasongko3, Wijaya Murti Indriatama4, Setiawan Martono5, Slamet Widodo3, Widhi Kurniawan6, Muhamad Nasir Rofiq7

... wilting treatment on silage quality and in vitro degradability of whole-plant sorghum. Three sorghum varieties (Numbu, Super 1 and Samurai 1) were ensiled either fresh or wilted and evaluated in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Based on sensory evaluation, colour, smell and sensory index increased after wilting treatment (P < 0.01). Based on chemical quality, pH and NH3-N values were lower in wilted groups than in unwilting sorghum sil<...

Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4

...tates of Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select (160) respondents. The primary data were collected through structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, statistical tools such as budgeting technique and logitistic regression were used. Results of the budgeting technique showed that each farmer of the FBS approach had a mean profit of ₦ 81,134.65 with a cost benefit ratio of 1.09. The results of logistic regression revealed that the

Muhammad Luqman1*, Adeel Mustafa1, Sheer Abbas2, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehomood1 and Raheel Saqib3

...ed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Data depicts that the maximum number of respondents were belonging to the age category of above 40 years of age and 70 respondents were recorded as illiterate. There were 75% of respondents (148) who claimed that there are multiple major income sources. The respondents who had a low level of poverty and a high level of poverty were th...

Farzana Begum* and Gohar Ayub

...e effect of harvesting stages i.e. (mature pod of turning stage, brown undried stage and brown dried stage) on seed yield and quality attributes of okra sown at different dates (March 10, March 30, April 19 and May 9) at Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab Peshawar, during 2016 and 2017. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrange...

Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5

...cy distributions, percentages, and paired T-tests were used to analyze and present the data. Results indicate that time spent on cooking and fuel collection significantly reduced after biogas adoption; and it also generates opportunity of alternative activities in saved time, and enhances fuel energy consumption pattern. Biogas technology brings improvement in the economic condition in terms of reduced expenditure (on buying other fuel energy materials and on ...

Saima Mehar1 and Salma Javed2*

...conditions. The second stage juveniles (J2) were exposed at 24, 48 and 72 hours in different concentrations of plant extracts. During in-vitro condition inhibition of egg hatchability and J2 juveniles’ mortality varied according to the concentration of plant extract. WC=1 showed 100% mortality after 48 hrs of exposure at 1% with the lethal concentration (LC50) values 0.168 mg/land all four concentration are 100 % toxic at 72 h of exposure. W-56D proved t...
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3*, Osfar Sjofjan2, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
...used were Mojosari ducks aged 20–28 weeks reared for eight weeks on the experimental diet. The Curcuma longa flour used was produced by Balai Materia Medika, Batu District and the liquid probiotics used contained Lactobacillus sp. bacteria in concentration of 1.4 x 1010 CFU/ml. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications was employed, with each experimental unit consisting of eight Mojosari ducks. The treatments consisted of ...

Mohamed E. El-Speiy1, Tarek A. Sadak1, Mohamed A. Abd-Elaal1, Ayman M. Khalifah2, Amr S. Morsy2*

...8 male Baldi red rabbits aged 5 weeks were assigned to 6 treatments. Treatments were (1) control diet, (2) 50 mg (AG)/kg DM (AG1), (3) 100 mg (AG)/kg DM (AG2), (4) 100mg ZnSO4/kg DM (Zn), (5) 50 mg (AG) + 100 mg ZnSO4/ kg DM (AG1Zn) and (6) 100 mg (AG) + 100 mg ZnSO4/ kg DM (AG2Zn). Feeding AG2, AG1Zn, and AG2Zn recorded higher growth performance traits than control. The Zn, AG1Zn, and AG2Zn enhanced all apparent digestibility coefficient parameters compared t...

Xing Lu1, Mahmoud A.O. Dawood2, Fan Wu1, Hua Wen1, Wei Liu1, Juan Tian1, Ming Jiang1, Li-Juan Yu1, Xiang Li3, Ning Xu3 and Hong-Wei Liang1*

...turtles with initial average weight (394.4 ± 3.8 g) for 8 weeks. Our results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of Chinese soft-shelled turtles increased linearly with increasing dietary L-carnitine levels from 0 to 200 mg kg-1, but declined slightly with the L-carnitine supplementation at 400 mg kg-1. Muscle protein content was significantly increased when turtles were fed diets with 200 or 400 m...
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Misbah Rizwan2, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Zeeshan3, Hamza Latif3, Usama Bin Khalid1, Shawaiz Iqbal1
... short-term N. lugens management in organic rice production.

...

Yasmin M. M. Mahmoud* 

...aning at three months of age and used in a comparative feeding trial to estimate the effect of supplementation of dried chicory herb leaves (DCHL) in their diets on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, some blood parameters and hematological profile. Animals were chosen with an average body weight 15.40±1.99kg and divided randomly into three similar groups (8 kids/each). The 1st group (G0) was fed the control d...
Dalia M. Aboelhassan1*, Inas S. Ghaly1, Noha E. Ibrahim2, Nermeen M. Shaffie3, Mariam G. Eshak1, Aboelfetoh M. Abdallah4, Ibrahim M. Farag1
..., and induces massive damage to the histological architectures of liver and kidney tissues. In contrast, FCE treatment with different doses (3.3 g/Kg., 4.2 g/kg. and 5.0 g/kg) can inhibit the upregulation of such gene expressions and enhance the histopathological changes of liver and kidney organs. These ameliorations increase by increasing the dose of FCE, through its utilization either as a protective or therapeutic agent....

Alsi Dara Paryuni1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto2, Tri Untari3 and Sitarina Widyarini4*

...ts. Twenty cats with the age of 6-12 months were used in this study. Determination of dermatophyte infection in cats based on clinical signs and laboratory identification of fungi. Skin scrapes samples were cultured onto Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium. Hair and skin scraping were conducted at the day-1 (pre-treated with ketoconazole). Subsequently, infected cats were treated with topical application of 2% ketoconazole cream, twice a day for 21 days. Re...
Zeinab R. Aboezz1*, Ayman S. El-Habbaa1, Rania S. El-Mohamady2, Samia A. Elnagar2, Ehab M. El-Nahas1
...at the primary causative agent was HoBi-like Pestivirus. Our HoBi-like Pestivirus strain, Egypt-020-1ncp, BVDV-Egypt-020-3ncp and BVDV-Egypt-020-2ncp, shared 99.6% homology with BVD3- B1-AU, 99.2% with BVD3- B5-3-MX and BVD3-G2-BR, 98% with BVD3- Hobi-like virus SA-2016-04 and 95% with BVD3- Italy-68-13ncp isolated in Australia, Mexico, Brazil, South America, and Italy. Multiple area of mutations a long 5′ UTR amplicon, were observed by alignment of BVDV...

Amany R. Sultan1, 2, Gamal A. Morsi2, Hoda El-Fayoumi1, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki1*

... able to cause severe damage to the tomato crop and is very difficult to control. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate seasonal population dynamics of the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta and its parasitoids as well as the rate of parasitism, the parasitoids assemblages and the relative impact of parasitoids on its population over two seasons on tomato in the experimental farm of the Agriculture Research Center,...
Basel A. Abokhadra, Samah M. Mosad, Sahar Abd El Rahman*
...CEs) for three blind passages. The CAMs showed thickening and congestion at 1st passage and typical pock lesions appeared at 3rd passage. Indirect immunofluorescent technique (IFT) was used for confirmation of BoHV-1 presence in CAM; the CAM with clear pock lesions showed yellowish-green fluorescence under the fluorescent microscope. The phylogenetic tree constructed from partial sequencin...
Genevieve R. Tabon1,2, Noraine P. Medina2, Mary Rose D. Uy-De Guia3, Claro N. Mingala2,3*
...s homozygote AA. The average litter size of the 30 PNP is 7.07 which is relatively higher than the average litter sizes of Nepal native pigs which ranges from 2 to 6. Moreover, the average litter size of the Philippine breed is also higher than the 5.0 average litter size of Tibetan pig breed which is one of the common breeds of pigs for commercial pig p...

Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin2, Asad Ali Khan2, Dawood Ahmad4, Ikram Ullah5, Faiq Ahmad2, Sajjad6 and Sikandar Azam1

...nducted at Fodder and Forage Crops Section Harichand- Charsadda, Pakistan. The field experiment was conducted on 7 July 2021. Two levels of P (90 and 120 kg ha-1) and three levels of Zn (0 i.e., water spray only, 2.5 and 5 kg ha-1) were applied at three growth stages, full at vegetative stage (V6), full at reproductive stage (R2) and ½ at V6 and &...

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

...covy and Pekin breeds at ages ranging from 2 to 4 weeks and located in two Egyptian governorates between August and October 2018. The affected ducks were suffering from a short course of nervous signs, and mortality was high, reaching 75% within 3–4 days. Implementation of one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for processed livers using specific primers aiming the 3D gene of duck hepatitis A virus-1 (DHAV-1) showed the output ...

Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Minh Thanh Tram1, Thi Thu Pham1, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Khanh Ly Nguyen1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Cong Thieu Pham3, Nguyen Khang Duong4 

...separated into a sub-lineage from maternal lineage B. Further insights regarding the genetic diversity of Vietnamese local goats require detailed in-depth studies.

Keywords | Local goat, D-loop, Mitochondrial DNA, Genetic divergence, Phylogeny 

...

Hui Xu1,*, Ronghua Luo1, Yaping Duan1, Mingjia Chen1, Jiaxu Zhou1 and Xiaoli Shao2

...ofiberoscope-assisted lavage combined with azithromycin in regulating the pulmonary function and Th17/Treg of peripheral blood in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). From January 2018 to January 2020, 114 children with MPP in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group, each containing 57 cases. The control group was given azithromycin. The experimental group was given fibrobronchoscope-assisted la...

Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6

..., due to the improper managemental system, and the prevalence of COD is 10-13% which is associated with selection, heredity, age, environment, improper nutrition, herd size, housing, high milk production, body condition score, lactation period, seasons, retained placenta, stress, metabolic disorders and hormonal imbalance. COD is generally at highest from 30 to 60 days of postpartum. The exact pathogenesis of COD is still no...

Xiaowei Huang1, Jinji Wang1, Zhun Yu2, Minghua Duan1* and Zhe Lin1*

...iddot;d, intragastric gavage once a day for 14 days). On the 15th day, all other groups received 60Co γ-ray irradiation with a total dose of 4.0 Gy except the normal group. The levels of NO synthase (NOS) and NO in serum, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in kidney of each group were detected with ELISA after 24 h of irradiation, and the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, phosphorylated (p-)Smad2, p-Smad2, p-Smad...

Madiha Khalil1, Amjad Farooq1, Asim Faraz2*, Abdul Waheed2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2

Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Ayesha Safder Chaudhry1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1,3, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob3*, Mudassir Hussain4, Farrukh Saleem3 and Muhammad Fayaz3
... carnivores such as blockage, peritonitis, tumors and diverse local injuries and lesions are corrected by resection of the intestine. Twelve cats were subjected to 3 variable degrees of jejunal resection, i.e. group A (20%) and group B (40%), while group C (0%). Sampling was performed on days 0, 15, and 30 to test various clinical and biochemical parameters. Results showed weight loss in all groups until day 15 post-surgery while in group A and C gradual weigh...
Muhammad Zaeem Abbas1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Amjad Islam Aqib2, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab1, Muzafar Ghafoor1, Muhammad Usman Naseer3, Ali Abbas4 and Ali Hassan1
...ore, in third parity and aged buffaloes were more prone to ketosis. These results highlight the occurrence of ketosis in buffaloes and offers an action plan to mitigate the risk of ketosis which may result in better production in livestock.

...
C.A. Angel-Sahagún1, J.E. Ortega Palomares1, A.A. Hernández-Rangel1, C. Cruz-Vázquez2, R. Montesinos-Matias3, M. Valencia-Posadas1 and A.M. Cruz-Avalos4*
...ed as biological control agents.

...

Jawaid A. Khokhar*, T. J. Ursani, Fareeda Memon, Samina Malik, Asif Soomro and Fareeda Shah

...tion to this bio-control agent is the reason to conduct research in District Mirpurkhas, Sindh (May to Oct 2018). Total 319 specimens were collected and arranged into 06 genera and 08 species along with morphometrics of 40 oothecae which were sorted and a few healthy were allowed for hatching at the advanced research laboratory of Arachnology and Entomology. The collected samples were kept at an Average temperature and humid...

Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Irfan Baboo2*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan4, Hamid Majeed5, Azra Anwer1, Zahid Farooq2, Muhammad Altaf6 and Moazam Jalees7

...uatic environment and management of aquatic toxicity.

...

Tinda Afriani*, Zaituni Udin, James Hellyward, Endang Purwati, Adisti Rastosari, Dwiki Wahyudi 

...ers including the percentage of motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and acrosome intact (AI). The result revealed that the average motility, PMI and AI of sperms bearing X- and Y-chromosome in the albumin gradient method was 58.33±10.32% and 60.83± 13.57%, 53.63±16.54% and 52.76± 8.88%, and 53.00±7.93% and 54.08±8.76%, respectively. In swim-up method the aver

Tooba Ather1, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2*, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub3, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Muhammad Akram2, Naveeda Anjum4, Muhammad Rizwan6, Hafeezur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5

...CMBat Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during 2016. The results revealed that mortality of 3rd instar of P. solenopsis increased with increase in concentration of Pyriproxyfen and Buprofezin at three days of post application interval (PAI). Pyriproxyfen 0.5% and Buprofezin at 2% concentration induced mortality of P. solenopsis up to (82.52%) and (87.60%) respectively at PAI of 3 days after ...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Saad1, Said Ghulam2 and Azmat Ullah1

...f yield at a reduced tillage cost and site specific potassium nutrition is much important for higher cotton yield and lint quality. The experiment was in a split-plot design and replicated thrice. Tillage system (i.e. reduced and conventional) was main plot treatment and potassium levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 & 250 kg ha-1) sub-plot. K-levels were applied 50, 100, 150, 200, and 200 kg ha-1 as soil application treatments ...

Khalid Khan1*, Ahmed Farhan Saeed2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3 and Saima Liaqat4

...stan; Pakistan. A multistage random sampling method was adopted to select the samples of 75 farmers from five tehsils of Lasbela namely Hub, Gadani, Uthal, Dureji, and Bela. Around 15 farmers were randomly selected and questioned in each of the tehsil. To achieve the objectives of study nonparametric correlation coefficient test and regression analysis are carried out. The study accentuated various factors which are responsible for the adaptation of poultry te...

Masudul Haq Wani and Arshad Bhat*

...rom 7.42 to 33.00 percentage as towards 10.84 to 38.70 at national level. During last two decades, developed districts based on per capita income such as Srinagar and Jammu have shown low growth in urban population. The study make a sound point that in the UT the up rise in urban population was not observed in old cities like Jammu and Srinagar but the less advanced districts like Kupwara, Kargil and Leh. The study further reveals that as income rises, expendi...

Dede Kardaya*, Dewi Wahyuni, Elis Dihansih 

... were reared in battery cages for five weeks. Measurements were taken on meat physical quality (pH, water binding capacity, cooking loss, tenderness) and chemical quality (moisture content, protein, fat, ash, and phosphorus) parameters. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and a Duncan’s multiple range test. Results revealed that meat cooking loss and fat content were significantly lowered (P<0.05) in ducks treated with treatment rations. No...

Muhammad Ajmal Khan1, Muhammad Yahya2*, Ali Hazrat2, Javed Khan3, Saeed Jan4, Tabinda Nowsheen2 and Inam Ullah5

...hlighted the potential usage of methanolic leaves extract of T. camphoratum as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent and an antioxidant source in food and pharmaceutical industry.

...

Umair Faheem1*, Qurban Ali2, Mussurat Hussain1, Abrar Ahmad3, Tamsila Nazir2, Ghayour Ahmad3, Idrees Ahmad3, Madiha Mobeen4, Hammad Hussnain3 and Nadia Hussain Ahmad3

...ticides need to be encouraged to avoid their deleterious effects on beneficial insects.

...

Syed Wajahat Husain Jaafry1* and Amber Fatima2

...ugh many mediums like damage induced warnings, call for predators, root secretion, and volatile signaling. We found that most of the research has been executed in a controlled environment with a continuous supply of nutrients and water; more field studies should be conducted to assess the behavior of related/ non-related conspecifics. Furthermore, not many studies have focused on kin related plant communication via volatile signals, protein interaction and cue...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Chairul Rahman Arif, Dian Kurniawati, Akhmad Dakhlan 

...2021 at Gisting Atas Village, Gisting District, Tanggamus Regency. This study used a survey method using primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interview questionnaires and measuring the weaning weight of goats. Secondary data was obtained from weaning weight data in the recording. The observed variables were birth weight, weaning weight, weaning age, age of the dam at ...

Ochieng Onunga George*, Owuor Ndonga Millicent Florence, Mario Kollenberg  

...ational Environmental Management Authority and researchers.

Keywords | Abattoirs, Abattoir wastes, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites 

...

Ahmed Abd El-Salam1*, Yasser Hamouda1, Salah El-Safty2, Ahmed El-Attar2

...tested at four different ages (22, 33, 43, and 64). The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in egg shell quality between the W-36 and brown hy-lines.Strain and age had a substantial impact on Egg weight, Egg length, Egg width, Shap index, Specific Gravity, Albumen height, Albumen weight, Yolk diameter, Yolk index, Yolk weight, Yolk percent, Yolk albumen ratio, Wet shell weight, and Shell percent, accordin...
Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini*, Ali Basim Abd Al-Hadi
...pregnancies) between the ages of 3 and 4 years were evaluated. The body measurements and the live body weight of each animal were determined. This study revealed that lamb sex significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the live body weight of Awassi ewes. Association analysis of lamb sex with body measurements of pregnant ewes, including singleton and twin, showed that male pregnant Awassi ewes had higher body dimensions than the female pregnant Awassi ewes. There...
Eman M. Aboelela1, Mohamed A. Sobieh2, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Doaa S. Farid4, Essam S. Soliman2*
...ts concerning some host, agent, and environmental determinants. A cross-sectional study was designed to last for four successive seasons from September 21st, 2020 to September 20th, 2021. A total of 1393 cats and 1511 dogs were admitted and examined for parasitic infestations. PPinfestations revealed highly significant (P < 0.01) increases during fall and spring and fall in dogs and cats respectively; at < 1-year dogs and cats during all seasons; and dur...

Peyman Mohammadzadeh1*, Aida Rasuli2, Bahman Noroozi Gorgani2, Sajjad Mohammadi3

... orbits, subdural hemorrhage with edema and shifting of the mid-line to the left, frontal lobe with severe hemorrhagic discharge in the ventricles, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and exclusion of berry aneurysm in vertebral arteries, traumatic tear due to intracranial and intraspinal courses, temporal were seen. Due to unilateral brain herniation, the tonsillar hernia was associated with hemorrhage<...

Lyudmila Yakovlevna Rodionova*, Irina Valeryevna Sobol, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Donchenko, Artem Vasilevich Stepovoy  and Andrey Georgievich Koshchaev

...after harvesting and storage for 90 days are shown. To assess the quality indicators of pectin substances, their analytical characteristics are determined – the content of free carboxyl groups, methoxyl, and acetyl components. The high content of galacturonic acid determines the technological significance of pumpkins as raw materials for the production of functional food products. The established etherification degree allows considering pumpkins as a raw...

Ayesha Khan*, Mohammad Tariq Aziz, Urooba Pervaiz and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...ection of sample multi stage sampling method was used and respondents were selected from three villages namely Hajizai, Katozai and Batagram of tehsil Shabqadar. A sample of 112 respondents was drawn through proportional allocation technique based on 10% of total 1120 registered farmers. A pre-tested and well-developed interview schedule was used to collect primary data. Statistical Package

Khaliq Dad1, Fenliang Zhao2, Rumsha Hassan3, Kainat Javed3, Humaira Nawaz4, Muhammad Usman Saleem5, Tahreem Fatima6 and Muhamad Nawaz3*

...ers in the people of all ages. Similarly these pesticides cause serious threats to the aquatic ecosystem after their release by comprising different toxic substances, heavy metals and contaminants. This review paper has focused on the toxic nature of different pesticides, impacts and their possible refinement strategies from the environment as well as ways to minimize their impacts on plants and animals as adverse impacts of pesticides have also been observed ...

Amina Batool1*, Saba Aleem1, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Waheed Arshad1, Muhammad Aslam2, Shiraz Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan3

...tem, it can be easily managed. An indiscrimination in seeding rate can lead to higher production cost but will also result in decline of crop yield and quality. Hence, the present experiment was designed to establish the optimal seeding density of three different wheat genotypes (Fatehjang-2016, Dharabi-11 and 16FJ17) of the Barani Areas to attain maximum economic yield. The research experiment was managed in split amidst th...

Zohair S. Mulla1*, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez2 

...eef burger, and beef sausage retailed in Saudi Arabia. Bacteriological examinations involved the estimation of total bacterial count (TBC), total psychrophilic count (TPsC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, and MPN of E. coli. In addition, isolation, and identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli were further conducted. An experimental trial was done for improvement of the bacteriological status of the ground beef using diluted acetic acid, citric...

Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Asif Sadam2, Karim Gabol1, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Sajid Mahmood4, Mustafa Kamal5, Hamid Ullah6, Syed Abidullah7, Muhammad Tufail8, Bashir Ahmad4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1

...opened their eyes on average after 3.27±0.4 days of hatching. Their wing and tail feathers grew on an average of 3.8±0.3 day of age. On the 8th day, their average morphometry (cm) was: body length 6.7±0.1, wingspan 4.8±0.1, tail feathers 0.8±0.7, beak 0.7±0.3, chest 2±0.1, legs 2.02±0.5, middle claw...

Lin Li1,2, Pingsheng Ye1, Xi Chen1, Shuping Yan1 and Yuanshu Zhang1*

... high concentrate/low forage (HC/LF) diets cause a dramatic decline in milk fat secretion. Hepatic lipid metabolism is active when ruminant is on lactation period. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver metabolism adaptation to high-concentrate diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD). Six Saanen dairy goats were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a high-forage (HF) diet or a high- concentrate (HC) diet. The hi...

Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali

...pare conservation and management strategies in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The diet analysis was done through crop contents of kalij pheasants, threats were assessed through field surveys, communities meeting, and data from 250 questionnaires during April 2020 and March 2021. Based on analysis of threats data, conservation management strategies are recommended. The diet analysis showed that mostly the kalij consumes pl...

Asma Fatima*, Ghulam Abbas and Shahnaz Rashid

...d and the highest percentage was found in the month of November (18.559%) and July (16.560%), respectively. The optimal range of physicochemical parameters of the pond water with planktonic diversity indicates the productivity of water which is crucial for the growth of pond biota during pisciculture activities.

...

Qian Chong1, Muhammad Mohsin2*, Zhu Ting1, Chen Qiqi1 and Ana Mehak3

...ch would help fishery managers. For this, authentic data, 1999 – 2018, collected from Fishery Yearbooks of China was statistically evaluated through depletion models (DMs). In principle, three models, viz., Fox (FM), Schaefer (SM), and Pella-Tomlinson (PTM) of surplus production models (SPMs), a specialized form of DMs, were used and compared for getting the better-fitted model to draw results. SPMs were applied with the help of computer-based fishery an...
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1*, Khalid Mehmood2,4, Shakeel Ahmed3, Fazul Nabi4, Muhammad Arif Rizwan1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Mushtaq Ahmed1, Abdul Waheed1 and Jiakui Li5
... 14 post-hatch. Liver damage caused by thiram was analyzed through levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD; GSH-Px) and serum biomarkers and the protective effects of the medicine was assessed through these values. Results showed that VEGF mRNA levels were significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated; however, the Flk-1 receptor levels were down-regulated in TD-affected birds significantly (P< 0.05) as compared with the control group. Furthermore, thiram induction als...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
...he effect of oro-nasal phage delivery on bacterial population. As prophylaxis, oral phage delivery via drinking water and feed resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in bacterial numbers with a mean log101.43, log101.17, log101.92 and log101.625 on 3rd and 6th dpc, respectively. The least reduction was seen in the birds that received cocktail intranasally showing log100.85 on the 3rd day. As a delayed treatment, o...

Ehab A. Fouad1*, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik2 , Eman H. Abdel-Rahman3

...ore than one year of storage at -20 ºC. The current study introduces effective way for S. aureus mastitis diagnosis through the using of purified fraction instead of the classical way.
 
Keywords | Staphylococcus aureus, Affinity column chromatography, Antigen, SDS-PAGE, Indirect ELISA
...

Tasya Nur Karina1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Tri Eko Susilorini2, Muhammad Halim Natsir2*

...rch used 125 laying hens aged 26 weeks, consisting of five treatments and five replications. Data analysis from this study Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results show that the treatments had no significant effect (p >0.05) on production performance and egg physical quality. To sum up, using date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has positive effect on the growth performance and egg quality of ISA BROWN laying hen...

Amira Adel Taha AL-Hosary1, Walaa Mostafa2* 

...l findings revealed that age and season significantly affected the prevalence of ear mange in cats (P<0.05). Young cats (less than a year old) were more infested (87.57%) than older cats (50%). Infestation rates were highest during cold months (84.44%). Sex and breeds had a non-significant effect on the infestation rate (P>0.05). According to the results of the clinical trials, the combination between Frontline® and BARS® ear drops was the most e...

Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan1*, Qamar Iqbal1, Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Fayaz2, Abdul Kabir2,3, Eid Nawaz2, Marjan Ali2, Shumaila Manzoor2 

...sp;

...

Murat Durmuş* and Nazan Koluman

...which closest to the average live weight of each group in the final of the fattening period were slaughter and then carcass parameters were evaluated. According to the obtained results, there was no statistically significant difference between lambs and kids in terms of initial and final live weights and feed conversion ratios (P>0.05). However, the difference between the two species with regard to feed consumption and live weight gains during the 8-week fa...
Idrissa Sacko1, Madou Dao1, Souleymane Sanogo1,2*, B. Michel Orounladji2, Kaly Diakité1, Diakaridia Traore3, Mamadou D. Coulibaly1, Amadou B. Cisse1
...croscopy with a direct image transfer system on screen, respectively. Sperm concentration and total sperm count in ejaculate were determined by microscopy using single chamber Neubauer cell. Results show that ejaculate volume was influenced (p < 0.05) by individual (buck). Besides, individual and period of collection had no impact (p > 0.05) on mass motility. However, the period of collection significantly (p < 0.05) affects ejaculate volume, vitality...

Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1, Atta Hussain Shah1*, Gul Bahar Khaskheli1, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Ghulam Shabir Bahram1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1 

... various disease-causing agents, fungi has remained prominent making foods unsafe and insecure. Food and feed contamination by mycotoxins are among key factors creating food insecurity. There are various forms of aflatoxin (AF) occurring in foods of plant origin (B1, B2, G1, and G2) and animal origin (M1 and M2). Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a geno-toxic carcinogen and is less lethal but it is still cytotoxic. The present study was conducted on prevalence and quanti...

Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*

...sing more habitats to forage and facing increased intensity of anthropogenic disturbance. Usually feeding in a large flock could provide safety by the vigilance partners through coordinated and synchronous vigilance modes. In this paper, we aimed to shed light on behavioral strategies adaptive to anthropogenic disturbances. Vigilance behavior of wintering Grus monacha was observed to assess the effect of traffic intensity on their vigilance mode at Shengjin La...

Agus Mulyono

...s of Java sparrow beak image with classification method using ANFIS and determine the level of accuracy. In this study there are 3 stages, namely preprocessing, learning stages and testing stages. The results of the Java sparrow sex detection accuracy through texture and color analysis of beak images using the ANFIS me...

Hakan Kececi1*, Yasin Ozturk2, M. Bahaeddin Dortbudak3, Seda Yakut4, Gurdal Dagoglu5 and Merve Ozturk1

...tract was provided by gavage after being concentrated by 2 ml for each animal (80 mg ATR/kg) except for those in the control group, and time-dependent hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, hematological and biochemical effects were analyzed. No histopathological change was detected in the liver and kidney tissues of the rats in the experimental groups. Both hematological and serum biochemical values (Ca, P, TBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, Urea, and Creatinine) were within the physio...

Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Eman R. ElBealy3, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen4*

...tion in the oxidative damage’s tolerance. Quercetin, a flavonoid has the ability to face the oxidative injury through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible role of quercetin in modulating liver’s function and structure in aged male rats. Forty eight male albino rats (3 and 30 months old) were used. Half of the rats at each age
Muhammad Jalees
...ngthened supply chain management (SCM) and providing a competitive advantage over their rivals. Companies tend to look into smart technologies to convince their customers/consumers for selling their items. Electronic marketing is an integral part of SCM to attract consumers around the globe, which may extend to the next level when the incorporation strategy between the supply chain partners starts to exist. This study helps ...
Samreen Fatima* and Muddasir-Uddin
...t: normal;">Portfolio managers, investors and policymakers are interested in predicting volatility to achieve higher profits or lower risk positions. Due to economic globalization and advancement in information technology, the financial market has become increasingly unstable therefore to understand the pattern of the volatility is difficult. This study aims to compare the performance of Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) and the volatility models Generalized Au...

Jiacheng Du and Yuping Cao*

...cidence of early miscarriage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and gestational diabetes of patients in Group A is significantly lower (P<0.05). AMH level showed high specificity (77.52%) and sensitivity (81.46%) in predicting IVF-ET clinical pregnancy in PCOS patients. PCOS patients with lower AMH levels showed better sex hormone levels and clinical pregnancy outcomes in IVF-ET. Serum AMH level is valuable (of good value) in predicting IVF-ET clinical pregna...

Noor Muhammad* and Shah Alam Khan

...ing, flowering and pod stage. In all the three stages, only genotype ‘KS-75’ proved as antixenosis resistant against the aphid compared to susceptible genotype Abaseen. The second experiment was performed to test antibiosis resistance against L. erysimi among the selected genotypes. During the antibiosis experiment different life table parameters of aphids; developmental period, reproductive period, longevity and...
Afifa Yaqub1, Mehroze Amin1, Qindeel Fatima1, Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Saira Aftab1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2*
...ti-cancerous therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. 

...

Zannatul Ferdous1, Abdul Goffar Sarder2, Mustasim Famous3*, Mahfuza Ferdous4, Shahabuddin Ahmed5 and Md. Amir Hossain6

...ry out the work. The average initial weight of the chicks in all experimental groups was about the same. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight up to 35 days and blood parameters of birds at day 14th, 21th and 35th days. The result showed comparatively better live weight in T4 which is treated with Kalojeera and Ginger having a satisfactory feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.68. The better feed conversion ratio (FCR) value was recorded by chicks ...

Nadia Farooq1*, Asad Ullah1, Mussawar Shah1 and Muhammad Idrees2

...ose, 486 youth under the age group 15-29 years were randomly selected from 12 villages in district Mardan. The data were collected through a data collection instrument/ questionnaire. This study revealed that majority of the respondents was graduate, unemployed and belongs to farming families. Moreover, the majority of respondents’ families were having 8-12 acres of arable agricultural land. However, respondents were l...

Gawhara Ahmed-Abdelmonem1*, Zeinab Aboezz2, Ahmed Habashi1, Saad Sharawi2 

...ion of new topotypes/lineages of the existing FMD viruses represents a constant risk for cattle production. Serotype A is one of FMDV that is already existing and incriminated lastly in serval problems in cattle population. So, this study aimed at molecular characterization of serotype A FMDV that has been involved in the latest FMD outbreaks in Egypt. Thirty-six samples (26 blood and 10 oral epithelial tissue samples) were obtained from suspected cattle in th...

Xiangli Dong1,2, Shilin Mikhail Borisovich2, Jiji Li1,*, Jianyu He1, Zeqin Fu1, Yingying Ye1, Julia N. Lukina3, Olga V. Apalikova4 and Jianshe Zhang1

Zahra Naz1,2, Fouzia Ismat1, Muhammad Saleem2, Mazhar Iqbal1, Aamir Shehzad1 and Moazur Rahman1,2*
...rus (NDV), the causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) in chickens. Owing to its highly conserved nature among NDV strains and also due to its pivotal role in the viral life cycle, the M protein can be employed as a promising diagnostic antigen for reliable detection of NDV infection in chickens. In the present study, we have devised a strategy for extraction and solubilization of the NDV M protein from Escherichia coli in a single step using a non-ionic det...

Muhammad Hassan Naseem1, Muhammad Mansha1*, Muhammad Triq1 and Peter C. Thomson2

...non-smokers (control) of age ranging 17-30 years were recruited in this study with their consent. Peripheral blood samples of case and control subjects were analysed to evaluate the effect of shisha smoking on blood pressure, BMI (body mass index) and blood parameters, namely HB (hemoglobin), RBCs (red blood cells), WBCs (White blood cells), PLTs (platelets), MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), ...

Xiaoli Yao1, Xiaofang Yue2, Yue Yang3 and Guobin Zhang3,*

...s, regardless of gender, aged from 55-75 years, who underwent treatment in hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Each group received routine treatment, in which the treatment group received LMWHC alongwith argatroban. The score of neurological deficit (NIHSS) and serum neurological function, endothelial injury and inflammatory marker levels, and the clinical efficacy after treatment of 14 days were compared between groups. After treatment of 14 days, th...

Xiaoli Yao1, Xiaofang Yue2, Yue Yang3 and Guobin Zhang3,*

...s, regardless of gender, aged from 55-75 years, who underwent treatment in hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Each group received routine treatment, in which the treatment group received LMWHC alongwith argatroban. The score of neurological deficit (NIHSS) and serum neurological function, endothelial injury and inflammatory marker levels, and the clinical efficacy after treatment of 14 days were compared between groups. After treatment of 14 days, th...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Hamdan Sukri Lubis1, Takayuki Ohnuma2, Yose Rizal1 

...al pellet binders and dosage in producing pellet made of Miana plant as poultry feedstuffs. This experiment was administered in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was natural pellet binders composed of brown seaweed Sargassum binderi, taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), and tapioca flour (Manihot utilissima), and the second factor was dosage (1.5; 3; and 4.5%) of natural pellet ...

Nguyen Hai Quan, Nguyen Huu Van*, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Vo Thi Minh Tam, Le Duc Thao, Le Duc Ngoan 

...ling, the pH value of silage in 8 treatments were lower than 4.5. There was no effect of additives and their level inclusions on ensiled sunflowers nutritive values. Change in organic matter was found with 0.7-2.3% unit in all treatments. In general, whole Aguara 6 sunflower can be ensiled and has a potential for ruminants.

Keywords | Sunflower, Biomass yield, Nutritive values, Additives, Ensiling. 

...

Hanan Saad El-Samahy, Amani Abd El-Naby Hafez, Mohamed Talat Ragab, Disouky Mohamed Mourad*  

...n of causative bacterial agents, weight loss, reduced fertility, and hatchability, so this study aimed to determine the bacterial causative agents using multiplex PCR as an accurate rapid diagnostic technique. Exudates of swollen infra-orbital sinus were aspirated and aseptically collected from affected turkeys of seventeen flocks and examined by multiplex PCR against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. ...

Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Arshad

... fitted in integrated management of mealybug would be the use of phytoextracts having insecticidal activity. The main objective of this study was to find out the toxic effect of various plant extracts against D. mangiferae. Three concentrations (i.e. 6.25, 12.5 and 25.0%) of leaf extracts of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae), datura Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae), batho Chenopodium album L. ...

Mutassim Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Majdi Bahaddi1,2, Mohsen Alobre1,3, Riyadh Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan4, *

...er, the inorganic percentage in liver was significantly higher for lambs supplemented with zeolite when compared with control. This gives an indication that zeolite causes a great effect on mineral absorption, utilization, and accumulation in the liver. Furthermore, zeolite supplementation causes modification in the tested minerals’ absorption and metabolism, which clear from the high correlation between the tested minerals in the different tissues. In c...

Shahbaz Ahmed1, Mubeen Ahmad1, Muhammad Razaq1* and Farhan Mahmood Shah1,2*

...The pest is routinely managed through use of insecticides. Insecticides due to their toxic effects are mostly not desired for use on food crops. Thus, alternative approaches such as biological and cultural control are more desirable. This research explores irrigation stress impacts on wheat aphids, predators, and yield characteristics under field conditions. The wheat crop was stressed at any of the tillering, booting, heading or grain formation st

Hazem E. M. Hassanien1*, Awad M. M. Mahmoud2, Elsayed M. Abdel-Raouf1, Nabil M. Eweedah1 and Midhat. N. Nassif3

...actation 1-5 with an average body weight 706 kg ±7.29 SD were enrolled in a nested block design trial at 29 d prior anticipated parturition through 90 d in milk. A factorial arrangement of treatments -3 DCAD concentrations Tr1. (0.0, -100 or -180 mEq/kg DM) and -2 postpartum DCAD concentrations Tr2. (+250 or +350 mEq/kg DM). Prepartum urine pH was lower for cows fed -180 DCAD compared with -100 or 0.0 DCAD. Postpartum urine pH was higher for cows fed +3...
Ejaz Ur Rehman1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Fathul Bari3*, Tanveer Khan2, Naveed Ullah Khan2, Abdullah Khan4 and Romaan Hayat Khattak2
...ween 1 and 5 with an average of 3.25 per nest. Both parents incubated the eggs which hatched after a duration of 15-18 days. Hatching success was 94% while survival of fledglings was 90% in the study area. The most dominant activities performed by the white-throated kingfisher was flying (33.3%) and resting (33.3%) followed by hunting (25.1%) and preening (8.3%). Flying and hunting activities are mostly concentrated in the early morning and evening times which...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...r species. The causative agent is Campylobacter that asymptomatically colonizes broilers during development and contaminates it during slaughter. Outbreaks mostly start from the ingestion of contaminated poultry products or infected water. Reducing colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in the gut can be useful in decreasing the contamination of the poultry. Different organic acids display potential as a substitute of antibiotics. These not only improve poultry ...

Malik Fiaz Hussain1, Atif Akbar2, Muhammad Asif1, Laraib Nisar3, Muhammad Naeem Ashiq3 and Furhan Iqbal1*

... weight) of NiO NPs (average particle size 43 nm) for 14 days. Control groups were treated with saline solution. A series of behavioral tests were conducted in all subjects. Both low and high dose of NiO NPs treated male mice, during rota rod test, spent significantly less time on rotating rod than controls. Male mice treated with both doses of NiO NPs performed more stretch attend reflex than control. Female mice injected with high dose of NiO NPs had signifi...

Sharon Zulfiqar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Kiran Aftab1, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Rizwan Khursheed2, Somia Liaqat1 and Maimoona Kanwal1

...8g), cocoon shell percentage (18.74 %) were recorded found in the Bulgarian race which was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than other two races. We documented that the Bulgarian race is promising and has great potential to perform on local mulberry under prevailing environmental conditions. We also suggest that popularizing sericulture as the allied sector of the agricultural economy needs to exploit the potential of the Bulgarian race for the production o...

Zhang Yan1,2 and Muhammad Mohsin3*

...2 t and 80,723 t (on average) for F-M and Schaefer Model (S-M) or Pella-Tomlinson Model (PT-M), correspondingly. Besides, it was found that fishing mortality (F) has increased from 0.510 (2007) to 1.099 (2018) whereas biomass t has decreased from 320,100 t (2007) to 68,890 t (2018), F-M in ASPIC. Estimated parameter values vividly signpost overharvesting of T. lepturus in Shandong, China. Thus, current management measures sh...

Victoria Rankotsane Hlokoe, Thobela Louis Tyasi* 

...59 females and 11 males) aged 2-4 years were employed in the current study. Pearson’s correlation and stepwise regression techniques were employed for the analysis of data. The association findings showed that BW had a positively high significant association (P < 0.01) with WH (r = 0.94), HG (r = 0.91), RH (r = 0.88), SH (r = 0.90), RW (r = 0.73), and a positive statistical significant correlation (P < 0.05) with EL (r = 0.47), and BL (r = 0.46) in...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

...tablished diagnosis of stage II breast cancer (BC; n = 4), fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM; n = 3) and healthy cats (n = 4), the following were examined: (1) haematological parameters; (2) biochemical blood indicators; (3) expression of ifnα7, ifnβ1, ifnγ, ifnλ1, p53, rb1, cdkn2a and gadd45g genes in the BC and FCM tumor tissues, as well in the uterus tissue and WBCs using qPCR. Results. In cats with MG tumours, signs of lymphopenia and thr...

Febriza Dwiranti1, Nur Fadhilah2, Ursula Paulawati Maker2, Priyo Sambodo3* 

... will grow as the cuscus age. The basic color of the body hair of S. papuensis in juveniles was yellowish white, but after adulthood, it changed to grayish white. Higher PCV and HB values in males and the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes (the highest number of neutrophils), respectively, were higher than the results in the foregoing study. Conclusion: There are different body hair patterns in male and female S. papuensis. Additionally, obvious differences...

Abdulkhaliq A. Al-Janabi1*, Mohammad S. Alsalami1, Arkan B. Mohammed1, Abdulkhaliq A.R. Al-Douri2 

...its. Twelve male rabbits aged 6-7 months with an average initial weight of 1308.00±39.97 g were used in this study. The rabbits were divided into three groups; the control group was treated orally with distilled water, and the second and third groups were treated orally with 150 or 300 µl Omega-3, respectively. The rabbits’ body weight significantly increased in both Omega-3 treated groups, as well as red ...

Heba S.S. Salem1, Hend M. Megahed2, Marwa M. Sarhan2, Maha M. El Alem3, Gehan N. Alagmy3* 

...S. aureus as a causative agent. S. aureus was diagnosed in 40% of the examined cases via traditional culture methods and molecular confirmation using PCR. All tested S. aureus isolates were positive for virulence-associated genes (nuc, icaA, and Hlg). In an experimental trial, a total of 75 healthy rabbits were divided equally into five groups (n =15/each group). The first group served as a negative control, the second group was injected intra-articulately wi...

Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan

...crop in the selected villages of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan in 2019. For this purpose, a total of seventy producers, twenty wholesalers and twenty retailers are randomly selected and interviewed for data collection. From the current research it can be revealed that majority of potato growers followed the same marketing channel i.e. Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer. The analysis shows that marketing-margins of potat...

Sarzamin Khan1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Rafiullah1, Ibrahimullah1, Ghulam Abbas3*, Jabbar Khan4, Muhammad Saeed Imran5, Asghar Ali Kamboh6 

...igh cost as well as shortage of conventional feed ingredients has driven the dire need to search for alternative protein and energy sources to be incorporated in poultry feed. Insects may be one of the alternative feed source which can be used as a good quality, low-cost and sustainable ingredients of poultry feed. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to explore the effect of dietary inclusion of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) scales in diet on producti...

Tarek A. Wrshana1, Yousry A. Dowidar1, Bahgat A. El-Fiky2, Ali M. El-Rify1, Walaa A. El-Sayed3, Basem M. Ahmed4* 

...trategies based on the usage of stem cells includes the cells either themselves or their secretions (secretome), which has recently shown ability to inhibit SARS-CoV2 replication in-vitro. In this study, MSCs were prepared from the bone marrow of native Egyptian Fayoumi chicken. The MSC with the surface marker CD105 (CD105+) were magnetically separated and infected with virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). The virus-induced multiple changes at the cellular...

Desy Cahya Widianingrum1*, Himmatul Khasanah1, Melinda Erdya Krismaputri1, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring Meliala2 

...0.01 mmol/kg). The advantage of VCO protection with tanin (mix on indigofera) has the lower rancidity value (2.14 ± 0.09 mmol/kg) compared to wafers with VCO supplementation. In the addition of VCO without treatment (P0) increase the total digestibility of dry matter (78.89 ± 0.06%) and organic matter (78.49 ± 0.16%). Our results showed that VCO treatments have not negative effect on the rumen environment (pH and NH3 level), both protectiv...

Haitham Al Masruri1, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Aiman Al Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3, Ahmed Al-Madani4, Al-Hassan Mohammed5* 

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Sobia Ijaz1, Nauman Ali1, Muhammad Saeed Ashraf1, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Arif1, Jamil Akhtar4, Naeem Iqbal1 and Bushra Zulfiqar5

...n Pakistan is a vital forage Yield gap because of its palatable and nutritional nature that provides forage in repeated cuttings almost year round is mandatory to be addressed, that is the main focus of the present investigation. The recent investigation was performed to assess the impact of seeding rate consequently plant density on forage and seed tonnage<...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Aslam3, Rizwan Latif4, Muhammad Arif5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6 and Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1

...ion at a proper growth stage. As a result, OFF season crop in once year and followed by ON year crop. Alternate bearing cannot be completely controlled but it can be minimized by adopting different approaches like mechanical pruning, pruning through use of growth inhibitors, use of bio stimulants, and proper use of mineral nutrients at proper nutrient demanding growth stage and use of different vitamins and amino acids. The ...

Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Imran Khan1, Athar Mahmood1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3*, Ambreen Fatima4, Muhammad Iqbal5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Faran Muhammad7, Muhammad Talha Aslam1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...nimum germination percentage (GP) and emergence index (EI) was recorded when high level of salt stress (12 dsm-1) was imposed, while minimum, T50, and MET and maximum GGP and EI was observed under control conditions. Cultivar Bhaker-2011 took less, T50, and MET and had maximum GP and EI while cultivar NAIB-2016 took maximum, T50, and MET time and had minimum GP and EI. Likewise, maximum plant height (PH: 68.20 cm), root length (RL: 7.70 cm), shoot length (SL: ...

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4

...hakki dates causing spoilage of fruits at early ripening stage, hindering ripening and drying processes at the end. Growers are adapting some alternate options of making ‘Chuhara’ (dried dates) at Khalal stage instead of processed Rutab dates. Experiments were conducted to find out comparative yield potentials of ‘Chuhara’ as well as processed dates produced from th...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

...ntial to find out the management strategies of this pest for higher canola production. Synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticides are used to control L. erysimi. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different pesticides against mustard aphids in selected mustard cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with four treatments and three replications. The results showed that Thiamethoxam, Fipronil and Neem oil were...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

...ntial to find out the management strategies of this pest for higher canola production. Synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticides are used to control L. erysimi. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different pesticides against mustard aphids in selected mustard cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with four treatments and three replications. The results showed that Thiamethoxam, Fipronil and Neem oil were...

Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Nasir Ahmad Khan1, Akhtar Hameed2, Noor Muhammad1 and Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq1

...ase of spinach can be managed by using tilt fungicide and moringa extract.

...

Sohail Ahmed Talpur1, Imran Khatri1*, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1 and Zubair Ahmed2

...scribed; their habitus images and male genitalia is provided; Chaetocnema belli Jacoby, 1904, Chaetocnema concinnicollis Baly, 1874 and Chaetocnema pusaensis (Maulik, 1926). Distributioanl map for each species is also provided.

...

Farah Rasheed1*, Ana Aslam1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Raheela Naz1, Hina Nazir3, Sadia Sultana1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Ifra Saleem1, Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq1, Abid Niaz4, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Adnan Rafique6

...It is a strong chelating agent which can chelate essential nutrients like zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium resulting in mineral deficiency in masses of developing countries. Low phytic acids is therefore a primary factor to enhance availability of these nutrient and combat phytic acid related issues. In this study, the most suitable crop stage and combination of zinc and phosphorus application was investigated to decrease p...

Shailendra Sharma, Smriti Shrestha, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

...fects were biased to the age and sex of the animals. Behavioral data were collected through the focal animal sampling method for 101 hours, and human disturbances were categorized into four levels based on the number and behavior of visitors. Out of the entire activity budget, resting (49.27%) constituted the highest proportion, followed by feeding (22.93%) and grooming (12.59%). There was a negative association between the grooming behavior and the number of ...

Djoko Kisworo*, Martina Safitri, BRD Wulandani, Bulkaini, Syamsuhaidi 

...%, 10%, and 20%) and storage time (2, 4, and 6 weeks). Data were analyzed according to the analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference test (LSD). The parameters measured were the egg’s weight, air cavity, pH, and Haugh Unit of chicken eggs that were stored at room temperature for six weeks. The results showed that immersion in SSF and storage decreased (P<0.5) the HU and egg’s weight. Wh...

Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3, Al-Hassan Mohammed4* 

...e of oocyte maturation stage on further embryonic development, this review aims to discuss the knowledge of oocyte maturation and its effect on further development of embryos in vivo and in vitro.

Keywords | Oocytes, Cumulus cells, Cytoplast, Nucleus, Embryos 

...

Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3, Asad Ali Khan2, Sajjad Khan4, Dawood Ahmad5, Faiq Ahmad2, Maaz Khan2, Sikandar Azam1, Siddique Ahmad2 and Bismillah Khan2

...nducted at Fodder and Forage Crops Section Harichand, district Charsadda- Pakistan. Two levels of P (90 and 120 kg ha-1) and three levels of Zn (0 i.e., water spray only, 2.5 and 5 kg ha-1) were applied at three application stages (AS) i.e., full at vegetative stage V6 (AS1), full at reproductive stage R2 (AS2) and ½ at V6 and ½ at R2 st

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan

... randomly using a multistage sampling procedure through a well-organized pretested interview schedule. Stochastic frontier models (SFM-1 and SFM-2) were utilized to investigate effects of farm inputs and socioeconomic factors on rice production. Results of SFM-1 explicated that all the regressors except irrigation numbers were highly significant with the estimated coefficients of 0.369, 0.047, 0.060, 0.246 and 0.098 for labor hours, tractor hours, chemicals, u...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari

...y was divided into two stages of research. Phase 1 of the laboratory experiment determined the composition of the concentrate and tofu dregs media on the nutrient content of Tenebrio molitor. This study method was a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications. The treatment variations consist of commercial ration (CR) and tofu dregs (TD) were treatment P1 (100% CR), P2 (80% CR + 20% TD), P3 (60% CR+ 40% TD), P4 (40% CR + 20% T...

Tertia Delia Nova1*, Yulia Yelita2, Rizky Machicula1

...evels, hematocrit percentage, the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Three treatments of 5%, 10%, and 15% levels of kiambang flour in feed were ready. The variables measured were also ration consumption, weight gain and conversion as well as carcass, and abdominal fat during growth. The experimental results showed that the average feed consumption ranged from 4034.89 to 4207.40 g/head,...

Sri Suharyati, Siswanto, Madi Hartono, Kusuma Adhianto* 

...oncentration, and percentage of live sperm were analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA. The results showed that the administration of vitamin E and L-carnitine exerted a very significant effect on motility (P<0.01), the concentration, and the percentage of live sperm (P<0.05) but did not affect the sperm volume and abnormalities (P>0.05). In conclusion, the combination of vitamin E and L-carnitine gave the best r...

Nagina Zeb* and Noor ul Amin

...in sub-sub plot. The average results of two years showed that planting dates, cutting types and IBA treatments and their interactions significantly affected all the growing and rooting parameters. Cuttings planted on July 16 revealed minimum days to sprouting (12.52), more number of sprouts (5.79), high sprout length (44.80 cm), more number of leaves (123), more number of roots (4.73), and plant survival percentage (61.78 %)...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1

... incorporation in the management of subterranean termites in agricultural crops. However, further studies are needed to get more empirical data regarding the formulation’s effectiveness and to determine the insecticide (fipronil) release kinetics from the formulated beads under laboratory and field conditions.

...

Waqas Raza1*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Muhammad Asif2, Ikram-ul-Haq3, Muhammad Zakria4 and Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani5,6

...triated pattern. The average length of sporangia among the isolates collected during 2017 from potato growing areas of Punjab ranged from 14.94 to 47.89 µm, and mean breadth of sporangia varied from 10.44 0 to 23.67 µm. During 2018, among all districts, isolate Jhg-22 showed the highest length (46.64 μm) and breadth (22.17 μm) followed by Shl-25 (46.59 μm) and breadth (22.61 μm), Oka-24 (46.31 x 21.72 μm) while the lowest value measu...

Entesar Z. Eliraqy1*, Basant M. Shafik2, Yasser S. Hussein1, Abdelwahab A. Alsenosy3, Emad A. Abd allah1, Mohamed F. Saad1 

...ing different period storage. Current paper gives an apprise on the usage of garlic (Allium sativum) extract as an alternative additive for sperm preservation in buffalo bulls at animal production research institute, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The experimental protocol was designed as four groups (Control, G1, G2 and G3). Buffalo-bulls’ semen were exposed to different concentrations of garlic extract (0,...

Veasna Chem1 †, Hong-Seok Mun1,2 †, Keiven Mark B. Ampode1, Shad Mahfuz1, Il-Byung Chung1, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,3, Chul-Ju Yang1,3,* 

...c for a batch of flow management, and the failure to detect estrus accurately has the greatest impact on labor rate and little size. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) technology can easily recognize and detect animals’ temperature changes, which would be useful in farm animal production. This study investigates the possibility of replacing a contact thermometer with a non-contact thermometer and digital infrared thermal imaging camera (DITI) to det...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz

...g needs of the extension agents, to identify weaknesses in training programs and find obstacles in the use of computer technology which hamper the proper execution of extension services in three selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Purposive sampling technique (sample taken on certain judgments about the population or researcher chooses who would be appropriate for the study) was employed to select three districts i.e. Peshawar, Mardan and Swabi from...

Gudeta Nepir Gurmu, Tade Bitima Mulisa, Alemu Lenco Gemechu, Kegna Gadisa Amena and Gemechu Nedi Terfa*

...ighest grain yield advantage over the other tested varieties without significant difference among the order, whereas Burkitu (2.3 t/ha), Herena (2.35 t/ha) and Hortu (2.39 t/ha) varieties manifested low grain yield. Generally, it is better if the work is repeated in the future for more justification since it was only one season experiment and the grain yield stability test of the higher yield varieties is advisable before recommending the varieties for large-s...

Caiyun Ma1, Hebao Wen1, Lu Li2, Gaofeng Liu1, Chunjing Wang1, Yu Guo1, Shiji Fang1, Hongyu Wang1* and Changqing Liu1*

...perty of articular cartilage, the treatment of articular cartilage lesions remains an important challenge. Articular cartilage, the target of osteoarthritis (OA), contains renewable cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) to maintain the tissue homeostasis. Compared with other adult stem cells, the self-renewal capacity and preference for chondrogenesis ...

Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*, Aiman Al Mufarji and Sultan Alawaid

... (PG) during the first stage of fetal development. The primordial follicles consist of oocytes surrounded by a single layer of pregranulosa follicular cells and they remain dormant in the meiotic prophase I stage. Primordial pregranulosa follicular cells initiate activation of primordial follicle and govern the development of dormant oocytes. The primordial follicles take about 6 months to grow and develop to ovulatory graaf...

Madumetja Cyril Mathapo and Thobela Louis Tyasi*

...ive (25) Boer goat males aged between one and two years were used in the study. Testicular length (TL), scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), rump height (RH), withers height (WH) and sternum height (SH) were measured. Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression were used for data analysis. Phenotypic correlation outcomes indicated that SC had a positive statistically significant (P<0.05) correlation ...

Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1

...nesis) causes serious damage to the seed of chickpea, and other pulses during storage. Seed viability and other quality parameters are affected by its infestation. This pest is controlled by phosphine fumigation and synthetic insecticides. Unfortunately, this pest has developed resistance against these pesticides. Moreover, with application of these pesticides, chemical residues may cause severe dama...

Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Nigah Hussain1 and Nasim Akhter2

...rimary data of three villages was collected having different cropping patterns and irrigation systems of the study area. Multivariate model was developed to ascertain the various socio-economic factors i.e., off-farm work, farm size, farming experience and family size, on changing dynamics of agriculture labour. Results indicated that socio-economic factors significantly affect the agriculture labour dynamics in irrigated areas. Off-farm work has inverse relat...

Anara Ryskeldina, Indira Iskakova, Nurgul Sarina , Alexander Shevtsov , Laura Syzdykova, Alexander Shustov, Yerlan Ramankulov, Marat Kuibagarov* 

...creating immunological reagents to detect pregnancy in cows, which is of great practical importance.

Keywords | Bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1, Fusion protein, Recombinant antigen, Monoclonal antibodies, Placental antigens. 

...

Fatin Khalil*, Harinath Yapati, Zainab Al Blallam, Ronia Jose 

...ted by the seasons and stage of production and growth.

Keywords | Naeemi sheep, Seasonal effect, Intensive management, Reproductive performance, Baseline data. 

...

Iram Amin1,2*, Shazia Rafique1, Nadeem Ahmed1, Muhammad Shahid1, Samia Afzal1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah1, Mohsin Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammad Idrees1,3

Shou-Dong Zhang1,2,3, Dao-Xin Liu1,2, Dan Mou1, Tong-Zuo Zhang2, Jian-Ping Su2 and Jiu-Xiang Xie1*

...ts and avoiding disadvantageous secondary plant metabolites.

...

Muhammad Ismail1, Jabbar Khan1*, Zahid Rauf2, Khalid Khan3 and Muhammad Rafi1

...individuals of different ages were also characterized. Amplified products were digested with Xbal and Pvull restriction enzymes and were electrophoresed to visualize single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); rs9340799 (G>A) and rs2234693 (C>T) in ESR1 gene. The amplified product of 524bp of rs9340799 sequence of ESR1 gene was treated with Xbal restriction enzyme while amplified product of 451bp of rs2234693 sequence was treated with PvuII restriction enzym...
Ghulam Nabi Dahiri1, Akeel Ahmed Memon2, Qudratullah Kalwar3*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Waseem Ali Vistro4, Yar Muhammad Jalbani3, Kiran Nazish3 and Jai Parkash Kolhi5
...ned at semi intensive management conditions at Thari Cattle Farm Nabisir Road, Distt: Umerkot were used in the study. The selected animals were divided into four groups to observe estrus signs and artificial insemination. Animals of group B and D were treated with OvSynch (GnRH at day 0 followed by PGF2α day 7 and 2nd GnRH at day 9) for estrus synchronization but D was bio-stimulated and B was not bio-stimulated. Animals in group A and C were treated wit...

Jun Wang*, Xiaoming Jiang and Zhiwei Sun

... for conservation and management in the Yellow River fishery resources, which is very useful for evaluation of the status of the river ecological health.

...

Lei Xu1, Qin Yang2 and XiaoYan Zhang3,*

...ositive correlation with age, serum phosphorus, iPTH, FGF-23, AACS, SPB and Creatinine (CREA) (P < 0.05), but in a negative correlation with the levels of 25(OH)D and calcium in serum and eGFR (P < 0.05). Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that AACS, eGFR, FGF-23, iPTH, serum phosphorus and 25(OH)D were the independent risk factors of sclerosin (P < 0.05). PD patients present with the significant elevation in the level of sclerosin in se...

Amoon Danial1, Shahan Azeem1*, Sohail Raza1 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2

...ction in goats, however, age (> 2 years), was not a significant risk factor. To our knowledge this is first study in Pakistan investigating the role of goats in the chain of transmission of BoHV-1.

...

Muhammad Rabiul Hasan1, Zannatul Mawa1, Muhammad Ashekur Rahman1, Selina Yeasmin2, Yahia Mahmud2 and Muhammad Yeamin Hossain1*

...serve and sustainable management of these species.

...

Sajjad Ali1*, Atta ur Rahman1 and Sher Ali2

...020, and the satellite imageries of the region were acquired from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). ARIMA technique is employed to get the forecasted values regarding Acreage, Yield, and Production of crops till 2050 in Peshawar valley. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to analyze the satellite imageries. The analysis showed a persistent incre...
Muhammad Younas1*, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Atiq2, Niaz Hussain1, Wasim Abbas3, Muhammad Azeem Khan4, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Nasir Ahmad Khan2 and Muhammad Zubair5
...y be used for disease management.

...

Reem M. Ramadan1, Fady Sayed Youssef2, Gehad Genidy Mohamed3, Sameh Hamed Ismail4, M.M. El-Bahy1, Shimaa Abdel-Radi1* 

...12, 24, and 36 h. Percentage of sporulation inhibition in oocysts and comet assay were used to investigate the C-Oo.Nc destructive effects. The infectivity of sporulated oocysts exposed to LC50 & LC90 were evaluated by In vivo inoculation of broiler chicks. The results demonstrated that the increase in the rate of sporulation inhibition is directly related to the increase in C-Oo.Nc concentrations and exposure time. Analyzing the DNA dam

Olufemi Bolarin, Sijuade Adebukola Adebayo and Sola Emmanuel Komolafe*

...sult shows that the mean age of the farmers was 45.3 years and 83.3% were males. The result also shows that weather forecast (Mean=1.42) and change in farming type (crop- livestock Mean=1.36) were not commonly used by farmers meanwhile the farmers preferred planting of early maturing yam seed (Mean=3.58), use of mulching (Mean=3.46), crop rotation (Mean=3.27), organic fertilizer (Mean=3.07) and cover crops (Mean=3.05). The result of regression analysis showed ...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...e in unacceptable percentage of residue in vegetables and resistance of nematodes to the currently used nematicides. This has prompted the evaluation of medicinal plants as probable sources of nematicides. A study was conducted in the screenhouse to evaluate the nematicidal potential of Tridax procumbens and Sida acuta (weeds) on root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita infesting lettuce and carrots. T. procubmens and S. acuta was applied as soil amendment (4...

Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh

...mart practices. A multistage sampling technique was applied in choosing the 270 smallholder farmers in the studied area. Focused group discussions, interview sessions and surveys were used to obtain the required data. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the socio-economic status of rural farmers, especially income and education are significant factors influencing their...

Sidrah Ashfaq1, Muhammad Nadeem1*, Muhammad Yamin1, Talha Afzal1, Muhammad Waqar Akram1, Rabia Anam1 and Ali Mehboob2

... was used as a gasifying agent. The reactor capacity was 0.19 m3. The values of performance parameters for wood waste and corncobs were recorded as fuel consumption rate (0.002195, 0.002323) kg-s-1, the volume of gas produced (24.56, 26.33) m3, operating time (5480, 5164) s, cleaning unit efficiency (81.79, 79.9) % and gas yield (2.04, 2.19) m3-kg-1. 

...

Robina Karim1*, Farhan Ali1, Ali Muhammad1, Nasrullah2, Azra3 and Tahir Mehmood4

...nkhwa- Pakistan. The average total household size is 5.75 that consist of 1.89 children (32.95%), 3.72 adults (64.69%) and 0.125 (2.17%) aged person (≥60 years). Based on calorie requirement at various stages of age of a person, an adult equivalent has been calculated as 5.271of actual household size 5.75. The results reveal that on aver

Hafiz Qaisar Yasin1*, Dora Marinova2 and Muhammad Naveed Tahir3

...study found that the average economic values of wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane crops are PKR 2.6/m3, PKR 2.4/m3, PKR 2.4/m3, and PKR 3.0/m3, respectively. These values are substantially higher than the current flat-rate canal irrigation water charging rates in Punjab. The research further indicated the need to enhance canal water charging rates to ensure its efficient use and sustainable management. The study also observ...

Zayed M.A1, M.F. Shehata1, I.M. Ismail1, Mona Mohammady1, M.A. Radwan2*  

...slaughtered (one year of age approximately), and their carcass traits, and meat quality were evaluated. All growth performance traits showed significant (p<0.01) differences among the three groups, except birth weight and age. Dressing % (based on slaughter body weight) was higher (p <0.05) in G3 than G1 and G2 groups. The lowest (p <0.05) percentage of offal’s was observed ...

Al-Hassan M. Mostafa1*, Gehan Mohammed Sayed2 

... tube with 1750 of 3rd stage larvae of H. contortus (L3) and subsequently subdivided into positive infected untreated group (second group), positive infected and orally treated group with garlic juice, 5ml/ animal, (third group) and positive infected and orally treated group with coriander extract, 0.9g/ Kg b.w. (fourth group). Fecal samples were collected weekly after 3 weeks post infection for Fecal Egg Count (FEC). One animal of each group was slaughtered a...

Marcos E. Bollido1,2*, Renell Jay G. Villaluz1,2 and Ronald L. Orale1

...ve Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. Pork prices increased by 22-50% in 2021 compared to 2010 data. Live-weight pig prices also increased by 9-39% for the same year in review. It was noted that 27% of the supply was locally produced, and 73% were imported from other regions. Locally sourced pig supply is pegged at 53%, and the rest (47%) are imported from various towns in Samar and other regions. The demand for pork and live pigs is 27% and 55% higher ...

Shandana* and Ayesha Khan

...and advice and extension agents can effectively answer farmers’ abundant information needs. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the usage of ICT tools in agricultural extension services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For the study three districts (i.e. Swat, Haripur and Mardan) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were chosen and a total sample size of 400 respondents was selected. Data were collected through pre-tested and ...

Riaz Hussain1*, Adnan Ihsan2, Azaz Ali Shah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Hamza Iftikhar3 and Ranra Jalal4

...t amount of pod borer damage (10.10 %), followed by the combination garlic bulb (A.sativum) + red chili (Capsicum spp.) (13.63 %), while the control plot caused most of the pod borer damage (44.25 %). The Chinaberry dry fruits (M.azedarach) plot had the highest yield of 3333.3 kgha-1. Chinaberry dry fruits (M.azedarach) had the lowest cost with the highest production in the form of yield at 1:45. This research will serve as ...

Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Oktovianus Rafael Nahak, Gerson Frans Bira 

...ed were 15 heads, in the age range of 2 – 2.5 years with an initial body weight range of 158.333±31.565 - 195.333±22.189 kg. Cattle were divided into three ration treatment, where each treatment group consisted of 5 cattle. Ration formulations of T1, T2 and T3 contained fish meal levels of 4%, 8% and 12%, respectively. The observed research variables included consumption of nutrients and digestibility of feed, as well as cattle growth perfo...

Mai A Fadel1*, Ahmed M Elmahdy1, Jihan Mostafa Badr2, Mohammed AM Saleh3, Mona A.A. AbdelRahman3 

... we concluded that the usage of a half-dose combination of enrofloxacin and amoxicillin is safer and more efficient in the treatment of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis mixed infection in broiler chickens than the usage of these antibiotics in a full-dose combination or solely.

Keywords | Amoxicillin, Enrofloxacin, E. coli, Salmonella, Mixed infection. 

...

Asim Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan1, Yasir Iftikhar1*, Mustansar Mubeen1, Maham Sohail1, Sonum Bashir1, Malik Abdul Rehman2 and Muhammad Usman Ghani3

...ease was based on percentage of pits in the 1 sq. inch piece of bark at bud union of infected tree. This rating scale has been developed for the first time to record the tristeza disease severity. The maximum disease severity was recorded in Kot Momin (62%) followed by Bhalwal (56%) and Sargodha (50%). The study concluded that CTV is one of the most promising factors playing role in the citrus decline.

...

Andi Hiroyuki1,2,*, Refina Sastya Qomariyuti1, Najmah Nur Islami3, Vanessa Ayu Sumirat4, Neni Anggraeni5, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2,6 

...ults showed that the average heart weight (0.120 grams) and white fat tissue (0.145 grams) decreased in the KSO group, as did RBC (8.285×106/μl), WBC (2,943×103/μl) and platelets (506 ,5×103/μl), but statistically there was no significant difference in hematological parameters, body temperature, GDP, body weight and liver and kidney weight p(> 0.05). However, there was a difference in heart weight and white fat tissue p(<0.05)....

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Rasheed Ahmed3, Anam Ashraf1, Muhammad Amin4 and Nafees Ahmad5

...;">In the sustainable management of natural resources, land use and land cover (LULC) changes play an essential role. Pakistan is rich in biodiversity and provides ecosystem services to the country’s population, especially the mountains of the northern highland. These areas have experienced extensive depletion of ecosystem services and are susceptible to fast LULC changes. Real-time monitoring and assessment based on spatio-temporal are important to know...

Naheed Zahra1*, Saira Batool1, Mubbashira Nazir1, Ghulam Akbar Malik2 and Iffat Batool3

... Fateh Jhang’s villages during 2018-19. The purpose of this research was to see how many female farmers contribute to farming and livestock activities. The formal survey collected data from eighty (80) female farmers using the random sampling technique. Research was based small landholders. The study’s main findings demonstrate that agriculture, together with livestock rearing is the primary occupation of the area’s residents. Females were co...

Sajjad Khan, Fahad Karim Awan*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Muhammad Usama Hameed, Allah Bakhsh and Kainat Bibi

...nce at initial seeding stages of both oat cultivars, no significant effect was observed on germination %, shoot and root length of both oat cultivars, however PARC, oat performs better at 10 % and 20 % drought stress with salinity level of 80 mmolLˉ¹. However, both cultivars showed significantly stunted performance at 10 % and 20 % drought stress with salinity level of 120 mmolLˉ¹ when compared with control treatment. The results of the study prese...

Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan

...wledge, lack of cold storage, high cost of transportation, pest and disease attack, defective marketing and lack of credit facility. The study recommends that farmers should be encouraged and facilitated to adopt tunnel farming technology as it is the best method to grow off-season vegetables and for yields, both the field staff of extension department and farmers must be provided training for development of tunnels and pack...

Dede Kardaya*, Ayu Ratnasari, Dewi Wahyuni 

...onal diets on the percentage of spent layer duck carcasses. The study used a completely randomized design with three treatments, and 50 replicates. The treatments consisted of 50% rice bran and 50% aking (leftover rice) diets (R1), 0% GALM in the fermented nonconventional diets (R2), and 6% GALM in the fermented nonconventional diets (R3). The parameters were slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and commerci...

Aulia Nurul Saputri, I Komang Gede Wiryawan, Dilla Mareistia Fassah*, Dewi Apri Astuti 

...ernel Meal 

...

Muhammad Ikram Ullah

...i family of Punjabi language group. The family presented with rare complex neurological symptoms including mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, skeletal and muscle abnormalities. Five affected family members were recruited along with unaffected members, and whole blood was collected for genomic DNA extraction. A genome-wide scan was carried out on four affected members to establish homozygosity linkage. The analysis for g...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Iram Shaikh1
...of other eco-friendly management techniques for fruit flies.

...
Alicja Kowalczyk1*, Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak2, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska3*, Jesús Juan Cantalapiedra4, Joaquim Orlando Lima Cerqueira5,6 and José Pedro Pinto de Araújo5,7
...iesian bulls of the same age. The nucleotide substitutions analyzed are located in exon 4 of the AQP7 gene and are responsible for missense mutations. Individual genotypes were determined using the PCR-RFLP method. Evaluation of sperm quality in terms of concentration, volume, motility, and sperm viability was performed using photometry, flow cytometry, and a computer assisted sperm analyzer. The above studies indicate that all four nucleotide substitutions an...

Habib Ullah Habib1, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Mujahid Ali1*, Tahir Mehmood3, Muhammad Manzoor4, Maqsood Ahmad3, Hasseb Ahsan1, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal3, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Muhammad Mohsan1 and Ahsan Mohyo ud Din6 

...as conducted on Water Management Research Farm, Renala Khurd, Okara. Kinnow was given two water depletion levels 10% and 15% along with four NPK fertilizer levels 100%, 75%, 50%, 75% of percent recommended dose of fertilizer) of NPK were studied by using soluble fertilizers. Fertigation was applied through drip irrigation according to the schedule derived through Crop Watt. Kinnow plants showed significant results regarding plant canopy, plant height, the aver...

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Waseem Akbar Qazi2

...flies widely used as bio-agents in biological control programs against Bactrocera species. In current investigations we inspected the infected guava and mango fruits from lower (Hyderabad) and upper (Larkana) Sindh regions for population surveillance of parasitoids during 2019. The results shown (P<0.05) maximum number of Trybliographa daci were (55.60±4.52, 46.40±5.47) obtained from guava infested fruits of both regions. Moreover, Maximum num...

Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz and Nadir Ali Birmani

...nacanthus abdominalis (Piaget, 1880) which belongs to the family Menoponidae and 34.61% for Goniocotes gallinae (de Geer, 1776) which belongs to the family Philopteridae. All four species were reported first time as new host and new locality records from the study area. All species of chewing were described and compared with other related species and developed taxonomic key.

...

Dhiya Altememy1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Samira Shokri3, Saber Abbaszadeh4 

...etermine the rate of collagenization, wound, and extracellular matrix. After the treatment, the size of the wound in the Tio2 N.P. synthesis by Origanum vulgare, Tio2 N.P. synthesis by carvacrol, methicillin, Tio2 N.P., and alginate pad groups of diabetic rats and alginate pad group of non-diabetic rats were determined 7.03 ± 1, 11.12 ± 1, 10.72 ± 1 ± 15.48 ± 1, 11 ± 1, and 6.35 ± 1 mm, respectively. The serum l...

Kanwal Hanif1, Dilbar Hussain1, Qurban Ali1, Asad Aslam1*, Tamsila Nazir1, Muhammad Saleem1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Muhammad Zubair2, Najuf Awais Anjum3 and Muhammad Umar Qasim1

... are powerful biocontrol agents against a variety of insect pests. These biological control agents retain their importance due to their easy mass rearing, high searching ability and effectiveness against many crop insect pests. In this study the toxicological effect of seven insecticides viz Flubendiamide (Belt 480 SC)@ 500 ul/l, Pyriproxyfen (Priority 10.8 EC) @ 2000 µl/l, Chlorantraniliprole + Thiamethoxam (Voliam Fl...

Kokab Nazim1*, Asghari Bano1 and Ghulam Jellani2

...n plant height, setting %age and fruits per plant was observed in sensitive genotypes. Antioxidant enzyme essay showed enhanced production of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase coupled with higher accumulation of proline in tolerant genotypes while their production was lower in sensitive genotypes during two growing seasons under stress. All the genotypes made two major clusters. Main cluster “I” was comprised of two genotypes. Main cluster “I...

Sonia Kanwal1, Muhammad Naeem1*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Rabia Farhat1 and Zia Ur Rehman2

...mones during different stages of lactation in Lohi sheep and Beetal goats. The experiments were performed on 30 ewes and 30 goats between 1.5 to 5 years age group were selected from Bahadar Nagar Farm, Okara, Pakistan. Both the sheep and goats were grouped into three different lactating stages: [lac I (n=10), lac II (n=10) and lac III (n=10)]. Blood samples were collected during all produc...

Chooi Lin Phooi1, Elisa Azura Azman1* and Roslan Ismail2,3

... proper organic waste management and is easy to be implemented by household size. Bokashi can turn waste into the next food nutrient and ensure food security. 

...

Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab

...components “job management” explained 19.48% variance; four variables of teaching methodological competency were loaded on “job management” component which means that agriculture school teachers possessed high level of competency in job management. Likewise, Technical skill explained 18.05% variance has the second position in possessed competencies and job evaluatio...

Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Younas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Raheel2, Anees Akhtar3, Muhammad Irshad1, Munir Abbas1 and Farah Shabir4

...he farmers for timely management of fusarium wilt.

...

Dong-Min Hou, Hong-bi Peng, Wan-Long Zhu* and Zheng-Kun Wang*

...ory experiments. Our footage provides the first video documentation of infanticide, cannibalism, and parental care behavior in T. belangeri. Analysis of the video data indicated that the observations were related to nutrition hypothesis, hormone level hypothesis and stress hypothesis. We also suggest that the infanticidal and cannibalistic behaviors of tree shrews might be related to their dietary habits. Although reactions to infants are doubtless affected by...

Nurcan Karslioglu Kara*

...the relationship between age at first calving (AFC) and first lactation milk yield [adjusted 305-day (MY305)], reproductive performance [days open (DO), calving interval (CI)] and diseases (lameness, mastitis, metritis and dystocia) in Simmental dairy cows bred under Turkey conditions. A total of 1110 Simmental cows (first calving to second calving) were assessed according to study criteria. While the relation between AFC and disease incidence and MY305 was no...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

... lato is the etiological agent of Lyme disease. We investigated presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in 600 pet dogs and 391 tick pools using PCR assay and sequencing in the Lahore City Metropolitan Area, Pakistan. Potential association of various risk factors with occurrence of Lyme borreliosis was also estimated via univariate and multivariate logistic regression. From each dog, blood and tick samples were collected and then tick species were identified. DNA extr...

Abhishek Pandit1, Suman Poudel2, Manish Gautam3* and Shambhu Shah4

...revalent in ovaries in stages of estrus. Various protocols are available based on the hormone used, route of administration, requirements for heat detection, number of hormone injections, number of cattle handled, and injection time. Increased labor and upfront cost of hormone treatment, standard degree of supervision, and decent handling facilities are some of the drawbacks of this technique. Successful estrus synchronization necessitates optimum nutrition, a...

Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Mohammed Mahmoud Hegazy1, Mohamed Mohamed El-said Ibrahim1, Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Rehab Fawzy Ismail2 

...55±1.15 months of age and 205.0±16.09 kg LBW) were divided into three groups (6 in each) according to age and body weight. All groups were fed same diet; control group was untreated (CG), while those in the 2nd and 3rd groups were orally treated with 300 ml GL/head/twice/week (GG) or daily 25 g PF/100 LBW (PFG) from 14 to 18 month of age. Results showed that PFG achieved the ...

Abdul Latif1, Shahid Sattar1, Fazal Maula2, Imtiaz Khan4*, Asim Iqbal3 and Said Hussain Shah1*

...was conducted for the management of pomegranate fruit borer, Virachola isocrates (Fab.) to investigate the biology and infestation level under field and lab conditions. The experiment was conducted on Randomize Complete Block RCB Design with three replications. For field study, twenty-four trees of pomegranate were selected to which chemicals (cypermethrin, indoxacarb, bifenthrin, lamda-cyhalothrin) and botanicals insecticides (Azadirachta indica, Persicaria h...

Midrar Ullah1, Nail Chand2, Abdul Kabir3, Muhammad Rasheed4, Hubdar Ali Kaleri5, Saqib Kakar5, Mubarak Ali4, Deepesh Kumar6, Asad Ali Shah1, Amir Shahb1, Muhammad Amir Khan1, Raza Ali Mangi7, Abdul Wahid Solangi5, Rameez Kaleri5,8*

...ke, FCR, dressing percentage, weight gain, mortality percentage, weight of goblet and TFT thyroid function test were performed. In this experiment total 9 hundred broiler chicks were purchased from local market and randomly divided into two groups 1 control and 1 irradiated. These groups were further distributed in two more replications with 50 birds per replication using the random treatment design. The findings our study s...

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Veasna Chem1, Young-Hwa Kim5, Jong-Pil Moon6, Chul-Ju Yang1,7* 

...glets having similar average body weight 6.83 ± 1.07 kg (mean ± std.) were randomly divided into 2 (two) incubators, control (conventional) incubator and the solar based incubator with 10 replicates each. The experimental duration was 10 weeks (70 days). Feed intake, body weight gain, electricity consumption, environmental parameters includes temperature, humidity, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentration were measured on weekly basis. There we...

Qurban Ali1, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Asad Aslam1*, Muti Ullah4, Ali Sher5, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Humaira Malik1, Muhammad Umar Qasim1, Muhammad Yasir6, Ijaz Haider1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Muhammad Jawad Saleem1

...o the Integrated Pest Management program.

...

Shabana Ehsan1*, Aneela Riaz2, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Abid Ali1, Ifra Saleem3, Muhammad Aftab3, Khalid Mehmood4, Fakhar Mujeeb1, Muhammad Asif Ali1, Hina Javed1, Fraza Ijaz1, Anwar-ul-Haq5, Khaliq-ur-Rehman3 and M. Usman Saleem

...omparatively high percentage of 46.2 % siderophore units, as shown by results between positive isolates. Out of 15 positive, 7 isolates significantly improved root/shoot growth over control in the growth chamber study. Inoculation with siderophore-producing bacteria showed a significant increase in plant height, grain yield, spike length, grain weight, no. of tillers plant-1, and wheat quality in a field trial. The results from the current study proposed that ...

Pharaoh C. Sianangama1*, Brian Tembo2, Sylvia J. Harrison1, Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,3 

... mean germination percentages of seeds in AIC differed significantly (P<0.05) between days after insemination; the mean values for other treatments did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The mean shoot lengths of seeds in AIC differed significantly (P<0.05) between days after insemination; no level of significance (P>0.05) was observed for other treatment groups. The association between treatment factor and seed germination on day 15 and 35 was 0.1...

Maham Tariq, Aqsa Akhtar and Nauman Khalid*

... healthy options for all age groups, particularly children. Fennel seed extract having the highest flavonoids and antioxidant capacity was selected to blend with carrot juice for hard candy formulation. Five different concentrations of fennel extract and carrot juice were added for the formulation of hard candy containing 30% (w/w) sugar, 30% (w/w) corn syrup, 0-40% (w/w) fennel seed extract, and 0 to 40% (w/w) carrot juice. The results showed the highest cont...

Xin Xing Dong1*, Gai Cui Bai2, Ming Li Li1, Guo Xiang Lan1, Da Wei Yan1, Xiao Yi Wang1, Qiang Chen1 and Shao Xiong Lu1*

...0) and 100 kg(D100), average daily gain between 30 kg and 100 kg (ADG), and backfat thickness of 100kg body weight (BFT) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while did not contribute birth weight and days to 50 kg body weight(D50) (P > 0.05). At g.8523 T>C site, compared to TC genotype, the individuals with TT genotype in Duroc had greater D100 and BFT (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), which had lower ADG between 30 kg and 100 kg (P < 0.01). In Yorkshire and Lan...

Sehrish Akram1, Abida Butt1* and Shakil Ahmad Khan2

...on and negative with the age of larvae. From second to fifth instars, LC50 values of IMF ranges from 0.72 to 2.96, IMT from 0.86 to 2.75 and Pb from 1.93 to 6.88 mg/L. The toxicity of binary mixture of IMF + Pb showed synergism against all instars of silkworm. While, binary mixture of IMT + Pb displayed synergism, additive, and antagonism and antagonism activity in silkworm larvae in silkworm larvae. The results of our study provide useful data for the assessm...

Sajida Batool*, Sitara Shameem, Kainat Malik and Aneela Iram

...is revealed that the average cross-sectional area (ACSA) of Bowman’s capsule was significantly (P<0.05) increased in mice raised on feed that is directly exposed to microwaves radiations while other groups showed no significant change in Bowman’s capsule as compared to control. ACSA of glomeruli and renal tubules significantly increased in direct (P<0.001) and in the plastic (P<0.01) group as compared to the control group. A significant de...
Azra Kalhoro1, Abdul Aziz Mirani2, Fozia Khan Siyal1, Tahira Jatt2*, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Sadia Iram3 and Muhammad Abbas Bhutto4
...text-align: justify;">Sewage water contains toxic heavy metals which can be translocated and accumulated in plants and subsequently transferred to human body through the food chain, yet it has become the most commonly used water source for irrigating vegetable crops in peri-urban or urban areas of several countries including in Pakistan. Karachi, the metropolitan city of Pakistan, is the largest industrial and financial hub of the country with an estimated 16 ...

Ashira Manzoor1, Imran Ahmad Khan1,2*, Muqadas Sadiq3, Muhammad Omer Iqbal4 and Shaukat Hussain Munawar5

...in-induced myocardial damage in dose-dependent manner. The cardiac tissues showed marked improvement in extract treated groups as compared to doxorubicin treated group. This research indicates that the hydro alcoholic leaf extract of C. colocynthis have exceptional cardio protective potential as compared to toxicity induced by DOX. As a result, it could be used as an alternative medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari 

...re feed consumption, average daily weight gain, feed conversion, carcass percentage, abdominal fat percentage, and taste of meat carcass. Phase 1 demonstrated that different substrate compositions had significant effects (P<0.01) on crude protein, fat, and larvae production. The conclusion of phase 1 was that treatment E (50% concentrate + 50% Tofu dregs) was an effective treatment and ...

Zheng-Yong Wen1, 2*, Chuan-Jie Qin1,2, Bin Li1,2, Rui Li1,2 and Xiao-Tao Shi3*

...sis showed that fish lineage contained two clades of leptinA and leptinB, and the pvleptin was grouped into leptinA clade and shared a close relationship with its counterpart in P. fulvidraco. Tissue distribution analysis showed that pvleptin was widely distributed with the highest mRNA expression level in liver. Two-week fasting significantly decreased the transcription level while refeeding elevated the mRNA expression level of pvleptin in liver, suggesting ...

Xibin Liu1,2,3, Weijun Guan2,* and Dong Zheng1,*

... group of cells in cartilage tissue with stem cell characteristics may be ideal seed cells for cartilage defect repair. In previous studies, stem/progenitor cells from articular cartilage have been isolated and identified in humans, horses, and bovines, but rarely in ducks. We isolated and cultured cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CPSCs) from the articul...

Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja  

...om day-old to 6 weeks of age. 320-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to a 2 (sex) × 4 (dietary treatment levels) factorial arrangement in a CRD, having 8 treatments, replicated x4 with 10 chicks/replicate. AKLM inclusion levels were at 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5g/kg dry matter (DM). Weekly feed intake (FI), live weight (LW), and growth rate (GR) were measured to obtain the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Gut characteristics were measured on days 21st an...

Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya1*, Nagwa I. Sheraiba2, Enas K. Aziz2, Noha A. Osman2, Afaf A. Kishta1 

...le tilapia having an average weight of 50.0±2.24 g was randomly distributed into 6 groups (30 fish/group/three replicates) as the following: T1 (control group) nourished with the basal diet only, T2 given the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% garlic oil, T3 given the basal diet supplemented with 1% garlic oil, T4 given the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% ginger oil, T5 given the basal diet supplemented with 1% ginger oil, and T6 given the basal diet s...

Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2 

...s caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus. CE is more prevalent and is presently identified as a significant parasite that should be prevented and controlled globally. This work investigated the immune response and apoptosis expression in hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Experimentally hydatid cysts infection of BALB/c mice was established, and the manifestation of immune actions and apoptosis were detected histopathologically and by immunohist...

Nurul Isnaini1*, Ervin Kusuma Dewi Reksadinata1, Faizal Andri1, Tri Harsi2, Ida Zahidah Irfan2 

...Aceh cattle at different ages. Three Aceh bulls were involved in this study. The semen was collected from each bull aged 6 to 10 years and the fresh and frozen semen quality was evaluated directly. The results showed that the bull age significantly affects semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, total sperm, total motile sperm, and frozen semen production of Aceh cattle (p < 0.05). Howev...

Tinda Afriani*, Endang Purwati, Yurnalis, Jaswandi, Mangku Mundana, Adisti Rastosari, Anna Farhana  

...ted from Pesisir cattle (aged 2-5 years). DNA was isolated and the targeted region was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Then the amplified products were sequenced. The results showed that the population of Pesisir cattle used in this study was polymorphic. There were 5 polymorphisms in the exon 9 and intron 9 regions, which were located at the 18 A>G, 213 T>C, +49 A>T, +232 A>C, and +252 G>A. There were 3 transition...

Siriporn Namted, Kanokporn Poungpong, Wiriya Loongyai, Choawit Rakangthong, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak* 

...ir fractions, and the dosage as feed additive on the growth performance, immune function, and gut morphology of pigs. Inconsistent results have been reported for the various yeast products utilized in the animal feed industry, with differing types of YE processing (autolysis or hydrolysis) and differing doses/responses. In a feed additive, the components of the cell wall (β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharides) and some of their cellular metabolites are key...

Lobna M.A. Salem, Nashwa O. Khalifa, Marwa O. Abd El-Halim* 

...3/51(3.9%) were larval stages and 3/51(3.9%) mixed infections}. DNA from 10 flukes extracted, amplified, and analyzed to identify species using the ITS2 locus. Ten flukes were identified as F. gigantica and F. hepatica. PCR products from 2 flukes were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The sequence of ITS2 gene isolates obtained from the present investigation were compared with GenBank reference sequences of F. hepatica, F. gigantica. The phylogeny based on ...

Muhammad Said1, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Kabir*1,2, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan3, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Khaleeq Ur Rahman Bhutto4, Muhammad Uzair1, Maaz Khan1 

...ation of the etiological agents are vital to preventing mastitis in dairy cows.

Keywords | Mastitis, Diagnosis, Bovine Mastitis, Immunoassays, Diagnostic Techniques, Chronic Mastitis 

...

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Veasna Chem1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,5, Hae-Rang Park1, Il-Byung Chung1, Young-Hwa Kim6, Chul-Ju Yang1,5* 

...ntake 

...

Syeda Batool Zehra1, Abdullah G. Arijo2, Aly Khan3, Nasira Khatoon1* and Samina Waheed1

...ere of various sexes and ages. Pinworm prevalence in children by gender from 2019 to 2020 demonstrates that females have a higher rate of incidence than males because of unsanitary circumstances and hormone production. Traditional pinworm diagnosis via PCR for pinworm detection has been performed. The findings in this research were based on two key factors: molecular analysis and statistical analysis. When traditional morphological techniques used with, molecu...

Yasemin Yıldırım Meşepınar and İlker Kepenekci*

...ps of biological control agents against soil insect pests are the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. This study assessed the effects of EPNs (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) species [Steinernema feltiae (Balıkesir isolates) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Çanakkale isolates) (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae)] detected in our country (Turkey) against the larvae and pupae of P. operculella in greenhouse-p...

Sahar M. Saber1*, Ahmed M. A. Albehwar2, Amani M. Abas3, Omaima A.A. Alshamandy2, Noha A. El said4 and Marwa Y. Hamad4

...tural economic antiviral agent against Rift Valley Fever virus which may be able to minimize the virus infection. This study was designed as a preliminary in vitro investigation of the effect of interferon-induced by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell cultures against RVFV. Such interferon was successfully obtained with high concentrations by both cell cultures up to a dilution of...

Reza Aghnoum*, Hamid-Reza Sharifi, Masoud Ghodsi and Ahmad Zare Fizabadi

...ck design with three tillage systems (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) as the main plots and three level of crop residue retention (no-residue, 30%, and 60% of residue retention) as the sub-plots that replicated three times during five consecutive cropping seasons. The results showed that fungivorous and free living nematodes exhibit...

S. M. Ashraful Karim1, Md. Shohel Al Faruk2* 

...KD. The diagnosis and management of CKD at all stages requires the use of substantial evidence-based guidelines and principles.

Keywords | CKD, Polyuria, Ultrasonography, Biochemical Parameters, Ultrasonography. 

...

Ayesha Saeed1*, Farzana Kishwar2, Ahsan Nazir3, Sharjeel Abid4, Muhammad Abiodullah5, and Danial Ali6

...and HRS as antibacterial agents in SA/PVA nanofibers through electrospinning method, which was just wet before its application. Leaf extracts were used at three concentration levels (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the formation of optimized nanofibers with diameter range from ±49 to ±545 nm. It was observed that addition of leaf extract increased the solution conductivit...

Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Atiq*, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Muhammad Usman, Ahmad Nawaz, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo, Azeem Akram and Hadeed Ahmad

...ioides is an etiological agent of this disease that adversely affects the quality as well as quantity of produce. The occurrence of disease at pre- and postharvest conditions is a common phenomenon which is responsible for potential economic losses. It has been studied that the hot and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the outbreak of disease. Therefore, integrated management of mango anthracnose is essential. It h...

Samaa M Galal1, Sally Ibrahim2, Karima Mahmoud2, Ola Adel1, Aya A. Shokry3, El-Belely MS1, Ismail Sayed Taha1* 

...g early, mid, and late stages of CL and (2) clarify the accompanied changes in progesterone (P4), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and histological evaluation through different stages of CL in buffaloes. Forty five paired samples of ovarian tissue from buffaloes were obtained from slaughterhouse. Ovaries were collected and CLs were classified morphologically into three stages: early, mid a...

Nishim Bhusal1, Bhuwan Raj Bhatt2*, Saroj Shrestha3 and Arjun Chapagain4

...tudy area with different ages, sex, stage, and breeds for examination (sedimentation method) to visualize eggs of Fasciola microscopically. The obtained data were coded and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle was found to be 15.56%. Age and sex-wise prevalence was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05), while st
Muhammad Younis1, Sami Ullah1, Fathul Bari1, Muhammad Asif2, Muhammad Ilyas2, Mahvish Rauf2, Ejaz Ur Rehman3, Rubina Noor4, Muhammad Arif4 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz5*
...khor Capra falconeri. Management and conservation efforts are assessed by using relative abundance estimates. The current study aimed to estimate relative abundance of mammalian fauna of CGNP. During the current study, 30 camera traps (motion triggered camera (Reconyx™) with infrared flash were deployed for a period of 47 days. The survey resulted in 1052 functional trap nights obtaining 5906 photographs. Results of the study show that large carnivores l...

Ahmed H. Abed1, Ahmed Orabi2*, Wafaa Hassan3, , Enas Hammad4 , Ghada Gaber5 

... given immune modulatory agents (lectins, probiotic, and essential oil) for five days without being challenged; Immune modulatory agents were given to the remaining three groups, who were also infected with E. coli O78, and one group act as an E. coli O78 challenged group. The obtained results showed improvement of the growth performance of the three groups administrated immune modulatory age<...

Muhammad Izhar ul Haque1, Farhan Anwar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Hamayun Khan1, Zia ur Rehman1, Salman Khan1, Hayatullah Khan1,2, Faisal Ahmad1,3, Mumtazur Rahman1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Saeed1, Mehboob Ali1 and Saqib Nawaz1

...ed gross lesions (hemorrhages, edematous swelling) in 35% sheep and 27% goats. Histopathological lesions were observed in intestine and MLN in 26% and 19% sheep, and 17% and 14% goats, respectively. Additionally, PCR revealed the presence of MAP in tissue samples of 5% sheep and 3% goat. This study concluded that MAP is present in the small ruminants of district Peshawar. The infection was confirmed by PCR and iELISA. The presence of MAP could be a serious thr...

Saleh M. Albarrak1*, Fahad S. Aldahmashi1,2, Abdulrhman A. Alrubayan1,2, Abdel Kader A. Zaki1,3 

...eem) and three different ages (> 3 to ≤5, ≥5 to ≤7, and >7 years). ASAs were detected in ≥ 80% of the examined animals with considerable individual variation within each group. The serum and seminal plasma ASAs indexes (%) were significantly elevated in the >7 years group compared to the >3 to ≤5 and ≥5 to ≤7 years groups (P ≤ 0.05), and in the ≥5 to ≤7 years group compared to the >3 to ≤5 years group (P &le...

Tlou Grace Manyelo1,2, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola1, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi2, Monnye Mabelebele1* 

...schveld chickens. At the age of 42 days chickens that were supplemented with 0, 10, and 20% ALM had higher (P < 0.05) white blood cells, heterophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils compared to other treatments. At the age of 90 days, the chickens which were treated with 5, 10, and 15% ALM had higher (P < 0.05) heterophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils than other treatments. However, 5% ALM had a highe...

Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3 

...o season, breed, specie, age and sex. Hematological profile of diseased animals showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in TEC, Hb, PCV, MCH and MCV while no significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in MCHC and TLC. On basis of erythrocytic indices in sheep anemia can be classified as macrocytic normochromic while in goats anemia was recorded as macrocytic hypochromic. It can be concluded from the results that anaplasmosis was the most prevalent haemo-par...

Aslı Çilingir Yeltekin

...sis (caspase- 3), DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) activity in Van fish kidney and muscle tissue after 24., 48., 72., and 96. h of tebuconazole exposure at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L. The obtained results indicated that caspase-3, 8-OHdG, and MDA levels significantly increased compared to the control (p < 0.05). The kidney and muscle tissues indicated a significant decrease in anti...

Hira Jabbin1, Muhammad Arshad1*, Naunain Mehmood1, Wardah Hassan1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2 and Farzana Siddique3

...ts during 28 days of storage. The control and chitosan coated samples were analyzed periodically at intervals of 7 days, for determination of pH, water holding capacity, water extractable proteins, salt extractable proteins, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory quality of mori fillets. The results indicated that chitosan coatings were effective in controlling pH, water loss, TBARS production, retention of water extractable proteins and s...

Akbar Hayat1*, Ehsan Ul Haque1, Marayam Nasir2, Rab Nawaz3, Tariq Mahmood4 and Sohaib Afzaal1

...l thickness, peel percentage, juice percentage, rag percentage, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, TSS/acid ratio, number of segments, and number of seeds, maturity period and degree of granularity. This was ever important study in Pakistan for evaluating the citrus exotic material of latest generation. This endeavour led to the sound recommendation of sweet oranges like Rhode Red Valenc...

Hasnain Raza1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Imran1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram2 and Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1

...rease in overall water usage. About 4.36 billion m3 (BCM) of wastewater is generated every year in Pakistan and not even 1% of the total wastewater gets treated before its disposal. The reported research aims to assess the concentration of contaminants in wastewater. Samples of wastewater were collected from Wali Muhammad Canal, Multan, and analyzed for heavy metals (HMs) including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickle (Ni), and zinc (Zn), along with basic physico...

Ishtiaq Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees1, Maryam2, Irfan Ashraf3, Ambreen Maqsood4 and Muhammad Saqib5 

...area and moisture percentage were significantly higher in oven dry method, followed by sundry with minimum reduction in shade dry method. The depletion in Cu and Fe contents was statistically high in oven drying method, followed by shade dry and sun drying, respectively; however, Zn and Mn contents were not significantly affected by any of drying method. Cu contents were significantly higher in black mulberry; however, Fe, Mn and Zn were similar in both specie...

Adefunke Fadilat O. Ayinde1*, Peter Allison Johnston2, Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi3, Purnamita  Dasgupta4 and Dare  Akerele5

...avannah) using a multi-stage sampling technique. Farmers perceived climate variability as unpredictable weather situation over the years (65.41%), though some (23.31%) perceived it as the act of God or the wrath of God (11.28%). In terms of adaptation measures, 63.4% of the respondents had access to the weather forecast, some (55.4%) utilise it, while 58.4% engaged in artisanship (blue-collar jobs) and vegetable production (...

Sanwal Masood1, Dildar Ahmed2, Silvia Machado1 and Sohaib Aslam1*

...s such as industries, sewage/wastewater drains, and agricultural practices. In the present study, water samples were collected and analyzed for selected physicochemical parameters including toxic metals for determining the impact of land uses on the ground water quality of Lahore, Pakistan. Our results showed that water of three sites namely Shadman, Samnabad and Township had the TDS above 300 mgL-1 and this value was comparatively greater than samples of othe...

Ty Nguyen, Giang Thi Huong Phung, Lan Le Thuy Hoang and Giang Van Tran*

...cies conservation and management at the Tam Giang Cau Hai Wetland Reserve. Research results showed that this species distributed in the North has a size ranging from 101.7 to 160.7 mm, with an average of 137 mm, corresponding to a weight of 10.6 - 35.6 g, with an average of 25.2 g, the fish distributed in the South has a size ranging from 112.4 - 172.7 mm with an aver...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...l changes induced by carrageenan in the mice model. Mice were induced edema via λ-carrageenan (50µl/ mice) and different concentrations of sericin (0.03 mg/ml, 0.06 mg/ml and 0.09 mg/ml) and curcumin (1%, 2%, and 3%) were administered to the respective groups, then blood was collected for hematological analysis to observe the mean count of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells (neutrophils, mono...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...l changes induced by carrageenan in the mice model. Mice were induced edema via λ-carrageenan (50µl/ mice) and different concentrations of sericin (0.03 mg/ml, 0.06 mg/ml and 0.09 mg/ml) and curcumin (1%, 2%, and 3%) were administered to the respective groups, then blood was collected for hematological analysis to observe the mean count of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells (neutrophils, mono...

Sherif Abdelghany1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer2, Mohamed Ali Radwan1, Rania Agamy1 

...d-lactation, with an average of 4.4 parties and an average herd size of 1.28 and 1.19 head/farm for Nile Valley and Newly Reclaimed districts, respectively. A structured questionnaire survey was designed, and field interviews were conducted to collect data and to characterize the current situation. Representative feed staff and milk samples were collected and analyzed. Feeding practices efficiency indicators were calculated ...

Mahmut Islamoglu

... provide important advantages in the fight against this pest. In this study; The effects of air temperature, soil temperature, humidity, soil moisture and photoperiod on the migration of Sunn pest from aestivation sites to overwintering sites were investigated in 2020 and 2021. For this purpose; air temperature, soil temperature, humidity, soil moisture and photoperiod values were recorded with the HOBO device in the overwintering sites. According to the findi...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...response of all larval stages of C. carnea is calculated over a time of 24h at different prey densities (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50). Functional response of three larval instars was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption ...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...response of all larval stages of C. carnea is calculated over a time of 24h at different prey densities (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50). Functional response of three larval instars was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption ...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...response of all larval stages of C. carnea is calculated over a time of 24h at different prey densities (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50). Functional response of three larval instars was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption ...

Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2 

...al of 280 Mojosari ducks aged 20–28 weeks were used in the second step. The study comprised a descriptive analysis and a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications with eight Mojosari laying ducks in each experimental unit. An extraction and maceration were employed during the early screening of the bioactive compound of turmeric. The treatments consisted of T0 = basal diet, T1 = basal diet + 0.2% turmeric, T2 = basal diet + 0...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Naila Chand1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...i (Brown) laying hens of age 28 weeks were brought for the experimental purpose and reared up to 40 weeks of age. All birds were divided into 4 groups with 4 replicate per group containing 10 birds per replicate and offered the corn-soybean meal diet with soybean hull (3,%, 6 %, and 9 %) respectively. Results showed that during all phases, feed intake and weight gain were (P<0.05) higher in the control group, while feed c...

Noha M. Abd El-Azeem*, Hemat A. Abdel Magied, Mervat N. Ghazal, Nehad A. Ramadan, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem, Y. S. Hussein, Heba H. Habib 

...ew-Zealand White rabbits age 6 months and weighting 3.2 kg were assigned randomly into six treatment groups. The treatments were fed basal diet as control (G1), basal diet plus 0.3 % turmeric (G2), 0.05 % MOS® (G3), 0.015 % Biostrong® 510 (G4), 0.05 % MOS +0.3 % turmeric (G5) and 0.05% MOS +0.015 % Biostrong (G6), respectively. Rabbits fed with turmeric, MOS and Biostrong recorded a significant (P≤0.05) increase in doe weight at mating, prepartum, p...

Irshad Ahmad1,2*

... be limited with the passage of time due to the insubstantial resources available for wild fish harvesting. Therefore, other sources of feedstuffs need to be investigated to substitute FM and FO in aquafeeds. Terrestrial crops can be used to substitutes a portion of the FM however; they can result in changes in the nutritional quality of the fish produced. Microalgae can be considered as a favorable alternative that can substitute FM and FO ensuring the princi...
Nuzhat Kamal1, Muhammed Sajjad Ansari2*, Bushra Allah Rakha1, Shamim Akhter1, Saima Qadeer1 and Ali Akhter1
...gen (-196°C) for storage. After 24 h of storage, straws were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds and assessed for sperm motility (%), plasma membrane integrity (%), viability (%), normal apical ridge (%) and chromatin integrity (%). Sperm motility was recorded higher in extender containing 15mM alanine compared to control. Sperm viability was recorded higher in extender containing alanine 10, 15, 20mM compared to control. ...

Mingqing Wang1 and Xiaojuan Chen2,*

...one. According to the dosage of glucocorticoid methylprednisolone, the patients were divided into three groups, each containing 60 patients. The changes of arterial blood gas parameters including pH value, oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) were compared. We found that respiratory stimulant combined with different doses of glucocorticoid methylprednisolone positively improve the pH value of patients with acidosis, increa...
Thobela Louis Tyasi*, Innocent Mokhwee Mohlabeng and Lebelo Joyceline Selala
... total of 40 Dorper rams aged between 1 to 5 years were used for data collection. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between BW, TL, TD and SC, and Spearman’ rho correlation was used to determine the relationship between BCS, BW, TL, TD and SC. Pearson’s correlation results indicated that BW had a positively high statistical significant correlation with TL (r = 0.64), TD (r = 0.64) and SC (r = 0.64). Spearman’s...

V. Sunitha*, V. Vasudeva Rao, V. Ravinder Reddy, P. Venkateshwarlu, A.V.L.N. Ramalingeswar Rao and B. Naresh

...ted owlet as bio control agent in agricultural landscape by knowing its food habits. A total of 282 pellets were collected during the study period were analyzed and identified by using standard keys.The diet of the owlet was predominantly insects (51%) followed by rodents (33%), herpetofauna (9.5%) and unidentified invertebrates (6.5%). Among the rodents (33%) Rattus rattus, Bandicota bengalensis, Funambulus palamaram, Mus musculus and Mus booduga. The insects...

Iqra Qazi1, Sohail Raza1*, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Avais2

...lated to animal species, age, herd size, parity, breeding method and housing management was filled at sample collection time. The serum samples were processed by indirect ELISA to detect antibodies against BoHV-1. The overall sero-prevalence was 68.40%. Post pubertal animals (>3yrs) contributing more to disease occurrence. High sero-positivity was observed in buffalo (73.12%) as compared to cattle (60%) moreover, the sero...

Anum Syyam1,2, Nazish Saqlain1, Sidra Hareem1, Naghmana Mazhar1, Liaqat Ali3 and Samia Afzal2*

...and females = 30, median age 27 years ± 6.4 SD). Estimation of IgM type anti-A and anti-B titers was done using the standard tube technique and the samples positive for hemolysis were further evaluated for titers of IgG type anti-A and anti-B. All the titers were confirmed microscopically. The total prevalence of IgG anti-A and anti-B hemolysins was 15.9%. The most frequently observed IgM anti-A and anti-B titers were 64 in 29.4% (n = 103) and 32 in 24....

Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1

Qingyue Han1, Ying Li1, Jichang Deng1, Kunxuan Huang1, Yanyang Yang1, Quanwei Li1, Zhuowei Zhang1, Na Qiao1, Yanju Ji2, Khalid Mehmood3, Sarfaraz Ali Fazlani4, Hui Zhang1 and Zhaoxin Tang1*

...40 sows of 7 gestational age with good health and nutritional condition were divided into four groups (n=10): the control group, low calcium, 25(OH)D3 group and low calcium with 25(OH)D3 group. Each groups consist of 5 piglets, randomly selected and euthanized within 2 h after birth. After euthanasia, heart was collected for histopathological examination and IGF, IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP3, PCNA and ki67 expression were analyzed. The results showed that low calcium su...

K. H. El-Kholy1*, Enayat Hassan Abo El-Azayem2, Safaa Ataya Barakat2, Mona Gamel Mohamed3, Sara H. M. Hassab1 

...g rabbits. APRI rabbits (age = 6 weeks, n = 60) were split equally into four groups (n = 15 in each group). First group was fed a basal diet only (control group, G1), while the other three groups fed a basal diet along with 0.5 (G2), 1.0 (G3) and 2.0 g (G4) AV leaves powder/kg diet. The results revealed that, AV addition at its highest levels (G3 and G4) significantly (P≤0.05) increased the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed efficiency. The AV in...

Chattida Panprom1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Wannisa Meepoo1, Soontaree Petchdee2* 

...ith valve degeneration stages C or D who underwent general anesthesia for surgical treatment were included in this study. All dogs in this study were assigned to receive diazepam 0.3 mg/kg body weight, alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg body weight, and a perioperative fluid rate of 5 ml/kg/hr. An appropriate assessment before and during surgery may help to prevent adverse events and preserve cardiovascular functions. This case report provides recommendations for anesthetic...

Maria Al Mazed1*, Md. Ashikur Rahman1 and Sk. Istiaque Ahmed2

... lesions in liver and damages in kidney. They are also causing infertility in animals. Chronic exposure and excessive concentrations are also deleterious for the normal physiological functions of human. Consumption of fishes contaminated with toxic metals are neurotoxic and carcinogenic to blood, lungs, kidneys, bones, liver and other vital organs of human. The present review outlines the contamination of aquatic environment with heavy metals and their contagi...

Faiq Ahmad1, Shahen Shah1*, Muhammad Amin2, Ikram Ullah3, Sajid Ali4, Maaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakur5 and Sajjad Khan6

...t-align: justify;">To manage nitrogen sources i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and urea with and without beneficial microbes (BM) for improving phenology and crop stand of wheat, research was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during 2019-20. The experiment comprised of nitrogen application from integrated sources (50% FYM + 50% urea + BM, 50% FYM + 50% PM + BM, 50% PM + 50% urea + BM, 50% FYM + 50% ...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar1, Farah Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3 and Muhammad Jan4

...m rooting 56.8% with average number of roots per cutting 4.4 and root length 4.3 cm was observed. This treatment also showed higher callusing 80.5%, sprouting 83.3% and survival rate 51.1% as compared to all other treatments. Among other treatments T5 (IBA+PB) and T4 (IBA+UP) are ranked second and third respectively in term of higher rooting ability. The minimum rooting was observed in T7 (UP+PB). The present study demonstrated the effect of combined treatment...

Zarnosh Habib1, Muhammad Ibrahim2*, Nasir Shah2, Israr Ullah3 and Norman Javed Gill4

... at different host pupae ages (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) in laboratory at 25 ± 2ºC, 60 ± 5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of DL 14:10 h. The observations indicated a significant effect of different depths of host pupae and its age on the amount of parasitism by parasitoid. Maximum significant (F = 10.78, P < 0.0001) parasitized pupae were recorded at 72 h of age at s...

Ghani Akbar*, Zafar Islam, Muhammad Umar and Shahi Salam

...d reduced (3%) deep drainage losses than the FB treatment. However, the WB treatment reduced (7.5%) crop yield, but increased the WPi (242%) and saved (73%) irrigation water. Thus, optimally managed furrow and drip irrigated raised beds can be helpful for the sustainable production of rice by reducing irrigation applications, eliminating the puddling and standing water under the conventional flat basin flooding method. ...

Muhammad A. Ahmad1, Shabbir Hussain2*, Humera A. Awan3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Muhammad Saeed1

... during various growth stages of the crop. Control measurements were also performed involving water spray only under the identical conditions. The PGRs spray has resulted in a significant rise of leaf development, stem growth and height of the wheat plants. The PGRs concentrations of 100ppm and 150ppm were proved to be most effective and possessed the momentous potential to increase the plant growth as well as yield of the wheat crop. It was concluded that the...

Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*

...revealed that the percentage of pods plant-1, weight pod-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, and harvest index were significantly affected by different varieties, and their interaction with the harvest at various flowering flushes. Inqelab Mung give higher yield compared to other varieties by producing 26 and 37 percent (63 percent) of its total yield in the 1st and 2nd flushes, respectively, with maturity for both flushes in around 63 days. In addition, its yi...

Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*

...revealed that the percentage of pods plant-1, weight pod-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, and harvest index were significantly affected by different varieties, and their interaction with the harvest at various flowering flushes. Inqelab Mung give higher yield compared to other varieties by producing 26 and 37 percent (63 percent) of its total yield in the 1st and 2nd flushes, respectively, with maturity for both flushes in around 63 days. In addition, its yi...

Khalid Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Zubeda Parveen1, Sohail Abbas2, Ali Raza3 and Abdul Ghaffar1

...ls of integrated pest management (IPM), which act as indicators of population trends and fluctuation of flying insects. These traps were evaluated at different growth stages of wheat (seedling, tillering and dough stage) and trap height (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 meter) on the basis of mean aphid collection and species richness. Results indicated that population appeared in the standard week (SW) 5...

Khalid Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Zubeda Parveen1, Sohail Abbas2, Ali Raza3 and Abdul Ghaffar1

...ls of integrated pest management (IPM), which act as indicators of population trends and fluctuation of flying insects. These traps were evaluated at different growth stages of wheat (seedling, tillering and dough stage) and trap height (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 meter) on the basis of mean aphid collection and species richness. Results indicated that population appeared in the standard week (SW) 5...

Istna Mangisah1*, Heni Rizqiati2, Nyoman Suthama1 

...ler chickens with an average body weight of 45.61 ± 3.46 g, a total of 160 birds, were placed evenly in 20 experimental plots. The treatment tested was the LDTE level in 100 grams of feed, LDTE0 = without LDTE, LDTE1 = 1 mL, LDTE2 = 2 mL, and LDTE3 = 3 mL. The treatment was given for 21 days, starting from d-1 until d-21. Intestinal microbial population, weights of digestive and immune organs, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of broiler s...

Kirana D.D. Adiputra1*, Tulus Maulana3 , Ekayanti M. Kaiin3, H. Hasbi2, Herry Sonjaya2 

... and two Simmental bulls aged 5-6 were used. The parameters observed in the fresh semen were volume, pH, colour, motility, viability, abnormality, intact plasma membrane, and concentration. Meanwhile, parameters observed in frozen semen were motility, viability, abnormality, intact plasma membrane, acrosome status, DNA integrity, and movement patterns. Viability and abnormality parameters were stained with eosin-nigrosine, intact plasma membrane was stained wi...

Abdul Kabir1, Muhammad Rasheed2, Hubdar Ali Kaleri5, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Mithan Kumar4, Raza Ali Mangi6, Abdul Wahid Solangi4, Sheva Dari1, Saqib Kakar4, Panah Munir4, Ekra Akbar4 and Rameez Raja Kaleri4,5*

... produce. In order to manage our agriculture and livestock sectors in the best interests of both producers and consumers, we need an effective and quick action plan. The first step is to ensure that farm produce, livestock feed, and veterinary medication can circulate freely. Many critical services, for example, were not affected by the lockdown. Essential services such as food, feed, and agricultural inputs have been identified.

...

Amber Khalid1*, Farah Ashfaq1, Shahzadi Farah1, Amna Akbar1, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Muhammad Babar Khawar2, Saira Riaz3 and Safina Ashfaq3

...nd hypertension in later age due to alteration of different serological parameters. In conclusion weight is associated with biochemical parameters. Any alteration in these parameters may cause health issues. Effective pediatric interventions are essential.

...

Ahmed Rizk1, Gomaa Said Ramadan2*, Alaa Eldin Abdou3, Ossama Ahmed El-Weshahy1, Omer Sayed Rashed1 

...ody weight at 8 weeks of age compared with the Mamourah local strain. The selection was applied for three generations. Body weight at sexual maturity (BWSM), age at sexual maturity (ASM), and egg production traits (EP) from 36 - 42 weeks of age were also applied. Our results showed that the average body weight for Tanta G-1 and Mamourah chicken strains...

Reda Hassan*, Bahaa Abou-shehema, Sherif Zayed, Micheal Gorgy, Shama Morsy, El-Sayed Abu El-Hassan, Mahmoud El-Gbaly, Hanaa Basuony, Ebtehal Hassan 

...ing 1 – 42 days of age. Eight hundred broiler chicks were arbitrarily assigned for 8 treatments of 5 replicates (each contained 20 chicks). On the other hand, chickens were offered the basal dietas Negative Control (NC, group 1); the other three groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed NC supplemented with 0.5% HSCAS, SC and HSCAS plus SC respectively, group 5 chicks were fed a basal diet contaminated with 1ppm AFB1 as Positive Control (PC), the other three groups 6,...

Ibrahim El-Ratel1*, Mostafa El-Moghazy2, Amira El-Gaml2, Ibrahim Abu El-Naser2 

...ed semen size and percentages of motility, acrosome status, integrity of membrane, total sperm output, sperm concentration, sperm mitochondrial potential, and initial semen fructose. All PEE levels increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, immunoglobulin, and antibody titer, while reduced lysozyme. All PEE levels improved antioxidants capacity, while reduced malondialdehyde in blood serum and in seminal plasma. Advanced m...

Olatokunbo Hammed Osinowo1*, Maria Gbemisola Ogunnaike1 and Esther Toluwatope Tolorunju

...value added (as a percentage of GDP), the headcount ratio of people living in poverty at $1.9 per day, farm mechanization, government agricultural expenditure, irrigation, human capital, and telecommunications technology. The results of this study show that, despite an increasing trend in agricultural technology improvements, poverty is still a regional problem in West Africa. It was noted that the value added by agriculture (as a percent...

Phan Truong Khanh* and Tran Thi Hong Ngoc

...ence seasonal water shortages. This, coupled with the increasing frequency and severity of droughts, perhaps linked to climate change, is impacting adversely on rice production. The overall purpose of the study is planning of irrigation scheduling, it requires information of precise quantity of water needed by crop in a certain set of meteorological condition of the region. Moreover, determination of water requirement for crop is a first st

Rezqita Putri Pitaloka1, Kartiawati Alipin1, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2, Gemilang Lara Utama3, Ramdan Panigoro2, Ratu Safitri1* 

...ll death. Iron chelating agents such as deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox have been used to treat iron overload, but their uses are inconvenient caused by their side effects. Therefore, the invention of an alternative chelating agent with a more efficient effect, convenient uses, and affordable is essential, which can be done with natural plants. Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains active compounds, such as...

Antonius1,3, Anuraga Jayanegara2*, Komang Gede Wiryawan2, Simon Petrus Ginting3, Anjas Asmara Samsudin4, Elizabeth Wina5 

...d higher (P<0.05) average daily gain of 52.87% and 48.05% than that of control, respectively. The mutton tenderness level of T1 increased from tough scale in the control treatment to quite tender. In conclusion, gambir leaf extract addition did not negatively affect palatability and nutrient intake, increased average daily gain for Boerka goats, increased tenderness, and maintained physical quality and nutritional value o...

Nosheen Jehajo*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah and Naheed Shah

...ses suffer from great damage and weight loss due to attack of Cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), thus, it was important to handle the pest infestation on legume grains in order to reduce the economic losses. A laboratory experiment was conducted in August-November, 2019. The experiment was laid out at (30±2 ºC and 65±5% relative humidity), to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of Azadirach...

Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak 

...nt. A total of 280 birds aged 70 days were enrolled in the study, which included seven experimental diets supplemented with EOs of black pepper, turmeric, and fennel at rates of 0%, 1%, and mixed diet at 0.5%. Hen-day egg production, feed efficiency, egg volume, and shell weight were significantly improved (p<0.05) with the mixed diet supplemented with black pepper and turmeric. The egg shape index was considerably enhanced (p<0.05) while the egg cholest...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy  

...i chickens at 6 weeks of age (334±9.5 g/bird), and 10 birds per unit (balanced sex) were in the treatment. All treatments were added 4% (DM) of fermented feed to the basal diet. The trial lasted 9 weeks with Noi chickens from 6 to 14 weeks of age. The results showed when adding yeast feed at 4% (DM) to the diet of Noi chickens, there is an increase the weight and decrease in FCR of Noi chickens. Especially the PM tre...

Chanathip Thammakarn1*, Sawanya Umphonphison1, Paitoon Kaewhom2, Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat1 

...s all types of pig as in age categories. The PCR result illustrated that there was no viral gene in seronegative serum. While 0.8% of total low positive serum samples displayed positive by PCR. In addition, 3.23% of total high positive serum samples showed positive by PCR. The present study is the first nationwide serological prevalence of PCV2 antibody report since two decades of PCV2 vaccines was applied in Thailand. The results proved that high prevalence o...

Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Azam Niazi, Muhammad Ishaq and Mubbashira Nazir

...is a need for policy package for improving gram production in gram area. The package may include gram crop insurance packages to farmers that motivate them to enhance the area under gram. To make gram competitive there is need to provide level playing field i.e., support price policy, for gram as is provided to wheat the major competing crop in the pulses area.

...

Abdullah Al Musabbir1, Md Abedur Rahman2*, Naveed Anjum2, 3 and Mustajab Ali4,5

...er cutters on residue management in the planter. A new rotary blade (Blade B) along with roller cutter was designed and their effect on the residue management was investigated. However, to justify the effectiveness of newly designed rotary blade, the traditional blade (Blade A) was also considered in addition to Blade B. Experimental results showed that the straw accumulation in strip tillage<...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho1, Qurban Ali3, Din Muhammad Soomro1 and Zubair Ahmed Soomro1

...s maculatus L.) often damage the stored grains to such an extent that a huge quantity of total production is significantly affected. For last few years, a substantial consideration has been given globally to different botanical oils due to their pesticidal properties and environmental safety. In this context, we evaluated the insecticidal effect of four botanical oils against C. maculatus including neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), rocket seeds (Erucas ...

Sara Magdy Hashim1, Elshaimaa Ismael2, Mohamed Tarek3, Faten Fathy Mohammed1*, Fatma Amer Abdel Reheem3, Rawhia Esawy Doghaim1 

...estic ducks of different ages from seven Egyptian governorates from period 2018 to 2020. Tissue specimens were allocated for HPAI H5N8 diagnosis using rRT-PCR and the results were 66 positive samples with the highest incidence in the Giza governorate. The winter season showed the highest incidence with 28 positive samples. For more characterization, the full HA gene was sequenced, followed by phylogenetic analysis according to the year examined, mortality rate...

Ahmed Abdul Gafar

...rs are male, with an average age of 34 years with majority 87% reside in rural areas. Most of the farmers are aware of the existence and dangers of COVID-19. Although there was considerable free movement of rural farmers to access their farms, inputs especially fertilizer has been the major constraints to production. More so, most farmers were only able to sell 1-20% of their paddy rice during the period. Evidence suggest th...

Ifrah Amjad1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Muhammad Kashif1, Muhammad Noman1, Sajid Ali2, Rizwan Ahmed Shaikh3, Muhammad Babar4, Muhammad Asim Bhutta5 and Amna Bibi5

...tion and survival percentage of fiveSub1 genotypes along with two high yielding local cultivars. All Sub1 genotypes showed less elongation percentages than Super Basmati and KSK-133 while maximum survival percentage was observed in IR-07-F289 Sub1 followed by Swarna Sub1 and FR-13A. Five rice genotypes (FR-13A, Swarna Sub1, Ciherang Sub1, IR-07-F289 Sub1 and IR-44 Sub1) along with two high...

Mushtaq Hussain Soomro1, Jan Muhammad Mari1, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal2* and Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar2

...nspicuous habitat and damage. Considering the effectiveness of aggregation pheromone (Ferrolure+) against RPW in different regions of the world, we started experiments in June 2018 to evaluate the synergistic effect of various food baits on the performance of Ferrolure+ against RPW. Three locally available food baits i.e., date palm, sugarcane, and banana along with Ferrolure+ (positive control) and detergent water (negative control) were evaluated against RPW...

Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Syed Sultan Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan2, Muhammad Dildar Gogi3, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Tahir Hussain Awan4, Tahir Latif4, Mohsin Ali Raza1, Muhammad Afzal5 and Nadeem Rehman6

...s (growth rate, grain damage and grain losses) of T. castaneum on four rice cultivars (Super Basmati, Basmati 515, Super Basmati 2019 and Super Gold) and their components (Paddy, Brown rice and Polished rice) under controlled conditions. Results indicated that maximum growth rate (64.00), grain damage (76.67%), and grain weight loss (5.15%) were recorded on polished rice of Basmati 515 as compared to other cultivars and thei...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Azizullah1, Muhamamd Farooq Bhatti2, Shaukat Ali1, Muhamamd Summer1 and Farman Ahmad Chaudhary3

...usmn; 15.58m) and percentage of fibroin (85.57 ± 0.28) (with less percentage of sericin (18.61 ± 0.28%). Furthermore, lowest (finer) denier (1.82 ± 0.07) was recorded in G2 larval group fed with 5% sericin. It is concluded from this study that 3% honey and 5% sericin (solitary) have constructive effect on the biological and economical traits of B. mori. 
 
Novelty Statem...

Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1*, Ayesha Ahsan2, Amir Afzal1, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Muhammad Jan1, Kashif Ali1, Muhammad Arsalan1 and Rizwan Latif3

...l. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test were used to measure the total phenolic content of oil and leaf extracts. Bioactive components included in plant extracts, such as tocopherol, chlorophyll, carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and other scavenging components, make them more potent. Thus, the 50µg/ml concentration plant extract solution has the lowest radical scavenging percent

Riaz Noor Panhwar1*, Abdul Fatah Soomro1, Muhammad Chohan1, Illahi Bux Bhatti1, Ali Hassan Mari1, Samia Arain1 and Sagheer Ahmad2

...ercial cane sugar percentage) traits. Experiments were conducted in plant crop for two consecutive years 2018-19 and 2019-20 during the autumn cropping season at Makli farm of PARC-National Sugar and Tropical Horticulture Research Institute (NSTHRI), Thatta, Pakistan. A total of four sugarcane genotypes i.e., YtTh-1701, YtTh-1705, YtTh-1707, and YtTh-1730 against standard variety Thatta-10 as check were tested. The genotypes were developed from the exotic fuzz...

Umair Faheem1*, Madiha Mobeen Khan2, Qurban Ali3, Muhammad Jamil4, Wajiha Anum2, Mashal Rehman2, Imran Akhtar2, Mussurrat Hussain1, Qaisar Abbas1, Ghayour Ahmad5 and Abrar Ahmad6

... useful tools for the management of aphids in Brassica crop. This trial was executed at the farm of Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur to report the impact of aphid damage on yield and yield parameters on Brassica juncea. Five varieties/strains i.e. BRJ-9070, BRJ-9072, BRJ-1004, BRJ-1104 and KP Raya were grown in two sets with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and there were three replications. No pes...

Andi Tenri Bau Astuti Mahmud1, Lellah Rahim2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2*, Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati2, Wempie Pakiding2 

...tensively in individual cages. Chicks were reared from 24 to 70 days old. Data on feed consumption and body weight gain were collected every week. The residual feed intake value was calculated based on the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and mid-body weight metabolism regression results. At the end of the study (on the 70th day), the chicken was then slaughtered ...

Marwa S. Khattab1*, Ahmed H. Osman1, Huda O. AbuBakr2, Rehab A. Azouz3, Asmaa A. Azouz4, Heba S. Farag5 

...unohistochemistry of collagen were performed. Results: Ivermectin was detected in 36 samples, out of them 15 contained high ivermectin levels (100 ppb). Chlorpyrifos, piperonyl butoxide, and acetamiprid were below the limit of quantification in 3 samples only. Histopathology of tick-infested skin revealed severe multifocal eosinophilic dermatitis and inflammation of subcutaneous hypodermis (panniculitis) whereas, in the skin with high ivermectin residue, there...

Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati1*, Budi Santoso1, Fedik Abdul Rantam2, Widjiati3, Budi Iman Santoso4, Tri Hastono Setyo Hadi1, Gatut Hardianto1, Hari Paraton1  

...ed 3-4.5 kg. The first stage of the study created a model of a vesicovaginal fistula. The second stage of the study closed the vesicovaginal fistula which was successfully created in the first stage. The study used a post-test-only control group design. The histological examination included fibroplasia, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and collagen de...

Kamel Etman Ibrahim Etman*, Salah Kamal Sayed, Farouk Amin El-Sayed, Abd-Alghany Hasaneen Ghoniem, Mostafa Mohamed El-Nahrawy, Mona Ahmed Alsayed Farag 

...ture (CFM), 30 % corn silage (CS) and 10 % alfalfa hay (AH). The 2nd and 3rd animal groups were fed control ration supplemented with 5 gm probiotics bacteria and 10 gm fibrolytic enzyme per head , respectively. The experiment lasted about 180 days. Animals fed rations B and C appeared improvement in daily live body weight (LBW) gain with rate of 8.43 % and 13.19%, respectively. Consequently, animals fed supplemented rations showed significant better feed util...

Mochamad Rizal Umami1, Zainuri*2, Sebastiana Viphindrartin2 and Rafael Purtomo Somaji2

...key informants by multistage sampling technique. The data processing includes data reduction, data display using Decision Explorer version 3.3 software. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods and content analysis. The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic formed a new pattern of sugarcane trading system, switching from a contractual trade model to a free market model (redeemer). The model refutes the theory stating that the contractual model will be m...
Amber Iqbal1, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Z. H. Shah3,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Moazama Batool4, Muhammad Bilal5, Naheed Bano6, Ayesha Khizar2 and Sumbal Iqbal7
... during refrigerated storage was investigated. Six graded levels of vitamin E, between 0-125 mg/kg vitamin E, were fed to fish. After 60-day feeding trial, fish were sacrificed, fillets were stored in refrigerator at -20°C and analyzed on 0, 15 and 30th day of storage. Upon refrigeration the vitamin E fed fish showed reduced level of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at all storage<...

Yar Muhammad Jalbani1,2*, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Kiran Nazish2 and Yang Shuming1

...urately estimate the storage life of chilled chicken meat to avoid economical losses and provide the basis for standard regulations assessing meat storage life. For analyzing the storage life of chilled chicken meat rapidly, the samples were analyzed on Day 0, 3, 5, 7 and Day 10 using near infra-red spectroscopy approach combined with chemometrics tool of data driven soft independent model...

He-Cai Zhang, Tian-Ge Hu, Chang-Ying Shi, Guang-Wen Chen* and De-Zeng Liu

...ouse conservation and management strategy regarding freshwater planarians and contribute to the biodiversity in the long run.

...

Sayed H. Al Habty1, Dina N.Ali2* 

...cin, in different percentages. blaz, mecA and VanA genes were detected at 60% for blaz gene, 40% for mecA gene and 20% for vanA gene. Lactoferrin has a satisfactory antibacterial activity Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at 10mg/ml and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) at 40mg/ml. The results revealed that 40mg/ml LF in yogurt could inhibit MDR S. aureus at 2nd day while, 20mg/ml at the 4th day. The study concluded that LF can be used as a bio preservat...

Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5

... independent variables: (age, gender, upbringing, academic qualification, specialization, duration of service in agricultural extension, training courses, and the use of information sources in the Domain of climate change). The research population included 73 employees of the Directorate of Extension of Duhok. The designed questionnaire was consisted of two parts, first one included the personal, vocational, and communication variables of the respondents, and ...

Khalid Farooq, Muhammad Tahir and Nazir Ahmad Khan*

...rcity of good quality forages, and no or insufficient feeding of concentrates. The present study was carried out to address this issue, by developing maize silage and ryegrass forage blend based fattening rations. Five diets containing maize silage and ryegrass in the ratios of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and 70:30 on dry matter (DM) basis in the for

Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman1, Faiz-ul Hassan1* and Muhammad Sajjad Khan2

...tions of 73 primers (average 8.2 bands per prime). Only seven primers amplified no product or unidentifiable (smeared) bands. A total of 68 polymorphic bands were observed, showing 11.25 % polymorphism on average across cattle breeds. Results revealed a low genetic variation among the cattle breeds. A RAPD primer OPF-07 was able to discriminate more than one cattle breed. Phylogenetic analysis showed the relatively high simi...

Asim Zubair1*, Zohaib Atta Mehdie2, Iffat Batool3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Ayesha Aziz5

...r area of agriculture damaged by flood during 2010 and2011 and now in 2022 same as previously 9.1 million acres agricultural land is affected by floods and now the flood situation is worse than the past. Being an agrarian country more than 70% labour force of Pakistan depends on the agriculture. Due to climate changes people living or depending on agricultural sector for their livelihoods are facing much serious problem as their production in agricultural sect...

Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Muhammad Azeem Afzal1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2, Hafiz Muhammad Yousuf2, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1 and Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1 

...erpreted by software packages 1X1D using ABEM Terrameter SAS-4000. The different 05 sites were selected for ERS after identifying feasible locations. Data acquired was processed using the Schlumberger electrode configuration (SEC) to determine the characteristics of target layer. The results showed that groundwater level (GWL) at Havelian Cantt sites was at 69 ft average depth with resistivity values between 35-56 ohm-m and ...
Farah Abid1,2, Mohammad Saleem1,3*, Tahir Maqbool4, Tania Ahmed Shakoori5, Faheem Hadi4, Tahir Muhammad4, Saira Aftab4, Yasir Hassan7 and Shabana Akhtar4,6*
...actor and bone and cartilage erosion after treatment with E-AM. Collectively, our findings suggest that E-AM extract might have potential to perform anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity which could have beneficial impact for the patients associated with arthritis.

...

Saima Rubab1,3*, Ghazala H Rizwani2, Arjumand Iqbal Durrani3, Iram Liaqat4*, Urooj Zafar5, Mahjabeen6, Farah Batool7, Noor-E- Seher3, Naveera Younas3 and Ayesha Sadiqa8

...omparatively high percentage yield of ethanolic extract of all plant parts, hence was employed for evaluating the antimicrobial potential against 11 Gram positive bacteria, 9 Gram negative bacteria, 2 yeasts, 2 dermatophytes and 7 saprophytes. The petroleum ether seed extract and methanolic leaf extract was evaluated for the comparative anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential using different parameters like licking - biting response, inflammation of hind paw...
Serkan Özkaya1*, Oktay Özkan2, Sabri Erbas3, Isa Gökhan Yalçın4, Dariusz Piwczynski5 and Wojciech Neja5 
...r (OW) could serve as an agent of reducing the effects of oxidative stress while improving the growth performance of suckling Holstein calves. Twenty-eight newborn calves (n=7, in each group) were randomly selected and assigned to the following four treatments: Control, 40, 60 and 80 ml OW supplemented whole milk (WM) per day. The applied 60 and 80 ml OW tended to improve the antioxidative stress mechanism of calves while supporting their growth (e.g., total a...

Sumreen Begum, Atta-ur-Rahman and Asmat Salim*

...h respect to nephron lineage and pluripotency during postnatal renal development and at adult stage of rat kidney. In the current study, the mRNA levels of nephron genes were analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR in neonatal and adult rat kidney tissues. These genes were divided into three categories. Group 1: renal multipotent progenitor genes; Group 2: self-renewal and pluripotency genes; Group 3 pluripotent state regulato...

Ahmed Fathy1, Rania A. Hassan2, Essam S. Soliman3* 

...days in milk (DIM/days), age at first calving (AFC/months), calving interval (CI/months), days open (DO/days), dry period (DP/weeks), number of services per conception (SPC rate), and days to first insemination (DFI/days). The raw data on 927 buffaloes (763 crossbred and 164 Baladi buffaloes) were collected from a dairy farm in Al Sharqia governorate- Egypt. The results showed that MY/kg, DIM/days, AFC/months, CI/months, DO/days, DP/weeks, SPC rate, and DFI/da...

Edhy Sudjarwo, Muharlien Muharlien, Osfar Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, Dyah Lestari Yulianti* 

...aims to evaluate effect cage location in closed house system on Hy-Line laying hens growth performance, microclimate, ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and dust particle.. A total 5,051 heads laying hens used were Hy-line laying hens aged 28 weeks reared for 28 weeks on the experimental diet. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and twelve replications. The parameters observed was...
Alia Tajdar1,3, Shaghef Ejaz2, Muhammad Shah Zaib1, Anum Ishfaq1, Syed Muhammad Zaka1*, Hafiz Muhammad Safeer1 and Khalid Abbas1
...btropical regions. It damages the fruits at early ripening stage and reduces the quality and the final yield of fruit crop. Moreover, to maintain the quality parameters of fruits after harvesting, is an important aspect of post-harvest management. For the management of fruit fly and to keep the natural quality of fruit after harvesting different methods ...
Chunlan Shan1, Chaoying Liu1, Qin Lu1, Guowen Fu2, Syed Aftab Hussain Shah3, Rana Waseem Akhtar4, Ru Zhao2, Libo Gao2, Chang Liu2, Shushu Miao2, Hongdan Wang2 and Hong Gao2*

 

...ion. The higher organ damage was observed by E. coli HPI+ than HPI- strain in mice. This study postulates the predicted protein structures of major genes, and validates the HMWP expression under iron starvation and provides a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of E. coli related diseases.

...

Amal G. Abdelrahman1, Nabil A. Yassien1, Hussein M.H. Mohamed1, Khaled S. Tolba2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1* 

... were kept in frozen storage at ‒18 °C for 3 months and subjected to proximate chemical analysis, measurement of deterioration criteria, and sensory quality. The results revealed that all enzyme-treated samples significantly increase protein content and significantly decrease the fat content, pH, and thiobarbituric acid value with a significant improvement in raw and cooked sensory attributes as compared to their counterpart control samples. Such effect ...

Sheeza Iqbal* and Asima Azam

...valence of sciatica with age and gender in district Nowshera and to identify symptoms and associated risk factors among male and female patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex from March to July 2020 in district Nowshera, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients with sciatica were analysed. All the patients were diagnosed with MRI, CT scan, spinal X-rays and straight leg raising (SLR) test. Of the 150 sciatica patients,...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Bushra Pervaiz2, Rana Shahzad Noor3, Muhammad Ameen4, Sadia Hassan3 and Wassi Abbas1

..., frequencies and percentages were applied to draw results and to interpret. The prominent mode of rural advisory services by the public sector was ‘training program’ whereas for the private sector it was ‘advice on phone’. The public and private sectors should consider diversifying their strategies for the provision of rural advisory services that target improvements in farm production and food security.

...

Faisal Khurshid1*, Asad Ullah1 and Sana Manan2

... randomly from three villages namely Palosai, Badizai and Shahi Bala of the District Peshawar, Pakistan. The conceptual framework of the study comprised of an independent variable (knowledge of innovations) and dependent variable (adoption of agricultural innovations). Chi-square test was applied to ascertain the association among the study variables. It was found that adoption of agricultural innovations was significantly associated with knowledge of ICTs, (P...

Muhammad Azam1*, Shaista Naz1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi2, Muhammad Jamil Afridi3 and Ahmad Waheed4

... frequencies, and percentages were the main-statistical techniques for data analysis. It has been found that majority of the farm households (65%) were food secure, still the issue of food insecurity prevailed among the 35% of the farm households. The positive determinants included family type, monthly income, and small ruminants, while tenancy and household size were found as the negative determinants of food security. The issue of food insecurity has been co...

Umar M. Bello1*, Samuel A. Ojo1, Abdurrahman Ghaji1, Ambrose A. Voh (Jr)2, Muazu N. Bappah3, Casmir O. Igbokwe4  

...es relative to various stages of the oestrus cycle. The does were synchronized by treatment with two luteolytic dosages of PGF2α analogue (Lutalyse®, Dinoprost tromethamine), 12.5mg administered intramuscularly in the gluteal region, 11 days apart. Vaginal smears were stained using a modified Papanicolaou method while the vaginal or rectal temperatures (oC) was recorded with a standard (dry-bulb) clinical therm...

Adrial Adrial1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Salundik Salundik2, Ahmad Yani2, Luki Abdullah3 

... and Cu in peat soil, forage, blood serum and their impact on reproductive performance of beef cows. This study was carried out at peatlands of Pulang Pisau district, Central Kalimantan Province through observation method supported by laboratory analysis. Reproductive performance data were obtained through direct interviews and recording cards. Soil and forage samples were taken from the main forage<...

Samiya Rehman*, Eman Mustafa, Ali Ahmad Faiz, Maheen Kanwal, Farkhanda Yasmin and Arooj Fatima

.... As the rate of drugs usage has increased from era of industrialization, so now it is prevalent everywhere in rural and urban areas also in educational institutions of different countries of the world. Drug addiction has impacts on health and caused unbearable mental as well as emotional pain. Brain functioning is adversely affected by drug addiction, which causes reduction in cortex of brain, alteration in structure and function of myelin sheath, neuroinflam...

Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2

...nducted on different tillage on soil depths (i.e., 0-15 cm, 16 to 30 cm, and 31 to 45 cm) and showed significant influence on pH, electrical conductivity of soil (ECe), soil aggregates, organic matter (OM), calcium, magnesium, chloride, carbonate, and bicarbonate. The tillage practices were shallow and deep tillage-assisted with compost, poultry residuals, NPK, and FM (farmyard manure) in ...

Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1*, Abdus Subhan3, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif1, Zafar Islam1, Adnan Shakeel1 and Fawad Anwar2 

...ng and grain formation stages. It is clear from the experiment results that parameter of wheat growth including plant height, days to harvest, and number of tillers per plant and grain weight per ear were significantly changed by the application of different amounts of water (treatment) during the two years of the experiment. Conventional irrigation showed significantly higher values ​​of growth parameters, but was comparable to the irrigation regime appli...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Abdul Jabbar1, Akhtar Hameed1, Hira Abbas3, Azhar Iqbal2 and Ehetisham-ul-Haq2
...vasion and development stages. All the treatments significantly reduced invasion and subsequent development of M. incognita in roots. Different application methods regarding protective and curative were used to test the efficacy of Cartap, Virtako, Cure and Azadirachtin. Results revealed that Protective application of bio and synthetic chemicals was more effective at nematode suppression rather than being curative. Then the impact of bio and synthetic chemical...

Mohamed M. Bahr1, Mohamed S. Amer1*, Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud2, Shaimaa M. Kamel3, Marwa A. Fouly4, Ahmed N. Abdallah5, Ashraf A. Shamaa1, Omar S. El-Tookhy1 

...t, sub-epithelial hemorrhage and vascularization. These findings prove that EVs have the ability to heal corneal wounds even if in the peripheral parts of the cornea that are deficient in limbal stem cells. Conclusion: In terms of safety, quality, regulatory concerns, and cost, EVs are superior to corneal transplantation and live stem cell therapy.

Keywords | Mesenchymal-stem-cell, Xeno-Exosomes, corneal-ulcer, histopathology, corneal-transplantation, ...

Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
...nt of integrated pest management strategies for fruit fly species and the reduction of insecticide use, which will benefit both growers and the environment.

...

Müge Aliye Hekimoglu and Sırma Sönmez

...and survival rate. The image analysis method was used to determine skin colour. The chemical analysis method was used to determine the activity of enzymes. The results showed that supplementation of 2000 mg/kg of dietary significantly increased weight, length and specific growth rate (P < 0.05). While no change in colour was observed in the control group at the end of the experiment, it was determined that carnitine could have a 27% effect on the colour cha...
Xiao Zhang1, Guoqing Shen1, Yang Wang1, Pengdan Huang1,2, Yan Shui2, Zenghong Xu2 and Huaishun Shen1, 2*
...were identified. The average allelic number in the 22 polymorphic loci was 3.6. The 22 microsatellite loci all had good polymorphisms. Among them, the polymorphism information content of the 12 loci is greater than 0.5, which is highly polymorphic.

...

Jin-Ming Zhao1,2, Yun Fang2 and Yue-Hua Sun2*

... urgent to estimate nest age of Chinese grouse accurately before taking appropriate conservation actions. In this study, we estimated the nest age of Chinese grouse using the weight loss method, which has been found to be easily been conducted and also has a high accuracy compared with other methods, such as egg candling and floating. Our results confirmed the conveniency and accuracy of the weight loss method in estimating ...

I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa*, Enny Yuliani, Lukman Lukman 

... GF (T4), then chill-storage. The variables quality evaluated include spermatozoa progressive motility, visibility, and abnormality. Spermatozoa quality was observed every 24 hours until the spermatozoa motility reached at least 40%. The results showed that progressive motility and viability on the fourth day storage in extender Citrate-egg yolk (CEY) with 10% egg yolk and 10% GF were 50.4 ± 1.6% and 57.1 ± 1.6...

Salma Bessalah1, Samira Jebahi2, Asim Faraz3*, Amel Raoufi2, Cem Tırınk4, Walid Dridi2, Mahmoud Daouad2, Hassib Keskes5, Touhami Khorchani1, Khaled Farah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Mohamed Hammadi1

... can be derived from collagen through hydrolysis. It most extensively used in diverse fields, mainly in pharmaceuticals and therapeutic. Herein Gelatin was newly extracted from camel (Camelus dromedarius) skin and irradiated with gamma rays from 60Co source. Gelatin was optimized and characterization and functional properties were determined. The structural changes occurring after γ-irradiation at doses from 5 to 30 kGy were reported by physico-chemical ...

Nauman Zaheer Ghumman, Muhammad Ijaz*, Arslan Ahmed, Muhammad Umar Javed, Iqra Muzammil and Ahmed Raza

Mian Shamas Murtaza1,*, Aysha Sameen2, Saima Rafique3, Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nabeela Gulzar4, Mian Anjum Murtaza5, Umar Farooq1 and Iram Hafiz6

...essed dairy as a bulking agent for fat replacement, textural modifications and organoleptic improvements. Hence, these can be fruitfully be used in manufacturing different kind of cheeses to have reduced or low fat, texturized or symbiotic product. Present study designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of inulin and resistant starch in low fat cheddar cheese to improve its quality. Different levels have significant effect on the physic-chemical (moi...

Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Shimaa A.S. Hasan1, Nashwa Harb1, Amal H.A. Gomaa2 and Maha Anani3

...egnant women with percentages of 74.5% and 98.9%, respectively. Upon the interpretation of the HSV serological profiles, the past latent infection with HSV-1 and 2 were the most prevalent types of infection representing 74.5% and 92.5%, respectively, followed by HSV-2 recurrent infection which was more prevalent (6.4%) than HSV-1 recurrent infection (0%), and no primary infection was found. HSV-2 co-infection was detected in all the HSV-1 positive cases (n= 70...

Carla Meneguin Barbosa1*, Fabio Gregori2, Cairo Monteiro1, Thais Helena Martins Gamon1, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli1, Tânia de Freitas Raso2 and Edison Luiz Durigon1

...PSHv-1) is the causative agent of Pacheco’s disease that infects psittacine birds, highly transmissible and presenting high mortality rate. Here we describe the investigation of 98 sudden deaths of birds, belonging to 8 Brazilian native psittacine species, divided in two outbreaks, one year apart between 2016 and 2017, in a breeding farm in São Paulo State, Brazil. PSHv-1 was detected in 6 species (61 birds) through Nested-PCR, that tested negativ...

Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1

...s the diversity of these agents in birds at migratory stopping and wintering sites, along Brazilian Segment of the Atlantic Flyway. Therefore, 738 avian samples from different regions of Brazil were subjected to a RT-Nested-PCR protocol, with primers targeting RdRp region. Positive samples were confirmed using Sanger followed by Ion Torrent S5 sequencing platforms and results were submitted to phylogenetic analysis. From total of 8 confirmed samples, 3 cluster...

Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1*, Entesar H. Taha2, Mona M.S. Zayed3 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

... On the basis of the average overall percentages nematode reduction, bacterial isolates added before and after nematode inoculation were equal in decreasing M. incognita numbers, as they achieved higher average overall reduction (69.8%), when Pf isolates were added with the same time with Ne. Also, number of galls recorded the highest overall percentage ...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Mariam Temitope Baker2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji2

...s are employed in the management of RKNs on agricultural fields. The synthetics are confronted with a web of regulations on account of their unhealty negative effect on humans and the environment. Plant protection is primarily saddled with replacing the synthetics. A promising technique is the application of bio-pesticides. Organic fatty acid esters (FAE) are reassuring materials with nematicidal activities. Medicinal plants are rich source of acid esters, hen...

S. Samina and Y.I. Erum†

...8 orders. Overall percentage of plant parasitic and free-living nematodes was 40% and 60%, respectively. Irantylenchus clavidorus Kheiri, 1972 was encountered with highest occurrence (40%) followed by Aphelenchus avenae Bastian, 1865 (27.5%) and Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey, 1958 (10%). Morphological and detailed taxonomical studies of nematodes were carried out and six new records of plant parasitic nematodes viz., Aphelenchoides richardsoni Grewal, Siddi...

S. F. A. Awad-Allah 1 and M. S. Khalil 2

...CT) and the bacterial bioagent Nemaless® was evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita infecting banana (Musa acuminata) cv. “Grand Nain” as compared to the nematicide fenamiphos 40% EC under laboratory and field conditions. Experiments were carried-out during two successive seasons (2016 and 2017). Results of the laboratory tests showed that the toxicity of VCT and Nemaless® to M. incognita second-stage ju...
W. M. A. El-Nagdi1†, M. M. A.Youssef1, H. Abd-El-Khair1, M. M. M. Abd Elgawadand M. G. Dawood2
...cv. Baladi. Based on average percentages of nematode reduction, P. fluorescens (Pf) achieved (89.0%) followed by the combined treatments of Pf+Bs (88.5%) and Pf + Bs + Bp (86.3%) as compared to untreated positive and negative controls. As for cowpea vegetative growth, the highest plant growth increase (69.0%) was observed in combined treatment of Bs+Bp followed by 55.6% in single treatment of Pf and the least plant growth wa...

H. M. Hassan† and S. A. Ibrahim

...in insecticides viz., Coragen, Nomolt, Ekio and Magic smart with two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were tested against cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis. All tested insecticides caused less mortality to the tested entomopathogenic nematodes. Magic smart significantly surpassed other insecticides causing the mortality of 11.6 and 13.8 % to the entomopathogenic nematodes S. carpocapsae and H...

Siti Dharmawati1, Muhammad Halim Natsir2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Danung Nur Adli2, Osfar Sjofjan2*  

... male Alabio with an average body weight of 45.26±2.59 g were placed in colony-shaped pen, and each pen contained seven ducks. The trial design used was completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications for each one, consisting of seven ducks. The treatment diet was formulated as follows: T0 basal diet + 100% fish meal (10% in diet) (10:0), T1 : basal diet + 75% fish meal (7.5% in diet)+ 25% FSFIBE(2.5% in diet) (7.5:2.5), T2 : bas...

S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...ned against the second stage juvenile
(J2) mortality assay in vitro. About 40.16 % isolates showed 40.0% J2 mortality during 12 hours. Significantly
increased upto 86.0% mortality was observed in 24 hour exposures. Among them twenty six Bacillus strains were
identified by morphological, physiological and biochemical carbon source utilization using API 50CHB strips tha...

A. Beyan1, A. Seid†2 and H. Shifa1

...he world and African average yield. Root-knot nematodes and Fusarium wilt are among the most economically important pathogens of tomato. A study was initiated with the objectives of determining the interaction effect of M. javanica (MJ) and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) disease complex and evaluating the response of selected tomato genotypes against this disease complex under glasshouse condition. A glasshouse experiment was laid out in a factorial ran...

N. Hajra

... nitrogen metabolism of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, a mycorrhizal plant of family Cucurbitaceae. Biochemical analysis including carbon and nitrogen profiles was taken into account.The estimation of carbon profile comprising of carbohydrate, glucose, sucrose and total soluble sugars and nitrogen profile comprising of proteins, amino acids protease and proline. Results showed that carbon profile in plant treated with AM fungi have high to low and vari...

A. Ghasemzadeh1, S. Jamali1†, M. Esfahani2 and H. Pedramfar1

..., 1000 and 2000 second stage juveniles, and four sampling times (20, 40, 60 and 80 days after inoculation). After sampling, purification, identification, and population of root-knot nematode species and race were determined, and after amplification of purified population on the tomato cultivar cv. Rutgers, inoculums were sufficiently obtained. In four-leaf stage of the plant growth, the nematode inoculum levels were introduc...

S. Feroza1, A. G. Arijo1†, F. M. Bilqees2 and M. S. Phulan1

...nt of hepatici and shrinkage of hepatocytes were found to have resulted into dilation of sinusoids.

...

S. Miheret1, A. Seid2† and N. Hailu3

...highest incidence percentage (80%) of the Meloidogyne species from root samples were recorded from three farms of district Kewet and three farms of district Efratana Gidim. Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica were found infecting 70% of the surveyed tomato farms in mixture. Meloidogyne incognita was more prevalent than M. javanica from the surveyed tomato farms across the six localities. In a glasshouse experiment the intercropping of tomato with the antagon...

W. M. El-Nagdi,1†, Z. , E. Ghareeb2 and E. M. Zayed3

...its except for fresh foliage weight. The relative susceptibility to root-knot nematode parameters (gall index, gall size, gall area and damage index) indicated that two fodder beet genotypes Beta Rozsa and Jamon were considered as the best with high yield and resistant reaction to M. incognita; in contrast Starmon genotype had highly susceptible reaction while Jary, Mnro andVorosch genotypes had moderately resistant. Fodder ...

L. Yue, S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...The effect of biocontrol agents comprising Bacillus sp., and Streptomyces rubrogriseus on the management of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne icognita was investigated along with a nematicide Fosthiazate on tomato susceptible cultivar cv. Baiguoqiangfeng. The S. rubrogriseus culture filtrates (CF) showed maximum mortality of second stage juvenile (J2) followed by Bacillus sp., at 12 h and...

Y. Danso†, J. Adomako, K. Osei and B. Abugri

...s’ build-up and damage to susceptible crops such as okra which follow maize in a crop rotation system.

...

Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah

...he household’s average deprivation level revealed that ‘living-standard’ and ‘health’ contributed more than 75 percent to overall poverty collectively. Regression analysis identified head’s age, education, household’s income, and agricultural land ownership as negatively affecting determinants of multidimensional poverty. The incidence of poverty was high in the Northern and Southern...

H. Sagir and Y. I. Erum†

...e new species Merlinius nagerensis n. sp. and five new records were found during the surveillance of different
crop fields of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The new species is characterized by punctuation on the entire body and with
rounded and smooth tail terminus. This species comes close to M. montanus and M. khuzdarensis, but differs from
M. montanus in having pointed tail terminus and from M. k...

A. M. Rahoo1, 2, †, T. Mukhtar3, B. A. Bughio4, S. R. Gowen1 and R. K. Rahoo5

...ship between nematode dosage and infective juveniles (IJ) production are
available for Steinernema affine. Therefore, in the present study the effect of inoculation doses of S. affine and
extraction methods was investigated on the production of IJ in Galleria mellonella. There was significantly greater
emergence of IJ of S. affine from the Galleria mellonella using White traps than with modified Baermann extraction

M. S. Bajestani1, K. Dolatabadi2†, E. Mahdikhani-Moghadam1

...xtracts viz., marigold (Tagetes spp.), rosemary (Rosmarinus
officinalis L.) and nigella (Nigella sativa L.) on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica @ 1500, 2500 and 5000
juveniles were studied on susceptible tomato cv. Karoon under greenhouse condition. Although all the treatments
reduced root infections rate and significantly effect on root weight (P ≤ 0.05). It was observed that when the
nematode inoculu...
A.M. El-Baha1, A. A. El-Sherbiny2†, M. Z. M. Salem1, N. Shaarawy3 and N. H. Mohamed3
...nd mortality of second stage juvenile. Inhibition of egg hatching (%) and mortality (%) of
J2 were increased linearly with increasing concentration of EOs. Corymbia citriodora EO was more effective than
E. camaldulensis in inhibiting egg hatchability and suppressing J2 viability. Probit analysis results showed median
inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 412.7 and 615.9 mg/l for C. citriodora and E. camaldulensis leaves ...

J. Salma, K. Nasira, M. Saima and F. Shahina†

...ahim Haidry, Mubarak Village and two of Balochistan
coast viz., Gadani and Sonmiani beach. As a result, four new species Oncholaimus paraoxyuris n. sp.,
Metoncholaimus medispiculatum n. sp., Theristus (P) karachiense n. sp. and Theristus cylindricus n. sp. were
found. O. paraoxyuris, M. medispiculatum and T. karachiense were molecularly identified on the basis of 18S
ribosomal gene with accession numbers KY497017...

I. K.A. Ibrahim1, Z.A. Handoo2† and A. B. A. Basyony1

...ass, H. schachtii on cabbage and sugar beet, H. zeae on corn and wheat and Globodera rostochiensis on
potato. The cyst nematodes H. leuceilyma and G. rostochiensis are new records of the country and H. lespedezae on
lentil is a new host plant record in Egypt.
...

K. A. Tabassum,† J. Salma and H. Sagir

...trict Hunza, Gilgit and Nager, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan was conducted during January, 2017. Out
of 20 soil samples, 6 samples were found positive for Steinernema species. One sample of Prunus avium had
Steinernema affine from Hunza, two samples had S. cholashanense from Juglans nigra and Malus pumila from
Gilgit, and three samples harboured S. feltiae from Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica and Malus pumila from
...

M. A. Radwan†, M. M. Abu-Elamayem, S. A. A. Farrag and N. S. Ahmed

...ato root galls and 2nd stage juvenile numbers in soil compared with
control. Except DNSA and AA, foliar application of tested organic acids was more effective in reducing nematode
galls than soil drench application. Foliar application of ASA caused superior effect in the reduction of J2 in soil (100
%) followed by AA (89.44 %), OA (88.25 %) and SA (70.69 %). CA (96.52 %) was tended to be the most effective
chemic...

D. A. Darban†, S. R. Gowen and B. Pembroke

... of second
stage juveniles from 50 g of the soil samples from second crop than the first crop soil samples. Three weeks duration
allowed more endospores as compared to one week and two weeks treatment.
...

Nadia A Eltablawy1, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed2, Hamed Mohamed Abdel Barry2, Marwa A. Ibrahim3*, Maha Nageib Ahmed Serag ElDein2 

...otent cardiac protective agent that protects and preserves the heart tissue against the deleterious effect of doxorubicin.

Keywords | Terminalia Muelleri; Doxorubicin; iNOS; eNOS; Top 2 ß 

...
Istkhar† and A. K. Chaubey†
... on head region of 3rd stage infective juveniles (IJs) placed the
nematode in bicornutum group and differentiated from other compared Steinernema spp. The morphological
characters of 3rd stage infective juveniles and 1st generation males showed close resemblance with S. abbasi, S.
thermophilum and S. pakistanense however, the body length was varied (583mm vs 541mm, 555 mm and 683 mm,
...

D. A. Darban1†, S. R. Gowen1, B. Pembroke1 and F. Hussain2

...ed to compare the percentage of infected females by observing
twenty females per replicate, but no infected female was recorded in any of the Pasteuria treatments after the
harvest of the first crop. There was a highly significant difference in endospore production in root systems of the one
female and ten females treatments and increased exponentially with the number of females over all the crop cycles.
Infected...

A. M. Rahoo1,2,†, T. Mukhtar3, S. R. Gowen2, B. Pembroke2 and M. A. Rahu4

...For successful insect management, EPNs must be established in the soil and
remain infective, persistent and pathogenic for long periods. The present study investigated on the
emergence of Steinernema feltiae infective juveniles (IJ) from infected Galleria mellonella cadavers in
moist and dry conditions. A significantly high number of infective juveniles of S. feltiae emerged in moist
conditions as compared to dry...

Editor: Tarique Hassan Askary and Paulo Roberto Pala Martinelli

K. A. Tabassum, F. Shahina†, K. Nasira and Y. I. Erum

..., c, c' and vulva percentage is given. The morphometric and allometric characters
with anterior and posterior regions were derived from the original descriptions. An identification key to 42 valid
species of both insectivora and dolichura group of the genus Oscheius is given.
...

A. M. Rahoo1,*, †, T. Mukhtar2, S. I. Abro3, S. R. Gowen1 and B. A. Bughio4

...0.001).
...

Y. I. Erum and F. Shahina†

...g 14 primers with an average of 28.8 bands/genotype. Maximum
percentage of polymorphic loci was 92.86% for genotype TJ-83. Inferences have been made regarding bioassay and
molecular characterization that the most diverse and resistant genotype against CCN was Moomal-2002 as compared to the
rest of the genotypes studied and the most effective loci to screen diversity was OPA-09.
...

K. Nasira† and S. Shamim

...verall occurrence percentage of feeding groups revealed that predators
dominated the entire nematode community (35%) followed by bacterivores (32.5%), herbivores (20%), algal feeders
and fungivores shared the same occurrence percentage (5%) while the least occurrence percentage was of omnivores
(2.5%). These studies add to the knowledge of diversity of f...

A. M. Korayem1†, M. M. M. Mohamed1 and S. M. El-Ashry2

...nematode infestation (damage) was assayed at harvest
stage as root-gall indices (GI) based on scale of 1-6 (1= no infection and 6= 100% root galling). In the first season
(2014-2015) relationship between nematode damage and yield of broad bean was negative, however no significant
reduction in growth and yield (p= 0.05) was obtained at all nematode root g...

M. M. A. Youssef1†, Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1, and Mona G. Dawood2

...ry leaves and mashed storage roots of sugar beet @20 and 10g were tested
for controlling root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on cowpea in screen house. On the basis of the average
percentages nematode reduction, mashed storage roots at the highest rate (20g) achieved 85.1% increase followed by
dry leaves at the s...

Ahmed S.M.H. EL Roby

...rrected mortality percentage in the infestation (from 68.59% to 70.83%). The
LC50 were 25.42 and 45.5 IJs/ insect for the two strains, respectively.
...

Fawzia, I. Moursy1, Amira, Sh.Soliman1, A. E.M. Khalil2,Samaa, M. Shawky2 and A. A. Taher2

...v>application of some bioagents to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber. Seasonal
fluctuation of the root-knot nematode M. incognita was studied on two cucumber cultivars (Madia and Slaprty)
during the period from March to November in seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Soil population increased
gradually on two cultivars during spring and throughout summer to reach peak in August began to decrease durin...

K. Taimoor1† and F. Shahina2

...significant effect on management parameters
of M. incognita; however, minimum juvenile population were recorded from extracts of Matricaria lesiocarpa
which was 3532.5 at dose 3g/liter. Similarly minimum root-knot index (1.0) was recorded from extracts of fourteen
medicinal and aromatic plants at dose of 3.0g/liter and reproductive factor was also minimum 0.56 at dose of
3.0g/liter from extracts of Zatoria multif...

M. M. A. Youssef †and Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi

...visiae was used as a bio-agent for controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant under screen house conditions. Three solutions of yeast and sucrose (as a bio-fermenter) at different yeast concentrations (1, 2 & 3% yeast) + a fixed concentration of 2% sucrose and three solutions of sucrose and yeast at different sucrose concentrations (2, 3 & 4% sucrose), a fixed concentration of 2% yeast were applied. The results indicated that the...

I.K.A. Ibrahim1 and Z. A. Handoo2

...treatus), the biocontrol agent Bacillus thuringiensis, the bionematicide abamectin, and the nematicide fenamiphos on Mi 1 on rice cv. Sakha 101. All the applied control treatments were effective in reducing nematode infection on rice plants.

...

S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...in vitro on the second stage juveniles of cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. The isolate XZ33-3 showed significant results against juveniles (J2s) mortality followed by the isolate of XZ 17-1, XZ 24-2-1, MH 58-60-10, MH 58-60-04 and isolate MH 01-04-01, respectively. Among them four Bacillus isolates were identified on molecular basis using 16S rDNA, physiologically and biochemically and grouped as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). In the green hou...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. B. Al-Kadi1, A. A. A. Deeabes2 and A. M. El-Kholy2

...ic amendments for the management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) affecting okra plants in vitro as well as in vivo conditions. Five concentrations of all chemicals were prepared. Data of in vitro studies showed a marked nematicidal and nematode hatching inhibitory activity against root-knot nematode (M. incognita). However, the nematicidal activity differed between treatments as compared to control. Fosthiazate was found as the most toxic compoun...

S. Riffat†, S. Kumar and A. Soomro

...s and parasites at all stages of their life cycle. Fecundity of these predators and parasites of the insects was affected when grasshoppers were contaminated with Mermis spp. Mostly, the females laid fewer eggs than normal. The numbers of eggs produced were 17.5±3.0, 11.2±5.3 and 8.6±4.3 for Poekilocerus pictus, Oxya velox and O. hylahyla, respectively, for infested insects, whereas, it was 43.3±5.2, 37.8±6.30 and 39.34&plusm...

Shaista Naz1*, Muhammad Arif2 and Akhtar Ali3

...ributors to livestock management and their increased participation can lead towards not only their own empowerment but also towards the development of the sector. Review of the empirical research across the developing world in the said subject not only shed light on the lessons learnt but also can identify the gaps left out. For this, a systematic review has been conducted to highlight the immense role of women in livestock and its determinants in the developi...

Muhammad Nadeem1*, Aneeta Rehman1, Masooma Munir1*, Hira Fatima2, Faiqa Malik1, Aqsa Iqbal1 and Alaiha Asif3

... g during 90 days of storage. The mean values for sensory assessment indicated that T1 was preferred over the other treatments in terms of overall acceptability, color, taste, flavor, and texture. The bars received a favorable sensory score and remained stable over a 90-day storage period. Additionally, the study discovered that water chestnut powder can be used to boost the nutritional value and health benefits of date frui...

Farwa Batool1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Samia Ikram2 and Maham Zahara3

...ignificant factor in foliage plant production and low-cost growing substrate is critical factor in nursery business profitability. The soil substrates must be non-toxic, environmental friendly, highly sustainable and good in nutrients capacity for better plant growth and economical plant production. The agriculture waste is a good option for soil substrate source in nursery plants production. The present research is focusing on the utilization of agriculture w...

A.A. Tanimola† and B. Fawole1

...e species used in the management of M.
incognita.
...

O.S. Osunlola† and B. Fawole1

...
formation of an average of four giant cells each with 7 ± 0.5 nuclei around the head of nematode close to vascular
cells. Nematode eggs were seen in the cortical cells but more eggs were recorded near the root surface. Multiple
infections were also observed.
...

I. Jafri, A.A. Shahid, A. Ibrahim† and M. Atif

...act as growth inhabiting agents for juveniles;
reduce gall masses, diminish knot formation on root system, toghether with increasing shoot and root
length as compared to other treatments.
...
A.A. Tanimola and B. Fawole1
... of
second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita was investigated in vitro. Extracts were tested at
concentrations of 50,000 mg/kg and 25,000 mg/kg in an experiment laid out in completely randomized design in the
laboratory. Data were collected on inhibition of egg-hatching, mortality of juveniles and analyzed using ANOVA (P
 0.05). Both concentrations of Aloe species extract...

N. Hajra, F. Shahina1, †, K. Firoza1 and R. Maria

...week after nematodes. Damage produced by nematodes was observed in T2 and T5, vascular
tissue obliterated by root-knot nematodes. However, VAM fungi suppressed the effects of root-knot nematodes in
T4. Giant cells, egg-masses and females of nematodes were observed in T2, T5 and to some extent in T3. VAM fungi
spores were seen in cortical as well as in pith region of root in T3.
...

A.M. Korayem, M.M.M. Mohamed† and S.M. EL-Ashry1

...J2/200 g soil. While, damage threshold level (DT); nematode
density at which yield begin to decrease; was estimated by 3 J2/200 g soil. For the second season, no significant
relation (P = 0.05) between nematode population density and bean yield was found (r = 0.33). DT was estimated as
22 J2/200 g soil. Total protein and nitrogen element decreased in seeds of infected plants compared with those of
healthy ones.

A. Khan†, S.S. Shaukat1, K.A. Khanzada and M.S. Khan2

...d
marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower powder used alone and in combination with Fertinemakil. Untreated pots were
kept as control. Carbofuran a chemical nematicide was used for comparison. Subsequently after 8 weeks nematode
populations were studied. The results showed that amendments significantly influenced the nematode population
though the nematode populations themselves did not diff...

R.R. Arain, R.N. Syed, A.Q. Rajput, M.A. Khanzada1, N.A. Rajput and A.M. Lodhi1

...orporation of biocontrol agent like T. harzianum and botanical products
such as neem extract against root-knot nematode provided good results and can provide an alternate of chemical
pesticides which will be ecofriendly as well.
...

Z.A. Handoo1,†, I.K.A. Ibrahim2, D.J. Chitwood1 and A.A. Mokbel2,3

...>
and vulva percentage in relation to body length. This is the first report of this nematode from Egypt, Africa. The
values of the morphological parameters completely fall within the previously reported ranges for X. rivesi.
...

M.M.A. Youssef† and W.M.A. El-Nagdi

...according to nematode damage index. Host vigor calculated as an average of percentages
root weight potential and the tested technological characteristics (total soluble solids %) were used as a new scale to
assess host reaction. The combination between the degree of susceptibility/resistance and host vigor of each variety
gave a better evaluation and cle...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi, M.M.A. Youssef† and M.F.M. Eissa

...dactylifera L., seedling age was determined on nematode reproduction to
susceptible date palm cv., Sewi inoculated with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Seedlings of 4, 3 and 2
month old supported more nematode populations than 0 and 1 month old seedlings as indicated by number of galls
and egg-masses on roots and juveniles in soil but they were rated as less affected by root-knot nemat...

S.A. Khan†, M. Abid and F. Hussain1

... serious disease causing agents and attack nearly all types of plants. In
this study 32 seaweeds were evaluated to determine nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne javanica (egg
hatching and larval mortality tests) in vitro. Results revealed that seaweed biochemical potential in two different
solvents viz., water and methanol @ ratios 2.5, 5 and 10%. It is observed that Sargasssum tenerrimum, Padina
tetrastroma...

D.A. Darban†, S.R. Gowen, B. Pembroke, F. Hussain1 and R.A. Memon2

...nts. The greatest percentage of infected females and numbers of endospores were recorded in
that treatment where P. penetrans infected females were left to degrade for 3 weeks.
...

A. Zia†, K. Zia*, S.A. Anwar** and M. Iqbal

...om 0 to 100% with an average of 36%. The galling index (GI) was
ranged between 0 to 5 with a mean of 3. RKN incidence and GI varied from field to field. The RKN incidence was
45%, 34.3%, 28.6% and 10.71%, in the tomato growing areas of Faisalabad, Jaranwala, Samundri and Chak
Jhumra, respectively. Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica were found singly or in combination among the
tomato root samples. The presence...

A.E. Ismail† and A.M. Kheir*

...me revealed that the average numbers in each stage greatly fluctuated. The density of juveniles or
cysts gradually increased with the favorable host (Giza 2 corn) to reach its peak at the crop maturity, while the
nematode population dropped sharply when the field became fallow. Likewise, the population densities of the
previous stage

H. Ravindra†, M. Sehgal*, A.S. Pawan, B.S. Archana, S.A. Shruti and H.B. Narasimhamurty

...d in integration with bioagents viz., Pochonia chlamydosporia and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Acacia
compost, poultry manure and carbofuran were also tested. All the treatments were significantly superior over
untreated check. Acasia compost enhanced the growth parameters with drastic reduction in root-knot index.
However, the treatment combinations of acasia compost with different bio

A.W. Amin† and A.W. Mona*

...Ercola 6001), marigold (Tagetes spp.) as
root antagonistic plant and Rugby as a nematicide (two formulation, Rugby 10G and Rugby 20L) for control of
Meloidogyne incognita cucumber root-knot were evaluated in nematode naturally infested soil under greenhouse
conditions in two successive spring seasons (2011 and 2012). Cucumber, Cucumis sativus var. Sinai was planted as
a scion. Results...

I. Umar† and A. Mamman*

...containing 1000 second stage juveniles of M. javanica. Egg hatch inhibition and larval mortality was
observed over a period of 72 hrs. Sterilized loamy soil (4 kg) contained in 36 perforated plastic pots (30 cm dia.
and 40 cm depth) were separately mixed with 0, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g (equivalent to 0, 10 15, 20 and 25 tons/ha) of
the fruit powder. Carbofuran was applied at 0.060 g/pot. Control pots received no amendment. Two e...

F. Shahina†, K.A. Tabassum and M.A. Habib*

...sed for mortality percentage. All four species of insects,
viz., Helicoverpa armigera, Earias insulana, E. vitella and Pectinophora gossypiella were found susceptible to
infective juveniles of the four EPN species; S. pakistanense was the most virulent EPN species. There is a dire need
to focus further research on these EPN isolates to explore and exploit their potential as an alternative to synthetic
pesticides ...

O. A. Fabiyi

...t had the highest percentage juvenile mortality. The infrared analysis
of the fractions revealed the presence of anhydride and carbonyl stretching frequencies at 3638, 1702, 1735 and
1771 cm-1. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of the fractions showed signals that agreed with ozoic and
daniellic acids. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids,
terpenoids, ...

Farhana Binte Zalal, Prodip Kumar Sarkar*, Mahbuba Sultana, M H Kawsar, Swapon Kumar Fouzder 

...bation and broody hen management practices in the selected areas of Barishal district, Bangladesh. We randomly selected 150 farmers (50 broody hens/Upazila) practicing natural incubation from three Upazilas in the Barishal district. The results show that mainly females (93.3%) were engaged in family poultry production and they used indigenous hens to incubate eggs. An average egg number pe...

F. Shahina† and G. Mehreen

...seful biological control agents and infected a wide range of insect pests. Phylogenetic relationships
among Pakistani entomopathogenic nematode strains; steinernematids and heterorhabditid were estimated by
nucleotide sequences using three molecular makers viz; ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 rDNA (seventy nine); D2-D3 and
28S (LSU) sequences of rDNA region (fifteen) and 12S rDNA mitochondrial gene (twenty nine) to investigate the

A.W. Amin†, A.A. Anter, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

...esistance or bio-control agent against
Meloidogyne incognita in tomato under greenhouse condition. Results showed that all tested bacterial strains
showed significant reduction in nematode development and reproduction. The most effective strains were M.
methanica, B. cereus, B. brevis and O. proteus. They were achieving the highest reduction in nematode total
population and fecundity. Plant growth was improved as...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi†, M.M.A. Youssef and M.G. Dawood*

...at harvest
stage compared to untreated plants significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Lower concentration of the tested materials caused
higher percentages reduction the mentioned nematode criteria. Vice versa, increase in length of shoots, dry and fresh
weights of shoots and roots occurred by higher concentration of each material followed by those occurred by
moderate and lower ones. The...

Soshe Ahmed1*, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni1, Maksuda Begum2, Md. Jafar Eqbal3, Md. Shahidul Islam4, Mst. Samira Tanjim1, Mst. Rokeya Sultana1 

...), body weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and viability% for growth periods (1 d to 7 d, 1 d to 14 d, 1 d to 21 d, 1 d to 28 d) were calculated. All chicks were vaccinated with live attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus LaSota strain on day 2 via eye drop vaccination, along with other basic immunization schemes. After 14 days of ND vaccination, post-vaccination sera samples were collected and subjected to an HI test to determine antibody tit...

Lulu Ding, Ke Wang, Ruxue Huang, Wenjing Yu, Bingzhao Yan, Mengli Jiang and Jicang Wang*

...al indices and kidney damage among rats were studied. Twenty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, Cd-treated group (1 mg/kg b.w. CdCl2), Nar-treated group (100 mg/kg b.w.), and Cd + Nar-treated group (1 mg/kg b.w. CdCl2 + 100 mg/kg b.w. Nar). They were treated for 4 weeks, and then the blood physiological and biochemical indicators were assessed. The levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catal...

Muhammad Iqbal Anjum*, Shahbaz Javaid, Agha Waqar Yunus, Faisal Ashfaq and Javed Iqbal

...ffalo calves, 18 calves (aged 14±2 months weighing 189±15 kg) were randomly divided into six equal groups. Six TMRs [iso-nutritious with 12% CP and 68% TDN] having crop residues MS, MC and WS each supplemented with 75% and 65% concentrate (C) were formulated as: T1) MS to C ratio of 25:75%, T2) MS to C ratio of 35:65%, T3) MC to C ratio of 25:75%, T4) MC to C ratio of 35:65%, T5) WS to C ratio of 25:75% and T6) WS to C ratio of 35:65%. These TMRs...
Ghulam Jelani1, Qudratullah Kalwar1*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Abdullah Channo2, Ayyaz Ahmed1, Majid Hussain Soomro1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1 and Yar Muhammad Jalbani1
...nd recipient animals, management for better breeding evaluation, embryo production, collection and transfer of embryo within a narrow window of suitable estrous time. In cattle, embryo transfer technology is widely used to amplify the reproductive rates of genetically improved superior females, planed mating, twinning, disease control, better pregnancy rate in repeat breeder cattle and increment of production of farm and reproductive rates. However, embryo tra...
Jawad Ahmad1, Huang Yun-He2, Arab Hussain1, Amjadullah1, Ahmad Yar1, Subhanullah1, Zeshan Ali1, Hamid Sattar3, Tariq Hussain3, Hamayun Khan3, Ali Gohar6, Obaidullah4, Nan Zhu Fang5, Yanya Fang5, Ihsan Ali3* and Zhongshu Li5,*
...Achi cows at different stages of pregnancy. Forty multiparous cows with 4 ± 1 years of age and live weight of 188.23 ± 2.6 to 207.13 ± 2.59 kg of different stages of pregnancy were divided into four groups (Group1=1sttrimester Group 2= 2ndtrimester and Group 3= 3rd trimester, Group 4= non-pregnant). Blood samples were collected from all the animals and assayed for hema...

Hina Safdar1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Arif Mehmood3 and Muhammad Arshad4

...are effective biocontrol agents against different insect pests. However, very little work has been done in Pakistan on the symbiotic bacteria associated with EPNs and their metabolites. In this laboratory study, two bacterial isolates i.e. Xenorhabdus spp. associated with EPN Steinernema glaseri (Steiner) (Steinernematidae) and Photorhabdus spp. associated with EPN Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Heterorhabditidae), were evaluated against armyworm Spod...

Ahmad Abrar Khan1*, Ghulam Qadar1, Asif Ali Abro2 and Muhammad Awais3

...garding improved farm management practices especially on the aspect of insects/pests management to minimize the yield losses. 

...

Rahim Bux Vistro1*, Mashooque Ali Talpur1, Irfan Ahmed Sheikh1, Muneer Ahmed Mangrio2, Rajish Kumar Soothar1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali3,4, Imran Ali Dhamach4, Muhammd Urs Mirjat1 and Abdul Saboor Soomro2

...y. The experiment was managed in a split-plot design with a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that cone-penetrometer was used to measure the soil compaction of furrow bottom under without-compaction/control (C1), compaction with three passes of tractor wheel (C2), and compaction with six passes of tractor wheel (C3) treatments for the years 2017-18 and 2018-19. In the case of clay loam (S1) soil compacted under treatme...

Sri Setyaningrum*, Dini Julia Sari Siregar, Tengku Gilang Pradana  

...y weight, carcass percentage, meat protein content and lactic acid bacteria. The treatment decreased (p<0.05) of feed conversion ratio (FCR), meat fat content, meat cholesterol and total coliform in the ileum and caecum. The treatments of CGLp were not affected (p> 0.05) of feed intake, immune organs, hematological and pH in the ileum and caecum. In conclusion, the CGLp treatments improve the performance, carcass, and gut microflora of broiler chickens.<...

Sofiane Tamendjari1,2*, Farida Bouzebda Afri1,2, Lina Chaib1, Hebib Aggad3, Zoubir Bouzebda1,2 

...oft, France). The percentage of samples contaminated with S. aureus was 32.22%, and the average load of S. aureus contaminating sheep, chicken and turkey meat was 3.8×103 CFU/cm2 +/- 2.55×103; 2.2×103 CFU/g +/- 0.99×103 and 2.01×103 CFU/g +/- 0.73×103 respectively. High rates of resistance to penicillin (100%), sulfonamides (93.10%) and multiple resistances were reported in this study. Sta...

Dina N. Ali1*, Sayed H. Elhabtey2*, Manal M. Amin1  

...d by pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, which are prone to contaminating food. This suggests that bio-preservatives may be used during the cheese-making process. So, this research was done to determine how well moringa oil (MO) and its nano emulsion (Nano-MO) work on some food poisoning bacteria inoculated into white cheese in vitro and in vivo. Prepared (Nano-MO) had the Z-average diameter of 76.04±51.13 nm and polydi...

Hendro Prasetyo1*, Diah Karmiyati2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Ahmad Fauzi2, Trias Agung Pakarti1,3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4, Waris Ali Khan5, Leila Neimane6,7 and Maizirwan Mel8,9

...dodadi and Banturejo villages of Ngantang district, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The result of correlation test showed good cognitive, affective, and conative aspects of the farmers despite low achievement rates in all government programs. Social stratification significantly affected the farmers’ response on the programs. The farmers’ cognitive, affective, and educational aspects are also significantly influential in their response. Furthe...

Majid Ali*, Hafiz Abdul Majid, Farman Ullah, Tahir waseem, Muhammad Rashid Khan 

...from the surrounding village of arid zone research institute kohat. A total of 726 blood sample were analyzed from both sheep and goat. Out of the total blood sample (62.39%) total prevalence were recorded for all type of hemoprotozoa. In which highest prevalence was recorded for theleriosis 46.13%, followed by anaplasmosis 29.13%, mixed infection 17.66% while the lowest prevalence was recorded for babesiosis which is 7.06%. Seasonal wise overall prevalence wa...
Ulvi Fitri Handayani1, Wizna2, Irfan Suliansyah3, Yose Rizal2, Maria Endo Mahata2*
... and produced 82% at the age of 32weeks at the beginning of the treatment. They were randomly housed in cages (one bird per cage, ten cages per replicate) and subjected to one of five experimental diets. This experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 different ration treatments, consist of Ration A = 0% PT W, Ration B = 0% PTW + 0.03% s...
Aulia Evi Susanti1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Muladno2, Dewi Apri Astuti3, Lucia Cyrilla2
...n system and business management. Production analysis was analyzed using ANOVA and data were processed using R studio software version 4.1.2. Furthermore, the observed parameters include average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), pregnancy rate, the ratio of male and female calf births, mortality rates, production costs and income. A business feasibility analysis is calculated by the value of net present value (NPV),...
Makruf Arif1*, Claude Mona Airin1, Dwi Sunu Datrianto2, Dinda Anggun Roro Sejati3
...text-align: justify;">Damage due to oxidative stress during semen preservation can cause a decrease in motility, viability, and damage to plasma membranes that can reduce fertility rates. The use of antioxidants in semen preservation is very important to suppress lipid peroxidation so it can maintain the quality of the sperm. This study aimed to determine additional honey to the quality of KUB rooster sperm during cold stor<...

Sutawi*, Ahmad Wahyudi, Abdul Malik, Suyatno, Asmah Hidayati, Imbang D. Rahayu, Endang S. Hartatie

... terror using biological agents that infects Indonesia’s cattle farming agribusiness. FMD outbreaks have a negative impact on cattle agribusiness from upstream to downstream: (1) the cattle population will shrink, (2) imports of cattle and beef will increase, (3) beef consumption will decrease, (4) economic losses are very large. FMD also poses a heavy social impact for farmers such as illness, stress, depression, stroke, divorce, and even suicide.
...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel4, Abdelwahab M. Abdelwahab1,5
...eeks from 40 to 50 wk of age. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) including a polynomial test was carried out to explore the linear and quadratic contrasts of increasing the BSFL levels on all the parameters. The results of this study showed a linear improvement (p < 0.05) in the egg production (by 3.38 percent points than control), egg weight (by 1.54 g than control), feed conversion (by 20% than control), and egg quality traits, such as Haugh unit, yolk ...

Owolabi Olutunmise Victoria1*, Saka Olusola Stephen2, Olashinde Oluwaseun Ruth1, Alli Smith Yemisi Rufina3

...es) eventually suffer damage as a result of elevated blood glucose levels, which are a defining feature of the metabolic disorder known as diabetes mellitus. Researchers are in search for safe drugs that can bring a total recovery from diabetes. Thirty (35) male wistar rats were divided into six (7) groups of five animals each to study the antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of young Cola acuminata leaves aqueous extract. Diabetes was induced using allox...

Seema Perveen Memon*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah, Reshma Sahito and Aiman Amur

...ecember 2018. Gender and age wise distribution of malaria were observed during the study period. Monthly data of malarial patients were collected from Anti-malaria control program (AMCP) of different localities of district Sanghar. Total 26161 suspected cases of malaria were examined, 490 patients were found malaria positive. Among these positive cases, 477 patients were found Plasmodium vivax and 13 cases with Plasmodium falciparum. Gender wise and

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...avior. Foraging is advantageous not only to plants and insect colonies but also to humans. Honey bees helps preserve ecosystems as they offer pollination to many wild flowering plants. These pollinators are now under attack from a variety of sources. Pesticides, habitat degradation, genetic diversity loss, inclusion of genetically modified crops, and parasites are among the main threats to these pollinators. As a result of their decrease, there has been a sign...

Shakeel Ahmed Tunio1, Muhammad Naeem1*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Asmatullah Kaka2 

...e effect of different management systems on growth traits and carcass characteristics of male Kachhi lambs. A total of 18 post weaned male lambs having three months of age were distributed into two groups (A & B), comprising nine lambs in each group. The lambs of group A & B were kept under intensive and semi-intensive management systems respectively. Initially the lambs were provi...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Mohammad A. Al-Mahaish4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel5
...ommercial broiler chicks aged 1 day and weighing 46±1.5 g. Starting from the 22nd to the 42nd d of age, the chicks were randomly distributed according to the dietary inclusion levels of MWM into six treatment groups (6 replicate pens per group × 10 chicks per replicate, considering the equal ratio of males to females in each replicate). The first group of birds was fed a control finisher diet containing soybean-...
Shaker Al-Suwaiegh
... 0.40 kg body weight and aged 4.0 - 5.0 months, were randomly allocated to three equal groups (seven/group) as Azolla pinnata (10.0 and 20.0 % daily feed) and control groups. The trial lasted 12 weeks. Feed intake, feed efficiency, and body weight gain were determined. In addition, nutrients’ digestibility were determined. Blood samples were collected for determination of plasma proteins, glucose, liver enzymes and minerals parameters. The results indica...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
... with IBDV at 14-days of age and NDV GenotypeVII.1.1 at 21- days of age in broiler chickens proved that administration of Lector® and Orego® solution had positive effect on average body weight gain and feed conversion rates than control non medicated groups; where the Lector medicated groups showed higher rates of average weight followed by Orego...
Chalothon Amporn1, Somchit Guntaprom1*, Sarawut Duongmawong1, Wilasinee Srisanyong1, Sirikanda Thanasuwan1, Phalita Koonnadilokpot1, Dechawut Bunyaluk2, Juggrid Jugsumrit3, Jakrit Yaeram4, Chompunut Lumsangkul5
...sults showed that percentage of matured oocytes, fertilized oocytes, 8-16 cells developments, blastocyst in 100 µM cysteine group (73.00%, 54.79%, 30.14%, and 17.81%, respectively) were higher than the control group (48.00%, 37.50%, 18.75%, and 10.42%, respectively) and 200 µM cysteine (respectively, 52.00%, 38.46%, 19.23%, and 9.62%) at a significance level of 0.05, but the difference between the 200 µM cysteine group and the control was not...

Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2, Muhammad Shahroaz Khan1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...spinetoram showed an average larval reduction of 59 – 100%, followed by 100% larval reduction exhibited by flubendiamide and spinetoram alone and by the combination of flubendiamide and A. indica formulations at 5th day of application. While, minimum larval reduction was recorded for both microbial insecticides alone and in combination for both years. Overall results of this in-vitro and in-situ evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of biorational ins...

Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon

... life-threatening for management host fruit. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study makes it abundantly evident how the host fruit (mango), which is alarmingly vulnerable to fruit flies due to its seasonality, is the next fruit variety. However, as mango season comes to a close, some populations of Bactrocera species rapidly decline since there is a lack of host food and they are attempting to oviposit....

Tilahun Bekele* and Abebaw H. Georgis

...re constrained by a shortage of improved varieties and poor cultural practices including seed rate. Therefore, studies were carried out in Andracha woreda of southwestern Ethiopia during the 2017 and 2018 major cropping period of year to identify the top-performing genotypes of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in response to seed rate. The experiment composed of four varieties (Dirshaye, Darbera, Aden, and local), and four levels of seed rate (10kg, 15kg, 20kg,...

Nachaat Sakr

...(DS, Type II) and FHB-damaged kernels (FDK, Type III), on barley, bread and durum wheat cultivars of varying susceptibility to four species of FHB. Although there were no marked differences in disease levels over the 3 years, a wide range of resistance was expressed by adult Type I and Type II to head blight among a group of eight cereal cultivars, indicating that host plays an important role in distinguishing head blight susceptibility. The differences of DI ...

Idrees Ahmad1, Muhammad Jamil2*, Hafiz Muhammad Zia Ullah1, Saira Saleem1, Syed Ahtisham Masood3, Umair Faheem4, Imran Akhtar5, Muhammad Abdullah6, Abdul Majid Khan5 and Naeem Iqbal7

...very was 38% with an average grain yield of 2048 kg ha-1 across twelve test locations in the national trial. It showed a 17% higher grain yield than the check variety (Khanpur Raya) at the station yield trials. This newly bred cultivar takes 133-142 days from sowing to maturity. Thousand seed weight ranges from 5.10 to 5.23 grams. Its average stature is 157-171 cm and possesses tolerance against aphids and diseases especiall...

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...) associated with cattle age, sex and season. Clinical prevalence of the diseases was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in adults (63.59%) and males (51.78%) than in young (36.40%) and females (48.22%). The summer season (40.13%) had a significantly higher prevalence of clinical diseases (P < 0.05) than the winter (33.29%) and rainy (26.58%) seasons. According to this study, a number of cattle diseases with varying percentage

Zarema Alimsultanova Magomedova1, Kheda Khalitovna Dadaeva1, Roza Said-Akhmedovna Zakhkieva1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1*, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2 

...l climatic zones, on average, 27.83% of soil and water samples were contaminated with eggs of nematodes of the genus Nematodirus, with an average of 10.59 ± 0.97 ind. eggs of nematodes in 4-5 g of each soil and water sample. Contamination of soil and water from pastures, places of accumulation of animals, from the banks of foothill rivers, from rural households, from agricultural territories, from the territory of hay...

Shabana Noureen1, Shamaila Asad2, Saad Ullah3, Iqra Shafique Abbasi4 and Shakeel Ahmad5*

...the client learned to manage the symptoms that she was experiencing for the past two years. The study is highly informative as it helps the reader to understand the strategic way of dealing with the client experiencing postpartum depression for an extended period.

...

Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva1, Patimat Mitkhatovna Daniyalova1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2*, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov3 

...om 13.0 to 28.0% (on average by 19.8%). with an increase in the number of eggs per 1 liter of water from 7.2 ± 0.5 to 19.1 ± 1.2 ind. (on average 12.1 ± 0.8 specimens per liter of water). The number of water samples contaminated with eggs of nematodes of the genus Trichocephalus (Schrank, 1788) was high in densely populated areas. In natural water bodies of pastures in Kabardino-Balkaria, their number wa...

Vetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov1, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov2, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev1, Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva4, Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov2,3* 

...mum (Raillet, 1902) (average 13,80±1,30 ekz. per 5 g of soil). The dynamics pasture of soil contamination in the mountain zone with eggs of nematodes of the genus Bunostomum (Raillet, 1902) was characterized of by an increase in pollution soil samples from 62,00 to 95,00% (on average by 77,60%), which indicates the likely formation of persistent foci of invasion that are dangerous to animal health. In recent...
Lovita Adriani1*, Chitra Kumalasari1, Endang Sujana2, Ronny Lesmana3
... Layer Farm Sukarapi Village, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. A total of 40 laying hens 90 weeks were randomly allocated to four treatments and five replications, with experimental Completely Randomized Design (CRD).  The treatments were, T0: probiotic powder free-control diet. T1: ration and 2 % powder probiotic, T2: ration and 3% powder probiotic, T3: ration and 4% powder probiotic. Statistically, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in ...
Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, Sri Rahayu3, Gatot Ciptadi2, Trinil Susilawati2*
...permatozoa, chromatin damage, intact acrosome hood of spermatozoa, and sperm capacitation. The treatments consisted of T1 = unsexed semen, T2 = sexed semen X-bearing sperm, and T3 = sexed semen Y-bearing sperm. A general linear model with three treatments and ten replications was performed in this research. The data were analyzed using a general linear model using SAS Demand on Academics, and the least significant differences were applied if there is significa...
Hendrikus Fatem1,3, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Herry Sonjaya2
...9±0.9) at the average of 1.45±0.58. After the first pregnancy, the average interval from calving to first AI, the interval from calving to conception, and the calving interval were 68.6±39.9 days, 90.6±37.9 days, and 363.8±38.7 days, respectively. The length of pregnancy at first and second calving were 280.1±3.7 and 279.3±4.7 (p>0.05), respectively. It can be concluded tha...

Roni Pazla1, Novirman Jamarun1*, Elihasridas1, Arief1, Gusri Yanti2, Zaitul Ikhlas2

...ia diversifolia) as a forage protein source in Kacang goat rations. Avocado waste to optimize rumen bioprocessing. This research aimed to obtain good performance from Kacang goats through appropriate ration formulation based on fermented forage (sugarcane shoots and tithonia) with avocado waste. This formulation is expected to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats
Seyedmohammad Karimi1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Mohammad Barati3, Ramin Hamidi Frahani4, Mohammad Hassan Kazemi5
...control groups regarding age, gender, BMI and severity of the disease at the time of hospital admission (P > 0.05), which shows a random classification of two groups. The mean AST, ALT, ALP and CBC of patients in case group decreased compared to the control group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In patients with COVID-19 that received Remdesivir, oral administration of melatonin and NAC did not significantly decrease eithe...

Muhammad Humayun Kabir* and Md. Saiful Islam

...acity building. A multistage (both purposive and random) sampling method was applied to select the study location as well as the sampling unit (farmer/household head). Data were collected from randomly selected 336 farmers of Dhamrai Upazila (sub-district) under Dhaka district, Bangladesh using a face-to-face interview survey. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were also conducted to cross-verify the collected data. The data were analyzed using some common descrip...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Hafiz M. Imran Arshad4, Maria del Carmen Zuñiga Romano5 and Sarfaraz Hussain6

...ps worldwide. The causal agent of RSB is the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Finding appropriate management strategies to combat the disease to minimize rice yield losses and reduce global food security threats is challenging. However, scientists are still figuring out the best way to safeguard rice crops from RSB. Recently various pathogenesis-related (PR) viz. PR-3, PR-5, PR-9, PR-10, PR-12, and PR-13 and WRKY gene...

Tariq H.Y. Al-Maliky*, Mahmood S. Hashim and Amal S. Al-Sheraa

...gt;0.05) between the average weights of all the average weights during all periods, while there were no significant differences (P<0.05) between the average weights of the 15 and 30-day periods. In treatment (B) 15, significant differences (P>0.05) were found between all periods of the experiment. Shrimp M. nipponense in salinity 3 (C) treatment, there are significant differences (P&...

Muhammad Adeel Qureshi1*, Raza Ahmad2, Bilal Ahmed1, Tanzim Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Yasin3

... shoot formation. On average, 05 shoots per explant were observed on RZ2. No shoot formation was observed with regeneration media having BAP, i.e. RB1 and RB2. From the research work, it is concluded that auxin (2, 4-D) @ 2mg/lit and cytokinin (zeatin) @ 2mg/lit proved to be the optimum quantity for callus induction and plant regeneration in potato respectively.

...

Syed Shah Mohioudin Gillani1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Adeel Anwar1*, Syed Ijaz Ul Haq2, Muhammad Awais3, Mujahid Iqbal4, Javed Iqbal5, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi6, Raza Ullah7 and Muhammad Abdullah Khan1

...h-resolution satellite imagery to estimate wheat chlorophyll content coupled with ground-based information for accurately monitoring crop chlorophyll status under rainfed conditions. Images with zero clouds from LANDSAT 8 and ground data collection were carried out in a simultaneous time frame. Vegetation indices (VI) comprised of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), green normalized difference vegetation index (GN...

Muhammad Umair1,2, Muhammad Naeem1, Asad Jamil3 and Muhammad Younas2,4*

... for some sustainable management practices for rehabilitation of degraded soils in arid zones. Application of organic matter under these conditions can restore the soil productivity. So, use of biochar for soil restoration under these conditions can be an efficient approach due to its long-term stability in soil. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of three different modified biochar on properties of...

Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov1*, Sadrutdin Shamshitovich Kabardiev1, Ayub Yusupovich Aliev1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov1  

...ardino-Balkaria (the village of Upper Baksan, the village of Elbrus, the a/l Dzhantugan, the village of Tegenekli, the village of Baidaevo, the a/l It-kol, Cheget, Terskol, Azau) in the populations of the Mountain Caucasian ground squirrel, 12 cestode species: Raillietina sp., Rodentolepis straminea, Paranoplocephala transversaria, Rodentotaenia bondarev...

Khasan Khamidovich Shakhbiev1*, Saidkhamzat Saidmagomedovich Abumuslimov1, Larisa. Vakhaevna Taramova1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2 

...ococcosis depends on the age of the dogs. As you can see, this pathology occurs in puppies within 55.5%,of in one-year-old young animals - 30.0%, in adult males and females - 15.0% of the number cases, which indicates of the dominant prevalence of echinococcosis complicated of by streptococcosis among young dogs. The effectiveness of the new bactericidal-anthelmintic composition azitroprazifen at a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight with ground beef of in echinoco...

Mishal Bano1, Amir Shakeel1, Waqar-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Sharif3, Sadia Kanwal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Amna Bibi2 and Ifrah Amjad1

... lint index, lint percentage, seed index, seed density, seed volume, fiber fineness, fiber strength, and fiber length. For plant height, fibre strength, and seed density, Tarzon-05 stood out among the lines as a very effective general combiner. For the number of bolls per plant, the number of sympodial and monopodial branches, the number of nodes on the first fruiting branch, seed cotton yield and the lint percentage, VH-329...

Ghulam Sarwar Shah1,2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1, Rab Dino Khuhro1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...k rot diseases. An advantageous combination of various factors makes the control of Pythium aphanidermatum difficult. However, synthetic fungicides provide quick and effective control. Therefore, we checked the sensitivity of different isolates of P. aphanidermatum to 17-old and novel fungicides. Against all isolates, the fungicides’ main effect, concentration’s main effect, and fungicides’ × concentration’s effect are highly sign...

Kainat Bibi1*, Sajjad Khan1, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani1, Fahad Karim Awan1 and Sajid Ali2 

Ayaz Ahmed1*, Muhammad Zulfiqar1 and Saadutullah Khan2

... these districts six villages were selected purposively and from those villages sample size of 321 households was selected randomly. In the study areas majority (45%) of sample households had 5 to 10 family members which indicated joint family system. Literacy status in study areas was very low (30%). Sayed, Swati, Awan, Gujjar and Kohistani tribes were residing in the study villages. Crop...

M.M. Mikailov1*, O. Yu. Chernykh2, E.A. Yanikova1, G.A. Nurlygayanova3, O.D. Sklyarov4 

...al economy a high percentage of animals with brucellosis (39.1% of those studied) in the early stages after infection and surpasses the results of most other serological methods. Data from comparative serological studies of cattle blood serum in RNGA, ELISA, RA, RSK, RBP and RID with O-PS, confirmed the specificity of the tests and high sensitivity of RNGA with brucellosis erythrocyte antigen 

...

Muhammad Afzal1,3*, Shafqat Saeed1, Hasan Riaz1, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, M. Habib ur Rahman2

... species cause direct damage to the crops by feeding and indirectly by transmission of plant viruses that reduce the crop yield and quality. Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) management is difficult due to multiple virulent strains and higher recombination rate that is a serious threat to the cotton crop of the last two decades in Pakistan. Alternate host plants belonged to vegetables, weeds, and mixed farming practices helped ...

Yuli Retnani1*, Heri Ahmad Sukria1, Indah Wijayanti1, Didid Diapari1, Muhammad Dimas Erlangga1, M Fatahillah Ibsyah1, Taryati1, Nisa Nurmilati Barkah1,3, Novia Qomariyah2,3

...associated with waste management. This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of local sheep fed with agricultural waste in the form of silage and wafers. The study consisted of five treatments and four groups using 20 local male sheep. The results showed that feeding local sheep with agricultural waste in the form of silage and wafers had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the d...

Mutia Rizkia Shaffira, Nurhayati, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri* 

...including carcass percentage, abdominal fat, cholesterol, and cooking losses. The results showed that the addition of red ginger and brotowali extracts in drinking water both single or in combined application improved on body weight gain, conversion ratio, mortality, carcass percentage, abdominal fat, and cooking loss significantly (p<0.05). Administration of a combination of red ginger and brotowali extract in drinking w...
Safika1*, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari1, Juliadi Ramadhan2
...gn: justify;">Infectious agents like as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites can cause feline respiratory conditions. Antibiotics can be used to treat diseases caused on by bacterial organisms. This research aims to determine antibiotic resistance and the gene coding for antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cats in Bogor, Indonesia. This study’s total sample comprised of 58 clinical cat laryngeal swabs. Samples were is...

Sepri Reski*, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli, Montesqrit, Maria Endo Mahata

... thickness, shell percentage, yolk percentage, white percentage and egg fat content. This study concludes that Turbinaria murayana seaweed fermentation products can be used in laying quail rations up to 20% by producing low-cholesterol eggs.
 
Keywords | Cholesterol, Eggs, Fat, Quail, Turbinaria murayana
...

J. Salma and F. Shahina

...corn flour and on assemblage culture on Galleria mellonella larva and lipid modified media for mass scale to assess their production potential. On in vivo culture at ...

A. N. Mahar, N. D. Jan†, A. Q. Mahar and S. R. Gowen

...ence in mortality percentage among all isolates. All the nematodes were found more effective when exposure time increased up to 8 days. S. carpocapsae showed better m...

B. K. Goswami, C. Bhattacharya, R. Paul and T. A. Khan

...ungal biological control agents and chemical pesticides/nematicides on growth, yield and forskolin content in root-knot nematode infected Coleus plants. Among the tes...

A.E. Ismail and M. M. Mohamed

...n densities in various stages. But, SM treatment with their rates ranked statistically in the second category. However, the three levels of CM treatment achieved the third category in managing the nematode. All treatments significantly improved infected sugar beet growth including yield and TSS %. There were positive correlations between the evaluated concentrations and the obtained reduction in numbers of the nematode stage...

W. Khan, N. U. Nisa, A. Khan and S. M. H. M. Naqvi

...under and above 15 years age in Swat, Pakistan. Stool samples were randomly collected during January 2006 to December 2008 and examined from a total of 420 individuals including 238 and 182 under and above 15 years age, respectively from Urban and Rural area of Swat, Pakistan. The techniques used were wet mount (WMT), sedimentation and centrifugation. A number of 171 individuals were found infected with any single species of...

A. Khan, B. Nawab, S. S. Shaukat, M. A. Samad and J. K. Tareen

D. S. Srivastava, M. Sehgal†, A. Kumar, S. Verma, B. K. Dwivedi and S. P. Singh

...different locations (villages) where TSS-1 to TSS-238 varieties and 227 soil and root samples from the okra fields were collected (OSS-1 to  OSS-227) represents 16 different locations (16 villages) to identify the hot spots of plant-parasitic nematodes of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Results revealed that incidence of root-knot nematodes were found 60% and 55.9% in tomato and okra fields, respectively. Beraunji, Bas...

B. Archana and R. Saxena

...ctivity against second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita by in vitro technique. Aqueous extract of all plant roots exhibited nematicidal activity. LC50 values calculated as 1024 ppm for C. roseus, 1867 ppm for S. nigrum, 1968 ppm for A. spinosus, 3428 ppm for C. album and 962 ppm for O. sanctum. LC50 values showed that out of these extracts O. sanctum found to be the most effective. In vivo experiment was conducted to study the effect of root extract of ...

O. A. Fabiyi, G. A. Olatunji and O. Atolani

...;juveniles with a percentage mortality of 48.62% which was not significantly different from carbofuran. At 4th and 6

Saima Akter1, Md. Rasel Prank1, Shariful Islam1, Sharmin Akter1, Injamamul Hasnine1, Murshed Uddin Ahmed2, Md. Shohel Al Faruk3* 

...nimals within 2 years of age were more susceptible to parasitic infestation. As there are no previous studies on the parasitic infestation of cattle in Ullapara Upazila, therefore this study will provide a glimpse of present parasitic infestations in Upazila for future studies on this area.

Keywords | Fecal sample, Age, Trematode, Nematode, Protozoa. 

...

Mohamed S. Abbas1*, Adel E.M. Mahmoud2, Hemat S. Mohamed3, Adam Cieślak4 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel4

...ty-six wild palatable forage plants were identified and analyzed for pH, NH3, TGP, methane and VFA. The results indicated that in grasses the highest pH and NH3 concentration was found in Aeluropus lagopoides, TGP in Ammophila arenaria and methane in Phragmites australis. In legumes the highest concentration of pH was found in Lygos raetum, NH3 and methane in Vicia sativa and TGP in Trigonella maritime. Whereas, in forbs the highest concentration of pH was fou...
Aadil Sultan, Mohsin Ahmad Khan*, Nadeem Ahmed, Muhammad Hassan, Rashid Bhatti, Hafsa Naeem, Muhammad Islam Khan, Saad Tahir,  Samia Afzal* and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...netic factors is gene dosage, which can be increased by increasing the vector copy number. However, increased number of expression vector poses some metabolic burdens on bacterial cells. The current study provides gene multimerization strategy as an alternate way to amplify the gene dosage and explores its effect on the expression of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) by constructing three types of expression vectors i.e.,...

Rehman Shabbir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor us-Sabah1, Mukkaram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Luqman*2, Muhammad Fahad Ullah3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shahzad1

...n: justify;">Due to shortage of good quality water and being enriched in nutrients industrial wastewater is commonly employed for irrigation of crops. The industrial state of Sargodha directly discharges its effluents that flow into a stream. This industrial wastewater was taken for this trial. The contaminants of the stream water were utilized for this trial to check its impacts on soil properties and growth of tomato plants. The physiochemical parameters of ...

Abdul Azis*, Afriani Afriani

... periods of 2 hours from age 7-14 days (FR-1) and age 7-21 days (FR-2); chickens were given free ac­cess to feed during two periods of 4 hours from age 7-14 days (FR-3) and age 7-21 days (FR-4). Body weight, carcass yield, breast, and tight muscle weight of broilers subjected to feed time restriction were significantly lower than broilers fed ad libi...

Trisiwi Wahyu Widayati1*, Aris Triyono Syahputra2, Andoyo Supriyantono1, Onesimus Yoku1, Deny Anjelus Iyai1, Priyo Sambodo1, Iriani Sumpe1 

...plications. The second stage of collection was carried out on day 0 and day 30 after laleken was applied. Sample examination with native method, McMaster and sedimentation. Quantitative data are presented in mean ± standard deviation. The results of the comparison of the two systems were analyzed using the t-test. All pigs were superinfected by Ascaris spp, Trichuris spp and Strongyloides spp parasites with a mean EPG of 2185.56. The prevalence of paras...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Muhammad Idrees1, Afza Rasul2, Iram Amin1 and Samia Afzal1

...enzymes to ultimately damage the liver. To distinguish the potential HCV patients from healthy individuals at an early stage is quite important for its control, which can be achieved by investigation of liver enzymes, complete blood count, and lipid profile of patients. In this study, 144 CHC and 20 controls were included. The serum of CHC patients was analyzed for HCV viral load and genotype. The liver function test, lipid ...

Hasnain Raza1,2, Qun Liu1*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif2 and Yanan Han1

...ic cycle of fisheries management intended to secure our aquatic resources. Indeed the stock assessments not only provide a technical foundation for setting up yearly fisheries harvest levels but also offers a wide variety of other fishery-related measures for management purposes. To do so, we used two newly developed Catch-based Monte Carlo method of estimating MSY (CMSY) and the Bayesian state-space Schaefer production mode...

Bin Hu1*, Jianchang Qu2, Tenglong Han3 and Jun Leng1

... in gender distribution, age distribution, BMI and HbA1c between the control group and the study group before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the PI (P=0.000), GI (P=0.000), PPD (P=0.031), and CAL (P=0.022) of the study group with diabetes and periodontitis were significantly different from the control group. The basic periodontal treatment combined with probiotics has a significant effect on the oral and intestinal flora, inflammatory factors and bloo...

Van-Thanh Vo1, Thi-Hieu Tran1, Thi-Truc-Thao Nguyen1, Van-Tri Truong1, Cu-Thien Pham1, Thanh-Minh Pham2 and Huyen Nguyen Thi Thuong1*

...hrocyte size) at three stages: after 15 days of adding essential oils without infection; five days after infection; and ten days after infection. In this study, fish supplemented with peppermint essential oils stimulated the body to create immunity. However, concentrations of 0.125% and 0.25% showed higher results about this ability in the presence of bacteria while the concentration of 0.5% exhibited a higher antibacterial effect of essential oils.

...

Songruo Tao1, Cuiyi Liao1, Jinju Peng1, Yuexia Ding1,* and Yi Ma1,2,*

...ntration, and the percentage of OTUs number to bacteria were the lowest at 100 mg·kg-1 florfenicol concentration after 21d treating, which was 8.33%. The phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were amplified by ERIC-PCR after 21d treating, the fingerprint type of ERIC-PCR decreased with the increase of drug concentration, and the diversity index of the drug group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group. This indicated that florfenicol had...

Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Karim Gabol1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamidullah4 and Abdul Rahim1

... of vegetation at an average height of 2.87±1.3 m above the ground. The shape of the nest was round to oblong, in the center or on the branch fork of plants. The nests were mainly constructed using local dry grasses (48%) followed by crop leaves (35%), plastic string (10%), and unidentified materials (7%). The average outer diameter of the nest 12.00±1.1 cm, inner diameter 9.13±2.3 cm and inner cup depth...

Alsaied Alnaimy Habeeb*, Amaal M. Kamal, Mostafa Abbas A. Atta, Ahmed K. Sharaf  

...oup. At all experimental ages, the body weight of the separated offspring from their mothers was considerably lower than that of the DLT group (P<0.05). Concentrations of blood biochemical and hormonal levels were affected (P<0.05) due to separation. On day 7, the antioxidant enzyme activities were considerably lower (P<0.05) in the DLS group of rabbits than in the DLT group of animals. It can be inferred that the separation of the kits from their mot...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2, Tulus Maulana3, Hasrin4, Abdullah Baharun5 

...y in modern livestock management. The aims of this study to identify sperms post-thawing quality and proteomic plasma semen as fertility performance in Bali-polled bull. The utilization of Bali-horned bulls as a point of reference was necessary to achieve this aim. The semen samples from Bali-horned and Bali-polled bulls were obtained twice weekly using an artificial vagina. The semen samples were immediately sent to the laboratory for processing. Parameters m...

Dalia Zaafar1*, Heba M.A Khalil2, Soha Hassanin3, Mohamed R. Mousa4, Mona G. Khalil1 

...n be used as an adjuvant agent to boost the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of many types of cancer.

Keywords | Pioglitazone; Cisplatin; Ehrlich solid carcinoma; Oxidative stress; VEGF; PPARγ; anticancer agents; tumorigenesis; biochemical indices 

...

Shabana Memon1*, Aamir Ali Abro1, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro2, Aqsa Farid3, Maliha Habib4, Maqbool Ahmed5, Liaquat Ali Bhutto6, Saba Ambreen Memon7 and Muhammad Farooq8*

...ements at the seedling stage revealed extremely significant variations for all characteristics among genotypes, treatments, and interactions. The results demonstrated a stronger osmotic impact when using -0.5 MPa PEG. At the seedling stage, the genotype SDW-3 had higher decreases in a number of growth indices, such as shoot length (-11.3), root length (-72.6), and shoot fresh weight (-4.4), with an increase in PEG (-0.5 MPa)...

Imdad Hussain Soomro1, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Naeem Rajput1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,6*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Raza Ali Mangi4, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi5, Sheva Dhari6, Abdul Wahid Solangi6 and Zoya Parveen Soomro

...observe the effect of silage feeding on body growth and confirmation of Tapri male goat raised under the intensive housing management system. This study was performed at the Livestock Experimental Station, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. For this purpose, twelve Tapri male goat kids of six months age were purchased from local market and divided into two groups, each group contains ...

Alsi Dara Paryuni1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto1, Tri Untari2, Sitarina Widyarini3*

...igns and the etiological agents of dermatophytosis in cats in Yogyakarta. A total of 69 cats were observed in this study. Physical examination, by using Wood’s lamp, and microscopic examination of hyphae on the skin was used for preliminary screening of dermatophytosis. Identification of fungi was conducted by scrapping area infection of the skin and then cultured on Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) for macroscopic and microscopic examination. The results ...

Noor Rahmawati, Alfi Rumidatul* and Sopandi Sunarya

...ibiotic resistance encourage the exploration of new antibiotic compounds from natural materials, especially from endophytic fungal cultures. This study aims to evaluate different culture media that can support endophytic fungi to produce bioactive compounds that have antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The method used in this study was to ferment endophytic fungi from gall rust sengon in different media, namely PDB, PDB plus sengon wood powder, and PDB plu...

Ghulam Jelani1, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan2, Rida Asrar3, Muhammad Ahmad1,4*, Chanda Naseem5, Zafar Ali Khoso6, Majid Hussain Soomro7* 

...rent treatments show average growth and good performance with the recovery of clinical signs, histopathological changes, mortality, and morbidity percentage. In this study, we represent a review with a descriptive analysis to identify the chronic respiratory poultry disease, method of prevention, their seasonal incidences, and the treatment by the use of good antibiotics and supportive therapy.
 

...

Saleem Hussain1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Tauqir Anwar1, Talha Nazir2*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Zohaib Asad2,4, Muhammad Adnan3 and Tajwar Alam5

... for biorational pest management because these are relatively quickly biodegradable, cost-effective, less persistent and exhibit low mammalian toxicity than synthetic pesticides. This study assessed the toxicity potential of seven local plant species (i.e. parthenium Parthenium hysterophorus L., eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., milkweed Calotropis gigantean (L.) Dryand., bakain Melia azedarach L., neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss., tobacco Nicotiana ...

Shabana Noureen1, Shirmeen Ijaz2, Saad Ullah3, Iqra Shafique Abbasi4 and Shakeel Ahmad5*

...lic about the ways to manage social anxiety.

...

Ali I. Al-Ameedi1, Zahraa M. Ayad2*, Wed Abbas Mohammed3, Salim K. Hajwal4

... lot of chemotherapeutic agents.
 
Keywords | Ginkgo Biloba, Genotoxicity, Hyroxyurea, Protective effect, Phytochemical
...

Abdirahman Barre*, Karanja D Njuguna, Bebora Lilly Caroline and George Chege Gitao

...eritis 5 (3.1%), haemorrhages and congestion of visceral organs (lung and kidney) 6 (3.7%). Histopathology of sero-reactors revealed; cellular infiltration in lymph node 9 (5.6%), hypoplasia of lymphocytes 6 (3.7%), collapse of alveoli 5 (3.1%), oedema, congestion 4 (2.5%), fatty degeneration in liver 3 (1.8%) and haemorrhages in kidney1 (0.6%). In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in camel in Garissa County. Further exte...

ASIMA BANO1, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR*2, AROOSA RASHEED3, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD4, SHAFAAT YAR KHAN1 & RABIA YAQOOB5

JAVERIA NEHAL1, ARIF MUHAMMAD KHAN1, AZHAR ABBAS KHAN*2, MUHAMMAD MUBIN3, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR4 & JAVED IQBAL5

...podis is required for management of citrus canker. PCR-based diagnostic test is appropriate for monitoring pathogen in a very short time compared to laborious, non-specific and expensive protocols. ELISA, Nested PCR has been used for many years in different countries. Citrus orchards in Sargodha region were surveyed and leaf samples showing typical symptoms of citrus canker were collected. Infected section of leaf was taken for isolation of bacteria. Lesions w...
ASMA ABDUL LATIF*1, SAMREEN MUSHTAQ1, SABIHA FAZAL1, MUHAMMAD MANSHA2, & ATIF YAQUB3
...ed higher (29%) in older age group (29-39 years) as compared to (18%) in younger age group (18-28 years). More seropositive women were found in 3rd trimester (26%) as compared to 1st (22%) and 2nd (15%) trimester of pregnancy. The highest seroprevalence of T. gondii was found in women having weight from 40-50kg and lowest rate (9%) was observed in women with 73-83kg weight. Miscarriages we...

TASNEEM IKRAM, FOUZIA SAFDAR, MUHAMMAD ADEEB BABAR, MUHAMMAD ASIM, KHALID MAHMOOD* & MUHAMMAD AKBAR KHAN

...e Miocene-Early Pliocene ages (7.0-3.5 Ma). The fossiliferous sites are situated in district Jhelum near well-known villages the Hasnot and the Padhri. The newly recovered fossils comprise isolated molars and premolars. The studied dental material was identified based on the morphological and metrical characters and assigned to Pachyportax latidens.
 
Key Words: Palaeontology, Taxonomy, Siwalik, ...

MUHAMMAD EJAZ*1, MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF5, ASMA MAQBOOL3, ALTAF HUSSAIN4 & ABDUL QAYYUM KHAN SULEHRIA2

...ity and community assemblage of planktonic rotifers were determined with respect to seasonal variations in a pond of Pipnakha village, Gujranwala. Sampling was executed on monthly basis at three sites of the pond from October, 2011 to September, 2012. Altogether, 74 rotifers belonging to 24 genera and 13 families were identified. Highest (128.7±40 ind/ml) ppopulation density of rotifers was observed in June while lowe...

MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*1, QURAT-UL-AIN ASGHAR1, RAHILA HAFEEZ1, AMNA ALI1, MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER1, MUHAMMAD ALI1, MUHAMMAD BILAL CHATTHA1 ABDUL RASHEED1 & MUHAMMAD SAJJAD2

...r method. Highest percentage of myco-flora (17%) was found to be associated with seeds of Basmati Pak that was considerably more than myco-flora associated with all other varieties of rice. The highest percentage of bacterial isolates (16%) was recorded with Basmati Shaheen variety. Total of six fungal and three bacterial species namely Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternata, Pyricularia sp., Dreschslera sp., Penicillium sp., Cu...
SAEED AHMED*1, ZIA-UR-RAHMAN1, SALMA KHALID2, TARIQ KHAN1, ARSHAD IQBAL3
& ZAMARUD SHAH4
...ch as municipal main storage tank) in rural communities of the Oghi; a total of 175 water samples were collected from the study area with 35 samples from each source. All the samples were analyzed for microbial contamination by pour plate method, membrane filtration technique and MacConkey agar for the isolation of Enterobacteriaceae. Different identification tests have been carried out by using various selective and differential media (MacConkey agar, Eosine ...

MARIAM ZAHEER, KHALID MAHMOOD*, MUHAMMAD ADEEB BABAR & MUHAMMAD AKBAR KHAN

...ne to Middle Pliocene in age. On the basis of the comparative morphology and measurements, the material can be assigned to Pachyportax latidens, Selenoportax vexillarius and cf. Gazella. The new dental material is presented in this article.
 
Key Words: Taxonomy, Palaeontology, Gazella, Pachyportax, Selenoportax
...

Subramaniyam Suresh, Saravanakumar Marimuthu*, Prashanth D’Souza 

... dairy cows weighing average of 450 kg were randomly distributed to two groups viz G1 (control) and G2 (supplemented with PTF) based on average milk yield. The freshly prepared mixture of PTF (40 g/cow/day) in concentrate feed and water was fed to the dairy cows for four consecutive weeks. The effectiveness of PTF was evaluated by assessing the parameters like milk yield (L), 4% fat corrected milk (4% FCM), milk fat (%), blo...

AISHA, MUHAMMAD ASAM RAZA* AND UMME FARWA

...p method using cheaper reagents. The compounds were characterized by employing different spectroscopic techniques and subjected to biological evaluation. In vitro model was used for enzyme inhibition activity through spectrophotometer and suggested that compounds may be helpful in the medicinal field. Compound 2 exhibits more inhibition against BChE (67.7%) while compound 1 showed maximum inhibition of α-glucosidase (65.1%). Theoretical study i.e. dockin...
 
 SADAF SARFRAZ1*, SAFDAR AMEER1, REENA AMBREEN1, SHOMAILA SIKANDAR 2, SHAISTA NAWAZ3 AND YASIR SALEEM
...evelop the antimicrobial agents derived from some natural resources. Among various naturally occurring medicinal plants, Cinnamaldehyde, owing to its acid generation, acid tolerance and virulence gene expression has gained a considerable attention. Keeping in view its beneficial aspects, the present study has been conducted to investigate the contents and compare the nutritional and antimicrobial activities of Cinnam...
 
 ASMAT MEHMOOD, ZAEEMA KHAN AND NAILA MALKANI* 
..., incidence, and rate of age-standardized illness were determined. Data analysis indicated that oral cancer prevalence in Pakistan is increasing year after year, with the growth being particularly pronounced in the country's male population. From 2010 to 2016, the overall prevalence was 0.1 percent. The most common age of diagnosis for oral cancer was 45-65 years, and the standardized cancer incidence rate was 633.411 i.e. 8...
 
 SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2* 
...e industrial level is engaged by various bacteria, yeast, and fungi. But Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most commonly used yeast. Different substrates have been used for ethanol production such as sweat sorghum cane extract, lignocellulose, starch-based substrate and molasses, and other wastes. In this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximu...
 
 SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2* 
...e industrial level is engaged by various bacteria, yeast, and fungi. But Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most commonly used yeast. Different substrates have been used for ethanol production such as sweat sorghum cane extract, lignocellulose, starch-based substrate and molasses, and other wastes. In this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximu...
 
 MUHAMMAD WAHEED MUSHTAQ1*, NAUMAN JAMIL KHAN1, NAVEED ASLAM DOGAR1, AISHA HAMEED2, ABDUL HAMEED2, MALIK ADIL2, HAROON IFTHIKHAR3 & SAIRA ISHAQ
...efrigerated LVs. The average % age loss of ascorbic acid observed in refrigerated and room temperature stored vegetables was 34.18 % and 40.9 % respectively, as compared to fresh one. The highest concentration of vitamin C in fresh LVs was shown by spinach (268.7 mg/L) and least by lettuce (98.03 mg/L). This study shows that fresh vegetables are good source of vitamin C as compared to stored vegetables. 
...
 
 MONIS HUSSAIN SHAH1*, RIAZ UR REHMAN2, RIAZ ALI SHAH1, RIZWAN RAFIQUE3, MUHAMMAD USMAN4, SAJIDA BIBI5 AND SADIA YASEEN
...tailers for extended storage life of gerbera cut-flower prior to sale. The present substrate is easy to use and non-toxic for extending the vase life/freshness of gerbera cut flower. 
...

Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2 

...; control ration (60% forage (CF) + 40% concentrate (CC)), B (30% CF + 30% Tithonia diversifolia (T) + cassava leaves (CL)) + 30% CC + 10% palm concentrate (PC) ), C (30% CF + 30% (T+CL) + 20% CC + 20% PC), and D (30% CF + 30% (T+CL) + 10% CC + 30% PC). The parameters observed were milk production, milk fat, and lactose content, intake and digestibility of fat, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and the correlations between fat intake and milk fat ...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady3*, Mohamed Karmi2, Menna_allah Youssef1, Aml M. Abdel-Ra’ouf1, Bahaaa Madkour1 

... and intraerythrocytic stages of Theileria annulata piroplasms inside RBCs..Polymerase chain reactions of T. annulata merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen Targeting gene: (Tams1) revealed positive 29 (58%) animals confirmed by visualization of specific bands at 768 bP. Positive results could be detected in suspected cattle that showed positive or negative blood smear results that proved the high sensitivity of PCR test compared with the conventional method for ...

SAIMA SHARIF*1, SHAGUFTA NAZ1, RIDA IRAM1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, TASNIM FARASAT1 and MUHAMMAD SAQIB2

...ying variables regarding age, gender, father‟s occupation, parent‟s education, child‟s family income etc. Their blood samples were collected and analyzed to find out the level of Haemoglobin, RBC‟s, WBC‟s, platelets, MCV, MCH and haematocrit specifically. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (version 13). Among the 500 subjects, according to haemoglobin level 130 subjects (26%) were normal whereas 370 (74%) were anaemic. It was found that 120 ...

Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Shafia Saba2, Madiha Mobeen Khan3, Umair Faheem4, Asad-ur-Rehman3, Naeem Arshad Maan3 and Waseem Hassan5

... in 2018. The immature stages of pest were found on these ornamental bushes, collected from the infested plants grown in lawns of Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan, and were brought to the lab for rearing and identification. After emergence of moths, specimens were killed and identified using available taxonomic keys under stereomicroscope. After identification, it was revealed that the insect under study was identified as T. v...

Zubair Ali, Muhammad Sohail*, Yasir Ameen, Hamidullah, Ishtiaq Ahmed and Mehwish Malik

...ue being utilized for management of reproductive efficiency of dairy cows all over the world. The ultrasound facility was not available in the study area due to which farmers were complaining about reproductive issues of their animals. Therefore, this study was conducted for assessment of reproductive health of cow genital tract using real time B mode Ultrasonography in order to improve the economics of the farmer through decreasing calving interval and improv...
Jameel Ahmed1,2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Nadeem Rashid1, Asim Faraz3*, 
Majed Rafeeq1, Irfan Shehzad Sheikh1, Mudassar Jahan1,2, Abdul Fatih1,2
Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Ifrah Jameel1, Muhammad Ali1 and Saira Iftikhar4
...-allelomorphism. The average observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne) and Shannon’s Information Index were 2.07 ± 0.79, 1.86 ± 0.69 and 0.54 ± 0.29, respectively. Heterozygosity was described by the average, observed and expected heterozygosities whose values were found to be 0.56 ± 0.27, 0.44 ± 0.27 and 0.43 ± 0.26, respectively. Slightly higher magnit...

Amber Khalid1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Mirza Azhar Beg1 and Surrya Khanam2

...tural pest and causes damage to the crops in Pakistan including Pothwar. Information about the diet of the rodents is prerequisite for the better management of pest species. Previous studies conducted on the diet of Indian gerbil were only based on field observations. This study provides information on the diet analysis of Indian gerbil through stomach contents. Samples were collected from different localities of Pothwar dur...

Jianli Xiong1,2,*, Hongtao Ren2, Guanglu Li2, Xiaochan Gao2, Yong Huang2 and Shiyang Gao2

...cantly decreased the average daily feed intake and the feed/gain ratio. Moreover, compared with control, the thymus index, serum SOD and GSH-Px increased significantly, while MDA decreased significantly in the 20, 40, and 80 IU/kg groups. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation can increase the feed conversion ratio, thymus index, antioxidant defense function, and decrease oxidative damage of growing swan geese.

...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...akistan. This disease damages the bursa of Fabricius (BF), which causes immunosuppression in birds. A total of 50 tissue samples from backyard chicken flocks presenting suspected symptoms were collected during February 2020 and March 2021 for genetic characterization, followed by phylogentic analysis. A total of 4 isolates were sequenced based on partial VP1 and hyper-variable region of the VP2 genes simultaneously. According to phylogenetic analysis, the stud...

Gulzhan Kalenovna Mussayeva1*, Alikhan Meldebekovich Meldebekov2, Nurgul Alikhanovna Meldebekova2, Gulshat Imanzhankyzy Shaykamal1, Batyrkhan Azimkhanovich Buralkhiyev2, Nurkuisa Mirzabekovich Rametov3 and Kanat Zhumanov4

...Ideal line have an advantage in milk productivity. Furthermore, that the highest productivity was noted in cows of the Wis Burke Ideal line – 14793.02, which is 3894.44 and 3523.52 kg higher than in the peers of the Reflection Sovereign and Osborndale Ivanhoe lines. Since the research farm specializes in breeding Holstein breed it is necessary to adhere to the standard of the breed in all genetic, constitutional, exterior and productive parameters. To fu...

Ovirup Bhushan Paul1, Shodipta Sharma Urmi2, Md. Ashraf Ali Biswas3* 

...s produced with 70% roughage of silage & rice straw and 30% concentrate mixture. FTMR feed was produced by mixing TMR feed with molasses containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prepared TMR and FTMR feed mixed with rumen fluid buffer for in vitro digestion at 6h, 12h, 24h, & 48h of the incubation period. There were five replications at each of TMR and FTMR dietary treatments. Mean comparison of both TMR and FTMR group ...

Yuhua Chen1 and Song Lu2*

...ontrol group, the percentage of living cells of CD8+T and CD4+T in the electric stimulation group increased (P<0.05). The protein expression of PD-1 in the electric stimulation group was higher and that of CD39 in the electric stimulation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The rate of oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification of CD8 + T cells increased after electric in stimulation group compared with the control group (P&l...

Usman Ali1,2*, Basharat Ahmad1, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Muhammad Kabir3, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Liaqat Ali Khan1 and Muhammad Bashir Khan1

...tive conservation and management of Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus requires the identification and in-depth knowledge of suitable habitats. Habitat suitability models (HSMs) have wide use in the understanding of niche requirements, hence prioritizing management and conservation issues for threatened species. This study aimed to identify the current range and suitable habitat of black bear in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&a...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Ziaul Islam2, Assar Ali Shah3 and Saad Ullah1

...i (Brown) laying hens of age 28 weeks were sourced and reared for 40 weeks. There were 4 groups with 4 replicates per group containing 10 birds each. Corn-soybean meal diet (Basal Diet) was offered to the control group (A), while groups B, C, and D were fed the basal diet with 3, 6, and 9 % soybean hulls (SH) respectively. Results showed higher(P<0.05)crude fiber, ash, cellulose, and hemicellulose content for diets containing soybean hull (SH) at 3, 6, and ...

Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Mansoor Tariq1, Zubair Ahmed Leghari2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Barirah Rehman Talpur1 

...ts older than 2 years of age (23.7%) than the goats 1-2 years of age (10.0%) and was lowest in goats younger than 1 year of age (8.0%). Breed-wise results showed higher (p<0.001) seroprevalence of CCPP in Tapri goat breed (30.0%) than the Teddy (24.0%) and Pateri (11.0%) while it was lowest in Kamori goat breed (7.0%). These results concluded that CCPP is prevalent in the study area thu...

Tinda Afriani*, Jaswandi, Adisti Rastosari, Muhammad Cadilac Al Razzak, Dwiki Wahyudi 

...in sperm motility percentage, 26.3% in sperm survival rate and 22.5% in intact plasma membrane percentage as compared to the control group (P < 0.01). However, the sperms abnormality data did not show any effect (P>0.05) of tomato juice addition. The addition of 20% tomato juice extract in egg yolk citrate diluent showed better results as compared to the 10% tomato juice addition. In conclusion, tomato juice addition i...

Doaa H. Assar1, Rasha A. Al-Wakeel2, Zizy I. Elbialy3, Mahmoud M. El-Maghraby4, Helmy K. Zaghlool5, Adel A. El-Badawy4, Abdel-Khalek E. Abdel-Khalek6*

...sime). Twenty-four lambs aged 10 months with 32.93±0.48 kg LBW were distributed into three groups (8/group). Lambs in G1 (controls) were fed a basal diet without treatment. In G2 and G3, the daily diet was supplied with 1 and 5 g SPL /kg from 10 to 15 months of age. Dietary SPL supplementation significantly increased body weight, count of red and white blood cells, packed cell volume, and serum total protein, high-den...

Yusmarini Yusuf*, Usman Pato*, Shanti Fitriani, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi, Diky Arma Fauzi, Ghina Ismadiah, Miftahul Hidayah, Windy Sabiliani

...ontent and are easily damaged. The addition of several types of preservatives can be used as an effort to extend the shelf life of fishballs. This study aimed to study the quality of fishballs using several preservatives following fish standards during early frozen storage. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was used in this experiment to create 16 experimental units. The treatments in ...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay, Stormy Vertygo

...DF. In conclusion, the usage of 10% palmyra sap (T2) resulted in the lowest pH but the highest lactic acid production, while 2% urea and 10% palmyra sap (T3) had the highest crude protein and decreased the value of crude fiber, NDF and lignin of rice bran.
 
Keywords | Fermentation, Palmyra sap, Rice bran, Urea
...

Zulaikha Zainool Abidin1, Fahim Hafiy Idris2, Suriya Kumari Ramiah1, Elmutaz Atta Awad1, Zunita Zakaria3,4, Zulkifli Idrus1,2* 

... transportation, and lairage, on the caecal population Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., E. coli, Clostridium spp., and Lactobacillus spp. in broiler chickens. Thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens were subjected to either 0 h or 8 h of feed withdrawal, followed by 2 h or 4 h of road transportation. For each feed withdrawal-transportation subgroup, the birds were lairaged for 0 h or 3 h. Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter s...

Omnia M. Khattab1, Morcos I. Yanni2, Hala K. Abdelmegeed2, Mahmoud Eliwa1, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1

...of evaluating the percentage of identity in relation to vaccine commercially used, detecting sequence changes related to virus virulence or tropism. In this study Fifty-seven fecal samples were collected from suspected cases of cats. 19 fecal samples were positive using Rapid FLV Ag test kits kit (VDRG FLV/FIV Ab rapid kit). Fifty-seven blood samples of the same animals were subjected for hematological examination to investigate the severity of leukopenia. Thi...

Safaa Rhaimi1, Sara Brikat2, Mouloud Lamtai2*, Mohammed Ouhssine1

...nistered once by oral gavage to four groups of female Wistar rats (n=6) at three different doses; 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg. During 14 days after dosing, a follow-up was carried out for the mortality, food and water consumption, body weight changing and clinical signs. Biochemical parameters and organ weight were also examined. The behavior of rats was evaluated at the end of the experiment for anxiety-like and depression-like and memory. Accordingly, treatmen...

Siti Fairus Mohamed Yusoff1, Annie Christianus1*, Yuzine Esa1, Muhammad Fadhil Syukri Ismail1, Bashiru Garba2, Nik Siti Zaimah Safiin3, Nur Hamid Hidayahanum4

Riswandi1*, Ali Aim1, Muhakka1, Afnur Imsya1, Agus Wijaya2

...lign: justify;">Swamp forage is an alternative feed for ruminants due to as a source of nutrients and phytochemicals (tannins and saponins), including water mimosa, giant molests, and water chestnuts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swamp forages combination in the ration on the characteristics of rumen fermentability and methane production. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) wit...

Imran Khan1*, Shahid Amin2, Safiullah3, Shah Zeb Khan3, Abidullah3, Amjad Ali3, Saghir Imdad Hassan3 and Israr Ud Din3

...ection rate in different age and sex groups of camels. A total of 300 blood samples were used for diagnosis. After analyses, 5.67% (17/300) samples were found positive for Trypanosoma evansi using thick and thin blood smears techniques as per method described by (Adam et al. 1971). A higher infection rate was found in females (6.67%) as compared to males (4.67%). Highest (9.00%) infection was noted in camels above 4 years of age...
Riaz Muhammad1*, Aamer Sharif2 and Muftooh ur Rehman Siddiqi³
... performance of single-stage gravitational water vortex turbine assembled in a conical basin with curved blade has been analyzed at different head and flow rate to investigate the performance parameters such as vortex formation, vortex height and rotational speed. In addition to that, the influence of vortex formation, vortex height and vortex shape on rotational speed is also investigated. A two input factors, i.e. water head and flow rate, and each having fi...

Anhar Ibrahim Elhanafy*, Amr Mohamed Mousa, Amaal Mohamed Kamal 

... White rabbits (6 months age) were divided into four groups. Three of them (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/doe) represent different concentrations of BV, while the fourth group was control. Twice weekly injections of does were carried out along 12-weeks. Results revealed that BV treated does were significantly improved RBCs count, WBCs, serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations, as compared to control. Upon treatment, a significant decline in aspartate am...

Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2

...f ginger extract at a dosage of 5mg/ml with 24, 48, and 72 hr. treatment times was 90.1, 95.8, and 99.2% respectively, compared to the positive and negative control groups, which had ovacidal effects of 83.1 and 16.88%, respectively. But, the ovicidal efficacy of ginger methanolic extract at a dosage of 10 mg/ml is 97.4, 100, and 100% respectively, with treatment times of 24, 48, and 72 hr. While, using ginger extract at dos...

Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi

...showed the development stages of C. meleagridis. There were significant differences between the curcumin (4.33 mg/kg/day) and paromomycin (100 mg/kg/day) treatments. Curcumin was able to treat the infection and needed father evaluation.
 
Keywords | Cryptosporidium, Biology study, Histopathology examination, Curcumin, Paromomycin, Herbal medicine, Quails
...

Oussama Zghari*, Mouloud Lamtai, Sofia Azirar, Mohamed Yassine El-Brouzi, Hajar Benmhammed, Aboubaker El-Hessni, Ali Ouichou, Abdelhalem Mesfioui

...s well mediates brain damage in CA3 hippocampal area. These alterations were reversed by MEL. It can be concluded that, by exerting its properties against the oxidative action of this metal in the hippocampus, MEL may play a potential role in protecting against the behavioral and histopathological alterations induced by Al.
 
Keywords | Aluminum, Melatonin, Neurobehavioral alterations, Oxidative stress, Biochemical indices, Histopa...

Imran Muhammad Siddique1, Naseem Sharif1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mudassar Naseer1, Ammara Noreen3, Naseem Akhtar4 and Safeer ud Din5

... quality attributes. Average fruit weight and size outstripped other contestant strains. It produces average weight per fruit as 170.58gms with length/breadth, as 70.68mm and 68.08 mm respectively. Maximum juice recovery as 46.22% with glucose 48.08gms per liter, fructose 27.72gms per liter was obtained significantly high in less seeded strain LSKS-2. Total soluble solids as 11.70% remained in the same strain (LSKS-2). Vitam...
Lubna Anjum Minhas, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar and Jamila Annum 
...alpindi. A microscopic image data was used to identify algal species. A total of 30 species were recorded that belonged to 4 orders, 11 families, and 14 genera. Clamydomonas reinardtii, Acutodesmus obliquus and Cosmarium isthmocondrum are new record from Pakistan. Among identified taxa, Scenedesmus was the dominant genus with 8 species and their contribution was 26.6%. The 2nd most dominant genus was Cosmarium with 6 species and their contribution was 20%. The...

Faradji Khalil1*, Slimani Noureddine2 and Senoussi Abdelhakim3

... randomly selected to engage in agriculture and animal husbandry. These farms are also located in a lower arid bioclimatic zone with cool winters. The methodological approach followed to carry out our study requires the use of appropriate observation or survey methods and the use of analysis means adapted to the situations encountered. In this context, the means used to carry out this work are based on documentary research, surveys and observations. Based on f...
Muhammad Arabi Awan1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2*, Naeem Akhtar2 and Azmat Ali Awan3
...can cause significant damage to the olive tree, affecting its growth and yield, and also reducing the quality of the olives produced. A study conducted in 2020 at the agricultural research center in Tarnab, which evaluated the effects of different pesticide treatments on the population of olive psyllids in an olive orchard. The study tested three treatments: CHLORPYRIPHOS 50% EC (T1), THIAMETHOXAM 25 WG (T2), and Detergent (T3), and compared the results to a c...

Riaz Hussain1*, Ata-ul-Mohsin1, M. Farooq Nasir1, Zahid Akram2, Muhammad Sajid Qureshi1 and Abdul Mannan Hamzah1

...to develop integrated management strategies for its control, based principally on manipulation of its parasitoids including Diadegma insulare. The research study was conducted to investigate the effects of two cabbage varieties on fitness parameters (i.e. percent parasitism, offspring sex ratio and developmental periods) of Diadegma insulare, a larval parasitoid of Plutella xylostella. All experiments were carried out under ...

Siti Azizah1*, Salsa I Latifah1, Irfan H Djunaidi1, Anif M Wati1, Achadiah Rachmawati1, Siti Hamidah2 

...k and involved in the management or raising activities of beef cattle with the adegen scheme. Karangtekok Hamlet, Situbondo, Indonesia, was deliberately chosen as the research site, considering the sociocultural characteristics representing a household-scale farming community. Karangtekok, which occupies the buffer area of ​​Baluran National Park, carried out cattle farming traditionally but involved profit-sharing cooperation on a household scal...

Ijaz Haider1,2*, Muhammad Riaz2, Sikandar Ali2, Qurban Ali1, Ali Noman3, Dilbar Hussain1, Imran Nadeem1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Aqsa Abbas1, Asad Aslam1, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa2, Ejaz Ul Hassan2, Muhammad Zubair2, Muhammad Saleem1 and Muhammad Kamil Malik1

... and thus reduced the damage of pest. SA can be used as alternative combination for the management of cotton whitefly and the amount of insecticide can be reduced for the control of whitefly.

...

Rashid Khan1, Muhammad Sajid2, Saud Khan3*, Jehanzeb4 and Aslam Noor5

...jor challenge due to storage and packing issues in developing countries. The current study was designed to evaluate postharvest quality of apricot at different harvesting stages i.e., M1 (greenish), M2 (light yellow) and M3 (orange-yellow) while, storage conditions i.e., packed in plastic bags with F0 (closed), F5 (5 pores), F10 (10 pores), F15 (15 pores), F20 (20 pores) and F25 (25 pores)...

Dian Septinova*, Hananda Sofia, Nari Ratih, Armelia Rizqika, Riyanti, Veronica Wanniatie, Madi Hartono 

...onut water (FCW) and storage time at cold temperatures (5oC) on the physical, microbial, and organoleptic qualities of broiler breast meat. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with a nested pattern with 0 minutes or control (M0), 40 minutes (M1) and 80 minutes (M2) as the main factor; and storage time of 7 days (S1) and 14 days (S2) as nesting factors. The results showed that marinating (40 and 80 minut...

Hasanain Jihad Neamah 

...tress during cooling storage. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of adding an aqueous prickly pear extract (PPE) in ram semen on sperm parameters during cooling storage. Three levels of PPE were added to the diluted ram semen (PPE1=5mg +Tris extender, PPE2=10 mg +Tris extender, and PPE3=30 mg +Tris extender), and compared with control group (Tris extender without addition of PPE). Motility of sperm, hypo osmotic sw...

Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef2*, Entesar H. Taha1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Hassan Abd- El-Khair4 and Nora R.A. Saleh2

...ntrol. As for the percentages of the second stage juveniles mortality increased with increasing the concentrations and exposure periods. Generally, the highest egg hatching inhibition and juvenile mortality occurred after 96 and 72hrs exposure to the suspensions of the tested isolates of P. fluorescens depending upon their concentrations and exposure periods, respectively.

...

Mostafa Mohamed Attia Hammam, Moawad Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed* and Mahfouz Mohamed Mostafa Abd-Elgawad

... examines M. arenaria damage on faba bean and presents effective control methods as Egypt is the world’s largest importer of faba bean. Using gain thresholds, the study compares costs of a biological versus a chemical nematicide for M. arenaria control on faba bean. Meloidogyne arenaria was not detected at pre-planting soil samples of two consecutive field seasons. However, the potential of field weeds as hosts/reservoirs for M. arenaria to transfer from...

Usama Saleem1, Muhammad Asrar1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Saddam Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Hassan Usman1, Muhammad Imran1, Mubshar Saleem3 and Maryam Hamid1

...It causes significant damage by sucking cell sap, injecting a poison into the plant, eliminating photo-assimilates, and spreading plant-destroying viruses. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of botanical extracts and synthetic insecticides in combating wheat aphids. Data regarding the aphid population was recorded 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after the application of plant extracts and insecticides. Maximum mortality recorded after 168 hours was, 8...

Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5

...e immature development stages of Ae. aegypti. This study concluded that, Ae. aegypti larvae’s body size depends upon seasonal temperature inversion in the breeding water. These findings can help in predicting the variation in the development rate of Ae. aegypti larvae under different seasonal temperatures. 
 
Novelty Statement | The determines the body length variation of Aedes aegypti larvae...

Ahmad Jupri1*, Yuliana Vofi2, Faturrahman2, Immy Suci Rohyani1, Ernawati1, Bulkaini3, Djoko Kisworo3, Wardatul Jannah4 

... Joben, Pesanggrahan Village, Montong Gading District, East Lombok Regency. Drinking water from springs can be polluted by contaminants such as bacteria, viruses and others during storage and distribution. This study aims to analyze the quality and microbiological feasibility of drinking water sourced from Joben Springs, Montong Gading, East Lombok. The research was carried out in May-June 2021. The research method used was ...

Enas K. Abo El-Maged, Azza H. El-Salakwy, Safia A. El-Gamal and Gehn Allam

...s a control group. Their age ranged from 17-42 years (mean = 29.31). The age at marriage lies between 16-36 years. All samples were tested for HPV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using one pair of general primers which allowed for the amplification of HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 52, & 58. These primers were designed to amplify E6/E7 gene junction sequences. Twenty ni...

A. A- E. Abo-Elkhier1, K. S. E. Abdel-Wahab2, M. A. Ali3, M. A-H. El-Sayed4, N.A-K. Saleh5 and A. A. Atef6

... years old and 120 women aged matched who had normal full-term pregnancy in labor were included in the present study. Maternal blood was tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibody and the positive cases were tested for HEV Ag and HEV RNA. The fetal tissue from anti-HEV IgG and IgM positive aborted women and cord serum of infant of anti-HEV IgG and IgM positive full term delivered women were tested for REV Ag and HEV RNA. Among 120 aborted women. 2.5 (3/120) of t...
M. A. Abou El- Nasr1, Kh. A. Dougdoug1, Hayam S. Abdelkader2, and Rehab A.
Dawoud2
...yvirus (PPV), the causal agent of Sharka disease of Prunus inflicts severe crop losses in affected El-Amar area. The virus isolated from EL-Amar apricot trees, was propagated on apricot healthy seedlings. Degenerated oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the N-terminal portion of the capsid protein of PPV. The amplified products were cloned into pGEM-T-Easy vector and hybridized to PPV DNA specific probe labeled with Dig-I 1dUTP. DNA sequencing usin...

Hala A. Amin1; A. Barakat2; A.A. Abou Zeid1

...icant amounts of immunoreagents. Hence, using directional cloning technology, a 38-KDa fusion protein containing a complete coat protein (CP) gene or Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) encoded by the expression vector plasmid (Pinpoint™ Xa3, Promega) with a fragment of biotin binding protein (BBP-rCTV-CP) was highly expressed and purified from E. coli cell culture. Antiserum obtained from rabbits after injection with the BBP-rCTV-CP fusion protein showed compar...

E. K. Allam1; Kh. A. El-Dougdoug1; M. A. Amer2; A. A. Abou-Zaid2; and S. M. Amin2

 Salwa N. Zeinl and Hanaa S. Zawam2

... and 12 nm wide. The average yield was 1.14-1.7mg/100 g tissue of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Purified virus preparation was used for rabbit immunization. The polyclonal antibodies raised against the local isolate of ACLSV had a specific titer of l: 8000. The concentration of IgG and IgG conjugate with alkaline phosphatase was l: 1000. The prepared antiserum was used for detection Of ACLSV using ELISA dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). The presence of the virus was...

Waheed Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Bakhtawar Khan1*, Aftab Amin3, Muhsin Ali4, Awais Farid, Ali Hazrat5 and Muhammad Yahya5

...ent. Thus plant-based management could be a possible antidiabetic strategy. The objective of the most recent study was to assess Verbascum thapsus’s ability to combat hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg kg-1, b.w.) to cause diabetes. There were five groups of mice (n=10): group 1 (normal control) received normal food and water, group 2 (diabetic control) received normal food and clean water, group ...

Asim Faraz1*, Nasir Ali Tauqir2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Arslan Akbar3, Muhammad Abubakar Sufyan1, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Amal AlKharusi7, Samira Jebahi8 and Ayman Balla Mustafa9

...e outcome of lactation stage and pregnancy on milk composition and production of Marecha dromedary camel at Camel Breeding and Research Station (CBRS), Rakh Mahni, district Bhakkar of Punjab province, Pakistan. Two comparable groups of she-camels were formed and each group had ten she-camels; one group was selected from early lactation stage (1-3 months) with no pregnancy (G1) and the second group (G2) with end lactation st<...

Asim Faraz1, Amal AlKharusi2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel4, Syeda Maryam Hussain5, Abdul Waheed1*, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6

...d 2014-2016. The farm management worked to improve and propagate the breed of Thalli Sheep. Different management practices like identification, weighing, vaccination, deworming, dipping, spraying, hoof trimming, shearing, breeding, lab screening and weather management were practiced to increase the fertility and decrease the mortality percentage. Aver

Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...kets. Integrated pest management (IPM) is an appropriate and sustainable strategy for controlling fruit flies as it is based on integrated application of all available pest control methods with minimum implication of hazardous synthetic insecticides. In this study, five treatments including field sanitation (T1), pheromone-based attract and kill strategy (T2), protein-based bait method (T3), combination of all three methods (T4) and control (T5) were evaluated...

Muhammad Afzal Naeem1*, Muhammad Hassaan Khan2, Tahmina Nazish3, Uzma Bashir4 and Midrarullah5

...grown at 4.7 million acreage area in Punjab province annually. The rotational cultivation of cotton and wheat crops constitutes the major cropping pattern in Pakistan. Current study was undertaken to investigate the allelopathic effect of the post-harvest remnants of cotton crop on the germination and growth parameters of successor wheat crop. Experiment was laid down in complete randomized design. The seeds (n=10) of Triticum aestivum L. were placed in each r...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1,2*, Neelam Yaqoob3*, Abdullah2, Amina Iftikhar4, Muhammad Irfan5, Hafiza Zara Saeed6, Syed Saqlain Hussain7 and Sidra Shakil8

...maximum emergence percentage (94.25 %), shoot length (5.52 cm), root length (6.20 cm), fresh biomass (0.95 g), dry biomass (0.32 g), minimum time to start emergence (2.56 days), mean emergence time (4.51 days), time to complete 50% emergence (3.62 days), was observed under control while minimum emergence percentage (22.50 %), shoot length (0.95 cm), root length (1.11 cm), fresh biomass (0.18 cm), dry biomass (0.06 cm), maxim...

Yun Zhang*

...ed healthy women (n=100) aged 28 to 40. The blood samples were collected, and exosomes were isolated using commercial kit. The exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscope. Western blotting was done to detect the protein expression. Transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that exosomes could be significantly observed in the PE group. The expression of surface markers that included CD63 and CD81 were dramatically upregulated in PE group...

Pengliang Xie1, Lufang Zheng2*, Mingxia Dong3, Huaiqiang Zhang1 and Fang Chen1

...ral information (gender, age, BMI) (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the diseased group had higher expression of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 mRNA (P<0.05), and higher content of VEGF, PlGF, sICAM-1, MCP-1 and PDGF than the control group (P<0.05). The diseased group had higher protein expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-13 than the control group (P<0.05). In detection of protein expression levels of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 in patients with diffe...
A.l. Abd El-Fattah; A.s. Saclik M.M. El-Kholi; I.A. Åbdcl-Hmnid and M.A. Madkour
...rus (SCMV) is the causal agent Of mosaic disease which is reported to be one of the most important viral diseases attacking sugarcane crop in Egypt. Therefore. the present work was designed to screen the SCMV strains in Egypt based on biological. serological and molecular characterization. Data of the use of Sorghum bicolor vars. Rio and Atlas show successful detection of 7 SCMV strains (A, B. D. E. H. l. and M). The indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...

Sen Ye1, Jiangang Pang2 and Xiuli Wang3*

... reduces cerebral hemorrhage in mice with TPA ischemic stroke after thrombolysis. Male Wistar mice (11-week-old) as our experimental subjects were administered with warfarin (0.2 mg/kg/day), rivaroxaban (60 mg/kg/day), rivaroxaban (120 mg/kg) /day), or solvent pretreatment for 14 d to induce transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min, followed by perfusion with tPA (10 mg/kg/10ml). Infarct volume, bleeding volume, immunoglobulin G leak

Wuritunashun*, Burenbatu, Narenqiqige, Jiuguniang, Eerdunduleng, Shuanglian Wang, Cuiqin Gong, Hashengaowa, Huizhi Jin, Baiwurihan and Chunhaizi

...f Zhenbao pill in the management of HSP.

...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1,  Muhammad Arshad2, Sohail Akhter3
Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan1, Muddassir Ali1 and Arshad Makhdoon Sabir1
...nt of integrated pest management (IPM). λ cyhalothrin, a pyrethroid, is commonly used to manage economic insect pests in agricultural crops since long. An assay was designed to evaluate the efficacy of λ cyhalothrin on biological parameters of generalist predator, Coccinella septempunctata. Results indicated that λ cyhalothin has no significant impact on developmental life stage<...

Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1*, Atta Hussain Shah1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1 and Asghar Ali Kamboh2

...ased with increasing storage period of chilled, frozen and thawed buffen, chevon and chicken meat samples. Nutritive values of chilled, frozen and thawed buffen sample also decreased with increasing storage period.

...
Mansoor Ayoob1, Atta Hussain Shah1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob2,3*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1,5 and Abdul Sattar Baloch4
... 4, 8 and 12 days of storage (4 ̊C). The moisture, fat and protein contents were moderately decreased on the 4, 8 and 12th days of storage in all the groups. The glycogen content showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase among the groups except for the control. Whereas peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in all the groups, excluding control, which showed an increase. Moreover, the...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Oriyanti Br Situngkir1, Yan Heryandi2, Takayuki Ohnuma3, Yose Rizal1 

...ffect of the type and dosage of pellet binder Miana plant (Plectranthus scutellarioides [L]R.Br) on crude fiber digestibility, nitrogen retention, and energy metabolism in broiler chicken. The study used 30 broiler male chickens with an average body weight of 1.5 kg at five weeks of age. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) of a 3x3 factorial pa...

Adel B. Salama and Reham M. Sabry*

... yield, fixed oil percentage and fatty acid analysis of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to arrange the treatments in three replicates, (H): petal harvesting and (C): without petal harvesting (control). Petal harvested plants produced a significantly much more harvestable total flower yield of 297-350 per plant than control with 48-51 flower/plant. Further, petal harvesting has significant effect on the f...

Fatimah Mohammed Alsarawi1*, Azharia Abdelbagi Elbushra1,2 and Ishtiag Faroug Abdalla1,3

...r productivity and encouragement of foreign agricultural investment to ensure sustainable food supply and to fill the domestic production gap.

...

Seharish Munawar and Nuzhat Afsar*

...eferens sequence (VDS) stages were observed in imposex females. Therefore, studies revealed the presence of imposex phenomena in targeted species at Gadani due to high concentration of leached out organometalic compound Tributyltin Tin (TBT) from the ship breaking scrap which is responsible to change hormonal levels and subsequent physiological change related to sexuality in animals as well as also responsible to bring morphological changes in other body parts...

Muhammad Asim Bhutta1,2*, Amna Bibi2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Sadia Kanwal2, Zarmeena Amjad1, Hafeez ur Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Muhammad Nouman Khalid4 and Syeda Fiza Nayab5

...sically light-induced damage to the photosynthetic machinery that principally affects the Photosystem II complex and leads to less photosynthetic productivity. A light-independent photosynthetic activity restricts the consumption of electrons produced in the early photoreactions, which appears to be the principal cause of photoinhibition by visible light. There is a chance that excessive photosynthetic electron transport could lead to an overabundance of react...

Tajul Islam Mamun, Jillur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jamal Hossain, Md Wakil Mahmud and Kamruz Zaman

...uous correlation between age and neutering status. This finding will contribute to develop future investigations.

...

Luqman1*, Zahid Hussain2, Tamana Bakht3, Fazli Wahab1, Miftah-ud-Din1, Haroon Khan2, Imran Shinwari1, Ata Ullah1, Liaqat Khan1 and Sara Hidayat

...d wheat straw had an average of 7.0, 7.17, and 7.0 leaves plant-1, respectively. The highest biological yield (15364 kg ha-1) was recorded in the plots of hand weeding, while the lowest (11439) in the control. Mulch treatments of R. crispus, E. helioscopia and wheat straw had the biological yield of 13306, 13071 and 13059 kg ha-1, respectively. In conclusion, the North-South cropping pattern (sowing direction) and the mulching of chopped biomass of R. crispus ...

Muhammad Saad Waqas, Li Xia, Tian-Ci Yi*, Liang-Yu Sun, Rong Xiao and Dao-Chao Jin*

... plant surface. Waste management behaviour of many Stigmaeopsis species are well described by many scientists but waste management behaviour of S. inthanonsis is still unknown. Here, we studied nest relocation and waste management behaviour of S. inthanonsis. Results showed that fecal piles, dead bodies and exuviae are the waste materials of S. inthanonsis nests. The defecation behaviour s...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

...parasites were shaped by age, sex, breed, and study areas. This knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites will help guide for the surveillance of goat parasitosis in Benin.
 

...

Rahma Boukarine*, Leila Hamdi and Kamel Khelili

...tic and renal profile damaged by xylene. Seventy rats were divided into seven equal groups and treated by gavage for 30 days as follows: Control group (C), group (CO), positive control group (RE) was received 350 mg / Kg bw of Eruca sativa aqueous extract (ESAE), 2 toxic groups X1 and X2 were treated with xylene at two doses 400 and 800 mg / Kg bw and 2 combination groups REX1 and REX2 were treated with ESAE (350 mg/kg bw) c...

Thobela Louis Tyasi1* and Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra2

...e kept with extensive management system. The study was conducted on the experimental farm of the University of Limpopo, South Africa. Nine (9) body measurements include face width, face length, ear length, body length, rump height, withers height, sternum height, rump width and chest girth were performed in this study and taken from forty-nine (49) Nguni cows. Pearson’s correlation and PCA were utilized for analysis of data. The correlation results revea...
Muhammad Fiaz1, Muhammad Farooq Hussain Faisal1
Muhammad Imran Khan1*, Kashif Ishaq1, Tanveer Ahmad1 and Qazi Jamil Akbar2
...tial and economical roughage source to be used as roughage ingredient up to 30% in preparing total mixed diet that support higher growth rate and lower FCR for lambs.

...

Fei Shang and Pengfei Liu*

...s erythrinus among three age groups (Juveniles about 3-month old, yearlings, adults > 2 y) during autumn migration in central China. We found that body measurements changed with age, yearling males have shoretest wing length in three groups and similar to adult female, express female-like wing length and plumage coloration. Juveniles have relative longer wing to support their first migr...

Atena Azarniush1, Majid Moghbeli2*, Farshid Kafilzadeh1, Mohammad Kargar1 and Hooshang Jamali1

Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1, Herman W Raadsma2, Indriawati1, Slamet Diah Volkandari1 and Endang Tri Margawati1*
...tudy showed that the average of LS in sheep samples was 1.34±0.51 with h2 value of 0.04±0.06 (low). However, six Merino rams (43%) had positive of EBV value. Moreover, the data records of LS from each observed ram were sufficient for evaluation and signed by a moderate relative accuracy (RA) value ranged from 0.27 to 0.71. It can be concluded that selection of Merino rams can be performed based on LS using EBV. 

...

Xiaowei Huang1, Chao Ma1, He Lin1, Yuchen Wang1, Yan Xu1, Guangfu Lv2* and Zhe Lin1*

...serum and improve the damage of hippocampal structure, and increase the expression levels of GR, MR, BDNF, TrkB and CREB in hippocampus. In conclusion, Oviductus ranae can reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperfunction induced by CUMS, increase the expression level of BDNF related signal pathway proteins, improve hippocampal tissue damage, and thus play an antidepressant role by regulating the negative feedba...

Anwar ul Haq1, Maqsooda Parveen2, Shehzadi Saima3* and Khalid Masood Ahmad1*

...themum caused poor anchorage of roots that results in shipping losses of these pot plants. Optimum concentration of appropriate auxins is used to promote effective rooting. Completely randomized design (CRD) is adopted and it consisted of five treatments including control and different concentration of both auxins viz. 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (50 mg/L,100 mg/L) and Indole-3-acetic acid (100 mg/L, 200 mg/L) on tip cuttings of chrysanthemum. In this experiment...

Jihan Abd Wahab, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris* and Jasmin Arif Shah

...7.4 per cent, the percentage growth of this sector declined 2.2 per cent from 2.0 per cent in the previous year. The declination of the growth may be related with performance of extension agent during the pandemic due to 1st MCO regulations. In addition, the performance before MCO was high in 2019, hence, the aim of this study is to determine the skills and work performance of extension age

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

..., farmers struggle to manage the olive crop due to a lack of practical knowledge and training sessions on advanced production techniques. Keeping in view the above-mentioned facts, it was imminent to assess the awareness level and adoption of olive growers of the Pothwar region of Punjab so that they can contribute effectively to the uplift of agriculture as well as their livelihoods. Pothwar region comprises Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum, and Rawalpindi districts. ...

Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3

...ns and other economic damages. This research interrogated the effect of adoption of bio-security threats management practices on arable crop farmers’ food security status in South-West, Nigeria, using cross-sectional research design, with the dataset elicited from 403 farmers drawn through a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and pe...

Muhammad Kefayatullah* and Said Wahab

...ible coatings on the storage life of apricot fruit. The fruits were stored at 5±1°C with 85–90% relative humidity during the period of analysis. The data regarding various parameters were recorded at each 7days intervalup to 28 days of storage. The samples T1 (control), SA1 (1 % sodium alginate), SA2(2 % sodium alginate), MC1(1 % methyl cellulose), MC2(2 % methyl cellulose), P1(1 % pectin), P2(2 % pectin), B...

Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*

...rmination and seedling stage, an experiment was carried out from June to July 2021 at the Rice Molecular Breeding Laboratory of the Rice Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Ten elite coarse rice lines were subjected to varying degrees of drought stress as 0, 10, 15 and 20% through the application of Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). To carry out experimentation, carried out it following completely randomiz...

Abid Hussain1*, Hassnain Shah1, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2 and Tariq Sultan3

... for sustainable soil management and to improve crop productivity. These technologies include use of micronutrients for citrus fruits and their application for off-season vegetables, use of Biozote for wheat crop, and Pak Seeder technology for sowing wheat crop by zero-till method. Keeping this in view, economic viabilities of these technologies have been determined through marginal analysis. Unfortunately, Pak-seeder technology could not be demonstrated effec...

Lalu Ahmad Zaenuri*, Rodiah Rodiah, Adji Santoso Dradjat, Oscar Yanuarianto, I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa , Lukman Hy 

...h good libido and an average age and body weight of 2.7±0.35 years and 28.4±2.4 kg, respectively. All experimental bucks received a daily diet of native grass equal to 10% of body weight from day 1 to day 20. From days 21 to 35, they received a diet the same as days 1 to 20, in addition to SGtab. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina for 6 consecutive ejaculates at an interval of 120 h from each experi...

Roy Malindo1, Anuraga Jayanegara2, Osfar Sjofjan3, Siti Chuzaemi3*

...tter supply from both forage and concentrate and the average daily gain of Bali cattle at the breeding center in Pulukan, Jembrana Regency, Bali Province. This study used an analytical survey approach. Data collection consisted of interviews and observations based on a questionnaire. The observed forage land area was 96.5 ha, including cropland of 26.5 ha and pasture of 70 ha. A total of 7...

Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Kim Ngan Vo1, Chi Hieu Do1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Nguyen Khang Duong3, Quang Minh Luu4

...number up to 38 weeks of age was higher (P<0.05) in the group of ducks with CC/PstI genotype compared to CT/PstI or TT/PstI genotype (99.3 vs 93.1 or 91.7 eggs). The average egg weight did not significant difference among genotypes (72.3, 72.2 and 70.6g; P>0.05). From these results, the polymorphic site at PRL/PstI was identified, ducks bearing CC genotype possess earlier age at firs...

Sukandi Sukandi1,4, Djoni Prawira Rahardja2*, Herry Sonjaya2, Hasbi Hasbi2, Sudirman Baco2, Sri Gustina3, Kirana Dara Dinanti Adiputra1

...and four polled) with an age range of 2.5–4.5 years were used. Parameters observed were the body’s physiological response (rectal temperature, skin surface temperature, respiration rate, and pulse rate) and hematological profile (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocytes). Body physiological and hematological data were analyzed using factorial analysis to compare Bali cattle (horned and polled) and the time factor of measurement (morning...

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

... 380 sheep classified by age was used and body weight data and the following morphological measurements were recorded: Head length; Head width; Head depth; Ear length; Ear width; Neck length; Neck perimeter; Height at the withers; Longitudinal body diameter; Thoracic perimeter; Bicostal diameter; Sternal dorsal diameter; Rump width; Rump length; Height at the rump; Leg perimeter; Height at hock; Metacarpus perimeter and Metatarsus perimeter. Data were processe...

Bambang Hartoyo1*, Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo1,2, Wahyuningsih3, Sri Rahayu1, Fransisca Maria Suhartati1, Muhamad Bata1, Efka Aris Rimbawanto1

... performance such as average daily gain (50.28 g), average feed intake (93.57 g) and feed conversion ratio (1.91) of broilers in ameliorate condition of digestive tract by decreasing the amount of Escherichia coli. Due to pathogen bacteria decrease, the histologic structures of digestive tract encounter improvement through minimizing damage of villus. In conclusion, lactobacillus supplemen...

Sar Zamin Khan1*, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sagar M. Goyal2

...ic community and funding agencies can help protect the global poultry industry from this challenge.

...

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Adnan3, Sami Ullah3 and Nawab Khan4

...ed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS). The results showed that the technical competency of FAs remained in between low and high categories with mean values ranging from 2.45 to 3.80. Similarly, the technical competency of AOs was in between low and very high categories with mean values ranging from 2.88 to 4.07. The FAs were comparatively more competent in fertilizer application (mean 3.80), sowing (mean 3.76) and irrigation (mean 3.74). At ot...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...t are not applied in village and land price changes had loading in production risk factors. Government programs and inadequate extension services had loadings in institutional risk factors while financial risk factors were no financial support by input dealers and no capacity to provide inputs. Fluctuation in input prices and market competition in- or sells-off had loadings in market risk factor while factors of human risk had loadings on facing difficulties i...

Ahamed Mohamed Korayem, Moawad Mohamed Mohamed* and Mohamed and Mostafa Mohamed Attia Hamman

...based on the nematode damage (root-gall index) and the rate of nematode reproduction (Rf).

...

Nawfal Hammadi Jasim1, Yasmeen Jassim Mohammed2 , Jala Amir Salman Alahmed1, Majdy Faisal Majeed3* 

...oup 2 received daily dosages of methylphenidate in escalating amounts (5, 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg/day in a 5% of sucrose solution), as well as Group 3 as control animals ( 5% glucose solution). Group 1 resembled the therapeutic doses administered to humans, while Group 2 simulated the wrong use of some of the human addicts. 30 days after the last Ritalin dose administration, the rats were all sacrificed, and blood and liver tissues were collected for biochemical ...

Muhammad Mukhtar1*, Lely Ummi Wakhidah2,Mohammad Zubair Hippy3 

...alyze the regional advantages in beef cattle development in Gorontalo and beef cattle development strategies in Gorontalo. This study is a quantitative study. Sources of data in this study were secondary data in the form of data from the Central Bureau of Statistic and primary data from distributing questionnaires to parties related to the development of beef cattle. The data analysis techniques used are Location Question (LQ) analysis, LQ Shift Share, Analyti...

Indira Jurinskaya1*, Tynyshtyk Kenzhebaeva2, Kairat Iskakov3, Bekzat Niyazbekov1 

...ups, taking into account age and live weight. Animals downy breed were more than 2.5 times higher than the animals of the local Kazakh coarse-haired breed in terms of down output. Crossbred animals obtained by crossing animals of the Gorno-Altai downy and Kazakh coarse-haired breeds occupied an intermediate position between the original breeds in terms of most down indicators. For 5 days, the goats of the experimental groups underwent intramuscular injection o...

Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1* 

...e effects of a bacteriophage cocktail on growth performance, intestinal morphology, E coli detection, cecal bacterial composition, and the incidence of diarrhea in nursery pigs for 6 weeks. A total of 800 pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) were randomly allocated to two treatments: a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of amoxicillin and colistin (Amox-Co) and a basal diet supplemented with amoxicillin and 1 g/kg of a bacterioph

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

...he Vibrio genus. The average concentrations of Vibrio spp. in brood, brood’s tank water, eggs, larvae, larval tank water, and larval feed were log10 3.86±0.61 cfu g-1, log10 3.63±0.57 cfu mL-1, log10 2.73±0.13 cfu g-1, log10 2.86±0.21 cfu g-1, log10 2.93±0.25 cfu mL-1 and log10 3.23±0.37 cfu mL-1 respectively. The highest concentration of Aeromonas spp. (log10 3.62±0.24 cfu g-1) and Pseudomonas spp. (log10...

Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga 

...rabbits (41.7%). The average mortality rate recorded in these farms was 11.7%. Biosecurity Index Score ranged from 44-66% (mean 53.83 ±4.23). There was low adoption of biosecurity between the farm’s boundary and the poultry houses. The study concludes that in the Pwani region biosecurity was moderately applied, which shows that farmers in this region are aware of the need to exercise biosecurity measures to prevent disease outbreaks. Some challeng...

Javeria Khourshid*, Ghulam Abbas, Shahnaz Rashid, Asma Fatima* and Abdul Malik

... used for fish health management, improve water quality and high survival ratio, research was conducted for 60 days in seawater cemented cisterns at CEMB, University of Karachi. Two commercially important fish species (Orechromis niloticus and Acanthopagrus berda) were used for this study and kept in two different treatment tanks with their replicates (n=10 each) designated as T1= OxyAqua and T2= simple aeration. Juveniles were fed on supplementary pelleted di...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan and  Muhammad Salim

...table’s immature stage survival and female fecundity rate revealed that the stage of eggs had the greatest death rate, at 12%, followed by pre pupal stage. The lowest mortality was observed in 2nd instar stage. Sx was determined to be maximal during the second instar stage and minimal at the pre-pupal st

Muhammad Zeeshan Siddiqui1, Mujahid Ali2*, Shoaib ur Rehman3, Shahid Iqbal4, Malik Abdur Rehman5, Hafiz M. Tayyab Khan4, Muhammad Ali6, Muhammad Azher Nawaz4 and Saqib Ayyub1

... leads to chlorophyll damage in Round gold (58.44 SPAD index) and ‘Green ball’ (50.55 SPAD index) accordingly. On an overall basis, ‘Round gold’ (12.1 µg g-1) had maximum followed by Indian desi (11.7 µg g-1) at the highest level of salinity (8 dS/m-1) with respect to control (6.9 µg g-1). It was revealed that the lowest ionic sodium concentration was observed in the Green ball (6.3 µg g-1). Considering the resul...

Asim Zubair1*, Ayesha Aziz2, Ghulam Akbar Malik3, Iffat Batool4 and Zohaib Atta Mehdie5

...dertake a greater percentage of the labour in the agricultural sector. This paper emphasizes ‘The Roles and Responsibilities of Women to Agriculture. In the agricultural sector, rural women from all over the world contribute significantly to both the growth and stability of rural regions as well as to agricultural production. Rural men and women both contribute significantly to the agriculture business, including cottage

Ahmad Shahzaib1*, Tabish Raza2 and Aisha Areej2

...OVID-19 treatment and management protocols. 

...

Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6

...as more prevalent in the age group 26-35 years (3.92%) and among the females (83%) than their counterpart males (17%). Co-infection was found only among the married (2.43%). A higher prevalence (1.89%) was found in patients from monogamous families (2.41%) and in patients residing in rural areas compared to urban dwellers (1.65%). Occupation-specific prevalence showed that farmers had the highest prevalence (2.56%) followed by those who identified as traders (...

Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui1*, Sharmin Akter2 and Mohd. Riajul Islam2 

... knowledge about farm management, did not follow the registered veterinarian suggestions and attained any training. They are totally unaware about antibiotics resistance and its impact on public health. No monitoring or surveillance concerning ABR and haphazard and misuse of antibiotics from any government and non-government organization were observed during the study period. It is concluded that, misuse and haphazard use of antibiotics is the normal feature a...

Budi Guntoro1*, Agung Triatmojo1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Nguyen Hoang Qui1 

...terviews using a multi-stage random sample method and quota sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse primary data from the survey. Farmers were chosen by the criteria of who are staying and raising beef cattle in Yogyakarta. The results showed that farmers had a high experience and more than 50 years old, they worked as a farmer at the farm with low income from cattle production (less than 100$). Farmers had more than 8 years of education and rais...

Winda Sartika1*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Lilik Eka Radiati2 

...ting and supply chain management approaches. Research using the survey method, snowball sampling in the rendang industry with raw beef, and purposive and accidental sampling on the supply chain institutions involved in rendang production. The research respondents comprised 61 respondents from the rendang industry, including suppliers of raw materials, distributors, and consumers of rendang with qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis. The result...

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Summer, Ali Haidar Gormani, Saira Nawaz and Ayesha Muzamil

...edema was induced by carrageenan injection while formalin was injected to mice paw for induction of pain. These extracts significantly decreased edema in mice paw. The level of TLC and RBCs was increased to normal. Platelets level was also increased in mice treated with mulberry leaves extracts. Furthermore, these extracts significantly reduced the inflammatory pain and licking response triggered by injection of formalin in mice paw. These findings showed that...

Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3

... handling, disposal, storage and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) during operation leads to health problems of human, increase resistance against pests with negative effects on the environment. The purpose of this survey was to check the knowledge about pesticide uses, risks and storage among farmers in Lahore division of Punjab, Pakistan. And, to get knowledge from farmers regarding local knowledge system (LKS) and Integ...

Tasew Getu1*, Wassu Mohammed2, Awol Seid3, Tesfamariam Mekete4 and Bekele Kassa

...heir interactions for management of the MI and RS disease complex under field conditions. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The findings indicated that the treatments and their interactions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the development of MI, RS, and impacted potato yield. The cultivar Gudenie had the lowest mean value (2.2) of MI reproduction factor with drip irrigation amended with VC. Belete registered ...
Muhammad Zahid Rashid1, Amina1*, Hafiz Wasif Javaad2, Muhammad Asim Rashid3 and Amina Rashid3
...mination/survival percentage, number of fronds, number of seeds survived, plant height, leaf area, suckers evolved and other parameters were noted for better yield and quality of date palm for purpose of chance seedlings development. This research experiment was arranged at Progeny orchard of Horticultural Research Institute, Faisalabad during the year 2019-2021.The research was designed according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with eighteen trea...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Ahmad ur Rahman Saljoqi1, Shah Alam Khan1, Javed Khan3 and Muhammad Azim Khan2

...ne crop. For the safe management of P. perpusilla, field experiments were conducted to find the population of Pyrilla perpusilla on 12 different sugarcane varieties under field conditions at two different districts Charsadda and district Dera Ismail Khan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Plot size 36×16 m (length × width) was selected in both localities for the cultivation of sugarcane varieties (CP77/400, Jhang 59, 2086, US-633, YT-55, CPF-252, CPF-246, CPF-...

Asmaa A. Darwish*, Adel M. El-Kattan, Mona A. Mahmoud, Mohamed T. Ragab, Amani A. Hafez 

...with nearly equal percentages in sheep (13.60%), and goat (13.33%). B. melitensis isolates had bvfA gene, virB gene, and ure gene with percentages of 62.8%, 77%, and 37% respectively. B. melitensis infection in sheep and goat resulted in a significant (P˂0.05) increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins (APPs), free radicals, cortisol, growth hormone, and TSH concentrations and a significant (P˂0.05) d...

Sigit Bintara1*, Riyan Nugroho Aji1, Panjono2, Ali Agus3

...an-Blue-Crossbreed-bulls aged four years old were kept in a mooring cage and served with forage and concentrate (CP 16%) at 10% and 3% to the body weight, respectively. There were also added some egg yolk citrate diluent of 2.9% (v/v), Sodium citrate dihydrate buffer, 100 mL of distilled water, and an egg yolk mixture to a proportion of 20% egg yolk 8% (v/v) glycerol (Merck, Germany), peni...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil

...l numbers in 40 battery cages (10 birds per cage). Every ten cages were placed in a room to arrange four experimental room groups identified as C, EC, PR, and PR+EC groups, respectively. From 22-42 d of age, the C and EC groups have received a basal diet with no PR supplements, whereas the PR and PR+EC groups have received PR at 1 g/kg of the basal diet....

Fakhra Nazir1*, Sahar Fazal1 and Fakhar-i-Abbas2

...oftware with overall average distance of 0.141 calculated at 1000 bootstrap repetitions. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed by neighbour joining method discriminated all species into two distinct clades initially and then into subclades based on similarity and variations in their sequences. Species of the same genera were grouped into one clade as genus Corvus. DNA barcoding was proved to be an effective tool for species molecular identification and their phyloge...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1*, Asim Faraz2, Abdul Waheed2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh4, Michela Pugliese5 and Shahid Nazir6
...ver, milk protein percentage was the highest (3.42% and 3.41%) in buffaloes fed diets containing 35 and 25 g/d methionine followed by (3.26% and 3.17%) those fed 15 g of methionine and control diets, respectively. Milk protein percentage was found to be sensitive to methionine supplementation, because increase in milk protein percentage was observed just after first week of supplementation...

Navjot Hothi 

..., however, lower and averages around 4.94% in the top ten most affected states of India. Rajasthan is the state with the highest morbidity, as this state has the highest cattle population in the world. The state of Punjab had the highest mortality rate of 10.15%. The affected states have run several vaccination drives, but 100% vaccination has not been achieved yet. The disease has subsided in the autumn and winter months, leading to callousness amongst farmer...

Md Tariqul Islam1,5 *, Aditya Chowdhury Avi1,5, Md Saiful Bari2,5, Most Rebeka Sultana Swapna Khandoker3, Homaira Pervin Heema4, Goutam Buddha Das1 

...potato meals, the percentage of fat was also lower, which could be advantageous for health. It was concluded that the substitution of maize with potato meals in the diets of broilers may be up to 40% without causing any deleterious effects. It’s feasible to deliberate that the findings of this study will have a practicable impact in countries that are deficient in maize production but have surplus potato production. &n...

Hamdi Mayulu1*, Endang Sawitri2

... the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the concentrations of flavonoids, tannins, and total phenolics were 51.325±1.47 mgQE/g, 553.165±34.18 mg tannic acid/g, and 339.875±18.86 mg GAE/g respectively, while the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 58.5 µg/mL at 21 days of incubation (T3). This indicated that black garlic has broad potential to become a natural feed additive suitable for livest...

Khalil1*, Dwi Ananta1, Andri Bachtiar2, Hermon3

...hysical and microbial damage during storage. The present research aimed to find a practical bulk storage method to maintain the palatable component, moisture, nutrient content, and nutritional value of rice straw supplemented with 1% calcite-based mineral mixture, 0.6% molasses, and 0.05% urea. The supplemented straws were stored for 60 days in three bulk treatments: loose stacking, open-t...

Zahra Abdulameer Al-Zayadi1, Hana Kadum Shanan1, Al Salihi Karima Akool2

...reatment dose. Severe damage comprising necrosis of the hepatic cells, renal tubules, congestion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells was seen in the chemotherapy-treated group and mice suffering from cancer without treatment. This study also revealed variations in serum liver enzyme values between treatment groups. The values of ALT, AST, and ALP (U/L) evaluation in control groups were ˃ 29.01±1.8, 87.55±2.9 and ˃ 98.12±8.8, respecti...

Chang-Man Kim1, Sam-Churl Kim2 , Young-Ho Joo2, In-Hag Choi3*

...or facilities during storage. A total of 360 crossbred fattening pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc]) with an average body weight of 60.5 ± 1.21 kg, were randomly divided into nine-floor pens (40 pigs/pen) in a single facility for a month. Aluminum chloride was added weekly to pig slurry pits (3.5×9.0×1.5 m) at 0, 0.05, and 0.1% AlCl3 on a volumetric basis determined by the estimated final ma...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Raza Ali Mangi3, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptan4, Sana Noor5, Zainab Lanjar6, Hubdar Ali Kolachi7 Abdul Wahid Solangi1 and Sheva Dari1

...months, and 12 months of ageData was collected over a three-year period (2018-2020) and analyzed using the standard procedure of analysis of variance. The results showed that the average birth weight of both Rakhshani and Harnai breeds was 3.17 ± 0.61 and 2.91 ± 0.51, respectively. The average weaning weight was also higher for Rakhshani than Harnai, with 15.21 ± 2.43 ...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1

...equences of these biotic agents range from minor symptoms to catastrophic events that destroy whole fields. Plant protection units are needed to tackle these challenges to prevent future outbreaks. Herein, we describe significant diseases and pests that are catastrophic to GB’s crops in the future. In addition, this review shows how diseases and pests impact the yields of GB’s crops.

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Mohamed Adam1*, Hassan Sobhy2, Mohamed Abouzid3, Dalia Elhafny4 and El-Desouki Ibrahim5

...icides: Taglis 90% w/w (Tagetes sp. 80% andAlgaesea 10%) and bioniconemal (Pacilomyceslilacinus 2× 106cfu/ gm) was assessed to control the root- knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on grape, in comparison with chemical nematicides: Nemacab (ethoprophos 20% Ec), Dento (fenamiphos 40% Ec) and Vaydate (oxamyl 24% Ec) during two successive seasons (2016 and 2017) under field conditions. Drenching of soil with a suspension of all tested products significantly...

Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*

... including edema, hemorrhages, atrophy of hepatocyte and hepatocyte having eccentric nuclei. In the brain, different histological alterations like necrosis and degeneration of neurons, and microgliosis were seen, whereas the heart of treated fish showed hemorrhages, edema, and neutrophilic myocarditis. In conclusion, Pymetrozine appears to have harmful effects on blood biochemistry and histological alterations in several tis...

Imtiaz Kashani and Sher Khan Panhwar*

... highest variance percentage was the most correlated among the groups defined by total length, girth, 2nd dorsal fin, pectoral fin rays, eye dia, snout to extended gill cover and head length parameters. PC-II accounted for 13.9% of the variance that are more correlated with standard length, snout to eye tip, eye tip to first dorsal fin, base of 1st dorsal fin, last fin ray to tip of caudal, anal fin ray to pelvic fin ray, chin to snout and pelvic fin to pector...

Ruobing Han, Shanshan Gui, Xunwu Zhao and Heping Li*

...re detected, and the average number of alleles at each locus was 6.7. There was high genetic diversity but severe inbreeding in the white-red deer population, and there is no father-mother-offspring relationship or father-offspring relationship in white-red deer population. Our study provides the essential data support and reference for the conservation and sustainable development of the domestic white-red deer population in China.

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Guo-Hai Wang1,2,3, Chuang-Bin Tang1, Yuan-Xin Yang1, Yan-Ling Huang1, Wei-Ning Tan4, Qi-Hai Zhou3* and Chang-Hu Lu2*
...tments (leaf litter coverage and control) to clarify the effect of leaf litter coverage on seed survival. The average seed survival rate with leaf litter covering was substantially higher than that of the control (29.36±6.54% vs. 17.07±5.57%), as was seed survival time (9.38±0.74 d vs. 4.96±0.60 d). The average seed survival r...

Ibrahim Elmaghraby*, Abdel-Baset I. El-Mashad, Shawky A. Moustafa, Aziza A. Amin 

...ta on the animal’s age, location, and gross tumor lesions were documented, and positive ovaries were collected for further histological and immunohistochemical examination.Results: Interestingly, our results diagnosed 15 cases of sex cord-stromal tumors (8.30 %) in the ovary of dromedary camels included; adult granulosa cell tumor (0.55 %), interstitial cell tumor (0.55 %), thecoma or fibrothecoma (1.10 %), steroid cell tumor-NOS (0.55 %), and granulosa-...

Saba Yasin, Kausar Imran, Komal Mukhtar, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi*

...ere hepatic and renal damages.

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Ikram Ullah1, Zaib Ullah2*, Junaid Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Zafar Iqbal3 and Naveed Akhtar2

... were filled from 32 villages of both valleys. Agriculture crops destruction was documented as a common conflict issue (92%), followed by livestock predation (90%), and human casualties (85%). Maiz was frequently raided crop (50%) followed by fruits and vegetables (27.1%, 22.6%). Goats were the most (47.61%) predated animals, followed by sheep and cattle (37.14%, 12.38%). Human casualties were rare and mostly accidental, while victims often experienced deep in...

Amr N. El-Shahat1*, A.M. Abdul Azeem1 and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

Sarwat Yousuf1, Shaista Emad2 , Mohammad Misbah ur Rehman3, Zehra Batool4, Sara Qadeer5, Yousra Sarfaraz1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sana Sadaf6 and Tahira Perveen1,*

...lants has been known for ages and the ability to divulge their biological activity is an area of great interest. Citrus lemon is traditionally used as an antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. This study intended to determine the potential role of lemon peel oil in neurobehavioral function and oxidative stress. Rats were treated with lemon peel oil at a dose of 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.7, 3.5 g/kg for 14 days. Resul...

Yufang Liu1,2, Guiling Cao3, Yujing Xie3 and Mingxing Chu1*

...ts at different growth stages from two breeds (Jining Grey (JG) goats and Liaoning Cashmere (LC) goats) were divided into three groups with three replicates (juvenile stage (JG 30d vs. LC 30d, AO group), puberty (JG 90d vs. LC 180d, BO group) and the same age control of puberty (JG 90d vs. LC 90d, EO group). Ovary tissues were taken from goats on 30 days, 90 days and 180 days, total RNA wa...

Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Muhammad Jawad1 and Syed Attaullah Shah2

...lected through a multi stage stratified random sampling technique from three irrigation sections in District Malakand, District Charsadda, and District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). This study revealed that majority of the respondents did not attend formal school, cultivated 5–12.5 acres arable land (small farmers), and had moderate monthly family incomes (PRS 21000–50000). However, the respondents had the least information regarding revision of...

Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1

...For the treatment and management of infectious pathogens, many antimicrobial and antifungal substances were previously found from synthetic and natural sources. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the compounds coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, essential oils, lectin, polypeptides, and polyacetylenes are present in medicinal plants. These bioactive chemicals serve as a foundation for the creation of antibiotics that a...

Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*

...for study within six villages; Kiridhand, Jangerizi Banda, Yaghi Musakan, Hassan Banda, Takht Nasrati and Garang. Data were collected through questionnaires, while secondary data was from different climate and weather reports. Binary Logistic model was used for analysis. The study discovered lack of surface water resources and ground water extraction satisfied the community needs and rainfall was only recharge method. Boreholes pumping technique was used mostl...

Monis Hussain Shah1*, Riaz Ur Rehman2, Riaz Ali Shah1, Farwa Batool3, Rizwan Rafique4, Muhammad Usman5, Sajida Bibi6, Sadia Yasin7 and Samida Qamar8

... bulb germination percentage, leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), scape length (cm), flower size (mm), primary color of the flower, secondary color of flower, no. of large, medium and small size of bulbs and number of bulbs harvested. The bulbs were harvested and stored at 5±2oC (In Refrigerator). The morphological attributes of plants were observed better in cv. Antarctica and Oxford. The research was repeated during the subsequent years. The variable r...

Skenndri Safae1*, Charrat Nadia2, Jmiai Mehdi3, Nassik Saadia1 

... high biosecurity and management are not the sole factors influencing animal health and farm production. Other factors, such as breeder efficiency, worker experience, and chick and feed quality, must also be considered. 

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Fadzlin Afiqah A. Samad2, Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1, Muhamad Affan Ab Azid1, Hafizin Mu’izz Zalazilah1, Syakirah Zulkifli1, Izreen Edriana Mohd Jasmi1, Muhammad Baqir Irfani Rahimin Affandi1, Mohd Zamri Saad1, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Agung Irawan3,7, Adib Norma Respati4, Anuraga Jayanegara5,7, Sadarman Sadarman6,7, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,2,7*. 

... relationship between forage to concentrate (FC) ratio, nutrient constituent, and nutrient intake on milk production and milk component in dairy buffalo. A dataset comprised of 89 comparisons from multi-species of buffaloes were analyzed according to a linear mixed model methodology with explanatory variables declared as fixed effects and individual study as random effects. The results showed a negative curvilinear pattern of milk yield across buffaloes’...

Yaman Saad Fadhil

...till the last day of storage at 4oC. The sensory study revealed that odour alterations in samples that contain propolis extract were much better in treated samples compared with the control treatment. This study concludes that propolis water extract has potential application as a food ingredient in poultry meat.

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Chairdin Dwi Nugraha1, Rafika Febriani Putri1, Ari Ardiantoro2, Wike Andre Septian1, Ahmad Furqon3, Kuswati Kuswati1, Nashi Widodo4, Suyadi Suyadi1* 

...ty of spermatozoa. Bulls aged 3–4 years used in this research. This research used an experimental method to examine the effect of genistein levels in the diluent on the characteristics of spermatozoa during pre-freezing at 4–5 0C and post-thawing (PT). The data obtained in the form of quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and analysis of variance patterns in One-Way ANOVA. 0 µM, 10 µM, 30 µM and 50 µM genistein treat...

Dina A. Yousif, Mohamed M.T. Emara, Marwa R.S. Abdallah*  

...prove the quality of old-aged mutton and facilitate its use in further processed meat products without color or flavor problems. 

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Eliseo Pelagio Fernández Ruelas1, Ali William Canaza-Cayo2,3*, Francisco Halley Rodriguez Huanca1, Uri Harold Perez Guerra1, Roxana Churata-Huacani3, Tales Jesus Fernandes3, Ysabel Mendoza Aguilar1 

...e (P>0.05) in the average egg weight/week and egg yolk weight. The egg production and laying percentage were also improved at MOL2.5. In conclusion the addition of 2.5% MOL in diets, increased all productive parameters and some egg quality characteristics, in Hy Line Brown laying hens. 

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Antonius Agung Wiono1, Maria Elizabeth Nana Wijayanti1, Dhika Yonika Primacitra1, Trioso Purnawarman2, Andriyanto3, Aulia Andi Mustika3, Amaq Fadholly3* 

...e radicals, which can damage cells and disturb the hormonal system directly affect livestock productivity. This research expected the effect of PhytoceeTM on mitigating the risk induced by heat stress and its productivity of broiler chicken.Materials and Methods:Broiler chicken were divided to six groups (normal control, negative control, heat stress treated vitamin C 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton, heat stress treated PhytoceeTM 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton). Its produc...

You-Ming Teng, Wen-Zhou Liu and Li Yang*

...rtension were given a gavage of pioglitazone 5–10 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Our crew determined systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Heart mass index (HMI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), myocardial cell diameter (MCD) and surface area (SA) were further estimated. We members determined FFA and Ang II levels. HE and Masson staining were estimated histopathological changes. The protein and mRNA expression of PPAR-α, CPT-1 a...

Saqib Mehmood1, Bushra Allah Rakha1*, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Ali Akhter1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Tariq Mahmood1

...dent density and crop damage were assessed in treated and reference sites each of about 2.5 ha. Four rodent species was investigated in following order of dominance: Bandicota bengalensis > Nesokia indica >Tatera indica > Golunda ellioti. Maximum (P<0.05) rodent density was found in reference sites (2.03 ± 0.04 ha-1) as compared to treated sites (1.18 ± 0.05 ha-1). However, at each study sites, maximum activity (P <0.05) of rodents...

Luigi Liotta1, Vincenzo Lopreiato1, Fariborz Asroosh2 and Alireza Seidavi2*

... they can be properly managed.

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Daud Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Saeed2, Muhammad Tahir3, Alam Zeb4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5*
...FCR) and dressing percentage were significantly (P<0.05) higher in infected +SN100 compared to positive control. Fecal E. coli count was similar in infected + SN100 and infected + SN150. The pH in gizzard and small intestine was similar (p>0.05) in infected + SN100 and infected + enrofloxacin, however, it was significantly (p<0.01) different from infected + SN150. Villus height, crypt depth, goblet cells and epithelial thickness were significantly (p&...

Xiaoyan Yang1* and Xiuli Xu2

...at attacks the nasal passages, including the throat and lungs. Influenza-like virus in adults is partly due to changes in the body’s defense system. The present study was performed to evaluate influenza-like virus effects in adults. This case-control study was performed on 50 patients admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine during the autumn and winter seasons with myocardial infarction and 50 patient...
Mahroze Fatima1*, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Muhammad Afzal3, Muhammad Bilal4 and Ayesha Khizar1
...n E fed fish. The percentages of 18:3n-6 (linolenic acid), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid), 22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic acid), 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid), total n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were found higher in diets enriched with vitamin E than in the control group. To conclude, dietary supplementation with vitamin E has been shown to improve the growth and antioxidant status of fish. Nevertheless, high doses of vitamin E showed the pro-oxidative...

Dalia M. Amin1*, Noha Mohammed Halloull1, Walaa E. Omar2, Basma A. Ibrahim2, Nahla M. Ibrahim1 

...rom progressing to end-stage renal failure. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how erlotinib and garcinia cambogia alleviate the harmful effects of adenine on the rat’s kidneys. Methods: Forty animals were divided into four groups: Control group: received normal vehicle, adenine group: received orally (50 mg/kg/day) that is subdivided into 3 groups: adenine group, garcinia cambogia (GC) group: received orally GC (200 mg/kg/day)+ade...

Siswanto Imam Santoso*, Agus Setiadi, Wahyu Dyah Prastiwi 

...rmers, social variables, age, education, medicinal seeds, feed, dried-cooked rice, trash fish, processing, business pattern, marketing, technology, and production; the endogenous variable was sustainability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using TETRAD-IV software was employed to establish the analytical model. The results show that duck farming is sustainable regarding social, economic, and environmental aspects. Medical and technological factors significa...

Aneela Ahmed Tagar1*, Mahvish J. Channa2, Kanwal Ahmed Tagar3 and Kaka Kainat4

...rity of patients were in age group 37-47 years, male and were married. Moreover, the majority belonged to the medical field. The greater number of the patients were physically active. Only 18.5 % of patients reported co-morbidities such as diabetes in 12.3% with one exceptional case in which Diabetes developed after the occurrence of COVID-19 .The majority of the patients were symptomatic categorized as mild, moderate and severe. Consequently, the Isolation pe...

Muhammad Salman Ikram1, Tahir Mehmood1,2*, Sehrish Firyal3, Huma Sattar4, Shagufta Saeed3, Fareeha Nadeem3 and Muhammad Imran Mahmood Khan5

...on, role of paternal lineages identification which helps to determine the mutation rate of Y-STR and its relationship with paternal lineages determination. When familial searching is coupled with genealogy inquiry, the review article will help us comprehend the combined use of Y-chromosome information and family information and understand the cases on the basis of specific forensic instances.

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Abdulaziz A. Alaqil*

...ks (40–48 weeks of age), two groups of the layers were given a basal diet as control, while the remaining two groups were given a basal diet enhanced with a 2 g/kg diet of LA bacteria. At 47 wk of age, layers in one of the control or LA groups received an intravenous injection for 7 consecutive days with 0.5 ml of sterile saline contained LPS at 8 mg per kg of layer body weight, whereas the layers in the other one...

Samin Ullah1, Huma Rizwana1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Anees ur Rahman1, Naseeb Ullah1 and Shafiq ur Rahman Shah1

... higher body weight, average daily weight gain, and total weight gain than groups A and B. Additionally, the total feed intake, average daily feed intake, total serum protein, and serum antibody IgG levels of group C were also higher than those of groups B and A. The study also found that two calves in group A, one calf in group B, and one calf in group C had health issues such as diarrhea and pneumonia. The findings suggest...

Desi Kurniati Agustina1,3, Suyadi Suyadi2*, Veronica Margaretha Ani Nugiartiningsih2, Kuswati Kuswati2 

...eds of different sex and age. The results are expected to provide a better understanding of the condition of livestock raised by the community. Blood samples were obtained from 60 heads of Madura and Limura (Limousine x Madura) cattle, which were differentiated by sex and age. Blood samples were collected into tubes and immediately stored in a cold box at approximately 4°C. Data analysis was conducted at the Veterinary C...

Isatay Tusupovich Jakupov, Gulzhan Tursunovna Yeszhanova, Gulnur Kurbanalievna Mamytbekova* 

...is study is to obtain dosage forms from plant raw materials Calligonum leucocladum, to study their pharmacotherapeutic activity and use for the treatment of endometritis in cows. A total of 270 cows were examined by clinical methods after calving, of which 45 cows showed signs of acute endometritis. Subsequently, the bacterial background of uterine mucus in sick cows was investigated and St. pyogenes, E. faecalis, and E. coli were isolated. For the complex tre...

Roy Malindo1, Hosea Abdiel Duto Wicaksono2, Maskur2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Osfar Sjofjan4, Siti Chuzaemi4* 

...., cattle population, forage production, and concentrate supplementation. The model predicted that the level of feed supply would increase as forage production was increased the cattle population was reduced and although concentrate supplementation was decreased. The simulations of three scenarios revealed that a combination of scenarios across the cattle-forage-concentrate nexus appears t...

Abdullah*, Imtiaz Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim and Muhammad Fawad

...trong integrated weed management plan for the chickpea crop in District Karak.

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Shujaullah Khan1, Zahid Hussain1*, Haroon Khan1 and Omer Suha Uslu2

...ronment friendly weed management strategy in wheat crop in the long run. In order to assess the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on wheat crop in comparison with certain synthetic herbicides, a field experiment was designed in the Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, in the wheat growing season of 2020-21. A Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) was used for the layout of the experiment, keeping four replications. The experiment consisted of...

Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1*, Ly Thi Thu Lan1, Nguyen Thuy Linh1, Chau Cong Dang1, Nguyen Hoang Phuc1, Tran Dinh Tuan1, Nguyen Trong Ngu2 

...e effects of a bacteriophage cocktail (BC) against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in native broiler chickens. Totally, 320 native chicks were divided into two experiments using a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replicates of 10 chicks per experiment. In both experiments, BC was used at a dose of 109 PFU/mL, and SE was used at 108,2 CFU/mL. In the protective experiment, 1-day-old chicks were arranged in CD) control diet; BC+S) CD + 1 ...

M.A.M.M. Shehab-El-Deen1,2*, S.A. Al-Dobaib1 and K.A. Al-Sobayil1

...eight days. Blastocyst stages from each treatment group were assessed and evaluated for their quality by determining the ACR by means of TUNEL staining. The presence of palmitic or stearic acid at high concentrations during oocyte maturation increased ACR, whereas oleic acid had no significant effects. The results of the present study concluded that compromised oocyte microenvironment by metabolic stressor such as high NEFAs concentrations which is the situati...

Beenish Shahid1* and Muhammad Ijaz Khan2

...ed to the metaphase II stage, and a lower proportion of the oocytes became degenerated (P<0.0001) after 24 h of incubation. The supplementation of medium with E2+rhFSH+hCG or E2+rhFSH+hCG+insulin also showed a significant increase in the meiotic maturation rate after 24 h (P<0.01 and P=0.04 respectively) and a significant decrease in the degeneration of the oocytes (P=0.001). The addition of insulin was not found to be effective for in vitro maturation. ...

Shazia Rasheed1,*, Ehsan Ullah Mengal1, Robina Manzoor2 and Azra Bano1

...b of 138 mm SCW. The average fecundity was 523,773 ± 279,204. The GSI values of male crab ranged from 0.70 to 6.20 having a mean of 3.80 ± 1.08 (Mean ± SD). In case of female, GSI values of samples ranged from 0.71 to 13.33% having a mean of 5.46 ± 3.25 (Mean ± SD).

...

Fuji Astuty Auza1*, Sri Purwanti2, Jasmal A. Syamsu2, Asmuddin Natsir2, Rusli Badaruddin1, Deki Zulkarnain1, La Ode Muh. Munadi1 

...ent digestibility of village chicken. A total of 140 one-day-old chicks (DOC) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments in a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment. The treatments included P0 = 0% BSF larvae flour, P1 = 25% (3.74% BSF larvae flour), P2 = 50% (7.51% BSF larvae flour), P3 = 75% (11.26% BSF larvae flour), P4 = 100% (15% BSF larvae flour). The results showed that replacing fish flour with BSF larvae flour as a prot...

Rizki Palupi*, Arfan Abrar, Fitri Nova Liya Lubis, Yuni Kurniati, Bianca Ikriza Octa Nadia Putri 

...ere placed in 25 postal cage units. The feed used was commercial broiler chicken feed: a mixture of concentrate, corn, rice bran and fishmeal, and CCI according to the treatment. The observed variables were nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber), hematological status and blood malondialdehyde levels in blood of broiler chickens. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and further tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of this ...

Luh Gde Sri Surya Heryani1*, Ni Luh Eka Setiasih1, Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari1, I Made Merdana1, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Tri Laksana2, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan2 

...ively reared in Musi Village, Gerogak District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The measurement data were analyzed using PCA to reduce and interpret the measured variables. The results showed that the average hip height and width, rump length, body length, shoulder height, chest width and depth, head width and length were 55.68cm, 17.53cm, 10.62cm, 67.40cm, 54.92cm, 17.81cm, 41.24cm, 10.63cm, and 26.26cm, respect...

Komal Javed1, Sohaib Muhammad1*, Zarghaam Khan1, Sehar Fatima1, Hassan Nawaz1, Mahrukh1, Tahira Khalid1 and Shariat Ullah2

...were taken from each village i.e., twenty quadrats from each selected site. The data was gathered after every fifteen days during the course of crop. For the determination of Importance Value Index (IVI) percentage frequency, density and percentage cover were determined. A total of 19 families were present in all three crops. Fumaria indica of Family Papaveraceae had the highest IVI value ...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2*, Mahreen ul Hassan3, Saiqa Andleeb1

...mia. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics was used to analyse the data. Approximately 75% of the participants (n = 1677) had heard of thalassemia. Around 48% of the people interviewed were unaware that one might be a thalassemia carrier. Only 5.3% of the participants strongly agreed that necessary tests should be run before and after birth to screen a β-thalassemia minor/carrier baby. Thalassemia carriers should not get married an...

Saqib Ali Rustam1, Shoaib Sultan Afridi2, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Shakeeb Ullah1, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Faiqah Ramzan1, Arsalan Khan3, Israr ud Din3, Wasimullah3, Hafiz Ahmad Raza4

...were done on 12 lambs of age under 24-30 weeks and also have weight about 30 ±1.5kg. Lambs were grouped as A, B, C and D and each group contained 3 lambs. Groups were fed by four rations as ration containing 4% urea, 2% urea treatment, only sugar beet pulp, and control ration, respectively. After adaptation period of 10 days, the experimental period continued for 35 days. On daily basis, the average intake of feed and...

Salman Ahmad1*, Muhammad Asim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, Muhammad Atiq3, Yasir Ali4, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad5, Malik Abdul Rehman6 and Naeem Akhtar7

...Punjab by the in time management of its vector.  
 
Novelty Statement | The epidemiology of D. citri and yield losses caused by CG have been studied first time in citrus belt of Punjab, Pakistan, during this research.
...

Abiyu Tadele 1,2*, Gebreyohannes Berhane2, Wondmeneh Esatu3

... kept under intensive management for 20 weeks. The Tetra H genotype had significantly greater (p < 0.05) body weight, feed consumption, hen-housed egg production, egg mass, and a lower (better) feed conversion ratio than the other genotypes. Similarly, the naked-neck chicken genotype outperformed the normal-feathered chicken in terms of age at first egg, body weight, egg number per bird, hen-housed egg output, and egg mas...

Chitra Kumalasari1,2, Lovita Adriani2*, Indrawati Yudha Asmara3, Nazri Nayan4 

...y obtained food. The average laying hens produce 240 – 260 eggs/bird/year. However, at the age of 80 weeks laying hens must be culled because their productivity has decreased below 50%. Many efforts have been made to extend the egg production cycle so that production increases before laying hens are culled. Probiotics supplementation is one method of increasing productivity in old age

Atef M. El-Sagheer1*, Aline F. Barros2, El-Sayed M. Abd El-Aal3, Mohamed M. Gad4, Doaa S. Mahmoud4 and Amr M. El-Marzoky3

...eation of sustainable management strategies to suppress nematodes in infested fields.

...

Ahmed El-Sayed Ismail 

...h as corn genotype, corn age, corn nutritional status, and cropping sequence regime. For the first factor, when two local corn cultivars, namely, Giza 2 (susceptible) and Kahera 1 (resistant), were subjected to the infection by H. zeae to determine the biotic effect of the host susceptibility on development and reproduction of the nematode, the final population and rate of build-up of the nematode were more remarkable on Giza 2 cultivar than on Kahera 1. Due t...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

.../p>...

Yuliaty*, Brigida A. Correia, LigiaT. Correia, Joao Americo, Mateus Da Cruz De Carvalho, Joana da C. Freitas 

...at Titilari Lospalos Village, Lautem, East-Timor, starting from June to October 2022. The study was designed with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors: Factor A was FOF consisting of 0 (A0), 6000(A1), 7000(A2), 9000(A3) kg/ha. The second factor was distance planting consisting of B1 (50x25), B2 (60x25), B3 (70x25), B4 (80x25) cm; there was 3 replications. The observed variables were: total leaves, height plant, biomass and seed produc...

Yoshio Hamano1*, Yasuji Kurimoto2 

...ng states. At 14 days of age, chicks were allocated into four groups and fed diets supplemented with LIP (100 mg/kg) or AWP (20 g/kg) for 26 days as a 2 x 2 factorial design. At 40 days of age, breast muscles as antemortem tissue were harvested from 8 birds under fed conditions. After the remaining birds received feed withdrawal, breast muscle was obtained and stored at 2°C for 3 days. LIP reduced body weight gains when ...

Muhammad Shoaib Azeem1, Hafiz Qadeer Ahmed2,3*, Adil Shahzad2,4, Umar Farooq2,5, Ghayyoor Ahmad6, Muhammad Yaqoob3, Jamal Nasir1

...nvestigate the effect of age and sex on the percentage of retail cuts and offal yield of local goats in Pakistan. Thirty-six goats were randomly selected and divided into four groups based on sex and age. Groups A and B (n=9) consisted of male goats with milk teeth and two teeth, respectively, while groups C and D (n=9) consisted of female goats with milk teeth and two teeth respectively. ...

Zia Gul1, Muhammad Sajid1, Muhammad Noman Khan1*, Faheem ul Haq1, Zohra Nawaz1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2, Sajid Siddique1, Komal Aslam3 and Muhammad Irshad1

...f-1, and survival percentage (80.8) was recorded when plants were irrigated at 15 days interval. While regarding organic manures, the maximum number of leaves (11.0) plant-1, plant height (41.6cm), leaf length (39.5 cm), leaf area (247.8cm2) leaf breadth (4.7 cm), leaf thickness (3.5 cm) leaf weight (207.3 g), number of suckers (4.1) plant-1, amount of gel (174.7 g) leaf-1 and survival percentage (71.5) was recorded in plant...

Karamat Shah1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Zaib Ullah2*, Rashid Ali Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Naveed Akhtar2 and Muhammad Naeem Awan3

...l, financial defense, damages to crops is increasing or the opinion that wildlife causes threats to human safety, health, food, and property. The current study was conducted from June to November, 2018, at Saiful Mulook National Park Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 22 villages were selected in and around the park where the population of the wildlife was high. For the study purpose, questionnaire based survey ...

Amna Mushtaq, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar

... in the women of fertile age. Considering limited research data available about the psychological aspects in these patients, we conducted current study to assess psychotic distress and infertility in PCOS patients of southern Punjab, Pakistan. In this study 204 PCOS women and 150 controls were enrolled. Data of recruited patients was collected from different hospitals of South Punjab. A standardized questionnaire was used for obtaining formal consent and ethic...

Li Qiao*, Shubao Geng, Shibao Guo, Hongmin Liu, Jian Yin and Quan Zhang

...t emergence rate and average single female oviposition between the two treatments. Under violet light treatments, the longevity of male adults of S. subpunctaria was longer than that of female adults, with no significant difference. This paper is expected to provide a reference for in-depth study and application of light in the prevention and control of tea garden.

...

Jie Wang1, Di Fang1, Jianqing Zhao1, Fei Huang2, Bo Liu2, Weikun Tao2, Baoshan Cui2 and Qinghua Gao1,2,3*

...ed to obtain different stage embryos: bovine 8 cell XX embryo, 8 cell XY embryo, 16 cell XX embryo, 16 cell XY embryo, morula XX embryo, morula XY embryo, blastocyst XX embryo, and blastocyst XY embryo. A sequencing library was constructed by the Smart-Seq2 amplification. The transcriptome was sequenced by Illumina HiSeqXten high-throughput sequence technology, and effective sequences were analyzed by functional annotation and related bioinformatics analysis. ...

Qi Liu1,2, Weiyuan Li2,3, Qi Zhang2,3, Ziwei Wang2,3, Rui Gao1,2, Wenlei Liu1,2, Lei Zhang1,2, Ying Liu1,2, Tao Tian2,3 and Hongwei Yan2,3*

Xiangjie Zhao1, Zheshi Kuang2, Jiyuan Yang2, Muhammad Bilal1 and Rongling Yang1*
...atment groups on the average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (feed/gain, F/G) at 21d. At 42 d, the F/G of three treatment groups were all less than the control group. Moreover, the broiler meat quality increased with treatment group compared with the control at 42 d. It also showed that FSP addition could improve the thymic index of broilers at both 21 and 42 d. Among the ...

Yingying Ye1, Chengrui Yan1, Kaida Xu2, Jiji Li1, Jing Miao1, Zhenming Lü1 and Baoying Guo1*

...ic structure with an average differentiation estimated between populations of 0.014. Knowledge obtained from this study has important implications for the management of existing genetic resources for aquaculture, artificial releasing project and conservation in cuttlefish.

...

Alisher Safarov1*, Nasreen Nasreen4, Firuza Akramova5, Shukhrat Djabbarov1, Adolat Mirzaeva5, Javokhir Esonboev5, Djalaliddin Azimov5, Mourad Ben Said2,3 

... effects such as skin damage, weight loss, anemia, reduced meat and milk production, and even mortality. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the species composition and prevalence of ectoparasites in domestic (dogs and cats) and wild predatory mammals (jackals, wolves, foxes, and reed cats) in Uzbekistan through regular parasite collections. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive surveillance was conducted to calculate the prevalence of ectoparasites in carni...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4,Wan Nur Hanani Wan Roslan1, Athirah Zawani Zulkifli Amin Rashid1, Siti Aisyah Mohd Hafiz Ngoo1, Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor1, Muhammad Azrolharith Rashid1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Danung Nur Adli5, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3* 

...five male broiler quails aged two-days-old were reared for three weeks before they were used for the experiment. At the start of the experiment, the quails were divided into 3 groups of 15 quails per group. Group 1 (T0) was treated with 100% commercial diet without soybean waste, Group 2 (T1) was treated with 15% soybean waste + 85% commercial diet, and Group 3 (T2) was treated with 30% soybean waste + 70% commercial diet. For growth performance, the body weig...

Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3

...d transfer the causative agent from infected animals to healthy one.  There are number of factors upon which the spreading of LSDV depends including, environment, humidity, temperature and regions where vectors of its dispersal are more. This disease is spreading at its high at the end of summer season when there is more humidity in air and autumn. Its control is done by vaccination and quarantine of infected animal to prevent its contact with the healthy...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*

 

...g different ratios of forage: supplementation feeding regime. This study described the effects of supplementing Brachiaria decumbens grass (G) received either concentrate (C) or mixed with bypass fat (B) supplement on the in-vitro rumen fermentation and microbial ecosystem of Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes. Three males Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes consuming 100% DM of fresh B. decumbens were used as rumen contents donors. The in-vitro ruminal fermentatio...

Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi1*, Zulfi Atsiil Suandhy1, Tatang Mitra Setia2 

...ng skills, with a percentage of 68.06% for Moni and 63.89% for Terra. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U statistical tests, (α = 0.05; p = 0.415) showed that the nest-building ability between the two individuals is not significantly different. With nest-building ability not significantly different between the two orangutans with a moderate predicate, the two orangutans can be released together.
 

...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...he sperm. The optimal dosage for maintaining the integrity of the dog sperm’s membrane and enhancing its property parameters was determined to be a supplementation of 100 µg/ml essential oils, which demonstrated a significant difference from the control treatment throughout the 12-day storage period (P<0.05). In summary, the results indicate that the properties of dog sperm during preservation are influenced b...

Abdul Hadi, Muhammad Rais*, Ifrah Muddassir, Abdullah Tasib, Maria Zafar and Sumbul Gill

...o establish avian assemblage, bioassessment scale and to provide indices for future monitoring of birds in hiking trails, undisturbed forest and urban areas of Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad, Pakistan. The park harbors a good assemblage of birds. As many as 12,295 individuals of 83 species (12 orders, 38 families) were recorded from the National Park. The hiking trails (74 species, 5219 individuals) were found to be...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2*, Li Bo1, Faiz ur Rehman3, Gul Saba2, Omama Saqib1, Saif Ullah2 and Muhammad Suliman1
... concern for wildlife management due to its expanding magnitude and nature complexity, affecting largely local communities that nearer to forests. Therefore, the two villages of District Dir lower (village Takoro and village Koherai Malakand), the part of great Himalayas has been selected to highlight the conflict between Himalayan palm civet (Paguma lar...

Yao Xixi1, Zhou Rui2* and Ma Yinshan3

...henological phases on forage nutrient composition, rumen fermentation parameters and content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk of grazing yak. In this study, 10 female Gannan yaks with an average body weight of 234.9±10.5 kg were selected for research purpose (natural grazing) in Gannan Pastoral Area of Gansu Province. The forage, rumen fluid and milk samples were collected ...

Jing Hu1,2,3 and Zhenhua Ma1,2,3*

...nvestigate the tissue damage of gills and head kidneys and the changes of serum indicators of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) in 96 h. The results showed that the survival rate of each group was 100%, and no abnormal behavior was observed in juvenile fish. The damage performance in gill generally deepened over time. Lamellar fusion and curling of secondary lamellae also deep...

Ghulam Sarwar Channa1*, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Abdul Aziz Mirani3, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti2, Muneer Ali Bhagat1 and Wazir Ali Maitlo

...terms of survival percentage, average plant height, shoot dry weight, percent reduction over control (PROC) for plant height and shoot dry weight, the accumulation of less Na+ and more K+ as well as the higher K+/Na+ ratio in shoot dry matter, than rest of the cultivars at low to high salt-stress (NaCl) conditions. The results show that the non-aromatic rice cultivar DR-92 can survive and give better yield in moderately (40-...

Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4

...oint were recorded with Magellan® Triton™ 200 GPS device. Efforts were made to include all agriculturally important union councils of six talukas, involving a variety of soil use and crop scenarios, viz. wheat, sugarcane, mango, brassica. Soil texture (Bouyoucos Hydrometer method), electrical conductivity and pH (1:2 soil-water extract), organic matter (Walkley-Black method), and ABDTPA (Ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid) ext...

Adnan Ihsan1*, Najeeb Ullah1, Riaz Hussain2, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1 and Waqar Khan1

...escription and digital images of the identified species and genus are given.

...

Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1

...d along the natural drainage canal that is usually located at the edge of dry-land agricultural fields. 

 

...

Bushra Ainy Dars1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo1, Muhammad Hanif Chandio2, Hamida Narejo3, Majida Parveen Narejo4, Faheem Saddar5, Ghulam Dastagir6, Ghulam Abbas7 and Shahnaz Rashid7

... variation in the percentages of lengths such as standard and anal fin, which were greater in females (85.0 and 15.3 percent, respectively) than in males (83.2 and 10.6 percent, respectively). The length of the head, the width, the pectoral fin, the pelvic fin, and the dorsal fin were all bigger in males (90.76, 70.31, 11.28, 11.97, 4.95, and 4.51%) than in females (90.68, 25.64, 62.71, 10.73, 8.8, 35, and 3.3%), but the dorsal fin was smaller in both sexes. e...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro5, Raza Ali Mangi3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Deepsh Kumar Bhuptani6, Sher Muhammad Khosa1, Abdul Wahid Solangi1, Ayaz Ali Lashari7 and Sheva Dari1

...e result for overall average body weight was revealed in our study 20.37±25.76 gram. In our study strong positive and significant correlation was observed among the average body weight and linear body measurement of poultry birds. We have used two principal components in our study with (PCI-55.21% and 12.13% that revealed total variability the together 67.11%. In this study 1st component was recorded 57.32% of varianc...

Asim Zubair1*, Anam Farid Chishtti2, Zohaib Atta Mehdie3, Aamna Arshad3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Iffat Batool5

... variety of livestock management tasks, such as cutting fodder, watering and feeding animals, cleaning animal pens, and milking. In order to ascertain the involvement of women in livestock husbandry, a survey was carried out in the area of Dera Ghazi Khan. A well-structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data from female respondents during face-to-face interviews, a random selection approach was employed to choose a sample of 100 livestock farm homes fr...

Sagir Hussain1, Erum Iqbal2*, Nasira Kazi2, Sher Wali Khan1, Qamar Abbas1 and Abdul Razaq1

...he districts Gilgit and Nager, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The analysis of samples yielded a new nematode species and two new reported species belonging to the order Tylenchida as new geographical records for Pakistan. Hemicycliophora pyri n. sp., is characterized by the broadly rounded lip region with two indistinct annuli, closely fitting sheath with 231-247 body annuli, stylet 95-100 µm long, non-raised and non-separated labial disc and gradually tape...
Tehreem Fatima1, Jabbar Khan1,*, Hamid Shafiq2, Dost Muhammad3, Muhammad Rafi1 and Shoaib ur Rehman1
...e human being having the age of 90 years or above, called longevity people, against heat stress conditions. Whole blood samples of 45 longevity individuals and 20 samples of control people were collected in D. I. Khan during September 2018 to October, 2019 after proper approval from Gomal University ethical review board and written consent of each individual was taken prior to collection of blood sample. For serum collection, blood samples were centrifuged at ...

Umana Niazi, Muhammad Mushtaq*, Mehwish Kanwal and Momina Raheem

...the Punjab province. Average per hectare yield of groundnut, in Pakistan, is near 1200 kg, which is quite low as compared to its potential, which is some 3000 kg. The low productivity of groundnut is attributed to a number of factors, like, rainfall uncertainties, low yielding varieties, diseases, insect and rodent pests etc. (Okello et al., 2010; Parshad, 1999).

...

Amthal Ahmed Fouad1, Basem Mohamed Ahmed2, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein1, Hussein Aly Hussein2* 

...ered within a unique lineage (Africa-4 lineage of the cosmopolitan clade), no report provided detailed description of this lineage genome and the last published whole genome dates back to 2009. In this context, a complete RABV genome (5EG-QH19) was obtained from a stray dog, analyzed, and compared to other RABV sequences to update the present knowledge. Methods: Rapid immune-chromatography...

Elihasridas, Mardiati Zain*, Roni Pazla, Simel Sowmen, Qurrata Aini 

...g as an alternative roughage source for grass substitution for ruminants, but the lignin content is relatively high, so it has low digestibility. We evaluated the effectiveness of precursor rumen microbial growth supplementation to increase the digestibility of ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste. The precursor rumen microbial growth supplement contains cassava leaves as a source of branched-chain amino acids, phosphorus, and zinc minerals, which was administ...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara1*, MB Hariyono1, Budi Hartono1, Hery Toiba2, Hamidah Nayati Utami3, Moh. Shadiqur Rahman2, Tina Sri Purwanti1

...of customer knowledge management (CKM) in achieving competitive advantage (CA) through innovation capability (IC) and the role of firm age as a moderator between IC and CA. This study uses a quantitative approach with Smart PLS 3.0 multivariate Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. Data were collected from a survey with 210 business people selected using a purposive method. The first i...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy

...volved 180 Tre chickens, aged 6 weeks and weighing approximately 200±6.5 g/bird. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 birds, with a balanced distribution of sexes. The treatments included FG0.5, FG1.0, FG1.5, BG0.5, BG1.0, and BG1.5, where Fresh Garlic and Black Garlic were added to the basal diet at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (DM) concentrations. The trial lasted for 8 weeks, covering the period from 6 to 13 weeks of age f...

Satya Fahriani1, Hadri Latif2*, Herwin Pisestyani2, Zhang Shuqi3, Suyanto Chen3

...g paired T test. The average nitrite level of non-heated EBN is 11.203 ± 2.692 ppm, while retort EBN 15.695 ± 5.630 ppm. The average rehydration capacity of the non-heated EBN bloomed 11.303±1.278 times the initial size. In comparison, the retort EBN bloomed 8.412 ± 1.257 times the initial size. This is the first study that reports retort EBN’s nitrite level and rehydration capacity. The ret...

Saddam Hussein Mahmoud* and Shaimaa Nabhan Yassein

... are to identify mycotic agents, assess the prevalence of mycotic mastitis, and evaluate the virulence of C. albicans that was isolated from Mastitic goats. To investigate the prevalence of mycotic mastitis, related to goats in Baghdad, 166 lactating goats were examined and 332 milk samples were collected from (January – July) 2022. 10 ml of milk were collected in sterile test tubes, an equal volume of milk and CMT reage

Mohamed Mahrous Amer1*, Hanaa Sayed Fedawy2, Hoda Mohamed Mekky2, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi2, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila2

...patic subcapsular hemorrhage mostly in S. aureus groups. Hematological parameters were mostly affected in all infected non-treated groups compared to negative control without significant difference. Histopathological changes of infected non-treated groups showed inflammation of s.c tissue with massive heterophils and mononuclear cell infiltration, hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes and congested splenic sinusoids. While treated groups showed limited skin...

Novirman Jamarun1, Roni Pazla1*, Arief2, Elihasridas1, Gusri Yanti3, Rani Winardi Wulan Sari4, Zaitul Ikhlas4

...ifolia as a source of forage protein. This study aims to determine the intake, body weight gain, and digestibility of nutrients of goats fed mangrove leaves and T. diversifolia with different levels. The research employed 16 one-year-old goats and divided them into groups according to their body weight. The concentrate utilized in the study comprised tofu dregs, corn, rice bran, palm kernel cake, minerals, and salt. A randomized block design with four treatmen...

Khalid M. Al-Syaad1,2

...tment doses orally by gavage for 28 days. Control, treated with a physiological solution (5.0 ml/rat). CC-treated group, treated with CC 15 mg/kg/bw. CC+propolis, treated with CC 15 mg/kg/bw + 30 mg/kg/bw propolis. Propolis-treated group, treated with 30 mg/kg/bw propolis. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and tissue samples (liver, kidney, and testes) were collected for histopathological examination. The results showed that the presence o...

Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek1*, Abdelaziz M. Sakr2, Wael M. Nagy2, Hesham S. Abou-Serie2, Entesar Z. Eliraqy2

... from five buffalo bulls aged 3.5–5 years. The collected semen was pooled and distributed into five equal fractions, each fraction was diluted with Tris-extender at each level of PEE (PEE0, PEE1, PEE2, PEE3, and PEE4). Semen was gradually diluted at 37 °C with each extender at a rate of 1: 10, equilibrated for 4 hours at 4 °C, packaged in French straws, and frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. Eval...

Rida Ahmad1,2*, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Usman Ahmad3, Safdar Sidra4, Irfan Zainab2, Muhammad Furqan2, Aliza Batool1,2 and Zaidi Zona2

... the conservation and management of Steppe Eagle and Western Tragopan. Primary and secondary data based further studies are needed to manage the population of threatened species.

...

Muhammad Nasir Bhaya1,2* and Hikmet Keles2

...n with other therapeutic agents to treat different malignant tumors. Nephrotoxicity is one of the major side effects of it. Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol, known for its antioxidant properties. In this study, the protective effect of EA on CP-induced renal damage was evaluated. For this purpose, 24 rats were divided into four groups, control, CP, CP+EA50, and CP+EA75. Histopathological examination of kidneys revealed hype...

Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Amina Arif1 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2*

...progression of CML is manageable with the use of chemotherapeutic drugs.

...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid1, Shafaq Amir2, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1*, Hafiz Hassan Iqbal1, Najam-us-Sahar1 and Mubsher Hussain1,3
... (EER), mortality percentage and food conversion ratio (FCR) were similar (P > 0.05) by addition of lipase and bile acids in energy diluted diets during starter phase in broiler chicks. However, birds of NC1L group had higher European production efficiency factor (EPEF) than other treatments. Weight gain, PER, EER and EPEF were higher (P < 0.05) in birds of NC1LB group and lower (P < 0.05) in birds of NC2 and NC2L group. However, FCR was better (P <...

Sumei Zeng and Yong Zhang*

...sed on the opinion of managers working in industries that are using IOT. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of data collection tools. The results showed that Detection of Insemination Time (DIT) and Early Detection of Diseases (EDD) applications are more important, respectively.

...

Kiran Afshan1*, Sobia Baseer1, Shanza Kiran1, Ghulam Narjis2 and Sabika Firasat1

...30 years and 31-40 years age group (16.78%-36.45), 1st and 3rd trimesters (33.2%- 40.3%), and housewives (28.8%-37.4%). The mean of IgG and IgM antibodies titer was observed higher than >1.3 in pregnant women and in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The present study concluded a higher prevalence of T. gondii infection in women of childbearing age in KP, Pakistan, and requires preventive measures to reduce the abortion risks an...

Moustafa M. Zeitoun 1,3; Mohamed M. Mansour 2,4* 

...nd sperm motility percentage. Besides, plasma aldosterone levels in infertile animals were positively correlated (r = 0.26) with sperm abnormality ratios. Conclusion; The blood and seminal plasma aldosterone and testosterone levels could be used as a biomarker to predict fertility in male dromedary camels. Further, it could recommend measuring blood aldosterone relative to seminal plasma testosterone for early diagnosis of sub-fertility in male camels. 

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...dicating a higher percentage in goats (14.6%) than in sheep (7.7%). In goats, the significant association (P<0.0001) of contagious ecthyma infection with seroprevalence was found in 4 districts; however, contagious ecthyma antibodies titers were found positive in sheep of Muzaffargarh only. The risk factors such as young age, female gender, grazing without stall feeding, presence of lesions on the lips, and injuries on th...

Rosidi Azis1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Sri Wahjuningsih2, Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono3, Yuli Arif Tribudi4, Veronica Margareta Ani Nurgiartiningsih2* 

...5 males and 260 females; aged six months) of Bali cattle were collected from the Bali Cattle Breeding Center during the period 2018-2020. The Pearson correlation (r) between BW and BMs was determined, and the simple and multiple regression analysis were performed in a Matlab R2021a. The quality of fit of the models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean squared error (RMSE). The results showed that BW had a positively high sign...

Feng-Yan Liu1,2,3, Ting Chen1,2,3, Yu-Hui Li1,2,3, Zheng Liu1,2,3, Jing-Jin Zheng1,2,3, You-Bang Li1,2,3* and Zhong-hao Huang1,2,3*

...logical variables (i.e., age and sex) affect the hormone levels in primates. In this study, with non-invasive methods, we measured physiological hormones including glucocorticoids (GCs), cortisol, and thyroid hormones (THs, T3 and T4) of rhesus macaques’ (Macaca mulatta) fecal pellet sampled from the Longhushan Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangxi, China. The results indicated that cortisol was negatively correlated with ambient temperature and sunlight, wh...
Nabila Rasheed1, Shumaila Usman2*, Madeeha Sadiq3, Bushra Wasim3, Kanwal Haneef4, Hafsa Shafqat3, Tabinda Urooj3 and Saman Rashid4
 
...e cells at different passages (P0-P3). Moreover, the expression of the important cell cycle genes (CDCA2, CDCA8, CDC20, and CCNA2) was analyzed by quantitative PCR to determine the effect of GDM at gene level. The isolated cells expressed the stem cell specific marker CD90 which confirmed that the isolated cells are WJMSCs. Population doubling time (PDT) was found to be increased in the early passages (P0-P1) in GDM-WJMSCs a...

Sherein H. Mohamed1, Soad El Naggar2*, Ayman A. Hassan3, Mohamed A.M. Mousa3, Mohamed M. Basyony3, Mohamed F. Sadek3, Mohamed A. A. Ahmed4, Saadia M. Hashem5 

...ew Zealand White rabbits aged eight weeks old with an average body weight of 675±47.95 g were divided into six equal groups 21 rabbits each, control diet group, C fed the basal diet and the other five groups (GE, ClE, ThE, TE, and CE) fed on basal diet supplemented with 200 ppm of garlic, clove, thyme, turmeric and cinnamon extracts respectively.  These extracts revealed an increase in final body weight, daily we...

Mohammed Naji Odhah1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1*, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Bashiru Garba5, Zaid Mahmood1, Eric Lim Teik Chung6, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila7  

...culosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants and is of considerable economic importance in many countries worldwide. The control of the disease in animals depends on the control of the disease in infected animals. Nevertheless, few countries where the disease was previously endemic have successfully eradicated the pathogen. This investigation was undertaken to determine the antibody titre (IgM and IgG) in does challenged with C. p...

Ishtiaq Ahmed1*, Hamid Ullah2, Zubair Ali2, Muhammad Sohail2, Yasir Amin2 and Afrasyab1

...commended that proper managemental practices, strategic anthelmintic protocols as per regular faecal examination and awareness of farmers regarding husbandry practices may be implemented in the study area to boost the economy of the farmers.

...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

...enicurus in a remote villages of district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected by adopting a mix scientific approach including Participants’ observations, interviews and structured questionnaire. Our results showed that the local villagers of the remote area of district Mardan were the active observers of trapping, over hunting and trading of waterhen in the study area. The structured interviews wi...

Zaib Ullah1*, Sajid Mahmood2,3, Zafar Iqbal4, Fakhar-i-Abbas5, Naveed Akhtar1 and Abdul Majid Khan6*

...o setting places. An average of 49.95 signs/km2 was recorded; this is a very high encounter rate. According to BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) Science and Nature, the home range size of Asiatic black bears is 10 to 20 km2, so we concluded that more than 24 black bear were present in both valleys.

...

Jamshid Ali1,2, Sabeeqa Usman Malik1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf1, Jia Zhongkui2, Zuhair Husnain3 and Saeed Gulzar1 

...echanisms for carbon storage. Forests are important natural storehouses of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimation of forest biomass in various ecosystems is of key importance in the context of international climate treaties. The objectives of the current study were to assess above-ground carbon (AGC), belowground carbon (BGC) and total carbon stock in the sub-tropical pine forest in Upper Kurram District, Kurram (Pakistan). Twenty-five sample plots were ...

Muhammad Noman Khan* and Ghulam Nabi

...r, its poor yield discourage farmers from its cultivation. Plant nutrients particularly Potassium plays critical role in growth and yield of citrus crops. Therefore, for the possible solution the current study Potassium fertilizer source and timing regulate growth, flowering and yield in trees of sweet lime (Citrus limetta L.) was conducted during the year 2019. Experiment was laid out in RCBD split plot arrangement with 2 factors and 3 replications. Potassium...

Erni Damayanti1,2, Herry Sonjaya2*, Sudirman Baco2, Hasbi Hasbi2, Ekayanti Mulyawati Kaiin3

... embryonic development stage increases.
 
Keywords | Bali cattle embryos, Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), In vitro culture
...

Mudawamah Mudawamah1*, Sumartono Sumartono1, G. Ciptadi2, E. Susanto3, Y. Hartoyo4, L. Affandhy5,6

... of body weight), and forage (10% of body weight). The results showed that morphology, physiology, and total protein did not show a significant relationship (p>0.05) to differentiate broodstock in a single or twin brood in Sapudi sheep or their crosses, except for Suffas sheep. Total protein could show the difference between twin lambs having total protein > 6.36 g/dL and single lambs having total protein < 6.36 g/dL. The conclusion was that there was...

Jaiperkash Moolchandani1*, Geeta Moolchandani2, Syed Mohsin Turab3, Nasima Iqbal4, Ambreen Rehman5 and Shaima Sultana Memon6

...ot recognized at early stage in Parkinson’s disease, so the current study aimed to find out the prevalence of non-motor clinical symptoms and the associated factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neuro-medicine Ward, (28), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi during August 2019 to February 2020. Demographic information including; age, gender, residence, and duration of symptoms were co...

Bushra Allah Rakha1*, Farah Qayyum1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Ali Akhter1, Komal Shakeel1, Javeria Batool1, Faryal Akhtar1 and Sehrish Hina1

...2.6 eggs. Maximum percentage of nests (30.2%) had clutch size of 2 and 3 eggs. The overall hatching success in active nests was 61.7% and fledging success was 67.6%. During month of May, maximum number of eggs and nestlings were recorded while no breeding activity was recorded during month of February. It is concluded that (MHNP) is a favorable site for breeding activity of white-cheeked bulbul.

...

Arshad Khan, Mohammad Ihsan, Maryam Bibi, Gul Rahim, Fazl Ullah, Komail Khan and Ali Hazrat*

...applied at appropriate stages. Salt stress shows reduction in growth of all mays varieties. Plant height in case of control and treated, the mean value was 31.27, standard error 1.16, coefficient of variance was 26.94, range from Minimum 25 cm and maximum 32 cm, leaf length in control and treated, the mean value was 21.50, standard error 1.74, coefficient of variance was 33.45, range from Minimum8.00cm and maximum 32 cm, leaf width incase control and with salt...

Nosheen Jehajo* and Naheed Shah

...considerable economic damage. Using no choice tests, this laboratory study investigated the effect of different temperature (20, 30 and 40°C) and humidity (50, 55 and 60%) regimes on the damage extent and weight loss caused by C. maculatus to some stored pulses i.e. green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczik), mash gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and brown colored chickpea (Cicer arietin...

Ali A. M. Al-Kuhla1*, Yaman S. Fadhil1, Saffanah K. Mahmood2 

...king water with a percentage of 0.025%, while in 4th group both malic and acetic acids were added to drinking water with a percentage of 0.025% for each of them. During the experiment, the productive characteristics were studied including the live body weight, the rate of weight gain, the consumption and conversion of feed. Finally, all the bird were slaughtered for the purpose of histological examination. Tissue sections we...

Jameel-ur-Rehman1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ahmad Ali Moryani1, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Abdullah Sethar2, Ali Raza Nizamani3, Abdul Ahad Soomro3, Kanwar Kumar Malhi1 

...least four antimicrobial agents. 

...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...S at 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age, respectively, and the conventional complete confinement, treatment D (control). The birds were weighed and their foot pad lesions evaluated at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age. Liver samples were collected at 8 weeks of age and processed for culture and sensitivity. Relative risk analysis (RR) was used to determine the association between confinement as a risk facto...

Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Aly Mohammed Ghetas1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy2

...cine at 7 and 21 days-of age. While group B was treated with commercial live and killed genotype II NDV vaccines at the same days, respectively. Furthermore, groups C and D act as positive and negative non-vaccinated controls. At 30 days of age groups A, B and C were challenged with VNDV genotype VII1.1 isolate, where the clinical manifestations, gross post-mortem lesions, Humoral immune response and also quantification of v...

Elfadil, G.E.1,3, G.F. Gouda1*, M.A. Rashed2, A.R. Shemeis1

...gain (DG), higher percentages of dressing (DP) and boneless meat (BMP). Sources of information were various combinations from weaning weight (WW), slaughter weight (SW), DG, body length (BL) and round girth (RG). The maximum accuracy of selection (RTI = 0.71) was obtained from the selection based on the full index (I1) containing the five sources of information. Dropping WW and RG from the full index simultaneously, to form the best reduced index (I3), is expe...

Eman M. Abdelhady1, Nader Y. Mostafa1, Mohammed A. El-Magd2* and Ghada A. Kirrella1

...ing its refrigerated storage for 9 days. The size of CNPs ranged from 150 to 350 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Comparing the effect of the two chitosan products, CNPs exhibited higher antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. coli, as revealed by lower minimal inhibition concentrations than the CP. Among these bacteria, E. coli was the most sensitive to CP and CNPs. Minced meat samples treated with CNPs showed significantly lowe...
Sri Rahayu*, Muhaimin Rifa’i and Widodo 
...reantral to the antral stages. Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), which is secreted by oocytes, is a paracrine factor that plays a vital role in follicular development. We performed a computational biology analysis to determine the role of GFD9 in mammalian ovarian function. We constructed a three-dimensional model of GDF9 using I-TASSER and human GDF9 protein sequences obtained from UniProt. We also analyzed GDF9 gene expression levels using GENEVESTIGAT...

Tahir Rasool Qamar1, Sanaullah Iqbal1*, Muhammad Nasir1 and Habib-ur- Rehman2

...ared to group G2. Percentage of total aberrant crypt foci (ACF) inhibition was also higher (30.14%) in group G4 as compared to group G3 (18.55%). Elevated levels of short chain fatty acids were observed in chicory root powder groups particularly in G4 which having significant higher levels of acetate and butyrate compared to group G2. Group G4 also hindered body weight loss due to carcinogenesis effect. It can be concluded that chicory root powder has protecti...

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...ral source as a reducing agents might have more advantages as an alternative to physical and chemical methods because it is inexpensive and considered environmentally friendly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to synthesize selenium nanoparticles from Citrus paradise peels extract (SeNPs-CP), their general characterization, and their assessment for antioxidant activities against liver injury induced by bisphenol A ...

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...ral source as a reducing agents might have more advantages as an alternative to physical and chemical methods because it is inexpensive and considered environmentally friendly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to synthesize selenium nanoparticles from Citrus paradise peels extract (SeNPs-CP), their general characterization, and their assessment for antioxidant activities against liver injury induced by bisphenol A ...

Peng Chen1, Jiaqi Li1, Hongbo Li2, Qin Lu3, Wei Liu1,4,5* and Jianliang Zhang1*

...% to 55.31%, with an average value of 51.67 ± 1.10%, higher than the GC content and similar to that of birds in general (50.5% to 57.7%). In addition, the start and stop codons, the mitogenome consists of 3662 codons. The most commonly used amino acid was leucine (13.63%) in the use of M. serrator. The analyses indicated that the Anseriformes include the families Anseranatidae, Anhimidae, and Anatidae. Furthermore, Anatinae is composed of Aythyini, Anat...

Ming Wang1, Nan Yang2, Xiaolin Zhang2 and Wei Liu1*

...e most serious rodent damage in China. The rodent control technology is presently advanced and diverse, however, awareness among the herdsmen in this area to control the rodents remains relatively regressive. Given the limitations in organizing herdsmen to participate in the government-organized rodent control, open-ended and closed-ended combined questionnaires were executed in the summer of 2020 for investigating the consciousness of deratization and the fac...
Mai M. Dawood*1, Mohamed Fawzy2 and Mohamed S. Elshahidy3
...l necrosis and severe damage of the immune system. IBDV remarkably persist to affect the poultry industry in Egypt. Hence this study was done to identify and characterize very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease virus in Egypt during the period 2019-2020. bursal samples were collected from 8 vaccinated broiler flocks exhibited high mortality rates and bursal lesions in al-El-Fayoum province, Egypt during 2019 and 2020. Reverse transcription PCR was used to dete...
Misbah Ammanat1, Abdul Qadir1, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Rida Ahmad2,3, Usman Ahmad1, Irfan Zainab2 and Aliza Batool2,3
...o;s first extra high voltage TL in the highlands. Collision risks for birds may be greatest around the Indus River and its tributaries. The study area is 7,951 km2, stretching from the Dasu Hydropower Project in the north to the Islamabad West Grid Station in the south. Field surveys at 678 observation points were conducted from November 2017 to October 2018. A total of 38,939 birds were sighted, representing 215 different species. Tarbela Reservoir and the fu...
Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun1,2, Al-Mamun2,3, Sanjay Kumar Mohanta2,3, Md. Farhan Tazim2,3, Mohammed Rashed Parvej 2,3, Md. Sharif Uddin2,3, Suman Barua1,2 and Liu Qun1*
...ucial for sustainable management for fisheries production. Our study in mers of 655 Silver Pomfret, Pampus argenteus, 366 females and 289 males, collected monthly between February 2019 and January 2020, provides insight into the characteristics of size at sexual maturity, peak spawning season, and sex ratio of the species. Monthly variation in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) values and histological observations has revealed two spawning peaks, in spring (April-M...

Tasleem Akhtar1*, Muhammad Farooq Nasir2, Imran Bodlah2 and Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3

...he effectiveness of this agent in reducing pest damage. Biology of the A. smithi reared on A. pisum in the laboratory at 23± 1°C has been studied. The development cycle of A. smithi from larvae to adult was completed in about 11 days. The pre-mating period of males (n=10) varied between 5 and 8 min (mean: 4 min). Copulation time (n = 10 pairs) was between 33 and 55 sec (mean: 45.2 sec). Oviposition time (n = 10 fe...

Yang Pan1,2, Yang Huang3, Guo-hai Wang4* and Qi-hai Zhou3*

...e considered for tree management.

...

Muhammad Hussain1, Yasir Ali2*, Baber Iqbal1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2, Muhammad Saeed1 and Muhammad Jawad Yousaf1

...ded to reduce disease management costs and to increase crop sustainability. For this purpose, screening of 42 different wheat varieties and advanced lines was conducted at the Research area of Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad, during 3rd week of November 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 crop seasons. To monitor the changes of rust virulence pattern in the region, a set of rust trap nurseries consisting of 21 stripe (Yr)...

Kandiah Pakeerathan*, Konesalingam Jeyavithuyan, Aruchchunan Nirosha and Gunasingham Mikunthan

...ow-cost approaches to manage soil-borne diseases as well as properly manage organic wastes into super compost.

...

Mehran Ali* and Inamullah

...ul in the sustainable management of immobile P in soil. However, their use in releasing P from alternative sources in alkaline calcareous soils have been little investigated. To explore the influence of AM fungi and P management on wheat productivity, two years of field experiments were carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during Rabi season 2018-19 and 2019-20. Randomized complete bl...

Yasir Ali1, Muhammad Shahbaz2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif1-2, Salman Ahmad3*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Saqib Saeed2, Mohsin Iqbal1, Mozam Ejaz1 and Saima Naseer5

...le @ 625 g/ha for the management of leaf rust of wheat in Research Area of Plant Pathology, Hafiz Abad Research Station, B.Z.U. Bahadar Sub-Campus, Layyah, during crop seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Statistically significant (P<0.05) disease control was observed by Propiconazole (29.30 %) in the first crop season 2018-2019 and 28.50% in the second crop season 2019-2020, followed by Polyram...

Nasir Ali1,2,6, Muhammad Ilyas2,3, Nazia Akbar1,2*, Gohar Rahman2, Shakirullah Khan4, Mujaddad Ur Rehman6, Abdul Samad5, Habib Ahmad1,2 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza7*

...ntinuity in maternal lineage between ancient and modern people of the north-western province, polymorphisms in the HVSI region of mitochondrial DNA sequences of 56 ancient samples (1000-3000 old) and 303 modern samples from three different regions (Chitral, Swat and Hazara) were analyzed for hyper variable sequences of mitochondrial DNA for the determination of their maternal affinities. Our results revealed 25% unique haplotypes in ancient samples whereas 28%...

Caiyun Li1, Tao Xu2, Luyang Zhang3, Xuesong Yan4, Yu Xin5, Li Li6 and Jinghua Chen7*

...sly impeded cause the forage fish as main sources of baits. This study reviewed the current situation of snakehead culture in Shandong, compared the advantages and disadvantages of feeding forage fish and compound feed for snakehead culture. In addition, the development status and trend of compound feed for snakehead were analyzed. This review will provi...

Asifa Majeed*, Amir Rashid, Palvasha Waheed, Asma Faryal, Aden Razaq and Ayesha Maryam

...ubjects of both genders, aged between 30-70  years were randomly selected and further divided into a diabetic dyslipidemia group, a diabetic group and a healthy group. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and subjected to the polymerase chain reaction using primers of the APOA1 gene and ABCG1 gene. The amplicons were subjected to Sanger sequencing on Automated DNA Genetic Analyzer. The sequence data was analyzed on BioEdit7.2 biological softwar...

Sumaira Kousar* and Safdar Ali Shirazi

...is underscored by an average soil loss of 31.25 tonnes per hectare per year, coupled with compelling evidence of substantial erosion. The specter of erosion’s far-reaching implications beckons for immediate intervention, especially for the 2% of land grappling with extreme soil erosion. Urgent measures are imperative to preserve land integrity and safeguard the communities reliant on these resources. The amalgamation of GIS with the RUSLE model is indisp...

Amistu KU1,2*, Monahan FJ2, Wims P2, Yonatan KY1 , Fahey AG2, Takele TA3 

...ttening practices and management in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Three districts representing three agro-ecologies were selected purposively based on their higher potential for beef cattle fattening and marketing. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain data from local cattle fattening farmers (n=306) using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority (94.4%) of respondents depend on the mixed crop-livestock farming activity as a source of i...

Shaista Ilyas1, Safdar Ali1, Amer Habib1, Misbah Ali1,2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3*, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Usman Ghani4,5 and Muhammad Umair1

...research was aimed to manage the Cercospora leaf spot diseases by using different chemicals by foliar spray using 0.05g of boric acid, ZnSO4, MgSO4, and a combination of all these. The in-vivo experiment was carried out in the open field using randomized complete block design (RCBD). Effects of different chemicals on disease management were examined statistically by using Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) t...

Imran Nadeem1, Qurban Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1*, Asad Aslam1, Imran Tariq2, Muhammad Bilal Bin Iqbal1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Sikander Ali3, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1, Muhammad Zubair3 and Aqsa Abbas1

...ated to check the percentage infestation reduction of Pectinophora gossypiella under field conditions under the RCBD design. The results showed that the effectiveness of the traps was excellent in the early days but declined as time went on. The results showed that Pb rope traps had maximum control over the pink boll worm population (96.30%), followed by delta traps (85.03%), and light traps had the lowest population reduction (75.13%) when compared to the con...

Javed Hussain Umrani1, Roseena2, Ashfaq Ahmed3, Saba Iqbal2, Amtul Sami4, Mumtaz Ali Salito5 and Gulnaz Parveen2*

...ance at early seedling stage of wheat against various salinity levels were carried out under controlled conditions. Five wheat varieties (TD1, TJ-83, Moomal, Sarsabz, Kiran-95) were obtained from different Agricultural Research Institutes of Sindh. The research was conducted in the Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. In this research, seed germination and seedling growth were analy...

Arnold Christian Tabun*, Ferdinan Suharjono Suek, Cardial L Leo Penu, Johanis A. Jermias, Thomas Lapenangga  

... colors are used with an age range of 3-5 years. DNA sequencing conducted multiple alignments, the identification of the genetic distance, and the preparation of phylogenetic trees using the software Mega X. The results of PCR sequencing of Bali cows with different coat colors in Kupang were 464 bp. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism in Bali cows compared to Bos taurus and Bos javanicus as many as 29 SNPs. The percentage<...

Kyu-Jung Kim and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...equires wetland-based management programs that are applied to habitat complexes at the landscape scale to support the needs of waterbirds. The results of this study can help with the conservation of habitats and landscapes in urban streams. Further research should be conducted on the conservation of waterbirds and their habitat in the future.

...

Mahmood Davoodi-Omam, Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi*, Jafar Fakhraei and Mehdi Changizi

...plicate up to 42 days of age. The group containing Globacid (1 mL/L) and the restriction intensity of 10% had the highest significant difference compared to the control (p <0.05). The highest thymus weight was observed in the treatments with Globacid levels of 0.5 and 1 mL/L, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, the highest humoral immune response among the groups was seen in the group containing Globacid (1 mL/L) and the restriction intensity of 10% (p < 0...

Nida Sadaqat1, Sheheyar Ahmed Khan1, Amna Bibi1, Sadaf Zahra1, Muhammad faisal Salamt1, Noreen Latief2 and Fatima Ali1*

... implicated in tissue damage and multiple organ failure. Supplementation of antioxidants has proven beneficial in decreasing free radicals in burns. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on biochemical alterations during the post-burn stage in scalded rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and dorsum was shaved. Second-degree skin burn was induced by immer...
Sami Ullah1, Choudary Ihtasham Ali1, Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*, Shoaib Nasir1 and Amjad Masood2
...oncerns, urban locality, age, education, family size, and income significantly influence the preference for oil over vanaspati ghee. At the same time, the taste has a negative and significant influence on the choice of vegetable oil. The estimates indicate that the highest income group in the data prefers edible oil more than the lowest income group. As vegetable oil is costly as compared to ghee, consuming healthier food, price is an essential criterion for l...

Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5

...on at various fruiting stages i.e., pea, marble, egg, at matures stages as well as yield at the end of harvesting as compared to the control. Increasing amino acid percentages (Promise 6.55%, Flagon 10.00%, and Izabion 62.55%) also increased the number of fruits at the fully mature stage i.e., 1.43%, 1.82%, and 2.20%, respectively. As compared to control...

Nadeem Akmal1, Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Yousaf2, Waqar Akhtar1 and Hassnain Shah1

...hnique has obvious advantage over conventional rice sowing method. The technique has the potential to be adopted on wider scale. However, mechanical, technical and financial backups for importers, entrepreneurs and service providers are needed to be devised. Agronomists should conduct research to compare suitability of different planting materials for nursery sowing in trays. Similarly, experiments should be carried out to find out optimal irrigation and ferti...

Bdour Muhammed Al-Shweily1*, Jawad Bulbul Al-Zaidawi2, Muhammed Jubair Hanawi1 

...enous biological control agents yielded notable mortality rates for the targeted larvae and pupae. The highest rates were achieved when using a higher concentration of fungi, specifically 20×10^6 spore/mL, in combination with 100 infective juveniles/mL of nematodes (resulting in an 83.33% mortality rate for larvae and 80% mortality rate for pupae). Remarkably, the mortality rate of the treated larvae surpassed that of the treated pupae at identical conce...

Frah Razzaq Kbyeh1, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2* 

...ghth adult female rabbit aged (6-8 weeks) and weighing between (1500 and 2000) gm., was randomly divided into six equal groups(8/each) as follow positive control(PC) , negative control(NC) diclofenac in 1mg/kg(DC), ciprofloxacin in 7 mg/kg(CIP), combination (ciprofloxacin 3.5 mg/kg+diclofenac1mg/kg) COM1 and combination(ciprofloxacin 1.75 mg/kg+diclofenac 1mg/kg) com2 groups all injection 0.1 ml in 1 x 109 CFU E coli 0157 :H7 by urinary catheterization ro...

Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Imran Faraz3, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Zubeda Parveen1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Sana Ullah4* and Malik Akhtar Iqbal5

...nces. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a promising solution by reducing the reliance on insecticides. Many countries worldwide have successfully adopted IPM techniques to manage crop pests. However, in countries like Pakistan, the adoption of IPM practices remains limited among farmers, resulting in a lack of significant success stories in this regard. In light of the challenges posed by pest adaptation and pesticide ...

Fatima Ali1*, Rimsha Tahir1 and Tahir Rehman Samiullah2

...s observed in the percentage of wound contraction and significant decrease in the period of epithelialization in honey+3% NAC group as compared with control group. Histologically, honey+3% NAC Group treatment resulted in almost complete re-epithelialization and re-structuring of the wound tissue. There was a significant rise in catalase and decrease in GSH levels in the control group that was reversed to a major extent by the application of honey+3% NAC dressi...

Omar Berkani1*, Souheila Slimani2, Nora Sakhraoui3 and Cherif Abdennour1

...ld serve as a protective agent against the toxic impacts of two doses of cypermethrin (CYP) on the seasonal reproduction of domestic males pigeons (Columba livia domestica) subjected to a long photoperiod (19L: 05D). Therefore, thirty pigeons were divided equally into six groups; group C used as a control, group PO used as a positive control that treated by PO (300 mg/k b.w/day), CYP1 and CYP2 groups were respectively treated by 10 and 20 mg/Kg b.w/day, in add...

Mamona Jabeen1, Sumra Naz1, Hina Amjad1, Khalid Abbas1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2, Taqwa Safdar1 and Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed1

...s important for their management regarding the evaluation of the potential genetic effects induced by anthropogenic interventions. The genetic variability among five natural populations of Channa marulius was studied by using five microsatellite loci in a total of 150 individuals. The C. marulius population exhibited a moderate level of heterozygosity. The mean value of observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.700 – 0.833 while the expected heterozygosit...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Tariq Mustafa3, Gul Rehman2, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad2, Muhammad Younas4,5*, Aftab Ahmad Khan6, Ameer Hamza2, Abdul Ghaffar1 and Muneer Abbas1

... and sustainable pest management technique. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are currently used as biocontrol agents and are alternatives of synthetic insecticides in sustainable agriculture. The bio-efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF); Metarhizium anisopliae (PacerMA), Verticillium lecanii (Zimm) (Mealikil-VL), Isaria fumosorosea (Wise) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals) (Racer-BB) were investigated against the mung bean thrips...

Momina Raheem1, Muhammad Fiaz2*, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Umana Niazi1, Evelyn Saba3 and Mansoor Abdullah3

...mbs at birth and 7th day age was increased (P<0.05) with CRS 25g/d and 50g/d as compared to control but no difference (P>0.05) was found between treatments. The higher survival rate of lambs (P<0.05) was found in CRS 25 g/d, followed by 50 g/d and then 0 g/d. Milk constituents; solid not fat, density, lactose, minerals and protein were increased (P<0.05) with increasing rate of dietary supplementation of CRS except fat percent...

Waqas Alam1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...ndomly distributed into cage (60.96 × 60.96 × 53.34 cm) and floor housing systems having 90 females and 10 males. Each group was subdivided into three replicates (30/replicate female). Hubbard management guideline was followed for feeding, watering, and vaccination. Egg quality parameters were evaluated at pre-peak (22-30 weeks), peak (31-40 weeks) and post-peak (41-59 weeks) production st

Haiyan Nan, Ran Feng, Guiling Zhang and Jingqin Liu*

...ale patients with an average age of 54.35±6.37 and 182 female patients with an average age of 56.67±7.19. 450 healthy people were enrolled for the control group. According to the experimental requirements, the subjects were divided into two groups: the control group (healthy people without T2DM, n=450); the T2DM group (patients meeting the ...

Sehrish Ishtiaq1, Mahroze Fatima1*, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Noor Khan3, Muhammad Bilal4, Maryam2 and Sobia Nisa1

...almichthys molitrix (average initial weight 13.7 ± 0.05 g). Nine isonitrogenous, isocaloric and isolipidic diets with three Ca levels (0, 1 and 2%) combined with three P levels (0, 1 and 2% P) were prepared. Results showed that silver carp fed the diet supplemented with 1% Ca and 1% P level yielded the similar (p > 0.05) growth performance as was recorded for that fed diet containing 2% Ca and 2% P. No significant difference in survival rate was reco...

Saad Tahir, Nadeem Ahmed*, Mohsin Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Akram, Rabia Abbas and Kausar Malik

Bayanda Mdoda*, Faith Machabi, Busisani Wiseman Lembede, Eliton Chivandi 

...ody mass gain (BMG), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed. On slaughter, GIT and accessory GIT viscera organs were extracted and small and large intestine lengths and mass were measured. Empty carcass mass was measured and the dressing percentage was computed. Across growth phases and overall, dietary zingerone had similar effects (p > 0.05) as ZnBcn on the chicken’s TBM, BMG, ADG,...

Ayoola J. Shoyombo1, Ake A. Moses1, Comfort I. Ukim2, Mustapha A. Popoola2, Olayinka O. Alabi1, Noah C. Edozie1, Faith Ogbor1, Jacob Kuusu1, Ekemini M. Okon3* 

...siology; thus, proper management procedures must be designed to capitalize on these findings for profitability.
 

...

Zeyad Kamal Imari 

...lt;0.05) dressing percentage and relative weight of the breast and leg. The results also showed that predicted dietary calcium requirements for dressing percentage and relative weight of breast and leg were 0.86, 0.83, and 0.81% respectively. While predicted dietary calcium requirements for ash, calcium, and phosphorus content in the tibia were 0.85, 0.86, and 0.73% respectively. 

...

Syed Nouman Shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Midrar Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...ungi that contaminate silage, a common livestock feed. Mycotoxin contamination poses significant risks to animal health and performance, affecting various physiological systems and functions. This paper aims to review the current literature on mycotoxin occurrence, effects, and management in silage and identify effective strategies to ensure animal health, productivity, and minimize econom...

Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2

...ly used local anesthetic agents include procaine, lidocaine and bupivacaine. Understanding the pharmacology of local anesthetics enables the anesthetists to predict the potency, speed of onset, duration of action and safety of a specific drug in a given clinical situation. A local anaesthetic disrupts ion channel function within the neuron cell membrane preventing the transmission of the neuronal action potential while general anesthetics like ketamine disrupt...

Khwaja Junaid and Shah Alam Khan

...e IPM program for the management of RLF. Furthermore, these resistant germplasms can be used in breeding programs for the development of high yielding resistant varieties against RLF.

...

Saime Betül Baygeldi1, Barıs Can Güzel1*, Ramazan Ilgün2 and Zait Ender Özkan1

...med to compare the SEM images before and after plastination. German mast geese used as study material were obtained from goose breeders. After the micro-anatomical features of the German goose tongue were determined, SEM (FEI-Quanta; FEG 250, USA) analyzes were made and their general structures were photographed. Then, silicone plastination processes were applied at room temperature. The SEM images of the fresh material and ...
Akram Ali Baloch1*, Adeel Ahmad2, Kaleem U. Kakar3, Sara Naudhani1, Samiullah Khan1, Agha Muhammad Raza3, Imrana Niaz Sultan1, Humaira Zahid4, Saadullah3 and Shakeela Daud1*
... (PME) with onset in teenage years of a progressively stubborn seizure disorder which brings declining mental function, dementia and finally death within ten years after the first symptoms. Lafora disease is defective in two well-known genes EPM2A and EPM2B. EPM2B (NHLRC1) consists of one large exon of 1188 bps. It encodes 395 amino acid protein called Malin comprising a zinc finger of the Ring-type in the N-terminal half and 6 NHL-repeat domains in C-terminal...

Dhurgham K. Seger1, Rahman H. H. Al Qasimi2, Azhar A. Jaffar3, Salah H. Faraj4, Ahmed I. Ateya5* 

...heep, slaughtered at the age of 10 months. DNA extraction and PCR reactions were carried out at the biology sciences laboratory of the Marshes Research Center/Thi-Qar University. Sequencing technology was used to detect mutations in SSTR1 gene. The results of the multiple alignment analysis of the sequence of SSTR1 gene indicated the presence of one mutation 264 A>G. The obtained mutation produced three genotypes, namely AA, AG, and GG. The frequency of the...
Yafang Wang1,2,3, Fugui Jiang2,3, Haijian Cheng2,3, Yifan Liu2,3, Chen Wei2,3, Ce Liu2,3 and Enliang Song1,2,3*
...days (P = 0.084) and average daily gain (P = 0.025) increased with increased ASIV. There were no significant differences among treatments on body measurement indexes. Serum blood urea nitrogen levels decreased (P = 0.028) and glucose levels increased (P = 0.029) with increasing ASIV. The average concentrations of CAT (P = 0.0005), GSH-Px (P < 0.0001), and T-SOD (P = 0.013) increased, and MDA (P = 0.006) decreased with inc...

Nazia Haider, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar

...ated spontaneous miscarriages with hematological profile, blood group and age. This case-control study was conducted at the laboratories of Zoology department The Women University Multan and the Department of Hematology, Nishter Hospital Multan, from June 2016 to Dec 2019. A total of 500 participants, 300 with spontaneous abortion and 200 healthy pregnant controls in first trimester of pregnancy were included in this study. ...
Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Raazia Tasadduq2, Jane B. Lian3, Janet L. Stein3, Gary S. Stein3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
...d RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line as osteoclast precursors, and resveratrol (RSV) as a standard for its anti-osteoclast activity. Upon RANK-L induction of RAW264.7 cells to differentiate into osteoclasts, we found 10ng/ml CQ-H as most efficacious concentration for inhibiting osteoclastogenesis with 57.8% inhibition of TRAP activity. Whereas, in comparison 20ng/ml RSV showed 49.9% inhibition of TRAP activity. Expression of osteoclast marker genes such as N...

Yunilas1*, Muheri Indra Aja Nasution2, Edhy Mirwandhono1, Adi Fathul Qohar3 

... between organic acid dosage and fermentation time for chitin. Using a mixture of organic acids at a dose of 9% and a fermentation time of 15 days resulted in the highest reduction in chitin content from 18.05% to 11.60% (a decrease of 35.74%). 

 

...

Khalid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1,2, Muhammad Adeeb Babar3 and Muhammad Asim4

...water deposits having an age that spans 18.0-0.6 Ma. The new material recovered from the Dhok Ban Ameer Khatoon (Chinji Formation) and Sethi Nagri (type locality of the Nagri Formation) is assigned to Sansanosmilus rhomboidalis based on the morphology of canine. The recovered material is unique and rare in the Siwaliks of northern Pakistan. It also increases the stratigraphic range of this barbourofelines species from the Chinji Formation to the Nagri Formatio...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Mika Tania Sidabutar, Liman, Arif Qisthon 

...Brahman cross cows (n=9) aged 8-12 months. The study utilized a randomized block design (RBD) with three treatments and three groups. The treatments administered were as follows: P0: 80% basal feed + 20% corn cobs without ammonia (0% urea), P1: 80% basal feed + 20% ammoniated corn cobs (2.5% urea), and P2: 80% basal feed + 20% ammoniated corn cobs (5% urea). The variables observed included body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and income over fe...

Salma Jameel Askar 

...eceived a single oral dosage of (0.1ml/100gm ) B.W. for six weeks. Red blood cells count, platelets counts, packed cell volume (PCV) percentages, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, clotting times, levels of uric acid and liver enzymes were analyzed. RBCs, platelets, PCV%, and Hb concentration all decreased significantly at in the G2 compared to G1 while clotting time, serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen levels, and liver e...

Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*

...son (P=0.02) but not the age (P=0.59), BCS (P=0.65) or breed (P=0.97) of the animal. Different types of therapeutics were used for the treatment of reproductive disorders in goats, including nutritional supplements (62.68%, 173/276) that were commonly prescribed for treating anestrous. A combination of antibiotics and uterine lavage was predominantly prescribed for treating retained placenta (30.77%, 8/26) while hormonal the...
Muhammad Abdul Mannan1,2, Sharmin Chowdhury2, Md Abul Hashem3,4 and Md. Hazzaz Bin Kabir1,5*
...and minimize economic damage, effective preventative measures should be aimed at high-risk populations and a thorough understanding of the epidemiology is crucial. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goat carcasses in the Chattogram Metropolitan area in Bangladesh. A sample of 400 abomasa (150 from sheep and 250 from goats) was collected from five different slaughterhouses in the Chat...

Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef and Wafaa Mohamed Abd - El-Hameed El-Nagdi

...ogyne incognita second stage juveniles (J2s). The obtained results revealed that the tested extracts at 10% caused 100% nematode mortality at 72 h of exposure followed by the other concentrations with the percentages of net mortality ranging from 49 at the lowest concentration of mashed leaves to 100% at the highest concentration of mashed leaves and flowers. Under screen house conditions, the same plant parts of khella as r...

Zhipeng Song1,2, Jialiang Xin1,3, Xiaoli Wei1,2, Abula Zulipiya1,3, Kadier Kedireya1,2 and Xinmin Mao1,3*

... appropriate drugs by gavage. Tissue material was taken after 12 weeks. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of retinal tissue. Cell apoptosis was analysed by TUNEL staining. The expression of retinal proteins was detected by tissue immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA level of VEGF was detected by RT-qPCR. In the in vitro experiments, cell viability was detected by CCK-8 re

Bilal Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Masood Rabbani2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Muhammad Awais1, Sohail Ahmad3 and Shahan Azeem2*

...the use of antimicrobial agents. This study aimed at preparing and evaluating inactivated polyvalent mastitis vaccines containing bovine origin Staphylococcus aureus (tst), Streptococcus uberis (cpn-60 targeted STUB), and Escherichia coli (aggR) in a rabbit model. Four types of mastitis vaccines viz. formalin-inactivated plain polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FPPV), formalin-inactivated montanide adjuvanted polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FMPV), formalin-inactivated ...

Swagata Das Gupta1, Majharul Islam1, Towhida Kamal2,Md. Rayhan Faruque3,Md. Shohel Al Faruk4* 

...n two pigeons 40 days of age who came to S.A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU).Clinical history indicated that the birds were taking both food and water from the same source, clinical investigations showed greenish diarrhea, and post-mortem studies revealed hepatomegaly, congested heart, and proventriculus, and found nodules in the crop wall as tentative diagnoses. Tropo...

Komal Mukhtar*, Saba Yasin, Husna Ahmad, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi

... 25 male painters in the age range of 23-65 years, persistently engaged in domestic painting were approached. Unpaired student t-test was used for statistical analysis. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in RBC in the painters as compared to the control group. Red cell indices such as HGB, HCT, MCH and MCHC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in painters. On the contrary, PLT, MPV, WBC, LYM and Gran count we...

Tehreem Iqbal1, Roheela Yasmeen1* and Faheem Hafeez2

...its toxic, endocrine, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in living organisms. However, some dietary elements, such as cinnamon is gaining attention as it has antioxidant effects both in vivo and in vitro. The present research study was designed to see the effect of cinnamon against BPA induced Sprague Dawley rats. In the study Sprague Dawley rats of an average 300 gram body weigt were used. The rats were divided into control...

Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1 and Abdur Rahman Ansari1

...rldwide in towns and villages as well as on the banks of rivers. These birds are also kept as pets by the fanciers in the city in small cages. The aim of current study was to determine the parasitic burden in doves through the routine laboratory procedures. The prevalence of Eimeria and Capillaria spp. were recorded as 75% and 25% respectively in district Jhang. Whereas, mixed infection (Eimeria spp. + Capillaria spp.) was n...
Durairaja Ramulu1*, Jawahar Paulraj2, Jayakumar Natarajan1, Sudhan Chandran1 Sudhir Kumar Das3, Suresh Eswaran4, Santhakumar Rajagopal5 and Padmavathy Pandurangan6
...: justify;">Effective management of inland capture fisheries requires information about size, growth and mortality parameters and catch per unit effort. The estimated slope b values for three cyprinids were found to be within the expected range and r2 showed high degree of correlation. The estimated growth parameters of Mirgal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamiltoon, 1832) (L∞ 89.25 cm, K 0.8y-1), Blackspot barb, Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes, 1844) (L&infin...

Fariha Qahar and Muhammad Sayyar Khan*

...ms of approximate percentage damage, under 14% H2O2stress,30-60% of the leaf area turned necrotic in the single overexpression lines compared to 95% damage in the wild-type plants. Whereas, the least amount of damage (10-20%) was observed in the double overexpression lines. When subjected to 24 µM metolachlor, the wild-type leaf discs were fully ne...

Naeem Akhtar1*, Sana Noureen1, Muhammad Asif2, Ahsan Aziz2, Usman Saleem1, Talat Mahmood3, Nadeem Raza4 and Waqas Raza5

...pic scoring. Brix percentage is an important parameter as it is a yield contributing trait. Sugarcane accessions SC12 (23.03%) followed by SC11 (22.91%) attained maximum brix percentage while the least brix value 16% was observed in genotype SC31.SC4 displayed resistant to sugarcane mosaic virus but its yield was very poor as compared to others due to its genetic makeup. SC3 exhibited high disease incidence, having less brix...

Aryaf Mahmood Sabea1*, Majida A. Al-Qaiym2 

...ister rats of 3-4 months aged were equally and randomly divided into 5 groups except the control, which contains 8 rats. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were subjected to hypothyroidism by oral intubation of 0.02% Methimazole daily for 4 weeks. Treatments of 3rd with Sc-SeNPs (0.1mg selenium /kg/ day) as T1, 4th with Levothyroxine (0.9 µg/100g BW/day) as T2, 5th with SC-SeNPs (0.1mg selenium /kg/ day)+ Levothyroxine (0.9 µg/100g BW/day) as T3, in...

Azam Khurshid1*, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1, Hafiz Muhammad Faisal Ayub2, Farooq Muhammad1, Fida Muhammad Khan3 and Adnan Ihsan1

...uture IPM programs to manage the whitefly and jassid population effectively. 

...

Mustafa M. Khalaf*, Rana A. Salih 

...nces, including liver damage associated with oxidative stress, its therapeutic usage is restricted. The most potent antioxidant among flavonoid chemicals is quercetin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of quercetin against cyclophosphamide. An explanation of quercetin’s hepatoprotective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-eight male Westar rats (that weighed 200&nda...
Mohamed I. El-Katcha1, Mosaad A. Soltan1, Seham M. El-Kassas2*, Mahmoud M. Arafa3, El-Sayed R. Kawarei 3, Karima M. El-Naggar1*
...nificantly increased average egg production, shell composition of calcium and phosphorus % and yolk Cu contents (P > 0.05). In contrast, the organic and Nano-CuO salts reduced egg yolk cholesterol contents (P < 0.05). Besides, they caused an interesting reduction of cracked egg percentage (P < 0.05). Additionally, both organic and CuO-NPs increased serum Cu levels, MDA and SOD activities while reduced serum glutathi...
Jaffar Hussain*, Zeenat M. Ali and Syed Farman Ali Shah
...uld create the food shortage. The second-generation yield was comparatively less and from third generation feedstock the process was complicated and expensive. The fourth-generation feedstock produced from genetically modified algae or by artificial photosynthesis in plants to produce the raw material for biodiesel production The fourth generation was not available on commercial scale. The biodiesel produced by esterification (one step) and Transesterification...

Ihab G. AL-Shemmari1*, Ali Hussein Fadhil1, Mohammed Assad S. Alkabi1, Eman Jawad Jabber2 

... greater than the percentage identified by the culture, which was 35 (25.1%). In comparison to the results of the culture test, the polymerase chain reaction test was found to be (89.19%) sensitive, (98.04%) specific, and (95.68%) accurate. However, when compared to the results of the RBT test, the sensitivity was (94.59%), the specificity was (94.12%), and the accuracy was (94.24%). Furthermore, the histological changes of the uterus of the infected ewe exhib...
KHALID JAVED IQBAL1, ARSHAD JAVID2, NOOR KHAN3, IRFAN BABOO4, AHMED ALI5, KASHAF
MOHSIN6, AZRA ANWER7, USMAN ATIQUE8, MUHAMMAD ALTAF9, DILAWAR HUSSAIN10 & ASMA
CHAUDHRY11
...ales. Significant percentage effects were
found with age, profession and education of fish consumers. Percentage
of those fish consumers found to be higher which were with age of <25
(43%), master passed (40%), students (49%). Quality, quantity and
effectiveness of fish consumption were also found to cau...

MAH NOOR KHAN, NABILA ROOHI, BILAL JAVED & MUHAMMAD AMIR IQBAL*

...ation workers) having an age range of 24-45 were recruited from Lahore city. Twenty one (21) healthy controls of the same age range were recruited from University of the Punjab, Lahore. A significant decline (P ≤ 0.05) of T3 was seen in automobile workers as compared with controls. Both, automobiles workshop workers and petrol station workers demonstrated a significant decline of T4 as compared to controls. Mild elevation...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI*, ZULFIQAR ALI & RIDA AHMAD

...The
24-h average values of PM10 exceeded 13 times the WHO limits (50
μg/m3 24-hours mean value for PM10). It was noticed that many
anthropogenic activities like cleaning, cooking, movement of people and
smoking were the principal indoor sources of particulate pollution and
observed to have a significant impact on PM levels. The study is
significant for being the first of its kind, as pr...

MALIK ASIF HUSSAIN

...der penetration of these agents deep. Furthermore, this tolerance also
helps them to survive against immune system, as immune system cells
and other components cannot penetrate through layers of biofilm. This
review paper discusses important aspects of biofilm formation, clinical
importance and the concept of resistance versus tolerance.
...
SAIMA SHARIF*, NIMRA PERVEEN, SHAGUFTA NAZ, TASNIM FARASAT, FARKHANDA MANZOOR,
ASMA ABDUL-LATIF & FARZANA RASHID
...died population. The average calcium intake for the studied
population was 706.66 ± 4.2 mg/d. The average BMI of 22.84 kg/m² was
observed in the studied population. Percentage of calcium deficient (<400
mg/day) obese and overweight subjects was found to be 13%. A
statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.063, p<0.0...

SHEZA AYAZ KHILJI1* ZAHOOR AHMAD SAJID2 & SONIA GHULAM BARI1

...on of effluents at all stages while protein contents increased with the increase in concentration of effluents and with time.

...

MUHAMMAD ASLAM*, ASAD GULZAR, AMINA ASGHAR, MISBAH IRSHAD, ZAHRA NOREEN, SADAF JAVAID, ABRAR HUSSAIN, UMAIR AHMAD & SAMREEN KOUSAR

...floxacin in injection dosage form. The proposed method is free
from expensive solvents, chemicals and time consuming steps and
can be used in quality assurance laboratories of pharmaceutical
industries.
...
ZAHID FAROOQ1, RUQIA BIBI2, IRFAN BABOO3*, KAMRAN ABBAS4, MUHAMMAD SHAHBAZ5, KHALID
JAVED IQBAL6, DILAWAR HUSSAIN7, MUHAMMAD ABRAR8, ASMA CHAUDHRY9 & TANVEER
HUSSAIN10
...v>
good and bad management strategies.
...

KHADIJA SUMMIA*1, ROHEELA YASMEEN*2, ALEEM UN NISA3, SAMIA DJEFFAL4 & TAHIRA JABEEN1

...and their main producing agents are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nomius and Aspergillus parasiticus that are famous for Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2. The present study was conducted to quantify the aflatoxins in bovine feed provided to cattle found in and around Lahore. Total 50 samples were collected from two different localities of Lahore and categorized in two groups: Group A (Raiwind, 30 samples), Group B (Bedian Road, 20 samples). All samples were anal...

SADAF IFTIKHAR1, SAMAN SHAHID2*, MUHAMMAD UMAR HASSAN1 & UBAID ULLAH3

... detection and timely management of CAC.

...

Salam N. Aritonang*, Elly Roza, Rizqan, Winda Habsani 

...nd 19−24 months of age. The research methods used census and survey methods with purposive sampling techniques for determining the research location. We observed variables such as body weight, chest circumference, body length, and shoulder height. Data analysis was carried out descriptively based on arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variance. The result showed that the body weights of male and female buffalo crosses at <6, 7&minu...

Muhammad Syarif Djaya1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Irfan Hadji Djunaidi2 

...d-Alabio laying ducks by age 4-5 months was used in this study. The basal diet was used in this study T0: basal diet, T1: basal diet + 10% lutein, T2: basal diet + 20% lutein, T3 basal diet + 30% lutein, T4 : basal diet + 40% lutein. A completely randomized design was adjusted with five treatments and six replications for each pen, consisting of ten Alabio laying ducks. A general linear model was used in this research to identification a significant effect. T...

Zainab Sattar Ali* , Safa Azhar Razzaq , Layla Hammody Hashem 

... and assessed the percentage of DNA fragmentation. The current study observed damage in this sperms DNA and alteration of histopathological section. In addition reduction the levels of testosterone, inhibin b, FSH and LH hormones in group that ingestion BTSeNPs comparing the remnant groups, also been noted this reduction in above hormones getting worse with time progresses of experimental. In group4 show the propolis was enh...

Shaker B. Al Suwaiegh 

...s. Twenty-four goats average 29.70 ± 1.17 kg body weight (BW) were randomly distributed over four groups. The goats were fed four diets composed of 50.0% concentrates and 50.0% forages. The four diets formulated according to replacement of alfalfa hay with giant reed were control alfalfa hay diet (T1; 50.0% alfalfa hay) and giant reed rations (T2 20.0% alfalfa hay and 30.0% giant reed; T3 10.0% alfalfa hay and 40.0% g...

Nusrat Habiullah1*, Shah Nawaz Kumbar1, Fahmida Parveen Samo1, Shamusuddin Bughio2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Burirah Rehman Talpur1 

...y Japanese quails at the age of about 3 to 4 weeks were divided into six groups viz., A (control group), B (selenium 1.0 mg/L), C (lead acetate 200 mg/L), D (lead acetate 400 mg/L ), E (lead acetate 200 + selenium 1.0 mg/L) and F (lead acetate 400 + selenium 1.0 mg/L). Both selenium and lead acetate were given by adding in the drinking water for 20 days. At the end of experiment, four birds from each group were slaughtered and blood was collected for evaluat...

Abdul Latif Rind1*, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Raza Ali Mangi5, Muhammad Anees Memon6, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani7, Sana Noor8, Zainab Lanjar9, Zahid Ali Mangrio10 and Abdul Wahid Solangi

...according to breed, sex, age, and Taluka. The overall PPR prevalence was found to be 20%, with the highest prevalence rate (50%) observed in Jam Nawaz Ali Taluka and the lowest (7.5%) in Shahdadpur Taluka. The prevalence was higher in goats (30%) than in sheep (10%). Female animals had a higher prevalence than males, with a prevalence of 25% in female goats and 7% in female sheep. The prevalence in male goats and sheep was 5% and 3%, respectively. The highest ...

Hazrat Usman1, Shakeel Ahmad2*, Salah Uddin3, Humaira Wasila3 and Yasser Durrani4

...orides. The recorded average value ranges for each parameter provided insights into the characteristics of the well water samples. For example, pH values ranged from 6.87 to 7.53, indicating acidity or alkalinity levels. Turbidity, a measure of water clarity, varied from 0.5100 NTU to 45.633 NTU. Electric conductivity fell within the range of 261.00 µS/cm to 614.67 µS/cm, reflecting the water’s ability to conduct electricity. Total hardness e...

Muhammad Ashfaq ur Rahman1*, Saleem Khan1, Aurang Zeb1, Zia ud Din1 and Zafar Iqbal3 

...g 15 participants on average. Nutritional counseling sessions were provided to patients in the nutrition therapy groups in order to urge them to follow one of nine pre-tailored diets designed to meet the nutrient needs of the group. They were also given food that contained the targeted nutrient(s). Control patients did not participate in these sessions and did not get food rations. Weight fluctuations were among the results of the study. Weight was recorded at...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed1,3 and Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,4

...proaches. Stakeholder engagement, partnerships, and capacity-building initiatives are crucial for effective collaboration and resource optimization. Addressing research gaps, including socio-economic impact assessments, intervention effectiveness evaluations, cultural and contextual considerations, analysis of different production systems, and exploration of the intersection of animal welfare and zoonotic disease prevention, is necessary for evidence-based dec...

Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Saqib2*, Abid Rashid3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Khushal Khan Kasi5, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab2, Muhammad Azam Kakar5, Heinrich Neubauer1 and Mudassar Iqbal6*

...ipants with >40 years age, livestock contact, poor socioeconomic group and no raw milk consumption. All variables didn’t show statistical significance by Fischer’s exact test. Further epidemiological studies and awareness programs are recommended. Based on the results and review of the literature, the authors urge to consider higher age ≥40 years, direct contact and raw milk intake as risks for the infectio...

Muhammad Umar Farooq1, Kashif Ishaq1*, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1, Tanveer Ahmad1, Jamil Akbar1, Asim Fraz2, Sara Naeem1 and Aansa Latif1

... Beetal kids with an average weight of 20±2 kg and approximately 6 months old were randomly selected and kept for 85 days including 15 days of an adjustment period. There were two phases of the experiment. During the restriction phase; the animals were divided into three groups i.e. T1=feeding @2% of body weight (BW), T2=feeding @3% of BW, and T3=feeding @4% of BW. In the re-alimentation phase; all the animals were fed ad-libitum. The animals were kept ...

Shakirat Bolatito Ibrahim1, Raheem Olatunji Aminu1,2*, Aisha Olushola Arowolo1 and Adams Sanusi Musa1

...cultivated land. The average distance of the sampled households to public and private hospitals in the study area is 2.33km and 0.88km. Most households consume cereals, roots, and tubers. As indicated by the household dietary diversity score, 85.64% of households showed a high level of dietary diversity. The food expenditure data shows that food insecurity affected 59% of households, with levels of severity and depth of food insecurity of 0.27 and 0.19, respec...
Fariha Javaid1*, Zahoor Qadir Samra1, Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi1,2, Aroosha Hussain1 and Gulnaz Pervaiz1
...stem samples. The percentage yield of BRM was determined in the range of 60 to 93 % from these waste parts of the plant. This study achieved 4, 6, and 7-fold purification for leaf, peel, and stem BRM, respectively. This study showed positive results for utilizing affinity-purified BRM enzyme in the laundry and detergent industry due to its stability in different detergents and destaining properties.

...

Erni Damayanti1, Herry Sonjaya2*, Sudirman Baco2 and Hasbi Hasbi2

...s grouped based on the stage of development, each of which was re-cultured for 48 h. After that, its development was re-evaluated and H2O2 measurements were taken. The 2-cell embryo was not able to reach the morula, while stage 4-, 8- and 16-cell were able to develop to the morula stage as much as 6(9.83%), 5(12.83%) and 4(25%), respectively. The concentration of H2O2 in each group of cell...

Baoxuan Nong1,2, Biqiu Wu3, Anlong Xu2, Wenai He2 and Yongfu Qiu2*

...ffectively limit pest damage. In this study, fourteen varieties of rice were surveyed for insect resistance by assessing growth rates via seedbox screening, feeding activity via measurements of honeydew excretion, and insect development by counting the number of hatched nymphs. Two resistance varieties N22 and OB677 were crossed with susceptible line 9311 to develop mapping populations, which were applied to map the resistance genes/QTLs. In the results, rice ...

Shafi Muhammad1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza2, Aftab Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq3, Nurul Kabir4 and Hamid Ali1*

...rum levels of IL-17A and age in chronic and fibrotic HCVpatients by ELISA and evaluated different markers that are invloved in the progression of CLDs towards HCC by performing histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques in liver tissues in HCV patients from the southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In addition, the network of IL-17A and its KEGG pathway related gene IDs were constructed using GeneMANIA and STRING online web tools. I...

Sidra Mumtaz1, Sidra Arshad1, Rizwan Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Usman Rashid2 and Naila Malkani1*

... expression in various stages of tumor formation in breast tissue. However, their use as a prognostic factor is not very clear. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to analyze their aberrant expression in breast tumorigenesis. A thorough literature search was performed and 73 relevant studies were identified which were further scrutinized and finally 26 studies covering 4553 subjects were included for analysis. A random effect model was applied and correla...

Sha Li1,2, Yacheng Hu1,2, Wenjing Li3, Wei Su1,2 and Wei Jiang1,2*

...rmation for research, management, and conservation of the middle Yangtze River ecosystem.

...

Jaweria Iqbal1, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf2, Muhammad Faheem Jan3, Waqas Raza4*, Waqas Liaqat5, Ikram ul Haq6, Amna Jamil7, Sameer Ahmed1, Amjad Ali2 and Arif Mehmood8

...similarity for ISSR (average 0.92) and EST-SSR (average 0.85) among cotton genotypes. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.25 for ISSR, whereas it was recorded 0.48 for EST-SSRs. Confusion probability (Cj) exhibited a negative association with discriminating power (Dj), while Dj displayed a positive association with PIC. Marker discriminating statistics showed that EST-SSRs have a high expected heterozy...

Getulio A. Barcenas Jr.1* and Luisa Marie I. Barcenas2 

...yledonary and two-leaf stages. The study was laid out in a split-plot randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Results showed significant differences in plant responses wherein the application of GA3 resulted in the longest vine length at the two-leaf stage (3.24 m) and enhanced the staminate flower production. Ethrel enhanced pistillate flower tendency and improves yield when applied at cotyledon st

Al Salihi karima Akool1* , Almas. M. Al-Bayati2, Iman Mousa Khaleel3  

...environments, feeding, stage of lactation, breed, species and diseases of the udder . Moreover, she-camels also shows fluctuating in the lactation length from 9 to 18 months. This study intends to investigate the macro and microscopical features of local Arabian she-camel’s productive and nonproductive mammary glands (SCPMG & SCN-PMG). Sixteen mammary gland samples and its teats ( 8 SCPMG and 8 SCN-PMG) were collected from Al Muthanna abattoir. Gros...

Muhammad Shahid Nisar1*, Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Ghulam Fatima2, Irfan Ahmed4, Khizar Sami Ullah2 and Syeda Amber Hameed2,5

...educing the antibiotic usage in broilers and decreased the environmental pollution and for functional food ingredients, natural antioxidants, antimicrobial compounds and substantially reduce the amount of waste.

...

Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Tehreem Shabbir1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Fatima Yasin1, Humayoun Huma Maqbool1, Aasia Karim3

...atic food is high on the agenda. Feed accounts for 60% of total expenditure in aquaculture. This study was designed to examine the optimal inclusion level of barley meal (BM), competitive plant proteins, as a fishmeal replacer in the formulation of diets, to evaluate its effects on the carcass composition, immunity, and mineral absorption in common carp. Six experimental diets using BM as an alternative protein source containing different graded levels of BM (...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1,2, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid3, Naunain Mehmood4

...t can cause extensive damage to maize crop. We determined the effectiveness of various insecticides against S. frugiperda and their ability to deter feeding. Radiant and voliam flexi had the highest mortality rates of 95.0% and 91.7%, respectively, at higher concentrations, while Coragen and Proclaim were moderately effective, with mortality rates ranging from 36.7% to 81.7%. The least effective insecticides were Match and S...

Slamet Widodo1*, Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy1, Teguh Wahyono2, Yeni Widiawati1, Zultinur Muttaqin1

...text-align: justify;">Forage encompasses a diverse range of plants, each possessing its own characteristic physical and biological traits that contribute to its individual ability to adapt, grow, and produce. While some generalizations can be made, it is vital to recognize the quality differences between various plant species and even different cultivated varieties. This   study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between nutrient content, dig...

Mohammed M. Jassim, Mohammed R. Abduljaleel*, Zainab B. Abdulkareem, Noor H. Sanad, Ibrahim M.H. Alrashid

...healing could take advantage of treatments with the SMF.
 
Keywords | Rabbits, Bone fracture, Avian implantation
...

Rokhani Rokhani1, Amam Amam2*, Mochammad Wildan Jadmiko2, Dhimas Yusantoro2

...ines on 1,000 Cattle Village Development Program and Activities for the 2020 Fiscal Year states one of the program’s primary objectives is to increase the cow population in beneficiary locations. Efforts to support the program’s sustainability can be carried out through farmer empowerment in accordance with the Government Regulation Number 6 of 2013. This research aims to examine the effect of farmer empowerment on sustainable livestock development...

Arief1*, Roni Pazla2

...enced by its content. Forage is the main element that forms milk fat. We aimed to enhance the production of FCM (Fat-Corrected Milk) in Etawa crossbreed goats through the use of a mixture of high-quality forages such as Mirasolia diversifolia (Md), Indigofera zoolingeriana (Iz), and Gliricidia sepium (Gs) with palm concentrate (PC). We used a completely randomized design, implementing four treatments with four replicates as ...

Rini Widyastuti1*, Rangga Setiawan1, Nurcholidah Solihati1, Siti Darodjah1, Kundrat Hidajat1, Mochamad Ali Mauludin2, Alkaustariyah Lubis3, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno4, Sigit Prastowo5, Takdir Saili6, Arief Boediono7

...ge about reproductive management practices in traditional dairy goat farming. The study were carried out among Simpay Tampomas Farmers Group in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. The sample population consisted of thirty participants and the reproductive performance of 96 goats was investigated. Sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive knowledge of breeding were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation of the farms. The majori...

Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Abdelaziz Mohamed Elhais2, Ayman Hassan Abd El-Aziz3, Wael Mohamed Wafa1, Mohamed Sobhy Elsayed Farrag2, Moataz Ibrahim Badawy1, Safaa Elsayed Salah Atia2

...es from 7 to 105 days of age as an experimental period. Newborn male calves (n=20) weighing 37.92±0.63 kg were divided into 4 groups, five calves/group. The first group (G1, control) included animals without treatment. During the whole suckling period each animal in G2, G3, and G4 daily received milk supplemented with propolis (5 g), thyme oil (2 ml), or 5 g propolis plus 2 ml thyme oil, respectively. Results showed that animals in fed both propolis and...

Sri Suharyati, Tiwi Aries Pani, Akhmad Dakhlan, Syahrio Tantalo, Kusuma Adhianto*

...ults showed that the average body weight, body length, shoulder height, chest circumference, chest width, chest depth, hip width, and hip height were 43.62±1.08 kg, 62.79±2.76 cm, 62.31±1.57 cm, 75 .74±2.56 cm, 20.39±2.41 cm, 30.54±1.89 cm, 15.93±0.86 cm, 68.35±0.73 cm in single births does and 44.25±1.34 cm, 64.05±2.62 cm, 66.48±1.86 cm, 81.55±1.24 cm, 22.95±1.03 cm, 32...

Lawrence Olusola Oparinde1*, Adewale Isaac Olutumise2,3 and Ademola Adegoroye

...hwest, Nigeria. A multistage selection process was employed to pick 450 arable crop farmers. The collected data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics, probit regression model and Gini coefficient analysis. Findings from this study revealed that the adoption of agroforestry technology increased income inequality among male and female crop farmers. Also, the difference in the income inequality level between adopters and non-adopters of agroforestr...

Siddique Ahmad1*, Basit Ullah1, Sajid Ali2, Ali Zaid1, Zeeshan Ahmad3, Muhammad Usaid1, Muhammad Zeeshan1 and Saif Ullah3

...t before sowing to encourage microbial action necessary for manure decomposition, while half N was applied at sowing time and half after seven days of sowing with first irrigation. Statistical analysis was done combined over bio-aab. The principle beneficial microorganisms (BM) in bio-aab contain photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. These BM produced useful substances such as amino acids, nucleic acids, lactic acid, bioactive substances, ho...

Sona Salem El-Nwehy1*, Assem Abbas Mohammed El-Naggar2 and Adel Badr El-Nasharty1

...ining the highest percentage of increase, especially in the following traits: leaf area, Days to first floret opening, Fresh weight of florets/spik, new corm diameter, new corm fresh weight, chlorophyll and the content of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn in leaves. It was concluded that using 2% EM1 in combination with either 75 percent or 100 percent NPK significantly improved yield and growth, as well as improved quality, because of increasing bio-N, P, and K product...

Muhammad Raza Salik1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1,2*, Ayesha Komal3, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah4, Faheem Altaf5, Akbar Hayat1 and Hira Tariq1

...ata such as juice percentage, TSS, acidity and TSS/acid ratio were also not affected by variation in plant to plant and row to row spacing. Overall, it can be concluded from these data that reduced plant spacing in citrus such as (10` × 10` and 14` × 14`) might result in poor attributes in some citrus plant and yield characters such as height, canopy, spread and yield. Moreover, chemical parameters of citrus fruit like juice percent

Shiferaw Demissie Tola1, Diriba Muleta2, Fassil Assefa2 and Beira Hailu Meressa1*

...tify;">Predicting the damage caused by certain nematode population densities is crucial in deciding whether or not to cultivate pepper and selecting the most suitable management strategies. To understand the relationship between the initial nematode density (Pi) and the final nematode population (Pf), and the damage potential of Meloidogyne incognita to var. Dinsire, a study was conducted ...

Aamir Shakeel1*, Anwar Ali2, Tahir Iqbal1 and Ziad Raza1

...al processes and land management changes. An expansion of 5.59% was observed in the “Other Land” category, which may involve complex land use changes. The most striking change was a 158.82% increase in settlements, reflecting rapid urbanization and infrastructure development. Wetlands expanded by 4.62%, possibly due to both natural fluctuations and human interventions. These changes signify the intricate interplay between human activities and natur...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...ss and 2% in litter. Average carbon density was estimated as 100 t/ha in the landscape. Mean aboveground carbon density was determined at 33.60 t/ha. In Reserved Forest the aboveground carbon stock is 42.29 t/ha whereas in Guzara Forests, this carbon is 27.20 t/ha. Similarly, belowground carbon stock in the landscape was estimated as 9.74 t/ha. Litter carbon was estimated as 1.97 t/ha and organic soil carbon was estimated at 55.47 t/ha. Carbon density is highe...

Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad 

... related research and management. Several models of nematodes have been applied to characterize their possible spatial and temporal distribution patterns. These models can provide several advantages such as determining sample size optimization and nematode transformation counts necessary to meet assumptions for parametric statistical analysis. Basically, they can help in unraveling the complexities of ecosystem dynamics into...

Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1*, Hassan Abd- El-Khair2, Usama S. Elkelany1, Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Mona G. Dawood3

...rens (Tvr) as antifungal agents individually or combined with pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PP) on M. incognita infesting potato cv. Spunta. Based on the percentages juvenile reduction in soil at harvest time, the combined treatments of Tv or Tvr with PP recorded 66.8 or 60.5% nematode reductions, respectively, as each fungal agent was applied in soil before planting. However, such red...

Muhammad Salman1*, Naveed Ahmed2, Mir Manzar Ud Din3, Fazli Amin4 and Arsalan Ali5

...owth and developmental stages of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) C-21 strain by feeding different mulberry varieties and its effect on their cocoon characters during spring and autumn silkworm rearing seasons 2022. The study comprised of thirty number of larvae and cocoons of Chinese C-21 strain. The parameters that were studied in the present experiment and recorded were weight of full-grown larvae (1.4-3.6 gm), length of larvae (49-67 mm), cocoon weight w...

Wisit Ketpanyapong1, Kulisara Marupanthorn2*

... successful boar herd management. Oxidative stress, nutritional imbalances, and inflammation can impair boar fertility and semen quality. We investigated the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) supplementation on blood parameters, serum antioxidant status, and sperm quality in 24 Duroc boars at 1.0-1.5 years. The boars were randomly divided into four groups of three replicates each and their feed was supplemented with MOLE at concentrations of 0, 10...

Ferry Lismanto Syaiful1*, Jaswandi Jaswandi2, Mangku Mundana2, Ilham Ilham2, Novirman Jamarun1, Efrizal Efrizal3

...ean seeds on multiple dosages in the growing seeds tests for the accuracy, sensitivity, and phases of local buffalo pregnancy, and detecting buffalo pregnancy quickly, massively, and cheaper. The object of this study was 40 local buffalo post-AI with the criteria of BCS ≥3 and 2-3 parturition. The research medium used was green bean seeds. Then use urine and water samples. The urine samples used in this study were 120 samples. The dos<...

Retno Setyaningsih1, Sri Murtini2*, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2, Ekowati Handharyani3

...nique. The informations (age, sex, breed) of antibody titers against RHDV from previous study is used for samples profiling. The results showed all samples negative for RHDV antigen with average value ±0.04 (positive cut off >0.334). Seroconversion of RHDV from all seven villages where most seroconversion are showed by samples from young rabbits compare to adult rabbits, female r...

Roberto Gallegos-Acero1, Ali William Canaza-Cayo2,4*, Francisco Halley Rodríguez-Huanca1, Rubén Herberht Mamani-Cato3, Abigail de la Cruz1, Júlio Sílvio de Sousa Bueno Filho4 

...c structure such as: average inbreeding coefficient (F), average relatedness coefficient (AR), the effective numbers of founders (), effective number of ancestors (), generation interval (GI) and the pedigree completeness, the ENDOG program v.4.8 was used. The F and AR were 0.06% and 0.40%, respectively, The number of ancestors that gave rise to the reference population was 288, the for the reference population was 132. The...

Abd-Alfattah Abd-Alhamid Alderey1, Nabila Elsaid Mahmod El-Kassas1, Eman Said El-Hadad1*, Manal Hamdy Gomaa1, Eman Ashour Hussein2  

...d from 28 to 40 weeks of age, growth performance and egg production of hens were determined, and blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical assays. Results showed significant (P<0.001) increase in feed intake with all SOP diets compared with controls. Feed conversion ratio was improved (P<0.05) in response to feeding hens on the diet containing SOP15%+E compared to control. Number, daily mass, and production rate of eggs were increased (P...

Ahmed Al-Hasnawi*, Wafaa Kadhim Jasim

...s azathioprine’s usage in our environment grew quickly, it became important to assess their toxicity, The goal of the current investigation was to determine if aloe vera extract had any protective effects against the hematological and histopathological alterations brought on by azathioprine. animals are evenly divided into four categories: (G1) group: were received distilled water. (G2) group: were administrating azathioprine (50mg/kg. b. w). (G3) group:...

Aeni Nurlatifah1, Anita Hafid1, Pradita Iustia Sitaresmi1, Santoso Santoso1, Rahma Isatirna Anwar1, Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya1, Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum1, Nurul Azizah1, Dimar Sari Wahyuni1, Herdis Herdis1, Florentina Bety Indah Lupitasari1, Desiana Ade Mahari1, Muhammad Rizal2

...ghest (P<0.05) percentage of motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, and intact plasma membrane. The NEZ group showed better results (P<0.05) than the NEZ group in maintaining motility, viability, and membrane integrity. The research concluded that the administration of NEZ at a dose of 20 mg/100 ml extender and EZ treatment at 50 mg/100 ml extender represents the optimal dose to preserve sperm quality until day four...

Lukmanhy1*, Enny Yuliani1, I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa1, Lalu Ahmad Zaenuri1, Mardiansyah2

...ang goats at 5°C storage. Semen samples were collected twice a week from a 2-year-old Kacang goat using an artificial vagina. The study design consisted of three treatments; T0, T1, T2 and T3, consisting of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20 % of sugarcane juice, respectively. The measured parameters included progressive motility, viability, and abnormalities of spermatozoa. The data obtained were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’...

Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna

...The feed provided was forage and concentrate with a rate of 10% of the cow’s body weight. Cattle were intensively reared in a semi-permanent housing system. Disease prevention has been done well, especially to handled worm diseases. The average income of farmers from livestock early was only IDR 4,677,545 or IDR 389,795/month. This income does not cover the daily needs of the farmer’s family, and as a result farm...
Rusli Tonda1, Lili Zalizar1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, David Hermawan1, Damat Damat1, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile2, Irum Iqrar3, Trias Agung Pakarti4,5, Shazma Anwar6 and Wirawan Wira7
 
 
...g countries, with an average of 12 × 106 t yr–1. After being processed, organic waste is highly potential to contribute to animal farming, and “aking rice” is one such product. After cleaning and rinsing, rice remains are sundried to reach a water content of < 14 %. However, no literature or findings are yet to discover whether “aking rice” is palatable for poultry. Therefore, this study is focused o...

Abir Ishtiaq1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Maria Younas1, Tasveer Ishtiaq1, Zara Naeem3 and Muhammad Naeem4*

...eight basis, mean percentage for water, protein, fat and ash was found 74.70±0.76%, 16.92±0.66%, 4.60±0.16% and 3.78±0.12%, respectively, in H. nobilis. Highly significant (P<0.001) positive correlation was observed between fish size (weight and total length) and various body constituents of the fish. Positive allometry for all the studied constituents was found except for log total water content which represented negative allome...

Tanvir Hussain1,2*, Kafeel Ahmad2, Muhammad Bilal Zia1, Hammad Uddin1, Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Inamulla Khan3 and Said Akhtar Khan1

...rved. The highest percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB=82.61%), observed number of alleles (na=1.82), effective number of alleles (Ne=1.34), Shannon index (S=0.33) and Nei,s genetic diversity ( He=0.21) were scored for ANP (Ayubia National Park) population whereas the lowest (PPB=60.87%; na= 1.60; Ne=1.214; S=0.2290; He=0.1413) were found in BOR (Bomborate) population. This revealed that the greatest genetic diversity existed in moist temperate forests compare...

Saman Rizwan and Sohaib Aslam* 

... in different residue management strategies would help in refilling the soil nutrient pools, enhance soil organic matter levels, protect soils against erosion and improve water retention. This research was conducted in laboratory-controlled conditions using maize residues and a loamy soil from a sugarcane field to determine carbon mineralization patterns. Two different residue management practices were chosen for this study;...

Afshan1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Tahira Tayyab1, Fatima Syed3, Raheela Taj3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Syed Weqas Ali7 and Assad Ullah8 

...h causes free radical damage and imbalance of thyroid functions. The research experiment was performed to check the effect of orally inorganic selenium on the redox status and thyroid hormones of broilers under dexamethasone induce stress. Day old 100 chicks were purchased from trading hatchery and divided randomly into five different groups having four replicates (n=5) in each group. Broiler chickens feed with starter and finishing commercial corn based basal...

Ikramullah and Inayatullah Jan*

...stify;">On-farm water management (OFWM) is one of the major components of FATA Water Resources Development Project (FWRDP) working in different areas of the erstwhile FATA. This study examines the transformative effect of on-farm water management on expansion of irrigated land in the newly merged district Bajaur. This study is based on household data collected through a pre-tested questionnaire from 120 farming households. P...

Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Tahir1, Samreen Nazeer2*, Muhammad Zubair Akram3*, Muhammad Arslan Azmat1 and Sabina Asghar4

... agriculture and crop management. This study investigated the response of fourteen different wheat plant varieties to root knot nematode and their impact on plant growth parameters. Impact of morphological plant characters on galling population and egg mass index was assessed. Results revealed that Ujala-16 yielded best crop stands with plant height (92.79 cm), root weight (0.94 g), tillering capacity (12.4), grain count per spike (49.7), grain weight (42.0 g)...

Muhammad Mukhtar*, Syamsul Bahri, Syahruddin 

...ht and leaf blade percentage and (3) nitrogen uptake. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on growth and biomass production, and a significant effect (P<0.05) on nitrogen uptake. The highest yield for plant height growth reached 446 cm and the growth of tiller number reached 39 tillers. The highest yield in the production of fresh matter weight was 40 kg/m2 and dry matter weight was 688.2 gr/m2. The highest leaf bl...

Ehtesham Khan, Talha Ahmed, M. Irfan Anis* and Syed Ahsan Rehman

...Pakistan like water shortage, pest or insects, flood etc. The system is used to cultivate high quality crops while gathering continuous data and use this data to further improve the quality and production. Sensors are used for the continuous monitoring of temperature, humidity and light Intensity. These sensors data is updated every minute (up to user) to achieve real-time monitoring of the plant’s environmental conditions. There is also an incorporation...

Hafiz Nawaz1*, Kashaf Nawaz2, Attiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Bashir3, Mussera Hira2 and Mariyam Nawaz4

...cause little economic damage, while some do. Thus, mungbean viral traits, differentiating features, and dispersion must be studied critically. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Disease (MYMD) is a whitefly-transmitted viral disease. Infected plants have uneven yellow-green spots. Diseased plants develop late and produce few flowers and pods. MYMD causes 85% of economic losses. Begomovirus is a Begomovirus. DNA-A and DNA-B make up its single-stranded genome. The virus&rsq...

Fateh A. Badi*, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, Naif Al-Gabri 

...ken groups around 3 week age each group contain 10 chicken was divided randomly. First group was feed with (2g/ Kg feed) from Ganoderma lucidium (G group), second group was treated with ( 2g/Kg feed) Origanum vulgare (O Group) in a feed and the third group was treated with mixture of both Ganoderma lucidium and Origanum vulgare with 1gm/Kg from each (GO group) and the fourth group was the control group (C group). The hematological parameter (haematocrit, H...

Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1*, Nurhayati1, Intan Kamilia Habsari1, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari2 

...rs. This amplification stage was carried out three times (as repetition). According to this study, it is known that virulent ND isolates can be amplified with pathotype-specific primers designed by Kant et al. (1997). However, the pathotype-specific primer (nested PCR) developed by Pham et al. (2005) could not amplify these isolates.  

...

Haneen Imad Al-Sultani1*, Ahmed Obaid Hussain1, Hazar Shakir Saleh2 

...osis, congestion, hemorrhage, glomerular degeneration, fatty changes, cysts and vacuoles in the renal tubule cells and lymphocytic infiltration in the kidney tissue with gradual increase in rosuvastatin concentrations 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded in the current study that the use of rosuvastatin in high doses causes nephrotoxicity.   

...

Sajida Batool1, Mubeen Akhtar1, Shafaat Yar Khan1,2*

...isorders in childbearing aged females. This study is designed to compare a few anthropometric, hematological, and biochemical parameters in PCOS patients with that of normal females including correlation between interleukin-3 and blood cell count. Patients with PCOS and normal healthy females (n=60) of same age group were included in this study following Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM criteria. The parameters evaluated were; white and...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Abdullah1, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Saima Hashim1, Shomayela Afzal2 and Khalid Nawab3 

...ms to investigate the management of noxious weed (Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.) in chickpea growing areas of District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. A Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replicates and various weed management practices were implemented. The treatments include; different herbicides (Pendimethalin, dual gold and fenxaprop-p-ethyl), mulches (Black polythene, white polythene and available weed ...

Waqas Ahmad*, Muhammad Naeem

...ern for fish resource managers and need to take constructive steps for its conservation.
 
Novelty Statement | DNA barcode base molecular identification and genetic diversity of N. notopterus evaluated from Satluj, Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi and Indus River of Pakistan through mitochondrial COI gene and RAPD markers reported first time from Pakistan. Low genetic diversity reported in Chenab River matter of co...
Zahir Muhammad1, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1*, Shamim Akhter1, Muhammad Irfan1, Saira Amin1, Yousaf Jamal1, Sharjeel khalid2 and Shakira Ghazanfar2
...W) weight gain (WG), average daily weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR, %), percent % weight gain (% WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Morphometry was also taken for total length (TL); standard length (SL); dorsal fin length (DFL); head length (HL); eye diameter (ED); pectoral fin length (PFL); pelvic fin length (PvFL); anal fin length (AFL), and caudal fin length (CFL). Fish treated with T3 had the highest growth performance indicated by FW (36.0...

Frah R Kbyeh1*, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2 

...ghth adult female rabbit aged (6-8 weeks) and weighing between (1500 and 2000) gm., was randomly divided into six equal groups(8/each) groups injection 0.1 ml in 1 x 109 CFU Escherichia coli 0157: H7 by urinary catheterization route excepting in negative control and all groups resulted in a significant increase in urea creatinine, sodium, Potassium, chloride concentration in the blood after three days comparison with negative control and in all experimenta...

Fatemeh Beheshti1, Maliheh Safavi2, Mohammad Reza Akbari Eidgahi1,3, Parviz Kokhaei4, Mehdi Vazirian5 and  Ali Akbar Shabani1,3*

...tifunctional therapeutic agents is growing. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant capacity of Ipomoea purpurea leaves that grows in Iran as well as the chemical composition of the leaves. Thus, using in vitro established procedures, the antioxidant capacity of organic and aqueous extracts of I. purpurea leaves was assessed. Further, the ethanol and chloroform extracts of I. purpurea leaves were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectro...

Zain Ali1, Amjed Ali1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Muhammad Asif1, Adnan Ashraf1, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Iram Inayat2, Aneela Nijabat3 and Rameez Hussain3,4

...text-align: justify;">Silage is the term used for forage with a high moisture content preserved by fermentation. The main objectives of making silage are to preserve forage for use in those seasons when fresh forage is not available, to preserve forage when there is a surplus of it d...

Waheed Ali Panhwar1*, Mehtab Ali Mahar2 and Abdul Manan Shaikh3

...ies along with digital images are provided for the first time. Hopefully, present study will provide a firm basis for future researchers concerned with this group.

...

Abdul Hayee Gabol1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3, Ghulam Qader Mangrio1 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito4

...es on its biology and management are lacking. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the relative resistance of widely grown hybrid (Rota F1, Early King, G1612, NAGA F1 and T-1057) and local tomato varieties (Desi Local and Shimlo) of Sindh, Pakistan against T. absoluta. All the varieties grown with standard agronomic practices as data on infestation of T. absoluta was taken weekly since the fifteen days of tomato transplanting depending on its charact...

Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul

...randomly irrespective of age, sex, breed and season over the study period, among them 325 case were clinically diagnosed as Lumpy Skin Disease. The overall prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle was 23.38%. The prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease was maximum 33.84% at age of 0-6 months, in compared with 20.00%, 32.30%, 13.84% at age category 6-18 months, 18-36 months, > 36 months respe...

Jasir Hakim Hidayah1,2, Yos Adi Prakoso2, Sitarina Widyarini3* 

...edema, secondary haemorrhage, and perivascular oedema compared to the others. This study proved that calabash can be an alternative therapy against ischemic stroke. In advance, the experimental intoxication of this fruit and its processing product must be elucidated. 

...

Yanmei Wang1,2, Haoyun Li1, Lijuan Han1 and Wenkui Wang1*

...ry worldwide. The macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and related protein and gene expressions in its downstream signal pathways need to be studied to explore the mechanism of MIF participating in PH. In this study, 4-5 weeks broilers with clinical PH were collected as experimental (PH) group, while the healthy broilers were taken as control group. The related mRNA expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions and distributions...

Muhammad Ayub1*, Syed Arif Husain Rizvi2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Musa Ali Hashmi4, Iqbal Hussain5, Shahid Hussain1, Zakir Hussain1 and Rehmat Kabir6 

...stan). Currently, its management relies on the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. The massive use of these synthetic chemical insecticides results in environmental pollution. Therefore, combining integrated pest management strategies is considered a practical approach to control this pest. During 2019-20, the individual and combined effects of cultural control techniques including soil racking, egg burning, and egg remo...

Hassan Anwar1, Talha Anwar2, Khurram Muaz­3, Muhammad Riaz4* and Rabia Anwar5

...atistical analysis and image analysis. Statistical significance results are achieved using MANOVA. The image analysis for texture revealed similar results as those observed for chapatis made from similar flour. Our image analysis also proved the gluten’s sticky binding property, i.e., filling the porous structure of chapatis.

...

Aniqa Nasir1, Rashid Masih1, Shazma Massey1*, Laiba Arshad2, Sabi Ur Rehman2, Irva Waqar1 and Anwar Khalid3

... world, non-adherent bandages are essential for reducing the pain and discomfort of people after surgery. In the present study, Cydonia oblonga mucilage was used to prepare non-adherent wound dressing and its stability is determined by thermal analysis by using advanced isoconversional method. Isoconversional method is used to determine kinetic triplet including activation energy, pre-exponential factor and mechanism of ther...

Saboor Naeem and Amjad Usman*

...se an integrated pest management strategy against brinjal fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis. For this purpose, seven commercially available brinjal genotypes viz. Nutech Seeds, Durga Seeds, F1 Hybrid Brinjal, Brinjal Malni, Bharat Kaveri F1, Advanta 303 and Black long were tested for resistance/ susceptibility against L. orbonalis in spring and autumn brinjal crop under natural field conditions during 2020, Experiment was carried out under randomized complete ...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Muhammad Talha Shoaib1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Umair Safdar2 and Hassan Raza2

...ganizations should encourage adoption of biological control measures among farming community and regular training workshops should be organized regarding safe handling and application of pesticides.

...

Khanitta Pengmeesri1,2* Thassawan Somchan1 , Doungnapa Promket1,3 

...randomly selected per 5 cages and slaughtered. Post-carcass dressing, breast and thigh sections were hermetically sealed and stored at -30°C for four weeks, followed by thawing at 4°C for 24 hours. The assessment covers thaw, cooking, and drip losses, along with shear force measurements. Muscle fibers in the breast and thigh were studied via Scanning Electron Microscopy. Using a Completely Randomized Design, meat quality records underwent analysis with...

Muhammad Farooq Bhatti1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Aamir Ali1, Hooria Ashraf Khan1, Rabia Fajar Ali2, Ayesha Muzamil1, Fariha Munir3, Fatima Ijaz1, Rizwan Khurshid3

...is a labor intensive cottage industry that has great potential for poverty alleviation. In Pakistan, the farming community so far has not identified the specific race suitable for the specific climatic zones of Pakistan in terms of yield, performance and adaptability. The current study was conducted to find out the optimum hatching and rearing conditions of three silkworm races (Chinese, Bulgarian and Pakistani) and to compare their biological and economic tra...

Cahya Alamsyah Putra Anugerah1*, Ita Krissanti1, Diky Ramdani2 

...d BSH crossbred. The average body weight, body length, heart girth, chest width, wither height, and shoulder width were 19,72±3,77 kg, 42,5±6,36 cm, 59±5,65 cm, 15,25±0,75 cm, 43,5±2,5 cm, and 14,5±0,5 cm for does, and 30,05±1,20 kg, 47,5±0,5 cm, 73±2 cm, 20,5±1 cm, 52,5±6 cm, and 20,5±0,5 cm for bucks respectively. All goats were infested with helminth eggs at mild in goats I ...

Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba M.S. Ibrahim 

...n; 50 g at six months of age will be randomly divided into three groups, each containing six rats. Groups 2 and 3 were treated daily for 14 days from the day of Freund’s adjuvant injection with SaZnONPs and piroxicam at doses 2.5 and 5 mg/kg B.W., respectively, while (Group 1) was positive control. Blood samples were obtained using cardiac puncture at three time points during the experiment: at the beginning (zero time) and on the 12th and 21st day. Thes...

Kanda Yanuar Muhamad1,3, Trioso Purnawarman2, Chaerul Basri2* 

...lly introduce pathogenic agents and facilitate their spread in Indonesia. The knowledge and awareness of importers and traders play a crucial role in mitigating the emergence of such potential risks. This research aimed to assess the level of knowledge among importers and sellers of reptiles concerning diseases that may be transmitted by these animals. A survey was conducted involving 113 employees working in reptile import and sales businesses all around Indo...

Zakia Panhwar1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano2, Shafique Ahmed Memon3, Naimatullah Koondhar4, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1

...acy and mortality percentage. All the essential oils showed pesticidal potential with orange and lemongrass found to be more effective in causing mortality of both male and female C. maculatus, whereas the peppermint and eucalyptus were found to be more repellent. The pesticidal potential of all oils increased with increasing doses and exposure timings. Maximum mortality and repellency of females after 48 h was recorded in orange oil (100.00±0.00%) and ...

Syed Nouman shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Midrar Ullah2, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Kabir1,3*, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...ungi that contaminate silage, a common livestock feed. Mycotoxin contamination poses significant risks to animal health and performance, affecting various physiological systems and functions. This paper aims to review the current literature on mycotoxin occurrence, effects, and management in silage and identify effective strategies to ensure animal health, productivity, and minimize econom...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Ali Zachi Abdul Qadeer Alhilifi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Tehniyat Naz Shah3 and Touseef Ahmed1

...ced. The survival percentage was 100% on D3. The difference (P<0.05) was much noticeable in early larval stages from L1 to L3. The overall larval duration was maximum 18.2±0.23 days on D1. The maximum larval and pupal weight were 491.1±19.41 mg and 261± 10.19 mg on Diet 2. In last, the highest oviposition period was 5.7±0.10 days found on D2. The maximum number of egg masses 23.11± 2.5 w...

Sidra Hafeez1, Tayyaba Sanaullah2, Hafsa Naeem3, Mah Noor Hassan4, Muttalib5, Farhana Kausar6, Muhammad Salman Hameed7*, Muhammad Anayat Ullah8, Abdul Samad9, Memoona Bashir10 and Sadaf Shabbir11

... against disease causing agents like bacteria, fungi etc. Black rot is a serious disease in pumpkin caused by fungus (Didymella bryoniae) and damaged fruit with the symptoms of dark brown lesions but causal organism identification through DNA is still unknown. We collected infected leaf from C. pepp from the vicinity of The University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and isolated D. bryoniae on the respective media. Then morpholog...

Hafsa Saeed, Soumble Zulfiqar, Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*

...ted metal uptake and storage ability. Having amplified and cloned zntR gene, expressed and purified ZntR protein showed binding with zntA promoter. Increased transcripts of zntR in the presence of metal ions revealed its metal inducible nature. The molecular dynamics simulation and protein-metal ion docking studies of the K. pneumoniae ZntR protein are being reported for the first time.

...

Ying Chen1, Chao-Zheng Li2, Zhun Yu3, Jia Zhou4, Yan Xu4, Zhe Lin4, He Lin4* and Xiao-Wei Huang4*

...mprove the structural damage of rat myocardial tissue. The expression levels of HO-1, NQO1 and Nrf2 protein in rat myocardial tissue were up-regulated. In conclusion, VAP can improve the structural damage of rat myocardial tissue, improve the antioxidant activity of myocardial, and reduce oxidative stress injury. The relevant mechanism may be related to the regulation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in rat myocardial tissue by...
Hina Mumtaz, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arshad, Arif Mehmood and Muhammad Qasim
...h 2019 causing severe damage to maize crop. As a new pest, there is little information available on its susceptibility to insecticides in Pakistan. We evaluated selective synthetic insecticides with different modes of action to control S. frugiperda larvae in the laboratory as well as under semi-field and field conditions. All insecticides performed well in controlling S. frugiperda larvae under laboratory conditions. Though, chlorantraniliprole @ 50 mL/100L (...

Shamsher Ali* and Naheed Baloch

...ight loss, and insect damaged grain. The results show the maximum mortality 62.0% of R. dominica and 34.3% of T. granarium at a 6ml/L concentrations of C. colocynthis. While lower mortality 1.8% and 5.2% were recorded at 3ml/L concentrations of C.gigantea. Whereas, weight loss and insect damage to grain were observed higher 28.3% 27.6% when wheat grains were treated with C. colocynthis on both pests. However, miminum weight ...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Tariq Usman4, Bilques Bano5, Nazia Rubab6, Syed Tasadak Mehdi7, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal8, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar9, Hira Hameed10

...s of A. indica at the dosage of 2 g/kg of body weight,  levamisole HCL at the dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg and 3.0% oxyclozanide BP (vet), 1.5 levamisole hydrochloride BP (vet) and 0.382% cobalt sulphate in combination were administered orally to the cattle naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. The study design also included infected but un-medicated and uninfected and un-medicated controls.  Faecal egg count reduction and la...

Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3

...es of different growth stages of rice, including tillering stage (TS), jointing stage (JS), heading stage (HS) and mature stage (MS) were collected to analyze the impact on the community composition, diversity and functional potentialities of the rhizosphere bacterial in the coupled rice-crab system were investigated t...

Rudhy Gustiano1*, Iskandariah Iskandariah2, M.H. Fariduddin Ath-Thar1, Gleni H. Huwoyon4 and Deni Radona3

... and early development stage are needed. This paper will describe the result of studies on phenotype, genotype and early development of snakeskin gourami from nine populations in Indonesia; Jambi, South Sumatra, and Lampung( Sumatra), West Java, Central Java and East Java (Java) and West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan (Kalimantan) were carried out. The results showed that the highest intra-population similarity index value from sharing com...
Zhi Qiang Gao*, Dan Dan Zhang, Qin Gmei Qin, Xiu Xiu Li, Li Li, Yan Zhong Xue and Shifeng Guo
...ical manifestations like age of seizure, operative age, duration and absence of seizures after surgery. To conclude, PSEN1 E280A mutation is present in GNTs seizures patients, and greatly associated with multiple types of seizures and gender. The requirement of larger sample studies and long-term follow-up is implemented for further confirmation.

...

Ashfaq Hussain1, Javed Khan2, Ammara Blouch3, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Ashraf Khan4,5* and Zaheer Sikandar6

...ity was highest at egg stage, making it the most vulnerable stage in the beetle’s life cycle, followed by 1st instar larval stage, which also showed higher mortality. The maximum survival fraction was observed for pre-pual and fourth instar larvae, while the minimum was found for the egg stage. Mortality survival ratio (MSR) was found to be maximum...

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...cepts, and the varying stages of their social transformations, as they occupy an essential role in the process of development and economic and social development in all countries of the world, for their great role in employment. The study aims to know the role of small agricultural projects in developing the capabilities and competence of rural youth in Anbar Governorate through nine regions that represent the focus of capacity development. The research was co...

Nguyen Huu Van1*, Nguyen Thi Mui1, Dinh Van Dung1, Van Ngoc Phong1, Tran Ngoc Long1, Le Tran Hoan1, Le Duc Thao1, Vo Thi Minh Tam1, Ngo Mau Dung1, Bui Van Loi1, Nguyen Xuan Ba1, Ton Nu Minh Thi2, Nishino Naoki2

...concentrate) as a percentage of live weight on dry matter basis. Fifteen lambs (three of each treatment) were slaughtered at the end of the experiment (90th day). The results indicated that dry matter intake (%DM/kgLW) and daily gain weight (DGW) of the animals increased linearly as concentrate level increased in the diet. The average DGW of the animals was significantly higher in treatments 3.0% and 2.25% (161.3g/day and 11...

Abida Mushtaque1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Aamir Ghafoor1*, Wasim Shehzad2 and Nadeem Ahmad3

...m-negative, small, non-flagellated, pleomorphic coccobacillus. It does possess different types of outer membrane proteins (OMP’s) which assist in interaction with host cells. The outer membrane protein H (OmpH) of Pasteurella multocida B:2 is a major transmembrane porin that can be used as a subunit vaccine and development of diagnostic kit against hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) because of its immunogenic nature. Pasteurella multocida has economic importanc...

Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*

...wed potential as control agents against P. sinica. This study provides insights for identifying safe and biodegradable insecticides and potential solutions for controlling P. sinica.

...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim3, Imad-ul-Din Zangi4
... The model showed an average Area Under the Curve value (AUC) (0.802), showing the model precision for suitable habitat mapping. The analysis for the contribution of environmental variables through Jackknife test showed that temperature was the prime environmental variable. Results revealed that out of total, 4388 km2, 406.03 km2 area was calculated to be highly suitable for kalij pheasant. Identification of hotspots and potential habitats for kalij pheasant c...

Farhana Umer1, Muhammad Sheryar2 and Sangam Khalil3*

... poles in the middle voltage lines which have small distances between the lines and short insulators cause short-circuits between conductor wires or ground-faults. This paper presents a survey conducted in Multan city, Pakistan. In this survey, all 132kV high voltage grids and their 11kV outgoing feeders are observed and their locations are also marked on Google map. This survey includes current construction type of power li...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1*, Bushra Muneer2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
..., housewives with an average age of 47 years. The invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinoma were detected in 85% and 15% of cases of all breast cancer patients. These tumors were classified into G1, G2 and G3 grades with an incidence of 12.5%, 42.5% and 45%, and grouped into the anatomic stages IIIA, IIIB and IIIC with 50%, 32.5% and 17.5% respectively. Further, molecular subtyping wa...

Shehar Bano Bhatti1, Muhammad Irfan Malik2, Rabia Faryad Khan1, Mahmood Ul Hassan2, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam3 and Zaigham Abbas1*

...ng the various causative agents of asthma, allergens and genetic susceptibility play a key role. HLA is a complex region, and most of the GWAS studies on asthma are limited to simple gene markers. This study aimed to determine the association of HLA DRB1 alleles with atopic asthma in the Pakistani population. Blood samples of 568 subjects were collected from Punjab, Pakistan. HLA typing was performed by using sequence-specific primers (SSP). Total immunoglobul...

Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3

...t in marine ecosystem management. Sea-crossing bridges have been constructed worldwide to facilitate human travels and transactions. However, limited information is available on the ecological impacts of bridge constructions on local microeukaryotic compositions and functional shifts. In the present study, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to compare changes of microeukaryotic communities in local sediments influenced by sea...

Mubashar Hussain*, Habiba Razaq, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Kiran Aftab, Jaweria Riaz and Somia Liaqat

...rtant biological control agents and environmental indicators that inhabit a wide range of habitats. The diversity of carabid beetles in Pakistan has not yet been studied extensively, despite their diversified ecological roles. In the present study, the ground beetle communities from three subdivisions of district Mandi Bahauddin (Phalia, Malakwal and Mandi Bahauddin) were sampled by handpicking and placing pitfall traps from August 2020 to July 2021. A total o...
Iko-Ojo Charity Ikwe Agada, James Agbo Ameh, Olatunde H. Olabode and Martha Echioda-Ogbole*
... female dogs (33%) while age distribution showed high CPE affinity for younger dogs less than 12 months (86%) than older dogs (10%). In conclusion, this highlights CPV as a leading cause of canine gastroenteritis despite routine vaccinations in the study area. Further studies to evaluate field circulating CPV strains and the potency of available vaccines in Nigeria is hereby recommended.
...
Mahmoud M. Bayoumi
...ines offer several advantages over conventional or molecular-based vaccine types. The mRNA vaccine only encodes the target viral protein, with no infection hazard or even nucleic acid integration. Furthermore, mRNA vaccines can stimulate both specific cellular and humoral immunity in a short time scale to combat a life-threatening or emerging viral disease. This review will comprehensively cover the recent advances in mRNA vaccine production, the delivery meth...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
...ign: justify;">Bacteriophages have crucial advantages over conventional methods of controlling pathogenic bacteria in which they have a high ability to self-reproduce, host specificity, and develop with their bacterial hosts. The most common pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fresh meat and identified using the VITEK II automated system. Phages specific to
Morcos Ibrahim Yanni1* and Eid Elsaid Abdelaziz2
... and Asia throughout the ages, the current research goal is to evaluate the extent of their influence on nucleotide and amino acids variation of rabies virus isolates from the brain tissues of three dogs from 2017 to 2019 at the genetic level of the N and P genes from three governorates of Delta region in Egypt with earlier isolates, locally used vaccinal strains and other used strains internationally. Ten brain tissues from confirmed rabid cases in three gove...
Akram A. Salama1, Moustafa A. Zaghloul2*, Ahmed A. Zaghawa1, Mohamed A. Nayel1, Ahmed M. Elsafey1, Mohamed F. Azooz2, Hanem S. Harb1 and Walid S. Mousa1
...ery high identity percentage of > 99.7-100% with virulent LSDV isolated from Egypt (Sharkia Governorate) or different countries abroad (Kazakhstan, Turkey, Israel, and South Africa), while the identity with vaccinal strains of LSDV was 94.1%. The alignment analysis revealed a distinct 27-base deletion in the vaccine strains. Our results can be used to better understand the epidemiology of LSDV in Egypt and to build an effective disease control programme. Fu...
Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Dalia Y.A. Amin1, Mona A. Ismail1, Basma Hamdy2, Khaled A. El-Dougdoug3
...chondria, and nucleus damage caused by FLV infection in fig plants. Treatment of fig plants with nanochitosan and biomagic led to a significant increase in plant health, growth characteristics, immunity against virus infection, as well as repair of the effects caused by the FLV infection. It has been suggested that, the induction of systemic acquired resistance was successfully achieved and protected fig plants against FLV infection.
...

Milena Vlahovic*, Dragana Matic, Marija Mrdakovic, Larisa Ilijin, Anja Grcic, Aleksandra Filipovic, Jelica Lazarevic and Vesna Peric-Mataruga

...ble change in the percentage of midgut mass relative to larval mass (PMM) and determine the plasticity of this trait and the correlations between midgut enzymes and PMM under stress conditions. Fourth-instar larvae were exposed to acute and chronic effects of two cadmium concentrations, 10 and 30 μg Cd/g dry food, as well as a three-day recovery from chronic treatments. PMM is also an indirect indicator of food consumption and was found to be significantly ...

Abdul Aziz1,2, Hamad Bin Rashid1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Ayesha Hassan1, Hamid Akbar1, Sadaf Imran1, Naveed Hussain1, Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Asif1, Sajjad Javaid1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...00-1500g and of the same age were included in this study. SVF was prepared from bilateral inguinal fat that was harvested under general anesthesia. The harvested fat was enzymatically digested with 0.1% collagenase-I. It was then centrifuged and the SVF pellet was collected. The pellet was characterized through total viable cell count, cell per gram and percentage of viability by using Neu...

Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1

...or. The use of bacteriophages, as a potential replacement, for antibiotics and as food antimicrobial agents to potentially target foodborne pathogens is gaining augmented attention. This study’s goal was to isolate and physiologically characterize lytic bacteriophages against Enteritidis, and to ascertain their efficacy in modulating bacterial population on chicken breast cuts in the...

Mohammed A. Ali1*, Firas A. Alhasson1, Thaer A. Mohsin2 

...s cup contained in a collagenous matrix. The retina was avascular, and the layers of the retina were arranged in a normal vertebrate pattern. 

...
Yi Zhao1,2,3, Lei Luo1,2, Liqi Tan4, Jianhua Huang1,2, Dongliang Liu1,2,5, Shigui Jiang1,2 and Lishi Yang1,2*
... metabolic processes, damaged their immune response even cause dead. In this study, the physiological and histological changes of Procambarus clarkii under the high temperature (30°C) and the low temperature (10°C) stress were investigated. With the increase of temperature, the pyruvate kinase activity in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues of crayfish was gradually increased, and the fatty acid synthase activity at 10°C and 30°C were significa...

Rasema Majeed, Alaa Kamil Mahmood* 

...dative stress and DNA damage. Natural products such as ginger ethanolic extract (GEE) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may help in mitigate these effects. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) can improve delivery and bioavailability of encapsulated agents such as GEE. The aims of this study to evaluate the protective effects of ginger ethanolic extract, chitosan nanoparticles, and ginger ethanolic extract load...
Haigang Wu1,2, Bingjie Ma1, Jinni Liu1, Fei Zhang3, Kaiwei Deng1 and Hualing Gong1,2*
...ty and yolk nutrition of aged laying hens. We utilized a mixture of 8 components that included the Fabaceae family members Radix astragali and Sophora flavescens as well as dandelion, pine needle powder, marigold, rosemary, Shenqu (a leavened mixture) and Gardenia jasminoides. Our study groups included 2000 healthy 350 days old laying hens that were randomly divided into 4 groups and standard feed was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 % additive. T...

Franciscus Rudi Prasetyo Hantoro1,2,*, Dwi Sunarti1, Turrini Yudiarti1, Sri Sumarsih1, Rini Nurhayati2 

... were carried out at the age of 29-70 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with a factorial Group Random Design. The results showed that stocking density and crude protein levels had no impact on the blood profile, number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliforms in the cecum, weight of the bursa fabricius and spleen, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), number of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) antibodies, increase in body weight, and feed efficiency. High stocki...

Ho Thi Dung, Nguyen Van Chao, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Le Dinh Phung, Tran Thi Na, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Tran Nguyen Thao, Pham Hoang Son Hung* 

...ature (HT) treatment (5 cages of 5 chickens per treatment). The broilers of the TC treatment remained under a constant 26 ± 1°C (mean ± standard deviation), while those of the HT treatment were maintained under a constant high temperature of 35 ± 1°C. At 24 days of age, all chickens were sacrificed, and their cecum were collected for histomorphological observation by HE staining and checking the ...
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1, Abdur Rahman Ansari3, Faiza Yasmeen1 and Tahira Batool3
...und the globe in the villages, towns and cities. Jhang is a distant and underdeveloped district of Punjab province, Pakistan. The purpose of the present study was the determination of the prevalence of gut parasites in domestic pigeons through routine laboratory methods in district Jhang. Fresh fecal samples (n = 1800) of pigeons were gathered in plastic bags from district Jhang home fanciers and local retailers. Smearing, sedimentation, and flotation procedur...
Kanwal Nisa1, Sadia Roshan1, Shazia Shamas1,2*, Raheela Atta Mustafa3, Shamaila Irum1, Kalsoom Sughra4 and Memoona Iqbal1 
...n. Information including age, marital status, smoking, Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, and any previous record was obtained with the patient’s consent. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were defined. The samples of control and patients were analyzed through ELISA protocol to check the testosterone and Prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Testosterone significantly affects the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with (P<0.05). In the cases, the m...

Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1* 

...ous risk factors such as age, sex, breed, vaccination history, deworming, etc. A total of 174 case sheets of dogs and cats with skin lesions were analyzed. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of ectoparasite infestation among dogs and cats in semi-urban areas, recording rates of 56.92% and 76.92%, respectively, in contrast to semi-urban areas. Female cats (76.92%) and dogs (71.43%) displayed increased susceptibility compared to their male counterparts, w...

Wang Teng1,2,3,4, Li Chunhou1,2,3,4, Liu Yong1,2,3,4* and Zhu Ren5*

...osystem-based fishery management. For better to protect fish biodiversity and fisheries resources, more international cooperation on protected areas, fishing ban, and scientific research should be implemented for effectively protecting fish biodiversity and fisheries resource sustainability.

...

Abroo Fatima Qazi* and Din Muhammad Shaikh

...nd 0.5g/kg bodyweight dosage for 12 weeks, respectively. These Omega-3-fatty acids treated rats showed significant decrease in blood glucose level and rise in serum insulin as compared to positive control group (P < 0.001). At the same time, they showed significantly increased expression of insulin gene along with transcription factor PDX1 in group A (P < 0.001). It was concluded that the effect of appropriate dosage o...

Roheela Yasmeen1,3* , Faheem Hafeez1 , Umme Ammara1 , Rubab Younas1 , Sibtain Ahmad2 , Zulfiqar Ali3, Zaheer Ahmad Nasir4 

...sure intervention and management policies in intensive poultry farming facilities to establish standards for metal in feed to reduce their bioaccumulation in the environment.  

...

Rahmat Elahi1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Nazara1, Faryal Ali2, Nain Tara3 and Saba Iqbal1

...istan, to explore the management of seed-borne fungi in maize using castor oil treatment. The study involved collecting and analyzing seeds of various maize varieties such as yellow, blue, white, waxy, and hybrid, sourced from Buner district in KP. Through blotter test and agar plate methods, a total of eight different species of fungi were isolated from five different maize varieties. In the blotter test method, only spores and mycelium of seed-borne fungi we...

Daniel Offiong Etim1*, Idorenyin Asukwo Udo2, Rosemary Anietie Bassey1, Victoria Barrong Ogar1 and Etim John Umana1

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3

Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba Mohammed Maeed  Ibrahim

... in preventing tissue damage due to inflammation. These results led us to hypothesize that clove oil extract therapy speeds up the switch from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory response during the healing process. On the other hand, the positive control groups showed no improvement in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in serum. According to the results, we can conclude that the clove oil produced using the petroleum ether have the poten...

Montesqrit Montesqrit1*, Harnentis Harnentis1, Sepri Reski1, Fadhli Fajri2 

...4 weeks old, with an average production of 55%. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with three treatments: A (basal diet + Zinc bacitracin), B (basal diet + 1% ROSE), and C (basal diet + 2% ROSE). Each treatment was replicated six times. The observed variables were the Escherichia coli count of the intestine and the performance of laying quails (feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion). The results showed...

Turrini Yudiarti*, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Tri Agus Sartono, Maulana Hamonangan Nasution

... were reared in an open cage. With three treatments, the study used a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of a dose of the fungus Monascus purpureus as a feed additive (FA). These included T0 (basal diet/control); T1 (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% FA); and T2 (basal diet supplemented with 1% FA). Each treatment was repeated five times with a total of ten chiks each pen. Feed additive was provided to chicks beginning 8 days after rearing ...

Ghusoon Hasan Jadaan1*, Khalisa K. Khudair2 

...nd a particle’ average size of 64.45±1.18 nm whereas CPNPs had a particle’ average size of 72.80.85 nm. The CCH and cis CH, benzoate trans -CH, the C-O, CH2 and CH3,(C=C),(C=O), CH2 and CH3 which operate as reducing and stabilizing agents were revealed by FTIR analysis of CPNPs. The SiO2NPs’ FTIR spectrum shows two vibrations that can be attributed to SiO2’s...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Yose Rizal1, Zurmiati1, Sepri Reski1, Indah Fitri Sakinah Limbong2, Dian Saputri2 

...e weight, carcass percentage with skin and without skin; however, it significantly (p<0.05) reduced the abdominal fat pad percentage of broiler. In conclusion, the inclusion of brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium in the broiler diet up to 18% reduces corn utilization by 24.49% and rice bran by 54.45% at the starter period and reduces corn up to 21% and rice bran by 50% at the grower period without interfering with their ...
Omaima Khamiss
...lly with the high percentage of genome homology that was over 66% with one of five tested restriction enzymes. These observations suggest an important possible role for recombination in the early evolution and biological characteristics of these two viruses.
...
El-Dougdoug. K.A.1, Mervat, M. Fath Alah2, Reham A. Hassen3,Rehab A . Dawoud2
...p/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1673" alt="" />increasing in growth parameters).
...
Mohga A. El-Tahlawey1, Samah. A. Mokbel1, A.M. Mandour1,and H. A. Mohamed2
...p/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2998" alt="" />Peanut mottle virus was detected in the testas. cotyledons and embryo dissected from seeds of each Lentil cultivates. Electron microscopy of PMoV showed virus particles aggregates and degenerated mitochondria in cytoplasm of lentil leaf cells infected with PMoV. Effect of environmental factors and populations of insects on virus infe...
Mohga A. El-Tahlawey l, L.R. Rizkallal , S.A. El-Arnaouty 2 and Amal A.Khalil 3
...h K.Z oil and the percentage of disease incidence was 46.5% with used rouging and used Nestapon. On the other hand, the control treatment with rouging and without using any insecticide or detergents the disease incidence was 59.6 % in 2007-2008 growing season. In 2008-2009 growing season, the disease incidence was 21.3% followed by using Masrona oil was 41.25% and without rouging with K.Z oil was 48.75%; the disease incidence was 61.25% with using Nestapon and...

 Shawki, Khaled K.; Carter, M.J.; Alnashar, Nariman M., El-Farrashl, Mohamed A. and Taher, Sahar

...nically diverse group of agents and cross-reactive immunity is poor. These features present a considerable challenge for vaccine development. Current approaches have been based on the use of empty virus-like particles produced by self-assembly of the virus capsid protein. In this study we employed a new approach for engineering stable particles of Hawaii virus capsid protein by deleting those immunodominant regions (P2subdomains) that evoke type-specific respo...
Johan Sukweenadhi1*, Stefan Pratama Chandra1, Finna Setiawan2, Christina Avanti2, Kartini Kartini2, Arief Koeswanto3 and Deok-Chun Yang4
...ical analysis of the average wound area, epidermal reconstruction, and TIME-H scores, significant differences began to occur from day 12 to day 14. The average wound area, epidermal reconstruction, and TIME-H scores in the diabetic mice group that were given a dermal patch formulated with silver nanoparticles synthesized using Plantago major L. extract were not significantly different from the normal group and the ACA...
Elamien***, Mohammed; Kotob**, Nahla S.; Elsayed*, Eltayeb A.; Ragab, Yasser M. and Mourad, Fathia E.
...veral polio vaccine coverage campaigns in the last two years, four of five children poliomyelitis cases reported in March 2009 in northern Sudan States, came from the Red Sea State. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality Of OPV used for children immunization clinics in Red Sea State, to ensure whether the vaccine is still keeping its potency after being exposed to storage and transportation conditions. Several f...

Hemeida, A. A., Osman, M., El-Shahat, Mohamed, Hashem, Medhat H., Mahmoud, Amal and Dahi, Hosni

...ive System, Sohag, Egypt aged from 20 to 55 years. Then, confirmed by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for HCV. The confirmed patients were received 12 vials of BEG FN- 2a for 12 weeks (1801U/ml weekly) plus ribavirin (1000 mg for 75 Kg or 1200 mg for > 75Kg- Roche) and follow up by RT-PCR. The results showed that 67 patients (72.8%) responded to the treatment (group A), while 25 patients (27.2%) non responders (group B). The two gro...

Ibrahim l , Madiha Salah and Ikuta 2, Kazuyoshi

...ssist in the clinical management decision. In Egypt, where avian influenza A virus H5Nl is now endemic and human infections are on the rise, rapid H5N1 detection in infected poultry is essential for controlling spread to human. To test the performance of two rapid influenza tests for the detection in naturally infected birds, clinical specimens from different species and organs of sick and dead birds collected during 2007 and 2009 in Egypt were tested using vi...
Hassanein, Suzan A.; Abd El-Wahab, Wafaa; Eweis, Moustafa and Mahmoud, Mervat M.
...eck). The overall percentage of positive was 38.9 %. The higher percentage of positive detected in Behaira (48%), then Mounofya (45.3%) while Kafer El-sheikh was the lowest (23.7%). The positive results of detection of antibodies against non structured proteins of FMDV indicate that these samples come from natural infected animals.

...

Raof*, Amal M. A.; Haleem*, Iman Y.; Aly*, Nawal M.; * *Garhy, M.M. and Hosny***, Gehan A.

...aloes. The higher percentage of positive was detected in Sharkia (31.7%) while Kafr Elsheikh was (27.3%). The positive result of detection of antibodies against non structured proteins of FMDV indicates that these samples come from natural infected animals. The further work is required to evaluate the performance of this method in different animal species and different field situations. The Prio check ELISA was also used for comparison with another commercial ...

Rizk, Sonia A.; El-garf, Eman M. and Talaat, Abeer A.

...usly with bivalent Alhydragel adjuvanted (30) % FMD vaccine, while group (B) vaccinated subcutanously with bivalent FMD vaccine adjuvanted with both Alhydragel and GSLS (10 mg/dose). The humeral and cellular immunoresponses were monitored in different tested groups that received the gel adjuvanted vaccine and the Alhydragel-GSLS adjuvanted vaccine. Results indicated that the higher immune ...

Madbouly*, H.M.; Saif**, M.A. and Hussein* , A.S.

...B-l strain at 7th day of age then boosted with LaSota strain at 21st day of age in drinking water, while groups vaccinated with MDV vaccine (0.2ml/chick) at one day of age by SIC injection. Serum samples at 10, 14, 17, 21, 28, 35, and 42 of age for HI test against NDV. Heparinized blood samples at 10, 14, 17, 21, days of age

Madboulyl , H. M.; Tamami , S.M.; Abd Elmoneml , A.S.; Husseinl , A.S. and Arafa2, A.M.

...vaccinated flocks by passage on SPF-ECE of 5-7 days old embryos via yolk sac route. Characterization of isolated virus was done by using RT-PCR where the 5 isolates were positive for APV and produced a specific 315 bp products. Serological survey for APV antibodies in serum and egg yolk samples collected from non-vaccinated flocks (608 serum samples were obtained from broiler chickens from El-Fayoum, Beni suef and Giza, 40 turkey poults serum samples from Al B...

Abd El-Razakl, A.G. and AboElkhair2, M.

...into chicks of farm A at age of I day. On farm B, the attenuated intermediate plus live IBD vaccine was given via drinking water at the age of day. The vaccine uptake was monitored via serology, bursal indices and effect of the two vaccines on immune response to Newcastle disease and avian influenza vaccines. It was also verified by an experimental very virulent IBD challenge performed at the age

El-Bramawyl , M . A. S. A. and El-Beshehy2, E. K. F.'

...the infected main percentage and disease severity for the faba bean population's plants. Our results analysis confirms that the Fl 's was completely resistant and the F2's was segregated a clear to been 3 resistant: 1 susceptible, while the F3's families confirmed the F2's families segregation, which suggests as a dominant character controlled by a single locus. This resistance character in faba bean considering has a good potencial for direct use in commercia...

Wisit Ketpanyapong1, Kulisara Marupanthorn2* 

...for 5 weeks improved average daily weight gain, feed efficiency and reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaned pigs. Blood hematological parameters, intestinal morphology, and fecal microbial shedding were assessed at the end of the experiment. MOLE supplementation did not significantly affect blood indices, except for a reduction in neutrophils and an increase in MCHC at 500 mg/kg diet (P=0.025 and 0.042, respectively). Villus height/crypt depth in the 250 m...

Mahdyl , A.M.M.; Hafezl , M.A.; EL-Dougdoug2, Kh. A.; Fawzyl , R.N. and Shahwanl , Eman S.M.•

...cha showed lowest percentage of DS, while mixed M. jalapa+C. inerme showed high percentage of DS. Both of two biotics induced SA and inhibited CMV infection in the tomato plants.

...

Eisa*, Nawal A.; Abd El-Ghafar **, N. Y. Abd EL-Mageed*, M.H.; Mohamed* , F.G. and Hasan*, Eman O.

...n: justify;">Different Phages parasitizing Xanthomonas vesicatoria (the causal agent of the bacterial spot disease of tomato) were isolated from infected leaves of tomato and from tomato rhizosphere soil, using enrichment technique. The phages produced plaques (4-5mm, diameter) with a distinct translucent spreading halo. Presumptive phage particles assoc...

Azzami, Mohamed 1.; Hakiml , Aya Salah El-Din; Othman2, Badawi A. and 2 El-Dougoug, Khaled A.

...red to concentrate coliphages, enteric and H5Nl viruses. Coliphages infecting Escherichia coli were detected in both of sewage polluted samples and chlorinated water samples especially in warmer seasons, however, maximum counts were recorded during summer and the minimal were detected in winter. The viruses obtained by ultrafiltration process were negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic...

Sofyl *, A.R.; Soliman , A.M.; Mousal, A.A. and El-Dougdoug , Kh.A.

... forms of the gummy bark agent was detected by gel electrophoresis. The expected size of amplified cDNA by RT-PCR was approximately 300 bp. A phylogenetic tree of the Egyptian citrus gummy bark agent (Accession no. FJ984562) revealed 100%, 99.7% and 97.8% a moderate degee of similarity to CVd-11b (USA), CCaVd (Spain) and CCaVd (Egypt) respectively. The minimum free energy of a secondary structure for HSVd-EG-RNA was determin...

Nasr-Eldin1 , M. A.; El-Dougdoug2, K. A.; Othman2, B. Ahmedi , Sabah A, and Abdcl-Azizl , S. Il.

...ecorded different percentages as in single (8.33, 8.33 and 11.11%) respectively, double (11.11, 11.11 and 19.44%) for CEVd+HSVd, CEVd+PSTVd and HSVd+PSTVd respectively and mixed infection (19.44%) with different disease symptoms. The pervious results illustrated that, tissue printing hybridization was more reliable than dot-blot hybridization in viroid detection. HSVd was isolated on Cucumis sativus L. cv. Alpha plants which showed specific symptoms severe mos...

Rabia Anjum

...othesis. Other than that age, family history, injury, high blood pressure and genetic may play an important role in the disease development. Current AD treatment are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are easily accessible in the market to relief the AD primary symptoms but did not cure it. AD treatment needs a therapeutic approach to minimize its progression. This review focuses on the understanding of disease, hypothesis and treatment of disease to slow its pro...

Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Shafia Saba2, Madiha Mobeen Khan3, Naeem Arshad Maan3, Asad-ur-Rehman4, Mahreen Khalid5, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah6 and Wardah Muzaffar7

...n Ficus benjamina. All stages from eggs to adult were recorded and observed. The complete metamorphosis like egg, larva, pupa and adult was found in T. varians. The female laid eggs in 2 to 6 layers. The diameter of egg was 0.60 to 0.70mm. There are five larval instars of T. varians. The head length of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars was 0.30±0.05, 0.35±0.07, 0.93±0.08, 1.67±0.40, 2.09±0.09mm, respectively, while width of...

Abo Elmagd l , Enas K.; Abdel-Wahab l , Kouka S.; Alrasheedy l , Zeinab E. and Khalifa2, Ahmed S.

... and their infants whose ages ranged from one day t012 months. All the deliveries were vaginal. Neither the infants nor the mothers had a history of high risk exposure to percutaneous virus transmission. Commercial ELISA kits for IgG, IgM, IgA anti-HCV epitopes and RT-PCR kits were used according to kit instructions. Dot ELISA for detection of HCV antigen in infants PBNINC lysates was an in house test. Previous exposure to HCV infection indicated by antibodies...

Abo-Elmagdl , Enas K;El-Mougy2, Hala M. T. and Abd El-Salam 3, Manal

...r appropriate patient management and infection control. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of Binax NOW RSV (BN) as a rapid test for detection of RSV antigen in nasal wash specimens collected from Egyptian infants and young children with the detection of RSV-RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, to study the frequency of RSV infection in Egyptian infants and young children during the winter se...
Abdel Hamidl , Saiwa El-s.; Abdel-Wahab l , Kouka S.E. ; salehl , Laila H.;
Davis3, E. Graham ; Hastie4, Ian and Booth2 ,James C.
 
...CMV IgG antibodies as an age-related pattern of infection was studied in Cairo and South London showed that HCMV infection was acquired earlier in life in Cairo than in London. At large 95.6% of 720 sera from the general population in Cairo were seropositive by the age of 5 years compared with 33.3% of 313 sera from British subjects in London. HCMV IgM antibodies were detected only in a small proportion of elderly individual...

Sharawil , S.S.A. and Abd El-Rahim2, I.H.A.•

...netically belongs to lineage IV. To the author knowledge, this is the first report describing the fusion protein (F) gene sequence, phylogenic analysis and -lineage typing of Egyptian isolates of PPRVs.

...

SHARAW11'2*S S. S. A.; AL-HOFUFY2, A. N. and AL-BLOW12, M. H.

... purposes. In disease management contexts, until now, a little have been described for the molecular detection of camel pox virus (CPV). This study reports the development of a Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of CPV using SYBR green I chemistry. A total of 15 specimens from camels suspected of being infected with CPV were collected from Riyadh Province during 2009 and submitted for virological investigation at the Central Veterinary ...

Ebied, Eman M.; Salem, Zeinab T. and Al-Imam, Hemmat S.

... up to 6 months of their age.

...

Khatab, Eman A.H.; Zein, Salwa N. and Ahmed, Amal A.

...stic methods. The percentages of virus detection in leaves, stems were higher than that in roots; on the other hand the percentages Of virus detection in anthers and pistils were higher than that in sepals.

...

El.-Kadyl, M.A.S; Badr2, A.B.; zein3, Saiwa N. and Khalifa4, M.A.A.

...eir effect on the percentage of virus infection in pepper treated plants: Actellic application gave superior results (46.7%) in decreasing the infection percentage followed by either Sumithion or K.Z. oil (55.0%), whereas Potassium Soap spray gave infection percentage of 60.0% followed by Bio-fly (61.7%). Moreover Supper Royal treatment gave the lower effect in the percent

Ahmed, AmalA.; Zein, Salwa N. and Khatab, Eman A. H.

...ntous particles with average length of 780 nm and 15 widths. The polyclonal antibody raised against the virus under study had a virus — specific titer of 1:7500 in bled one and 1: 7000 in bled two. Incidence of the disease reached 75% in some apiaceae crops and many of the infected plants were unfit for marketing. It is suggested that control of the disease may be achieved by introducing a celery-free period to break the cycle of virus transmission betwe...

Ahmed*, Amal A.; Khatab*, Eman A.H. ; Dawood*, Rehab A. and Ismeil*, Amira .M.

...eks ) gave higher precentage of virus —free plantlets but has a negative correlation with the survival of the plants  
However , because of better survival rate , the temperature regime 38  Oc/3weeks is recomended for virus —free tested carnation plants.
...

*El-Helaly, Sahar H.; ** Ahmed, Amal A.; * Awad, M.A. and ** Soliman, A.M.'

...No. HQ288892) had percentage of similarity ranged from 97-98% with eight reported AMV isolates. Thus, a method of identification and detection by RT-PCR of AMV was established.

...

El-Sayed • l , Eman H; Mahfouze , Sherin A.; Shaltout ,A. D.; El-Dougdoug3 ,Kh. A. and Sayed1 , R. A.

...ustify;">The chemical mutagens have become important tool to enhance agronomic fraits of banana crop. It is being used to produce virus resistance in various susceptible banana crop to improve it yield and quality traits against BBTV and BMV viruses. There are several mutagens available for banana crop improvement and each mutagen has its important role as positive or negative effects on b...

Karl Maramorosch

...s have failed. Causative agents of yellows-type plant diseases were classified as viruses because no fungi or bacteria could be detected in diseased plants. The inadequate characterization of viruses delayed the discovery of the pathogens of yellows-type diseases by forty years. In 1967 Japanese plant pathologists and entomologists announced the discovery of mycoplasma-resembling pathogens in diseased plants and insect vectors and the temporary recovery of dis...

El-Tabakh, SAA l ; Abdel Wahab, KSE; Badr, AF   and Helal, IG  

Madbouly, H.M; Orkhan, M.H**; Nagwa El-khoty

...ro•Asio-African lineage which contains Al H5Nl strains from Egypt, Turkey, Romania, Iraq, Mongolia, Iran, Korea and Nigeria and differed from those strains isolated in South-Eastern of Asia which contains Cambodia, Thailand, and Viet Nam Al H5Nl strains. The phylogenetic analysis of HA, NA, and Matrix (M) genes of Egyptian isolates of January 2007 from the same locality showed minor antigenic variation from those of 2006 and have been  located in a n...

Arafa, A.; Kanawaty, Z.; Abdclwhab. E. M.; Hassan, M.K.; and Aly M.M.

...boring areas. Eleven villages around the lake were included in the surveillance. Serological examination using Avian Influenza type (A) antibody ELISA revealed 4/73 positive samples of chicken sera, while HI test against AI-H7 revealed negative results for all examined species. Molecular examination of swab samples by RRT-PCR revealed negative results for Avian Influenza H7. The current paper documents absence of Al-H7 in backyard birds around El-Abassa Lake i...

JEHAN A. M. GAFER.' HUSSEIN, H.A. and REDA I.M.

...ter three successive passages on MDBK•cells. The isolated viruses were then titerated and identified using different biological, serological and molecular assay.

...

Eman, Abo Hatab*; Hussein, HA.; El-Sabagh IM. and Saber, MS.

...4 cell line for five passages, eight isolates were successfully isolated with a clear and reproducible CPE on the inoculated cells. The isolates were identified antigenically using VP6 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) based antigens capture ELISA that able to detect any group A rotavirus. The viral RNA was extracted from the tissue culture harvest of the propagated viruses and RT-PCR using primers specific for VP6 and VP7 of group A rotaviruses was employed and co...

El-Sabagh, I.M.; Hussein, H.A.; Amer, H.M.; El-Sanousi, A.A.; Reda,I.M. and M.A. Shalaby

*Hanan M.M. Elzahed, Abd EL-Moneim A.A, *Afaf A. Khedr, *Elham A. Elabiare, Waleed S. Abd El-Latif, Reda M.I.

...ht houses at Il weeks of age.  Antibodies to (CAV) in adult hens and maternally derived antibodies to (CAV) in progeny chicks were assayed by ELISA. Vaccinated dams showed a high level of antibody -to (CAV) followed by moderate level for up to 50 weeks of age. In addition progeny chicks showed a detectable level Of maternally-derived antibody. New castle Disease Virus (NDV) antibodies were monitored in adult hens during...

Manva F.M. Abdel Monem; Gihan K. Mohammed;** Sami A.M.; and Saber M.S.*

... to evaluate the live mutagenized RVF-MP12 vaccine in 4 months old calves. The used dose was 5 log10 TCID5Janimal. The safety and potency of the vaccine was followed up as well as the duration of the immunity by ELISA and SNT through 12 months post vaccination. There was no evidence of untoward effects except slight elevation of body temperature in the calves through 14 days post vaccination. The virus was recovered from the sera of 3 calves on the 2nd  a...

M.A. Farag*, Abeer, E. Mansour* and s.M. 

...ied by protection percentage of 33% against challenged virus 01/3/93 with low values of AOD were recorded in sheep previously infected with BVDV one week before vaccination. Challenging the immunity of sheep both simultaneously infected with BVDV and vaccinated or infected one week post vaccination against 01/3/93 revealed protection percentages of 66%. Sheep fed on commercial ration treated with 40gykgm ration of prepared A...

Sahar A. Youssef I and A. A. Shalaby 

... method saves time and reagent costs compared with rnonospecific RT-PCR needs several reactions for the sarne number of tests. Using this method, jnany samples can be simultaneously analyzed and it can be used routinely för sanitary and cettification prograrnmes.
...

Amina A. II. and M.K. Amin

...justify;">Five bacteriophages infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain were isolated from agricultural drain water of Zagazig city. One of them designated as PAI has been characterized. The ability of phage PAI to form plaques with strain PAOI was examined. Two kinds of plaques (turbid and clear) have been observed. The average number of turbid plaques was 2.52 x 109 pfu/ml whereas of clear...

Mayada A. Abd Elgalell; B.A Othman2; Th. Radwan, 1 and Amal S.M. Abo-Sinna3

...t-align: justify;">Two phage isolates for Pseudomonas putida were isolated from soil cultivated with potato by the enrichment culture technique and signed as PPI and PP2. The phages were propagated and purified by polyethylene glycol, 6000-sodium dextran sulfate 500 two phase system. The two phages had different ultraviolet absorption spectra. Results of the lytic pattern of both ph

Mohga M. El-Tahlawey, A. Mandour and AE Aboulata

...ng integrated disease management (IDM) strategic manipulation during the growing season. 

...

S.Y.M. Mahmoud1 and M. Hashem2

...us was found with percentage of 65% in root samples collected from Kafr EI-Sheikh. The transmission experiments indicated that BNYVV was mechanically transmitted to Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Beta Vulgaris cvs. Pleno. Tripl and Gloria. D. macrocarpa and B. maritema inducing chlorotic local lesions spreads into the veins. The virus was also transmitted by a soilborne parasitic fungus, Polymyxa betae Keskin as a vector and by seed coating with virulif...

A. E. Aboul-Ata, Mohga, M. El-Tahlawey, M. A. Amer and A.M. Mandour

...transmitted by Nymphal Stage more than adult Stage (78.7% and 34.3% respectively). FBNYV is being able to be acquired by A. craccivora insects after 4-day post-inoculation period. The virus is not being able to be transmitted throughout newly hatched nymphs without acquiring virus. 

...

A. A. Kheder1; I. A. M. Ibrahim2; H. M. Mazyadl

...using DAS-ELISA. The average percentages of infection in three seasons were 17.5% and 3.1% in El-Dakahlia and El-Behira respectively. Naturally PRMV-infected trees develop chlorotic spots, rosetting, mosaic, chlorotic mottling, leaf deformation and shortening or the internodes (rosette appearance). The virus causes chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa Wild. Ch. amaranticolor Cost&Reyn and N. tabacum L. cv. White...

A.A.Farrag;  I.A.M. Ibrahim and, H.M. Mazyad

...l peach orchards. Percentages of infection were 6.3, 6.7, 12.3 and 10.9 in Menofia (Khatatba) . EL-Behira (EL-Nobaria North Sinai (Rafah) and Dakahlia (Metghamr), respectively. ACLSV was transmitted mechanically from peach trees those showing less vigorous and some abnormalities on growth without leaf symptoms to different herbaceous hosts including Chenopodium quinoa wild, Ch. amaranticolor (Cost&Reyyn) and Phaseolus vulgaris L cv. Pinto. Typical chloroti...

A-New-Whitefly-Transmitted-Geminivirus

...iviruses cause severe damage to different crops in Egypt. Geminiviruses often occur in mixed infections, and it is difficult to diagnose such mixtures by biological properties. Two types of yellow leaf curl symptoms were collected from tomato plants grown at different locations in Egypt. The collected plants were subjected to biological analysis, the viral causal agent vector of the two types of symptoms was found to be Bemi...

E.F. Mohamed1 and I.M. Sabra2

.... ToMV inhibition percentages induced by GA and IAA varied according to the time of treatment (1, 2, 3, and 4 hours). High percentages of inhibition were recorded for in Vitro treatment. ToMV inhibition of pre-inoculation treatment was higher than that of post-inoculation treatment. IAA was more effective than GA.

...

E.F. Mohamedl and A.A. Owayss2

...-3 and after 21 days storage at room temperature. BBMV was easily transmitted by sap. ELISA was used efficiently to detect BBMV in leaves of infected Faba bean plants. The present study was carried out to determine the effect or propolis on BBMV. In vitro experiment, propolis reduced the occurrence of mosaic symptoms on Faba bean plants to 80, 70, 60, 75 and 90% of infected plants immediately: to 75, 65, 45, 55 and 80% after one hour stor...

B. A. Othman; Kh. A. El-Dougdoug; M. H. Abdel Ghaffar and T. F. El-Arabi

...-align: justify;">Four phages singed as RM1, RM2, RM3, and RM4 specific for Rhizobium meliloti (R meliloti) were isolated from tested rhizosphere soil samples collected from Qalyubia and North Sinai Governorates based on plaque morphology, The extinction spectra of purified preparations showed A260/A280 of 1.25. 1.16. 1.28 and 1.24 for RM1, RM2, RM3, and RM4, respectively. When the purified preparations of RM1, RM2, and RM3 phage

Nahed A. Mohamed l, H. A. Hussein2, Fathia M. Mohamed1 and M. A. Shalaby2

...noculated cells were passaged for 7 times and subjected for further antigenic and molecular characterization using virus neutralization test and different formats Of PCR assays. The results revealed that the isolated BVDV field strains (3 from Cairo designated as Cairo/10/99: Cairo/12/99 and Cairo/13/99 and 2 from Suez designated as Suez/60/99 and Suez/68/99) were of BVDV type I.

...

H. A. Hussein1, N.A. Mohamed2, F.M. Mohamed2 and M.A. Shalaby1

...subjected to further passages on MDBK cells infected with non-cytopathic (NCP) strain of BVDV which was homologues (pair) to their genotype (type I). After four passages on cell culture. The local isolates demonstrated enhancement in their CPE and virus replication as determined by virus titration assay. Propagation of these viruses in BVDV-free cells for five passages showed decrease in t...

H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3

...ccurred at 18-33 days of age. 70% (21/30) of these outbreaks  characterized by typical clinical signs and gross lesions. The mortality rates in these flocks ranged between 9.4-12.8 % (average 11.1%); 16.4-30 % (average 23.2 %) and 12-23.5 % (average 17.75 %) in commercial broilers. commercial layer replacement pullets and native Baladi varieties, re...

M.R. Abd-El Wahab l, H.A. Hussein2, T.M. Asfourl and M.A. Shalaby2

...sease virus. After 3 passages of the detected positive buffy coats on MDBK cells. no CPE was detected suggesting that these viruses may be of non-cytopathic type of BVDV. The present study confirms the existence of BVDV among camel population and raises the possibility of the presence of persisting infected camels by BVDV which may cause extensive shedding of the virus among camel population resulting in severe outbreaks. Also, the study demonstrates the conti...

Ahmed Abd El-Samie H. Ali

...es between 6-8 months of age that were seronegative to BVDV were divided into three groups (n=4 for NY-1, n=4 for 890 and n=3 control). Fibroblast cells were prepared from calves' skin biopsies by trypsin digestion. Using immunofluorescence. the percentages of infected cells and MHC antigens expression were evaluated. fibroblast and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells were in vitro infected and stained by direct double...

S. A. Khalil1; M. El-Sayed2; M. M. El-Fayomy2; H. Y. Hassan3 and A. Zaghawa3

...isian cows in the last stage of pregnancy were naturally infected with BEFV during the Egyptian outbreak in summer 2004. Four of them were aborted and excluded from experimental. The disease was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by the detection of BEFV antigen by Immunoperoxidase staining. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficiency of transfer of BEFV antibodies from naturally infected cows to newborn calves through colostrum. According to ...

Musaad A. Al-Dubaib

... commercial diagnostic reagents. All samples of herds having positive cases with immunodiffusion were tested by ELISA. Positive cases were recorded among samples of the Holstein cattle with both serological tests. Prevalence rates differed from one farm to another and with both serological tests. With agar gel immunodiffusion, the prevalence rate in 3 farms were 43.13%, 21.79% and 6.25%. The prevalence rates with ELISA in the same herds were 52.94%, 34.01% and...

Maria Kikelomo Adegun1*, Femi Godwin Ekundayo1, David Daisi Ajayi2 

...ing WAD rams with an average weight of 12±1 kg was randomly assigned into four treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4) in a ten-week trial. The rams assigned to T2, T3, and T4 were fed 90% UTCP+10% GSF, 80% UTCP+20% GSF, and 70% UTCP+30% GSF, in that order while T1 served as the control group. The data did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among any of the treatments in feed intake. The experimental animals’ final body weight was...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

... to allow off-season storage of vital water supplies and for impounding water. Iraq is a country of limited water resources and a high demand for water due to its agricultural sector and its growing population. In this study, an analysis of hydrology characteristics of Iraqi dams has been presented which include DAM flow direction, mesh flow, agricultural area improvement, waterway division, and basin determination. These characteristics provide valuable insig...

Tariq I. Almundarij

... link with two different ages of the Majaheem (black) and Waddah (white) breeds, measurements of lipogram and antioxidant parameters were assessed. During the breeding season, 16 dromedary she-camels that appeared to be in good health included in this study as controls. Their average body weight ranged from 430 kg for camels under 8 years old to 480 kg for camels over 8 years old. Twenty-nine overweight female dromedary came...

Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi*, I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra

...lign: justify;">The ensilage process is an effort to improve the quality of corn straw and use elephant grass as the main source of fiber for ruminants. The research aimed to obtain a ration formulation through the use of elephant grass silage, corn straw silage, and concentrate for etawa crossbreed goats. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments and each tr...

Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3

...rent breeds bitches. The ages of bitches range from 12-132 months with an average of 38 months. Bitches are diagnosed with pyometra (open and closed) depending on clinical signs, ultrasound, and complete blood count (CBC). Bitches were allocated into four groups: Group I: five bitches received only Aglepristone (Alizin®) given at 10 mg/kg Sc. Group II: four bitches received Aglepristone (Alizin®) was given at 10 mg/k...

Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi1*, Lisa Nurfalah1, Deanvi Fahira Wisnuputri1, Entang Iskandar2

... were observed in their cages from 17:00 to 05:00 WIB from September to November 2015. Feces were collected during the observation period and the levels of E1C and PdG were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that the average percentage of behavior observations (K2 and K5), namely was behavior moving 61%, unseen 15%, resting 8%, social behavior 8%, aut...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2

...reatments. Moreover, average weight gain was the same as nitrogen retention in this study. Therefore, the energy feed combination that feed intake, nutrient value, nitrogen retention and daily weight gain well from high to low were BrWh, BrCa, MaCa and MaWh. 
 
Keywords | Soluble carbohydrates, Rumen, Ruminant, Combinations, Energy feed, Goat
...

Divanildo Outor-Monteiro1,2,3*, José António Silva2,3,4, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

...as opposed to intensive cage-based systems. This trial was designed to explore the influence of production systems (cages - Cg; 13.3 rabbits/m2, closed parks - CP; 7.7 rabbits/m2, and open-air systems - Oa; 0.25 rabbits/m2) and slaughter age (70 and 84 days) on the growth, carcass traits and meat quality of growing rabbits. 120 animals were randomly allocated to three different production ...

Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa

...re seen in the first passage, whereas pock lesion at the second (2nd) and third (3rd) passages. The chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells propagated by the prepared infected CAM have shown the cytopathic effect (CPE) that included rounding, detachment of the cells from the monolayer and aggregation of cells during the first and second tissue culture passages. The results of sequencing anal...

Firda Dimawarnita1*, Edwina Gabriela Tesalonika Mustamu2, Yora Faramitha1, Haryo Tejo Prakoso1, Wildan Aulia Noorsy1, Komang Gede Wiryawan2

Rizkie Elvania1, Tintin Rostini1, Sakiman2, Ani Susilawati2, Emilda Adriani2, Abd Malik1*

...en. Four Kalang buffalo, aged between 6 to 7 years and weighing 500-550 kg, were involved in this investigation. Semen collection was conducted weekly a 12- week period using an artificial vagina. Lycopene was added to the skim milk-egg yolk diluent at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, while the control group received no lycopene substitution. The freshly collected semen underwent macroscopic and microscopic evaluations. Subsequently, the semen was assesse...

Nurlan Akhmetsadykov1*, Tanatar Kydyrov2, Moldir Akhmetzhanova1, Gulnazi Akhmetova3, Maxat Berdikulov4 

...a, causes significant damage to livestock worldwide. The development of new serological diagnostic methods is highly relevant. The primary objective of this study was to produce a recombinant GM6 antigen derived from T. evansi and investigate its immunological properties for the detection and diagnosis of trypanosomosis. To create a recombinant antigen, bioinformatic analysis of the primary structure of T. evansi GM6 antigen from several regions was carried ou...

Zurmiati1*, Ade Trisna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli1, Yelsi Listiana Dewi3, Ulvi Fitri Handayani4, Wizna1 

...ent opportunities to village communities to earn income. However, the high feed conversion of duck is an obstacle in the intensive development of duck farming because 70% of poultry production costs come from feed costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 administration as a probiotic on growing male Bayang duck performance. A randomized design was used in this study. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059...

Faisal Alzahani1* and Mohammed Abu El-Magd2*

...get rid of this disadvantage and increase the anticancer effect of CAPE, CAPE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used. The anti-tumor effects of CAPE and chitosan CNPs on cancer cells have been separately studied but the precise epigenetic molecular mechanisms for the combined therapy are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the epigenetic mechanism of CAPE and/or CNPs on human HepG2 cells. The results revealed a significantly higher cytotoxic...

Qurat ul Ain1, Asifa Khan1*, Asia Riaz2 and Nazia Suleman

...bility of short-term storage for adults and larval stages of seven spotted ladybird beetle under low temperature conditions was examined in the present study. The results showed that adults survived well up to five weeks of storage period at two temperature regimes. However, duration of cold storage affected the post storage

M. Tariq Mushtaq1, Faisal Manzoor1, M. Ishtiaq1*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Muqarrab Ali2, M. Akram3, M. Rafiq Shahid3 and Saleem Riaz1

... that integrated pest management approach using different control tactics for conservation of natural enemies, use of yellow sticky traps, botanicals, use of selective insecticides when needed could be the best strategy to overcome insecticides resistance problems.

...

Ahmed Kadhim Munahi1* , Hameed A. Al-Timmemi2 

...seases is spinal cord damage. Unfortunately, the vast majority of spinal cord injury treatments are ineffective. The current study is aimed to apply chitosan nanoparticles on spinal cord regeneration in dogs. For this objective, sixteen healthy mongrel dogs were used. They were divided into two equal groups (n=8) at random. All dogs underwent dorsal laminectomy and left lateral hemisection at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. In the control group, the h...

Saddam Hummadi1, Nadia Al-Falahi2* 

...orty eight adult rabbits aged 8-12 months, weighing 1.5-2.5 kg, were divided randomly into three equal groups (n=16) after inducing infected wounds. In control group (GI), the infected wounds were managed by rinsing with normal saline after debridement and bandaging without any topical application. In SIS hydrogel group (GII), the infected wounds were treated by application of SIS hydrogel after wound man

Estabraq Hayder Khayoon, Ammar Ahmed Abdulwahid*  

...ry day for 40 days by gavage needle, and Group G2, in this group animals got Acrylamide 5 mg/kg B.W. and Curcumin 100 mg/kg B.W. for 40 days by gavage needle as well. At the zero and the end times of the experiment, blood samples were taken using the heart puncture technique after the subjects had been given an intramuscular injection of ketamine and xylazine to induce anesthesia. The findings revealed the exposure of Acryl...
Yongke Zhu1,2, Yun Fang1, Songhua Tang1, Yuan Gu3, Jinming Zhao4, Wolfgang Scherzinger5 and Yue-Hua Sun1*
...conifer forest of higher age classes in the northern hemisphere. Breeding biology, reproductive strategies, and behavioural ecology of these nocturnal birds are well studied in Europe and North America. However, the knowledge of the subspecies of boreal owl (A. f. beickianus) in the coniferous forests at high mountainous altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is still limited. We spent 10 years studying the breeding biology of A. f. beickianus in Lian Hua Shan ...
Saliha Bashir*, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Sohail Anjum and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...e of Pakistan. Digital images of eyes and skin were examined by investigators to determine color using Fitzpatrick Phototype Scale. Similarly, iris patterns were characterized by Edward iris feature software and association studies were conducted through SPSS program. Intermediate eye color was frequent in KPK (44%) while brown was higher in Punjab (47%). Contrarily, light to medium brown skin color was recurring (55%) in Punjab whereas lighter skin color prev...
Raed M. Al-Atiyat1,2*, Gamaleldin M. Suliman3, Khaled Abu-Alruz4, Firas Al-Zyoud5, Amer Mamkagh6, Ahmed M. El-Waziry7, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer8 and Rifat Ullah Khan9
...ty body, dressing percentage, hot carcass, cold carcass, and head weight which had a significant effect on breed. The phenotypic associations between the traits were also studied and strong associations between economically important traits were reported. The analyses of principal components were efficient in showing the total variation of 13 traits accumulated in linear combinations of four traits of most discriminant power body depth, ear length, body height...

Muhammad Talha Sajjad1, Hamid Akbar1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Abid Hayat4 and Ghulam Mustafa2

...vidence to support its usage in animals with cutaneous wounds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRP gel on cutaneous wound healing in rescued horses. Twelve horses were divided into two groups: group A (PRP-treated) and group B (control). The group A (n=6) animals were treated with autologous PRP gel, while the group B (n=6) animals were treated with sterile saline. Full-thickness (3 x 3 cm2) skin wounds were selected in each horse on eith...

Nejra Dučić1, Senad Kovačević1, Faruk Tandir1,2, Rizah Avdić2, Ermin Šaljić3, Anel Vejzović2, Nedžad Hadžiomerović2* 

...rtant segment of pain management during dental procedures in veterinary medicine due to their rapid onset of action, affordability and simple execution. Four different dental nerve blocks have been described in cats: infraorbital, maxillary, inferior alveolar (mandibular) and middle mental block. Considering the size of a cat’s head and location of important anatomical structures, iatrogenic trauma can happen very easily while performing dental nerve blo...

Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain2, Ishtiaq Hassan3, Muhammad Tahir Latif2, Tahira Tabassum1 and Naeem Faisal2

...lign: justify;">Seedling age and soil condition after puddling affects stand establishment, growth and productivity of mechanically transplanted rice (MTR). Study was performed to evaluate different puddled soil settling periods (24, 48 and 72 hours) and seedling age (20, 25 and 30 days) for decreasing the missing hills while improving plant and root growth, and consequently grain yield of MTR. Experiment was conducted using...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain

... It has been shown how image disruptions that the human eye interprets as slight changes can cause an AI tool to incorrectly show a tabby cat image as more likely to be guacamole. Although this is a humorous example, it raises a very important question regarding what happens if the self-driving car’s camera is covered, causing the system to misinterpret blurry images of pedestrians. ...

Farid S. Nassar1,2, Osama A. El-Sayed3, Saidi Ouassaf4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2* 

... old. From 22-42 days of age, the birds were divided into four experimental groups (10 replicate pens × 10 chicks each) in which the birds were fed on a finisher-based diet supplemented with 0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg FS powder (FS0, FS10, FS20, and FS30 groups, respectively). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a polynomial contrasts test to explore the linear and quadratic trends of the FS increasing levels in broiler diets. The overall amount...

Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu1*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon1, Sachin Kumar1, Tejdeep Kaur Kler1 and Anureet Kaur Chandi2

...020 to March 2021 in village Mukrabpur, district Rupnagar (pond I), village Gopalpur, district Ludhiana (pond II) and in Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) campus (pond III), district Ludhiana. Out of 67 bird species recorded 44, 47 and 46 were observed at pond I, pond II and pond III respectively. Seventeen species of purely insectivorous and 19 species of partially insectivorous bird species were recorded. In total, 19 i...

Lingang Dai1,2,3, Xiang Chen1,2,3, Jiajin Huang1,2,3, Jiali Xu1,2,3, Meimei Xiao1,2,3, Jiajing Chen1,2,3 and Yong Ruan1,2,3*

...ver, it has the disadvantages of smaller individuals, slower growth rate and low feed conversion rate, so, we introduced Boer goat as the male parent and crossed with Guizhou white goat to obtain F3 generation of Boer × White goat hybrid to improve its production performance. To study the effect of PGAM2 gene polymorphisms on the performance of F3 generation hybrid goats, the relationship between PGAM2 gene polymorphisms and slaughter traits, meat qualit...

Kouengoua Kouengoua Armelle Prudence1*, Yessinou Roland2, Nankam Chimi Roland1, Fotsac Dzousse Muller1, Kouam Alain1, Djuikwo Felicite1, Facho Balaam1, Awah Ndukum Julius3, Farougou Souaibou2 

...prevalence, host, causal agents, methods of diagnostics, risk factors. After several screenings, six articles were considered for this systematic review. East and Southern Africa countries carry on most researches on bovine tuberculosis in wildlife. Available studies assessed the status of wild mammal, carnivore. Further researches to improve the knowledge on the status of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife in Africa are still needed in order to allow proper dise...

Vladimir Vasilievich Shimalov  

..., 1758) inhabits of drainage channels banks on reclaimed areas, where a specific complex of helminths is formed. The aim of the study is to conduct a helminthological investigation of common shrews inhabiting on drainage channel banks on model reclamation systems in Brest Polesie (South-West Belarus), to establish the species composition of helminths and their infection of these animals under conditions of increased anthropo...

Ahmed M. Manthoor, Ali H. Saliem* 

...s shrunk, rough, and leakage of the intracellular substances when treated with the MIC of the extract. From the foregoing results, we can be concluded that alcoholic extract of P. oleracea has an effect on E. coli in vitro by certain mechanism of action when compared with ciprofloxacin. 

...

Shakir Ullah1* and Lubna Shakir

...t-align: justify;">Plant age and geographical location are among the internal and external factors respectively that influence the phytochemical composition of medicinal plants. Euphorbia helioscopia, (sun spurge or madwoman’s milk) (Euphorbiaceae) is a wild medicinal plant that grows nearly in all phytogeographical zones of Bajaur. The plant location, age, and their interactions had a significant influence on the phyt...

Tabinda Nowsheen1, Sayed Wadood Ali Shah2, Ali Hazrat1*, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar4 and Muhammad Ajmal Khan3

...ct which suggested its usage for treatment and management of different contagious diseases. In the present study we concluded that A. maritima possess therapeutic effectiveness.

...

Faisal Alsaaq

...bserved. The fish assemblages in the area exhibited a balanced representation by all functional groups across different trophic levels, indicating a healthy state. Of particular interest were the families Chaetodontidae (butterfly fishes) and Serranidae (Groupers), known as reliable indicators of reef health and effective predators, respectively, as they were adequately represented. The family Labridae exhibited the highest number of species (16), followed by ...
Geeta Moolchandani1, Jaiperkash Moolchandani2*, Nasima Iqbal3
Syed Mohsin Turab4, Muhammad Kashif5 and Lubna Farooq6
...halopathy, like maternal age ≥ 35 years, social factors, family history of seizures or neurologic disease, infertility treatment, previous neonatal death, severe preeclampsia, multiple gestation, intrauterine growth restriction, trauma, breech presentation and antepartum hemorrhage. The aim of current study was to identify the associated risk factors which can lead to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. A descriptive cross-s...
Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui1,2*, Shabana Usman Simjee2,3, Nurul Kabir4, Muhammad Ateeq3,5, Kevin Joseph Jerome Borges6, Muhammad Raza Shah3 and Rahman M. Hafizur2
...due to various causative agents. Renal insult can result from ischemia, drugs, renal obstruction, inflammation, or extensive muscle injury. The current study focused only on Rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. We make an attempt to uncover the preventive efficacy of cinnamic acid (CA) and CA-conjugated gold nanoparticles (CA-AuNPs) against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI induced in mice. CA (50 mg/Kg) and CA-AuNPs (30 mg/Kg) were given to the animals for four days. On the ...
Nael Abutaha, Fahd A. AL-Mekhlafi*, Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim, 
Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa and Mohamed A. Wadaan
...ed on the third instar stage as recommended by WHO. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, and phenolic compounds. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 5 compounds, of which α-Copaene constituted 61.95% of the extract. The hexane extract showed good larvicidal activity, with an LC50 = 33.9 μg mL−1 and LC90 = 64.1 µg/mL at 24 h post exposure. The midgut sections of treated larvae showed mo...

Seyed Ahmed Reza Hashemi1, Teymour Aminrad1, Asadullah Ali Muhammad2*, Mastooreh Doustdar3 and Parastoo Mohebi Derakhsh3

...ngth and weight. The average estimated number of sea cucumber post Monsoon and per Monsoon was 1.85 million (1.22-2.48) and 1.73 million (1.97-1.49) in the eastern area of Sistan and Baluchestan province, respectively. The total biomass ranged from 601-372 tons, and the harvestable biomass in the two seasons was between 53-90 tons. Contrast worth of phosphate showed substantial differences among diverse stations (P<0.05), while further parameters did not sh...

Ahokpossi AGAC1,2*, Salifou CFA2, Youssao Abdou Karim I2, Ameyapoh Y3 

...aughtered at 12 weeks of age and 8 weeks of age, respectively; groups 2 and 3 were reared in free-range and slaughtered at 20 weeks of age. The slaughter ages were chosen according to farmers’ practices. For the confinement-raised birds, Cobb 500 had the highest averages of live weight, hot carcass weight, cold c...
Muhammad Saleem1, Saifullah Khan2* and Mahmood ul Hasan3
 
...commends that project management should make effective contingency planning, experienced ways of acquiring the materials, acquire human capital from foreign markets, external factors, the release of funds on time and raw materials. The results of the study will be helpful for general practitioners consult the problems and recognize the factors associated with the project delays. The work will provide a base for the further research to incoming researchers, sta...
Syed Tayyab ul Mazhar1, Hasnain Khan1, Uzma Afzal1*, Shazia Usmani1 and Tariq Mahmood2
...t analysis, natural language processing, psychology and others.
...
Syed Tayyab ul Mazhar1, Hasnain Khan1, Uzma Afzal1*, Shazia Usmani1 and Tariq Mahmood2
...t analysis, natural language processing, psychology and others.
...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Taghreed H. A. Ali2, Nayerah Alatfeehy3, Dalia Elmasry4 

...ovide a scientific advantage in dealing with foodborne pathogens. The number of Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks caused by eating food is increasing worldwide, and people are increasingly looking for natural ways to stop the development of L. monocytogenes. In this context, propolis, a natural substance produced by bees, looks like an attractive option owing to its antibacterial action against many pathogens in food. The aim of this study is to investigate the...

Haseeb Zafar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Zain-Ul- Abideen1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Sibtain Ahmad3 , Umbreen Zafar2 

... different antimicrobial agents. A total of 150 samples from a variety of sources (cecum, feed, bedding, water, air, and flies; n = 25 each) were collected from five distinct broiler farms (n=30/farm) in the district of Quetta. Samples were streaked on selective (Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar) and differential medium (MacConkey’s agar) plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After isolation, organisms were further identified through Gram stainin...

Abdul Hassan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1 and Muhammad Ishaq2

...velihood strategies. Average index value of livelihood asset was 0.297 in the area, that indicates the disadvantageous nature in livelihood asset of agricultural households, uncovering the subtle living standard of agricultural households and lacking prospects of economic development. The research findings reveal that human capital, financial and social capital of livelihood asset has positive significant effect on the choic...

Ram Prasad Ghimire

...he major sources of roughage feeds for grazing goats. A study was conducted in order to determine the fodder quality of some common pasture browse species among them. The study included the analysis of fodders in the laboratory for nutrient composition, the feeding experiment determining fodder intake and weight gain monitoring in the goats, and a subsequent in-vivo experiment determining the apparent digestibility of fodder nutrients of those browse species. ...

Nurul Fajeriana1*, Akhmad Ali1 and Retno Puspa Rini2

...are and analyze soil tillage and contour-oriented planting models with the aim of minimizing erosion and surface runoff. This research was carried out on land with a 23% slope and featured three treatments, i.e., N0 (plots with soil loosening only), N1 (erosion plots with contour-aligned soil bunds), and N2 (erosion plots with bench terraces along the contour). All plots were planted with kale (Ipomoea aquatica) as ground cover. According to the research findi...

Pedro Nunes1*, José Teixeira1,2, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Divanildo Monteiro1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

...ment group at 64 days of age. No significant differences were observed among the treatment groups, except for caecum length, which was greater in the control diet compared to the EOC diets, and cecal content dry matter, which was lower in the control diet relative to the EOC10 diet. Consequently, this study validates the potential utility of exhausted olive cake as a valuable component in rabbit fattening diets, serving as a substitute for dietary fiber in tra...

Mathew O. Ayoola1*, Kayode Sasona1, Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun2, Tolulope O. Faniyi3, Abel O. Oguntunji1, Tunde E. Lawal1

...floor [H2], and battery cage [H3]) and three feeding systems (forage only [F1], concentrate feed only [F2], and forage + concentrate [F3]) in a 3x3 factorial completely randomized experimental design for ten weeks. The study found that the main effect of housing and feeding systems with their interaction had a significant (p<0.05) effect on measured growth and hematological parameters. ...

Budianto Panjaitan1, Husnurrizal Husnurrizal2, V.Y. Edward3, D.A. Nishcaya3, Teuku Armansyah4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2, Mulyadi Adam5, Arman Sayuti1, Amalia Sutriana4, Hafizuddin Hafizuddin2*

... (ELISA) method. The average spermatozoa volume (mL); concentration (106 cells/mL); and testosterone concentration (ng/mL) in P1 vs. P2, were 4.82±1.93 vs. 4.92±2.45; 889.0±250.50 vs. 721.0±246.25 (P<0.05); and 8.352.34 vs. 9.60±2.24 (P>0.05), respectively. It is concluded that the PGF2α injection 1 hour prior to the collection was able to increase the spermatozoa concentration compared to the 2 hours of treatment...

Salema Lafta Hassan1*, Taghred Jabbar Humadai1, Sabrin Ibraheem Mohsin

... into four groups at the age of two months. The first group (G1) was given Folcord (500 mg/kg) orally daily for four weeks, whereas the second group (G2) was given Folcord as well as I/P inoculation with 0.1 ml oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) of Pasteurella multocida twice a week for two weeks. The third group was vaccinated by I/P with 0.1 ml oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) of Pasteurella multocida in two doses separated by two weeks. The fourth group (G4) was assigned...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Yeria Banoet, Welhelmina Wahon, Cytske Sabuna, Melkianus Dedimus Same Randu, Yanse Yane Rumlaklak, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay

...ens up to eight weeks of age, fed banana peels up to 20% were not significantly different (P<0.05) with control diet.
 
Keywords | Banana peel, Fermentation, Nutrition, Crossbred native chicken, Feed intake, Weight gain
...

Nasir Shah1,4, Muhammad Ibrahim1*, Zarnosh Habib2, Kalsoom3 and Zahir Shah4

...onse of different life stages of peach fruit fly to plant extracts having insecticidal properties. Extract of three native plant species (Azadirachta indica, Zataria multiflora, Achillea santolina) and their various concentration (2, 1, and 0.5%) were used for the purpose. Firstly, the artificial diet of fruit flies was subjected to these treatments, while on the other hand chikoo fruits which were used for flies to settle on, were dipped in same concentration...

Qing Cao1, Wei Jiao2, Huihui Lu1, Jing Zhang2, Meiling Ren3, Yan Xu1* and Shuyang Hu1*

...abetes mellitus, poor management of blood glucose may result in the elevation in platelet activation, further inducing the hypercoagulability of blood and increases in the incidence rate of thromboembolism and death rate, suggesting that CHD patients with type II diabetes mellitus should pay more attention to the management of blood glucose and monitor the platelet function and activation of thrombin, thereby minimizing the ...

Qing Cao1, Wei Jiao2, Huihui Lu1, Jing Zhang2, Meiling Ren3, Yan Xu1* and Shuyang Hu1*

...abetes mellitus, poor management of blood glucose may result in the elevation in platelet activation, further inducing the hypercoagulability of blood and increases in the incidence rate of thromboembolism and death rate, suggesting that CHD patients with type II diabetes mellitus should pay more attention to the management of blood glucose and monitor the platelet function and activation of thrombin, thereby minimizing the ...

Faramin Javandel Soum Sarai1, Mir Daryoush Shakouri2* and Alireza Seidavi3*

...%) form 29 to 42 days of age. All supplements significantly improved daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of birds compared with the control (P<0.05). The treatments reduced the abdominal fat (P<0.05) and had no effect on the other carcass traits. Relative weight of immune organs was significantly increased by the dietary treatments (P<0.05). The supplements caused a significant increase in total protein and a decrease in glu...

Limbang Kustiawan Nuswantara, Eko Pangestu, Marry Christiyanto, Santoso Dwi Pratomo, Elyza Zahrotul Muhtaromah

...f feed in the form of forage elephant grass with different levels concentrat of 25, 50 and 75%, and control treatment in the form of rations that are usually given by farmers. The parameters observed were Dry Matter digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter digestibility (OMD) and Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN). The results showed that giving treatment feed in the form of the addition of concentrate at different levels containing additional tree legume did not sign...

Heni Indrijani*, Asep Anang, Muhammad Farhan Fadilah, Nena Hilmia, Maya Fitriani

...ales Sentul Debu chicken aged 11 months, while the second group consisted of 13 males and 146 females Sentul Kulawu chicken aged 14 months. The hatching eggs produced from breeding one line and crossbreeding were hatched for 21 days, resulting in fertility, and hatchability was calculated as a value of the heterosis effect. Each DOC was identified by wing tagging as identification in body weight at 1-12 weeks. These data are...

Khaeruddin1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Muhammad Yusuf3, Iswati4, Setya Budhi Udrayana4, Sri Wahjuningsih2*

...into the diluent and storage time on the quality of Gaga chicken spermatozoa during liquid storage. The semen was collected using abdominal massage methods and divided into 4 tubes filled with diluent. For the analysis, the diluent selected was egg yolk Ringer’s lactate added with BHT at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 mM, respectively as well as a control treatment without BHT. Liquid...

Henny Leondro1*, Peni Wahyu Prihandini2, Yuli Arif Tribudi3, Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih1, Dimas Pratidina Puriastuti Hadiani1, Agung Kusuma Wijaya4, Dyah Tuwi Ramsiati2, Mochammad Chanafi2, Wahyuni Indah Wulansari2

...m had a higher DM percentage (29.12%) value than other herbaceous legumes. C. ternatea had the highest CP (21.96 %DM) and TDN (59.81 %DM). In conclusion, the legumes studied have high nutritional content and have the potential to be developed as animal feed, especially in tropical areas.
 
Keywords | Herbaceous legume, Proximate analysis, Biomass production, Nutritional value, Animal feed
...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,3*, Nguyen Ba Trung1,3, Nguyen Thi Bich Hạnh2,3

...DF55 treatments. The average weight gain was the same as digestive CP in the present study. It was 552 g for NDF43 treatment and 517 g for NDF55 treatment. Therefore, the levels of NDF well for Charolais crossbred cattle in this study from high to low were 43, 47, 51 and 55%. The likely benefit of 51% NDF will be an increase in the utilization of fibrous roughage and daily weight gain from 9 to 12 months of

Kadhim Kh. K. Al-Khayat1*, Athmar K. A. Al-Azawi2

...white floating scolex (evagenated or invagenated) or pus-filled in the older cysts , distribution of cysts was 47.27% (26/55) in mesentery, 21.82% (12/55) in liver, 21.82% (12/55) free within abdominal cavity and 9.09% (5/55) in omentum with Significant differences (P<0.05).  The cyst diameters range between 7-21mm. in length and 4-10mm. in width. The PCR amplification results of 14 positive samples for NAD1 (500bp.)...
Pratap A. Divekar1,2*, Sampat K Patel2, Guru Pirasanna Pandi G3, Manimurugan C2,4, Vikas Singh2 and Jagdish Singh1
...dback moth (DBM) and cabbage butterfly (CB) are serious cabbage yield limiting factors in India. Considering insecticide resistance development in these pests, a study was conducted to find out the effective chemical molecule for managing these pests. Several novel insecticides were evaluated against Diamon back moth (DBM) and CB during spring season of 2019 and 2020. Efficacy of insecticides was determined by comparing larv...

Muhammad Yasin1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Sana Rubab2 and Sumaira Maqsood3

...ys of exposure at the dosages in combination of highest dose of B. bassiana and DE. While, after last exposure 100% mortality was achieved at highest dose rate of B. bassiana and both doses of DEs. Contrarily, 100% mortality of Trogoderma granarium was recorded after 15 days of exposure at highest dose rate of B. bassiana and both DEs. The progeny emergence was significantly lower in combined treatments of B. bassiana and DE at highest dose rate for both insec...

Shakir Ullah1*, Lubna Shakir2, Ghani Subhan3 and Mohammad Sohail4

...es at different growth stages (Full irrigation, irrigation regimes at vegetable growth, flowering, and pod full stages) on yield and yield components of two soybean varieties (1448 and Egyptian) under semi-arid regions. The results indicated that irrigation regime applications had a significant effect on most of the traits except the weight of the plant. The pod full stage is more affected...

Riaz Hussain1, Adnan Ihsan2*, Jawad Sarwar2, Nauman Ahmad2, Noor Ullah2, Arbab Luqman2, Muhammad Junaid2 and Hizer Ali2 

Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Ruth Foluke Aminu1, Emmanuel Edegbo1, Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1, Danjuma Muhammed2, Jesse Joseph Chock3, Helen Ojomachenwu Ocean4 and Yahaya Ocholi5

...wo or three viruses. The age group 21-40 years demonstrated greater exposure to HBV (7.57%), HCV (0.37%), and HIV (1.17%) infection than the others. More male than female participants had HBV (3.3% vs. 2.4%). On the contrary, both genders were equally infected with HCV (0.2% vs. 0.2%), while more of the females had HIV (0.6% Vs. 0.0%). Nevertheless, neither gender nor age of exposure significantly influenced any of the three...
Yongtao Xu1, Dandan Wang1, Xiaolong Hu1, Minling Li1, Ming Tang1, Wuhua Liu2, Jianwen Zhan2 and Weiwei Zhang1*
...cies conservation and management. The metabarcoding trnL regions of the chloroplast genome from 30 fecal samples of Taohongling sika deer were amplified with universal primers and sequenced by high-throughput. We found that 28 out of 30 valid samples had a total of 677,856 valid amplified sequences with an average valid sequence of 24,209.14±323.83. A total of 326 OTUs were obtained from 28 valid samples, and the MP, ...

Pankaj Gargotra1, Judith Betsy C1*, Cheryl Antony2 and Stephen Sampath Kumar J3

... mean weight gain percentage (70.74 ± 1.219), mean DGR (0.16 ± 0.003) and mean SGR (3.13 ± 0.0037). Based on the histological observation, maximum maturity of L. thermalis was obtained when fed with diet incorporated with 200 mg/kg vitamin E. All the treatments recorded higher mean estimated growth and maturation parameters when compared to control and were significantly different (p<0.05). The results obtained were statistically analys...

Rehana Shahida1, Shagufta Naz1*, Tasnim Farasat1, Saima Sharif1, Shah Jahan2 and Farkhanda Manzoor1

...bomodulin on vascular damage in the patients having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to identify the relationship of IL-6 with insulin resistance. The patients visiting Amin Hayat Memorial Diabetic Center, Lahore from (January 2017 to October 2017) the subjects following WHO criteria of IGT and Diabetes were included. Demographic parameters as age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, blood pressure, and socioeconomic statu...

Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2, Imtiaz Hussain3, Gulzar Ullah1, Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Arshad Farooq3 and Rashid Muhammad4

... attributes at various stages of harvesting, i.e., Lemon green, Semi-ripe and Ripe. The extracted oil from Manzanilla fruits has lower Peroxide Value (POV) (3.21 meq kg-1) with high chlorophyll (4.58 mg L-1) as well as Phenol (616.67 mg kg-1) contents. The extracted oil from Frontoio fruits exhibited a lower percentage of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) (0.43%) and a higher carotene content (2.70 mg L-1). These quality values fell wi...

Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ali Zohaib2 and Ishtiaq Hassan3

...tion to conventional tillage/broadcasting method (CT). As the SS has not been adopted on large scale to find out its adopters easily; therefore, twenty innovative farmers were included in sampling frame with non-probability sampling procedure for field survey as well as six field experiments were conducted in Gujranwala zone, Pakistan to evaluate four sowing techniques, i.e., CT, happy seeder, ridge sowing and SS with Randomized Complete Block Design. As compa...

Muhammad Usman1*, Muhammad Uzair Khalid2, Muhammad Hasnain3*, Muhammad Tauseef4, Ali Raza4, Muhammad Akram4, Muhammad Shahid4, Abrar Ahmad4, Muhammad Shoaib Ismail1, Rabia Afzal2, Atta-Ulla2 and Muhammad Hussnain Babar3

...trol under different tillage operations just like zero tillage, conventional tillage, deep tillage, and bed sowing. Result showed that osmo-priming is the best method to increase the plant height (94.74cm), tillers (311.49 m-2), spike length (10.18cm), number of grains per spike (43.24), grain yield (4244.8kg ha-1), straw yield (8330.5kg ha-1) and Harves...

Anisa Muthia Fakhira1, Madihah Madihah1, Susi Susanah2, Erick Khristian3, Ratu Safitri1*

...to ascertain the iron dosage that affects changes in pancreatic beta cell structure and fasting blood glucose levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study using 7 treatment groups with 4 replications. Iron dextran (ID) was administered intravenously in three 3-day intervals, with cumulative doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg BW, whether the control injected with physiological sodium chloride solution. The results of the study showed that bo...

Eman Said El-Hadad*, Hesham Ahmed Madian, Mahmoud A.E. Hassan, Mohamed Fahmy Saad, Abdelghany M. El-Shhat, Entesar Zakaria Eliraqy

...train) with 10 months of age and 3.20±0.25 kg body weight was divided into three groups (10 birds/group). Ganders were kept under normal hot climate in summer of Egypt and fed ad libitum on a commercial mash diet (15.2% CP and ME of 2690 Kcal/kg). The control group (G1) was fed on a basal diet, while G2 and G3 were fed the basal diet with 0.2 and 0.4 g AR/kg, respectively. At the end of an experimental period of three months, five ganders were slaughter...

Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2

...emale goats, with an average initial body weight used in this experiment was 27.7±1.63 kg at about 10 months old. The experiment was designed as Latin Square with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The study composed of 4 periods. Each period lasted for 3 weeks with 2 weeks for adaptation, followed by 1 week for data collection of feed intake, faeces, and urine to determine the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention. The goats were weighed on 3 con...

Thobela Louis Tyasi*, Lebo Ngorima, Victoria Rankotsane Hlokoe

...itamu farm in Ntsima village in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The Pearson’s correlation findings displayed that egg weight (EW) had a highly positive remarkable association (P < 0.01) with egg length (EL), yolk weight (YW), egg width (EWD), albumen weight (AW), shell surface area (SSA), albumen ratio (AR) and egg volume (EV), and a highly negative remarkable relationship (P < 0.01) with Y/A. Stepwise results revealed that the model, including EV,...

Elly Roza*, Salam N. Aritonang, Yulia Yellita, Hilda Susanty, Rizqan

... production that the average milk production for 294 days of lactation is 1.76 kg per lactation. Buffalo milk has an advantage 6–8% fat and 4–8% protein compared to 3–4% fat and protein content in cow’s milk. Generally, the maintenance of dairy buffalo is still traditional, so the productivity of Murrah buffalo is still not optimal. This study aims to improve the health of Murrah buffalo by providing ...

Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Hajar Benmhammed1, Sidi Mohamed Coulibaly1,3, Miloud Chakit1, Laila Ibouzine-dine1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El-Hessni1

...of rats across different ages (adolescence, emerging adulthood, and middle adulthood) and the possible existence of sexual dimorphisms. Rat pups were maternally deprived on postnatal day 9 for 24 hours. The rats of both genders were then tested in the open field and the elevated plus-maze tests for anxiety, and in the forced swimming test for depression at different time points. Additionally, we removed the PFC for biochemical analysis, specifically measuring ...

Diky Ramdani1*, Dwi Cipto Budinuryanto1,2, Siti Darodjah Rasad1, Novi Mayasari3, Krisna Rizki Rismawan1, Muhammad Fajryanto Solihin1, Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1

...lusion of Papaya peel silage (PPS) is believed to improve the nutritional quality of dietary paddy straw silage (PSS) in sheep, showcasing its potential as an anthelmintic. A total of 18 naturally Strongylus-infected Priangan male lambs (initially with an average mean of 120 ± 31.8 eggs/g feces) were allocated using a completely randomized design. The objective was to compare three ...

Wael Halawa1, Raed M. Al-Atiyat2*, Jamal Abo Omar1, Faisal S. Rashaydeh3, Fath Ullah4, Shakirullah5 and Berkant Ismail Yildiz6

...il weaning at 60 days of age. However, the artificial suckling groups (G2) were isolated from dams and fed milk replacer ad libitum until weaning at 40 days of age. Lambs of the G3 were isolated from mothers and took their milk replacer through an automatic sucking machine four times a day, for half an hour each time, until weaning at 40 days. The results showed that weaning weights at 40 days were 13.7, 12.83 and 13 kg for ...

Peixia Yu1*, Lijun Bo2 and Xueyin Song1

...ats. 120 male rats (mean age = 3 months) were randomly assigned to six conditions: control group (group S), I/R group, normal saline (NS) I/R group, and low, medium and high dose Fen groups, where in high dose group: Fen1:2μg/kg; Fen2:4μg/kg; Fen3:6μg/kg. The measured items included heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), ±dp/dtmax, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cr...

Suhad Mohmmed Alrobyrai1 , Falah Muosa Al-Rekabi2*

...ut it can cause liver damage when taken in high doses or for prolonged periods. Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) and Tempol are two antioxidants that have been shown to protect against various forms of oxidative stress and inflammation. This study explored the hepatoprotective effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) and Tempol against subacutely repeated acetaminophen (APAP) exposure in a murine model. Fifty male Balb-c mice were divided into five groups. Groups received 70...

Ruth Dameria Haloho1*, Jisril Palayukan1, Agus Setiadi2, Edy Rianto2, Nadlirotun Luthfi3

... respondents by a multistage random sampling method. The data were obtained by observation and direct interviews the farmers. The data was analysed descriptively and quantitatively. The study showed that there are two kinds of buffalo in West Sulawesi, the first one is the expensive buffalo and raised by intensive system. The expensive buffalo were consisted of Saleko, Doti Salamba and Bonga. The another one is Pudu (black) buffalo that reared by grazing syste...

Hilwah Nora1,2, Rajuddin2*, Hafizuddin3, Rachmad Suhanda4, M. Fathurrahman5

...umin as an antifertility agent. The test animals in this study were Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) three-month-old males weighing 300 g. Rats were acclimatized for 7 days and given standard feed and water ad libitum. During the research, rats were given standard 552SP feed. A total of six rats were used in this study, then divided into two treatment groups, namely C1 (given standard feed and distilled water orally (without curcumin)); and C2 (given standard f...

Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati

...il Pro Kit. A shotgun metagenomic sequencing process from the MGI DNBSEQ-G400 platform was carried out to obtain DNA sequence data from the genes in the sample. The resulting DNA sequence data were then analyzed using MEGAN6 software using the SEED subsystem. The investigation reveals a notable abundance of AMR genes, with bacitracin resistance standing out prominently, particularly associated with the prevalence of Bacillus pumilus. Metal and environmental re...

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

...formance, and the percentage of first estrous in sixteen heifers at 12-15 m and averaging 100.09 kg in a randomized block design with a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial pattern, where factor A represented crude protein, and factor B represented the TDN level of the ration. The treatment combinations were A1B1 (CP 10% and TDN 60%), A1B2 (CP 10% and TDN 65%), A2B1 (CP 12% and TDN 60%), and A2B2 (CP 12% and TDN 65%). The results revealed a significant interaction between fact...

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

...formance, and the percentage of first estrous in sixteen heifers at 12-15 m and averaging 100.09 kg in a randomized block design with a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial pattern, where factor A represented crude protein, and factor B represented the TDN level of the ration. The treatment combinations were A1B1 (CP 10% and TDN 60%), A1B2 (CP 10% and TDN 65%), A2B1 (CP 12% and TDN 60%), and A2B2 (CP 12% and TDN 65%). The results revealed a significant interaction between fact...

Ida Indrayani*, Andi Andri, Tevina Edwin

 
 
...imal feed, especially forage by utilizing agricultural and plantation waste becomes an essential factor in developing a sustainable beef cattle business. We aimed to determine the potential for beef cattle development, and analyze the index and sustainability status based on four sustainable dimensions. We collected data from 60 beef cattle farmers in Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Livestock feed requirements are based on dry matter digestib...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Montesqrit, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

...t of temperature and storage duration on the physical quality of Japanese quail eggs (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) when fed a diet containing fermented Turbinaria murayana. The study employed a completely randomized design 2x3 factorial with four replications. Factor A represents the storage temperature, comprising room temperature and refrigerator temperature, while factor B represents the storage

Abdul Haseeb1, Yasir Iftikhar1, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan1*, Safdar Ali2, Rana Binyamin3, Salman Ghuffar4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani5,6

...foe effective disease management strategies.

...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1 and Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2

...fore, Integrated Pest Management strategies should be strongly recommended to secure and enhance the citriculture industry.

...

Wahid Hussein El-Dabae*, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Eslam Gaber Sadek, Mai Mohamed Kandil

...ted hens eggs for 20 passages. The attenuated virus was used to vaccinate 20 SPF chicks and its protective efficacy was checked. Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) of the attenuated strain was 0.2, the mean death time (MDT) was 120 hours and infectvity titer was 7 log10 EID50/ml compared to 1.97 ICPI, 36 hours MDT, and 9.5 log10 EID50/ml of the original strain. The attenuated AOAV-1 was protective in vaccinated chicks by means of HI antibody response and...

Diding Latipudin*, Chitra Kumalasari, Lovita Adriani

... all treatments. The average body weight in T2 treatment was greater (P <0.05) than other treatments. Supplementation of dried probiotics in T2 increased carcass percentage (P> 0.05) compared to other treatments. The average blood creatinine level in T0 was lower (P <0.0.5) than other treatments. Blood urea nitrogen level in T0 was lower (P> 0.05) than other treatments. Whereas...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Amira A. Elokle2, Dalia Y. Youssef2, Neven M. Omara2, Samr Kassem3

...xin) expression. The average particle size was 250 nm and 281.4 nm for CS-NPs and CS-LZ- NPs and the PDI (polydispersity index) was 0.09 and 0.58, respectively. TEM imaging showed uniformity and ranging in size from 13.1 to 17.6 nm and 15.6 to 19.5 nm for CS-NPs and CS-LZ-NPs, respectively. In the SRB (sulforhodamine B) assay, CS-NPs, and CS-LZ-NPs showed no toxicity at concentrations ranging from 50 to 450 µg/mL for both nanoparticles. The MIC of CS-NPS...

Sara Brikat, Mouloud Lamtai*, Miloud Chakit, Laila Ibouzine-Dine, Ilhame Fitah, Oumaima Abouyaala, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Aboubaker El Hessni

...s. 36 female Wistar rats aged 2 months and weighing 74 to 100 g were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: 2 groups would receive a standard diet which a group serve as control and a group receive 100 mg/kg/d of Curc and 30 mg/kg/d of Losartan (Curc + Los), 4 groups would receive the high HFD diet: one group serve as control (HFD), a group will receive 100 mg/kg/day of Curc, qualified (HFD + Curc), a group will receive 30 mg/kg/day of Losartan, qualified ...

Cut Intan Novita1,2, Kartini Eriani3, Amalia Sutriana4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar5,6*, Ni Wayan Karja7

...5) at each development stage, with the highest number occurring in the primordial and primary follicle stages.   The number of primordial and primary follicles on day 14 of vitrification the control group vs the BPE group was 62.08±18.25 vs 72.72±5.67 and 45.62±15,9 vs 65.78±7.17, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of BPE to the vitrification medium could increase the number of in...

Zahid I. Mohammed

... A total of 28 male kids aged 4-5 months, with body weight 18.35 to 22.76 kg, were randomly assigned to four nutritional groups (each group involved 7 animals). The first group was fed concentrate diet 3% of the body weight every day and was deemed to be the control group. The second group was daily fed concentrate diet 3% of the body weight in addition to Spirulina (2gm/head). The third group was daily fed concentrate diet 3% of body weight which contains Spi...

Shirina Akter Toma1, Shah Ahmed Belal2, Md Abdul Baset3, Md Nazim Uddin3*

...re slaughtered at market age (306 days spent hen and 28 days broiler). The thigh, drumstick, breast, and wing muscles from both sides of the carcasses were separated. The right thigh, drumstick, breast, and wing meat was vacuumed pack and kept at 4°C until it was examined for cooking loss, drip loss, pH, color, and nutritional qualities. Meat from the breast, and thighs of spent hens contained more protein than broiler meat. The spent hen’s breasts h...

Eluzia A. Barus*, Khansa N. Salsabilah, Achmad Firman, Linda Herlina

...amara Farm, Cigendel Village, Pamulihan District, Sumedang Regency, in October 2023. Data collection consisted of primary and secondary data obtained using the interview method. Based on the research results, Camara Farm’s average total production cost per period for a year was Rp. 2,342,573,664. The average revenue per production period was Rp. 2,429,151,070, so the aver

Shahid Iqbal1, Arshad Khan, Ali Hazrat1*, Gul Rahim, Mohammad Ihsan1, Umar Zad Gul1, Maryam Bibi1, Khadija Bibi1 and Muhammad Mukhtiar2

... divided into 2 main lineages and further subdivided into 6 clusters where the genotypes A1 and A9 were found the most diverse and were found at the extreme of the Dendrogram. For total seed, storage proteins all the genotypes were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis using 12.5% acrylamide gel, where a total of 14 polymorphic bands were observed. In Band 1 the highest degree of variation (0.83%...

Genlong Zhan1*, Yunhua Zheng2, Desheng Li*4 and Hongmei Zhang3

...ients, and has the advantages of simplicity and high safety.

...

Tayfun Karatas1*, Betul Apaydın Yıldırım2 and Serkan Yıldırım3

...istopathology and DNA damage caused by CMN.

...

Aniqa Qaisar, Shabana Naz* and Sajida Arooj

...o investigate the DNA damage, particularly due to heavy metals contamination in the environment of captive Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) kept at different geographical regions of Punjab (Jallo Wildlife Park Lahore, Wildlife Park Bahawalnagar and Wildlife Park Murree). For that purpose, Surface soil, deep soil, water, fecal and feed samples were collected as indicators to estimate the heavy metals pollution in the environment of captive P. cristatus. Cr. Pb, ...
Sijie Jian1,2,3,4, Wei Sun1,3, Jia Chao1,2, Na Rong1,4, Xiang Liu1,2,3,4* and Chen Chen1,2,3,4*
...sis of phagocytic percentage (PP) and phagocytic index (PI) increased (p < 0.05); the inflammation-related genes expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α decreased (p < 0.05) in kidneys and spleens after challenging with A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens; and reduced injury to the kidneys, spleens and intestines; there was no significant change in the antioxidant-related factors of MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. Therefore, Slp has passive protecti...

Sudip Kumar Sharma1, Al-Nur Md. Iftekhar Rahman1,2, Mahfuzul Islam1,3*  

...dogs had a higher percentage of clinical cases (about 69% vs. 31%) than female dogs (p<0.001). Dogs aged seven months to three years had a higher percentage of reported clinical cases (62%) than dogs of other ages (p<0.001). Breed, sex, and age all had a substantial impact on the disease categories (p<0.05). I...

Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu

...ion and necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration, were found in diseased crayfish. In conclusion, this study confirmed the pathogen of whitish muscle disease in farmed P. clarkii, and preliminarily investigated the biological characteristic, pathogenicity and drug sensitivity of this bacterium. The results of this study will provide scientific guidance for the effective prevention and control of muscle turbidity of P. clarkii.

...
Fen Wang1,2, Lin Zuo1,2, Xiang Zhou1,2, Zhu Chen1,2, Xiao Na Xu1,2, Suo Fei Ji1,2, Guan Jun Hou1,2, Cheng Jun Zhu2, Ye Zhang3, You Feng Su4, Gendong Jin5, Jia Jia Wang1,2, Yuan Gao6, Guang Tong Song1,2* and Ye Lin Jiang1,2*
...). Additionally, the collagen content of type A calipash was significantly higher than that of type B (P<0.05). Collectively, our findings indicated that selective breeding could improve the nutritional value of T. sinensis from the Yangtze River.

...
Aatif Masood Ahmad Khan1, Masood Rabbani1*, Arfan Ahmad1, Muhammad Wasim2 and Sohail Raza1
...ragallinarum, the causal agent of Infectious Coryza (IC), from layer chickens in various farms in Pakistan. A total of 46 isolates were obtained from a total of 244 clinical samples from 122 sick and moribund or dead layer chickens showing signs of IC like slight swelling of infra orbital sinuses and nostril mucus membranes. Two sampling sites were chosen, squeezing the nostrils for live birds and infra orbital sinus for moribund killed with later providing mo...
Nusrat Bano1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Bushra Muneer2, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Ali Raza Awan1
...nd detection of dengue stage for the proper treatment of infection. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore and Jinnah Hospital Lahore (JHL) from January to December 2013. Total 345 clinically suspected patients reporting to JHL were serologically diagnosed for dengue specific antigen and antibodies. In this study 20 patients of febrile illness other than Deng...

Rahib Ali Chachar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Manatbai Bakhetgul2

.... Lymphocytes (L) percentage was recorded highest (p < 0.05) in T3 followed by T2, T1 and T0 groups. While, heterophil (H) percentage and H/L ratio were found lowest (p < 0.05) in T3 followed by T2, T1, and T0 groups. It is concluded that moringa and neem leaf meal in combined form (5%+1%) have a significant potential to modulate immunity, haematological profile and gut microflora in Japanese quails.

...

Lijuan Liu1, Jinghang Chen2*, Min Wang3 and Wei Li4

... acid-sensitive bond linkage can achieve drug release in alveolar macrophages; and personalized modified prodrugs can achieve drug release in alveolar macrophages. It is possible to produce physicochemical qualities suited for inhalation administration while reducing medication toxicity. Overall, using prodrug technology may be able to meet the different needs of inhaled drug development a...

Shamsa Jabeen and Javed Iqbal Qazi*

...indicators for muscle damage. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus administration on CK and LDH levels in the serum of mice following extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscle grafting. Blood from the intact control as well as experimental and EDL muscle grafted mice was secured on day 3, 5, 7 and 14 post-transplantations. CK activity of control and EDL muscle grafted mice with probiotics showed 157% and 130% increa...

Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga 

...ers of about 47 years of age with an average of 5 years of poultry farming experience, who made more profit from their production than the rest of the older and more experienced farmers (groups 2 and 3). This study therefore showed that the productivity of broiler farms in the coastal region of Tanzania was low to average, and the reasons for this included the high cost of poultry inputs, ...

Fazal Ur Rehman1*, Saeeda Fatehullah1, Ayaz Qadir1, Suleman Ahmad2, Siddique Usman2, Muhammad Asif2, Mukhtiar Ahmed1, Sunaina Rafi3, Muhammad Mohsin2, Ayesha Amanullah4, Faisal Shahzad2, Hasnain Raza2 

...eed with 1 to 3 years of age presented at University Outdoor Clinic which required anal sacculectomy. All the animals were categorized into two equal groups i.e. group-A and group-B. Group A underwent open anal sacculectomy and group 2 closed anal sacculectomy. To compare surgical techniques, various hemato-biochemical, physiological parameters and post-operative complications were evaluated. The data was analyzed by applying t-test using SPSS-20 version. Ther...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

Rondius Solfaine1, Faisal Fikri2, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama3, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama4, Iwan Sahrial Hamid5*

...male mice (Mus musculus) aged two to three months, divided into three groups: a control group administered with normal saline (D0), a CCoV-induced group (D1), and a group induced with CCoV along with 1 mL/kg body weight of Lactobacillus acidophilus for seven days (D2). The CCoV vaccine was administered subcutaneously at 0.5 mL/kg body weight, while the Lactobacillus acidophilus isolate was given orally for seven days. On the eighth day, all mouse groups were e...

Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree1, Pattaraporn Tatsapong1, Sukanya Yung-Rahang2, Prayad Thirawong2, Koonphol Pongmanee2*

...d the prevalence and average number of gastrointestinal parasites per chicken (worm burden) in Thai indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). A total of, 229 chickens (113 males and 116 females) were investigated in 3 selected districts in central Thailand. Chickens were raised under extensive backyard conditions and then slaughtered at ages 12, 14, 16 and 18 weeks. Standard parasitological procedures were used to dete...

Ghaith Z. Hasan Al-Askari *, Eman H. Yousif Al-Taee

...ealed congestion, hemorrhage, and degeneration of hepatic cells. Some sections of the kidneys show vacuolation of mesangial cells in the glomerular tuft. Muscles of treated rats revealed severe histopathological changes under stress from both doses of toxic cholecalciferol, also showing the widespread mineralization of muscle fibers. From this study concluded that both doses of vitamin D can be toxic to organisms at higher levels, so they need to be used caref...

Kalsoom Abdulrazaq1*, Bisma Arif1, Rimsha Mehboob2, Asma Mehboob3 

...e species: an infectious agent and two host organisms, which can either be humans or animals. They can spread directly through contact with diseased animals, such as rabies, and through bites, or indirectly through exposure to contaminated surroundings and contaminated food. Vectors, such as mosquitoes or ticks, play a role in the transmission of diseases like West Nile fever and Lyme disease, respectively. Several factors impact diseases caused by zoonoses, a...

Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Sheeza Bano1, Sadia Nazir3, Ghulam Abbas4, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha5, Maria Lateef2 and Fatima Yasmin2

...e replicates for each dosage in the tests. Significant variations were noted in the LC50 values and lethal responses for both fish species. Catla catla exhibited mean LC50 and lethal concentrations of 55.78±0.55 and 80.17±0.40mgL-1, respectively, while Labeo rohita showed values of 63.92±2.48 and 102.07±0.50mgL-1. Labeo rohita demonstrated higher sensitivity in terms of 96-hour LC50 compared to Catla catla, whereas Catla catla exhib...

Wafa’a Mohammad Abduwhab1*, Waseem Ali Hasan2, Mohanad Abdulsataar AL-Bayati3

...ce and therapeutic advantages while mitigating potential adverse reactions. The central objective of this research centers on assessing the curative impacts of the innovative Nano phytosome pumpkin-lidocaine gel in the context of third-degree burn wound healing. The reformulation of standard pumpkin seed oil involved the encapsulation of conventional Lidocaine within a phytosome structure, resulting in the formation of nanoparticles. This modification was unde...

Taghreed Jabbar Humadai*, Bushra Ibrahim AL-Kaisei

...ixty male albino rats at age 8-9 weeks and weighted 190-200 gm were divided into three groups: The first group: Consisted of 20 rats control were given distilled water and normal rat pellet, the second group: Consisted of 20 rats injected weekly 0.5µg /kg. b.w. by I/P route which represented 1/20 LD50 of tetrodotoxin, the third group: It also consisted of 20 rats injected weekly 1 µg /kg. b.w. by I/P route which represented 1/10 LD50 of tetrodotoxi...

Sandriana J Nendissa1,2, Meta Mahendradatta3, Zainal3, Februadi Bastian3

...ive during a 14-hour storage period.
 
Keywords | Extract, Fish tuna, Meatball, Preservation, Tomi-tomi fruit
...

Shanti Fitriani*, Usman Pato, Yusmarini Yusuf, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi

...dards for 12 days of storage at cold temperatures.
 
Keywords | Antimicrobial activity, bacteriocin, Pediococcus pentosaceus, natural biopreservative, fishballs, cold temperature
...

Ediset1*, Jaswandi2, Fuad Madarisa1, Amrizal Anas1, Rizqan2

...s measured by the percentage of adoption, and the success rate of A.I. was measured by calculating Service PerConception (S/C), Conception Rate (C.R.), and Calving Rate (CvR). The result shows the adoption rate of A.I. innovations in terms of speed, area, and quality has an average percentage of implementation of 78.54%. In addition, the success rate of A.I. implementation is seen from the...

Nadya Indriyani1, Sri Murtini2*, Sri Darwati3, Cece Sumantri3

...(9 males and 27 females) aged 27 weeks and 162 IPB-D3 chicken eggs, in the fourth generation aged DOC and 2 weeks, each 81 samples. Total Immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) observations were made using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (AbNDV) methods using Hemaglutination Inhibition (HI) tests. Descriptive analysis was performed on production performance data and humoral imm...

Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat 

...nges in vaccination coverage and gaps is crucial for global health. Vaccines have played a crucial role in global health preventing diseases and saving lives as evident from the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.  

...

TAHIR IQBAL1, 2, UMER RASHID1* & MUHAMMAD IDREES3, 4

... considered as causative agent of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) in chickens. Like other HEV strains, it is single-stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to Hepeviridae. In the present study we report partial structural homology of ORF3 encoded protein (ORF3P) of Pakistani novel aHEV (Pak naHEV) strain with a kinase 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophos-phokinase (HPPK) which participates in folate biosynthesis in bacteria. Thi...

ZOHAIB SAEED1, SHAHID IQBAL*1, UMER YOUNAS1,2, MUHAMMAD PERVAIZ*3, SYED MOHSIN ALI NAQVI3 & RANA RASHAD MAHMOOD KHAN3

...justify;">Disposal of sewage sludge is a critical issue worldwide for the environmentalists. There are many methods for its disposal. The most suitable and economical method is its land application. Lagenaria siceraria L. plant was grown in various amendments of soil and sewage sludge to check the tolerance of the plant and to select the optimized mixing of sewage<...

ZARYAB KHALID SIAL & FARAH KHAN

...using optimized Trizol reagent and RNeasy Miniplant Kit. The RNA obtained was converted into cDNA on the same day and amplified. The identification of PSTVd was carried out by Sequencing and BLAST. The advanced optimized Rapid Trizol reagent method was comparatively found best and reproducible as compared to the second method. The Sequencing and BLAST confirmed the presence of Pakistani PSTVd (Accession # MK.303578) in infec...
ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1*, KAFEEL AHMAD1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MUHAMMAD NADEEM3, ASMA ASHFAQ1,
BABAR MUNIR1, HAFSA MEMOONA3, MADIHA SANA3, FARZANA SHAHEEN1, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD4, HIRA MUQADAS4, MAHPARA SHEZADI5, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA6, HUMAYUN BASHIR1,
MUDASRA MUNIR1, ILKER UGULU7 & YUNUS DOGAN7
...oil, can cause severe damage to physiological and biochemical activities of plants. Scarcity of fresh water in agricultural area enforced farmers to use industrial effluent and domestic wastewater for irrigation purpose. Ramzan sugar mill industry located at Chiniot discharges high amount of effluent which is used by farmers for irrigation purpose. Current experiment was conducted in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan to assess the level of different heavy metals such...

KAFEEL AHMAD1, NIMRA ARSHAD1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, HAFSA MEMONA4, MADIHA SANA4, KHALID NAWAZ5, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, TASAWAR ABBAS6, ABRAR HUSSAIN7, MUHAMMAD SHER8, MUHAMMAD FAHAD ULLAH6, MUHAMMAD AKRAM QAZI9, MUHAMMAD NADEEM10, MUHAMMAD RIZWAN QURESHI10

...metal accumulation in forage poses a threat of toxic effects on the cattle. This study includes collection of forage, soil and buffalo blood samples to analyze heavy metals in them. Forages, soil and buffalo blood were collected from six sites of sampling. Out of which 5 sites were on the roadside and one site was away from the road. Grinding of the collected samples of soil and for

MUHAMMAD MANSHA1, MAIRA HAFEEZ1, QAMAR ALI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1, MUHAMMAD TARIQ1 & ATIF YAQUB2

NAILA MALKANI*, IRFAN ISHAQUE, KHALID SHAHBAZ, RIZWAN ULLAH KHAN, ARIFA SHABBIR & ATIF YAQUB

...aled signs of chronic damage in the wild captured fish as characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and altered morphology of functional units. It is concluded from findings of the present study that farm-raised Labeo rohita were healthier and safer to consume compared to the wild-caught fish.

...

AAMIR MAHMOOD1, ZAHOOR AHMAD SAJID* & SHEZA AYAZ KHILJI2

... seed germination percentage from 95.22 (at control) to 25.34% (at 120 mM salt stress) and shoot length from 86.12 (at control) to 42.36 cm (at 120 mM salt stress) was observed. Similar decreasing pattern of growth was observed in case of pot grown plants after 60 days. The results suggested that salt stress drastically reduced length of shoot and root, fresh / dry weight and leaf area and antioxidant enzyme activities while the use of 0.5 mM concentration of ...

SHAGUFTA ANDLEEB1*, ASMATULLAH2, SHABANA SHAUKAT1 & SIDRA NAWAZ2

...in hydrochloride (Glucophage) was used to determine the histological changes in liver of mice. Twenty mice (4-5 weeks old) were given oral gavages of 0.1 ml of 0.00, 31.25, 125 and 500μg/g B.W (Complete). of Metformin prepared in distilled water, for 04 weeks daily. After 24 hours of last dose, the animals were anaesthetized torecoverliver tissues following fixation in Bouin’s fluid and processing for histological p...

ARIFA ZEREEN & ALMAS JAHAN

...reen belts. With the passage of time the exotic plant species also called Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is going to be a serious threat to local ecosystems. This research work was planned to determine the harmful and significant effects of exotic plants on local flora. Fourteen species of exotic and invasive plants viz., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Populus deltoids W. Bartram ex Marshall, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent, Lan...

KAFEEL AHMAD1, ROBINA KOKAB1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, MUDASRA MUNIR1, MUHAMMAD SHER2, KINZA WAJID1, HASFSA MEMONA3, MADIHA SANA3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MAHPARA SHEHZADI5, MUHAMMAD NADEEM6, TAHIR MAHMOOD QURESHI6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, ABID IJAZ1, BUSHRA HUMA1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, KHALID NAWAZ8 ILKER UGULU9 &YUNUS DOGAN9

...actices for wastewater usage.

...

Adriana Beatriz Sánchez-Urdaneta1,2*, Gisela del Carmen Rivero-Maldonado2, Cecilia Beatriz Peña-Valdivia3 and Dianelis del Carmen Sánchez-Urdaneta4

 

 

... xylem vessels, and mucilage cells. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications was used. Among the most outstanding results, it was determined that the cv. Solferino presented the greatest thickness of cladodes, cuticle, collenchyma, collenchyma strata, and druses, and the greatest number of parenchyma cells. Such findings may have interpretations for the adaptation of the Opuntia plants to certain extreme environments. This is ...
Jaime Vera Chang1, Arianna Torres Coronel2, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Kerly Alvarado Vásquez2,3 and Frank Intriago Flor4*
 
...re a drink based on mucilage and cocoa powder infected with 25% of Moniliophthora roreri (monilla), adding a tropical fruit such as Guava (Psidium guajava L.). A completely randomized design was applied, with five treatments and four repetitions. giving a total of 20 study objects. To determine differences between treatments, Tukey’s multiple range test was used at 5% probability, the treatments were prepared from five experimental clones (...
MAIMOONA KANWAL, MUBASHAR HUSSAIN*, ZAHEER ABBAS1, SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN2, FATIMA
ZAFAR & RIZWANKHURSHEED2
...ral masses as a cottage industry. Silk seed improvement through importation is one of the key initiative towards popularising and ameliorating silk production in Pakistan. The performance of Bulgarian race of silkworm reared on local mulberry supplemented with vitamins(Band C) in addition to amino acids (Alanine and Glycine) was evaluated at24 - 28 ○C and 70± 5 % RH during early larval instars (1stand 2nd)and 24-28○C and 85 &plus...

ASMA WAHEED QURESHI1* & SHUMAILA ALAM2

...vegetables including cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), carrot (Daucus carota), mint (Mentha spicata), chili (Capsicum frutescens), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and corriander (Coriandrum sativum) were assessed using standard methods. Overall parasitic contamination of 30.7% was observed. Highest contamination was detected in Mardan (36%) followed by Katlang (30%) while the lowest contamination was observed in Takhat bhai (26%). Hookworm (32....

ASIFA BASHIR1, AAMIR MUSHTAQ2* & TOOBA MEHBOOB3

...c basis of traditional usage of Phyllanthus emblica as an anti-diabetic agent in hyperglycemic patients. Ethanolic extract of its dried fruits was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for evaluation of phytochemical agents. Then its antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities were found. The results indicated the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, sa...

ZEESHAN REHMAN1, RANA ABRAR HUSSAIN1, SHAISTA JABEEN2, SAKHAWAT ALI2, ZAHAR NOREEN1 & IRUM MUKHTAR1*

...unjab, Pakistan. The average concentration of elemental Zn in sewage-irrigated samples was the highest (153.4233mg kg−1), followed by Cd2+ (70.47333 mg kg−1) and Pb (65.79667mg kg−1). Results showed higher Pb2+ and Cd2+ level in B. oleracea than daily intake of metals (DIM) standard limits, cultivated on wastewater. Whereas health risk index (HRI) was found maximum (23.22 mg kg−1) for this vegetable c...

NAUSHEEN MAZHAR*, ALI IQTADAR MIRZA**, SAHAR ZIA*, ZAYANAH SOHAIL BUTT*, MEMUNA GHAFOOR SHAHID*** & ALI IMAM MIRZA**

... vegetation in Passu village due to Passu glacier retreat have also been estimated using normalized difference snow index (NDSI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which were also derived from the satellite images. NDSI for snow cover mapping of Passu glacier indicates a decrease of 6.18% in snow covered area (3.0808 km2) of Passu glacier from 1992-2016. This was identified as 12.8% as annual in the area of Pa...

*SHAJAHAN BAIG1, MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM1, MUHAMMAD AZMAT ULLAH KHAN1 ZEESHAN NADEEM2, SUFIAN AHMED2, MEMUNA GHAFOOR SHAHID3 & TANZEEM AKBAR CHEEMA3

...the changes at various stages of development under diverse environmental conditions.

...

SIDRA MOQADDES*¹, RABIA ZULFIQAR1, MAWRA GOHAR1 & HINA QAISER1

...es and relationship with age, gender and social status of patients was determined. Results of the study revealed that 61% of samples were positive for Escherichia coli, other contributing pathogens were Staphylococcus spp. (24%), Klebsiella spp. (9%), Proteus spp.(4%) and others (2%). Out of 85 samples (march-june 2015), 48(56%) were from females and 37(44%) from males. Samples were categorized into five age categories

ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KAFEEL AHMAD1, HAREEM SAFDAR1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRASALEEM MALIK1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HIRA MUQADDAS5, HAFSA MEMOONA6, MADIHA SANA6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, SAIF UR REHMAN8 & TASAWAR ABBAS8

...ks of heavy metals in forages. Forages both forsummer and winter were grown with different water treatments (sewage and tap water). The concentration of cadmium in water, root and forage samples was determined. Moreover, bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, daily intake of metals and health risk index were calculated. In tap water Cd value was ...

SAIMA SHARIF, SHAGUFTA NAZ, FARKHANDA MANZOOR, AYESHA NOOR & ZAHRA JAMIL

...was p ≤ 0.05. The average age of normal weight, overweight and obese subjects were 20.9 ± 2.09 y, 22.9 ± 0.97 y and 19.3 ± 1.87 y respectively. In individuals, having normal weight correlation between BMI and PEFR was direct and non-significant (r = 0.17 p > 0.05). In overweight subjects, there was inverse relationship between BMI and PFM (r = -0.494) and was highly significant. Similar result were...

ASMA ZAFAR*, MONIBA KHAWAR, MAHNOOR CHAUDHRY, SAYYEDA SANA BATOOL, AMJAD HUSSAIN** & MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM

...ork as an anti-cancerous agent which only target cancerous cells and do not cause any harm to healthy cells and thus minimize the risk of adverse side effects. The interaction of azurin with P53 (tumor suppressor protein), Eph/ephrin receptor and Cadherin enhances the activity of azurin by inducing apoptosis in cancerous cells, disrupting signaling among cancerous cells and inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells as well as suppressing the activity of tumor c...

KHALID MAHMOOD1*, HAFIZA SAMAN AKRAM1, ZAHEER AHMED2, MUHAMMAD ADEEB BABAR1, SAYYED GHYOUR ABBAS1, MUHAMMAD ASIM1, MUHAMMAD AKBAR KHAN1 & MUHAMMAD AKHTAR3

...e outcrops of Hasnot village of the Dhok Pathan Formation in District Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. The fossil includes dental material which consists of upper premolars and molars. Based on morpho-metry, the specimens were assigned to Pachyportax latidens. The fossils provide an evidence for the existence of the large sized animals in Pakistan during the Late Miocene -Early Pliocene.

...
SHAHZADA NADEEM ABBAS1, KIRAN JAMSHED1, SARAH BUSHRA NASIR2,
SAMAN SHAHID3 & NASIR MAHMOOD4
...ify;">New antimicrobials agents are needed to combat drugs resistance in microorganisms. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa and Ficus carica seeds were used against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and Fungi (Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporium and Microsporum canis) to check their antimicrobial activities. For antibacterial assays, the volume and concentrations of extracts used were 0.5 μl (62.5 μg), 1 μl (12...

ZAHRA NASEEM1, MUHAMMAD AMIR IQBAL1, SHAAF AHMAD2 & NABILA ROOHI1*

...hypothyroid) between the ages of 15-50 years from INMOL, Lahore and 60 healthy euthyroid controls of the similar age groups from local population were recruited. Additionally, follow up studies of nearly thirty five overt hypothyroid patients was also carried out after taking thyroxine for three months. Serum levels of fT4, fT3 and TSH were analyzed through Radioimmunoassay (RIA), whereas, levels of AST, ALT and creatinine w...

UROOJ SAEED1, SAJID RASHID AHMAD2, HAMMAD GILANI3*, RAB NAWAZ4, NAEEM SHAHZAD5, IRFAN ASHRAF6 & WAQAS AHMED QAZI3

...h-resolution satellite images, healthy growth of mangroves plantation was observed on previously barren mudflats. Even the canopy of sparse mangroves trees became enriched in various areas. In a small area of 372 km2 around the plantation sites, the study quantified 0.44 km2/year gross rate of afforestation using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from 30 m spatial resolution Landsat satellite image...

ADEEBA SYED1, DILAWAR HUSSAIN2, UZMA RAFI1 & SUMAIRA MAZHAR1*

...ltration, atrophy, shrinkage and degeneration of intestine was observed for different CPF concentrations. Kidney sections of Labeo rohita under different CPF concentrations exhibited nuclear hypertrophy, vacuolar degeneration of glomeruli, and occlusion of tubular lumen, cloudy swelling degeneration and hyaline droplets degeneration. In the liver tissue prominent histological changes observed including hepatic cell degeneration, nuclear hypertrophy, bile stagn...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1&2* & ZULFIQAR ALI 2

...delines regarding the management of asthma. There was found misconceptions regarding diet restriction. Deficiency of relevant knowledge regarding asthma medication has been associated due to a misunderstanding with dietary habits and inhalers use.

...

MUHAMMAD NAEEM RAZA1, KALSOOM SUGHRA1* & NADIA ZEESHAN1

...emale have higher percentage (57.78%) than male (42.22%) with highest viral load observed at age group 15 to 30 years. The genotype 3a (83.33%) was dominant to other circulating genotypes as 2b (13.33%) and mixed 3a/2b (3.33%). The highest prevalence of HCV infection was noted in females compared to males and 3a was most dominant genotype. This study highlights the new reported mixed genotypes 3a/2b in this region that shoul...

MUHAMMAD ASLAM1*, MISBAH IRSHAD1, AMINA ASGHAR1, ASAD GULZAR1, ZAHRA NOREEN2, ABRAR HUSSAIN2, SHAHID MASOOD3, MUHAMMAD KAMRAN SHAHID1, RASHAD MEHMOOD4, KAYNAT SALEEM5 & SAJID IQBAL1

...gy drinks and other beverages. The aim of this work was to determine the caffeine concentration, pH and acidity in a few energy drinks brands namely sting, booster six B, gourmet spark and powerful locally available in Lahore, Pakistan, and to compare the results with the labeled caffeine concentration and FDA recommended concentration, which is maximum 400 mg/day. The maximum amount of caffeine determined in Gourmet spark was 9.89 mg /100 ml, whereas powerful...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3

...umulation and directed flagella based shifting resulting out of hypo-doses of drug stimulation. Further, the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae member strains has been witnessed producing Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenemases. Drug resistance in viral entities has also posed challenge for public health programs. About 20% people die of viral hepatitis in one of Pakistan provinces. A counter malarial acrine drug is being tried against pro...

ASUMAN ARSLAN DURU1*

...Lohman Brown laying hens aged 48 weeks were used. The birds were fed with basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg (GBL1), 5 g/kg (GBL5), 10 g/kg (GBL10), 20 g/kg (GBL20) of goji berry leaves and negative control. These mentioned doses were added to per kg basal diet (166 g crude protein and 2821 kcal ME kg-1). Feed was offered limited (110 g/hen) and water was available ad-libitum. The trial was continued for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, egg yield, egg mass, ...

MUHAMMAD MANSHA*1, QAMAR ALI1, UROOJ FATIMA DILAWARI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1 & MUHAMMAD TARIQ1

HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ARSALAN1,2*, SUMMARA TABASSUM1, MUHAMMAD SHERAZ YASIN3, FAROOQ SALEEM4, ZEEMAL SEEMAB AMIN1, MUNIB ASHFAQ1, UMAR FAROOQ GOHAR5 & RASHIDA BASHIR6

*AMNA SHOAIB, AROOJ SHEZAD, ARSHAD JAVAID, SUNDUS AKHTAR & ZOIA ARSHAD AWAN

...tium rolfsii, the causal agent of collar rot disease in chickpea. In vitro, methanolic leaves extract of R. sativus significantly decreased pathogen biomass by 6-96% and three Trichoderma species also caused significant inhibition in pathogen growth variably between 30-100%. In potted soil, application of separate or combined application of myco- and phyto-fungicides proved highly efficient in managing collar rot disease. However, combined effect of T. harzian...

Olaolu Fadeyi1,2, Oluwatoyin Fabiyi3*, Tesleem Bello4 and Gabriel Olatunji5

...continuous use is discouraged worldwide. The search for other eco-friendly alternatives has led to the use of different plant extracts with known pesticidal properties. This current research was conducted to determine the nematicidal status of Anacardium occidental fractions. Analysis of ethanol extract of A. occidentale using gas chromatography spectrometry revealed the presence of several phyto constituents such as phenol, triterpenoids, flavonoids and other...

Aziz Ahmed1*, Anila Naz Soomro2, Muhammad Ramzan Ali1, Muhammad Aleem Khan1 and Hasina Basharat1

...ively. The lowest percentage of motility and fertilization rates were recorded in milt aliquots treated with fresh water i.e., control: 53.10±1.02 and 69.60±1.05. Our results indicated, commercially available activation media improved efficiency of sperm motility and fertilization rates.

...

Lendrawati*, Tinda Afriani, Eli Ratni

...ollected from Talawi village from 2021-2022. The body weight (BW) data was regressed and associated with body dimensions (body length = BL, chest girth = GH and shoulder height = SH) using the SPSS program. The Pearson correlation (r) between body weight and measurements was calculated and the degree of fit of the models was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), Adj R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE). Body weight had a highly significant (P&...

Sri Wahjuningsih1*, Ani Atul Arif1, Khaerudin2, Herlina Pratiwi3, Ardyah Ramadhina Irsanti Putri1

... was collected using massage methods. This study uses a complete random design of factorial patterns with factor I being the equilibration time and factor II being the different thawing conditions. Fresh semen was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. The sperm used had a motility of over 80%. The semen was diluted Lactate Ringer with 10% egg yolk and the addition of 7% DMSO cryoprotectant. Then the semen was equilibrated at different times and then f...

Karima Akool Al-Salihi1*, Luay Jumaah Jihad2, Abbas Najm Aldin Saleh3

...ated veterinarian percentages were 79.67% and 20.32%, respectively. Online study materials were accessed via Google Classrooms, University platforms, You Tube, and Slide Share. Moreover, Google Classroom, Telegram, WhatsApp, Viber, Zoom, and FCC were the tools for lectures and communication with lecturers. A variation appeared in the assessment of the online education Theoretical and Practical Veterinary subjects evaluations, including 6.40%, 13.40%, 19.77%, 2...

Bela Putra1*, Budi Prasetya2

...pplication of a 15 Gy dosage significantly enhanced the absorption of P (p<0.01), N (p<0.01), and Ca (p<0.01) in the plant. Additionally, gamma irradiation at a 25 Gy dosage demonstrated a notable effect, resulting in the highest calcium (Ca) content (p<0.01). However, the treatment did not exhibit a significant impact on pH (p > 0.05) in the rumen fluid, while NH3 (p<0.01) and VFA (p<0.01) parameters in...

Alyaa S.K. Al-Shammari1, Mozhir K.K. Almahdawi2*, Manar H. Allawi3, Abdul Sattar S.S.Al-Bayati2 

...blood cell count, percentage of lymphocytes, and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets of T lymphocytes in the E1 and E2 groups in comparison to the control group. The results of the present experiment revealed that the supplementation of selenium has effects on the leukocyte counts in lactating Awassi ewes. 

...

 Muhammad Sultan1,4, Muhammad H. Mahmood2,4, Takahiko Miyazaki3,4, Shigeru Koyama3,4, Zahid M. Khan1

 

....65 times slower (on average) than the close-cycle, which was more likely due to the complex mechanism of adsorption kinetics in open system. This study can be useful to determine the open-cycle adsorption kinetics from the close system data for designing the desiccant air-conditioning system.

...

Inayat ul Islam1, Rooh Ullah1, Ahmed Zia2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti2*, Maryum Ilyas2, Sohail Hayat1 and Khabab Hayat1

...y of its valleys and villages. Such areas have a strong potential to come-up with important scientific records. Current study revealed four families, eleven genera and seventeen species and added new geographic range to Odonata fauna of the country. Among recorded fauna, family Libellulidae appeared to be the dominant group, representing 14 species, followed by family Aeshnidae, Calopterygidae and Coenagrionidae representing single species each. Being a flying...

Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Thi Tuong Vi Trang1, Thi Thuy Tien Nguyen2, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Duc Thoa Nguyen2

...ameters were recorded as age at first egg (AFE; days), body weight at first egg (BWFE; gram/bird), mean egg weight (MEW; gram), and accumulated number of eggs (ANE) up to 38 weeks of age. DNA collected from the wing vein at 38 weeks of age was extracted from whole blood samples of 393 VLV chickens. The 24 bp indel/PRL target gene was amplified by PCR and the product was separated by electr...

Putri Okta Shafura1, Mardiati Zain2*, Elihasridas2, Bima Bagaskara1, Ummi Amanah1, Laras Sukma Sucitra1, Bella Veliana Utami1, Roni Pazla2, Erpomen2, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Rusmana Wijaya Setia Ningrat2, Riris Delima Purba3, Ruslan Abdul Gopar3, Putut Suryo Negoro3

... 50:50 composition of forage and concentrate, including P0 (Control), P1 (0.5% S. cerevisiae), P2 (0.3% sulfur), and P3 (0.5% S. cerevisiae + 0.3% sulfur). The Tilley and Terry in-vitro methods were utilized to measure rumen characteristics, nutrient digestibility, protozoan population, microbial protein synthesis, and methane gas production. The results revealed a significant impact (P < 0.05) of these treatments on nutrient digestibility and rumen ferment...

Firda Arlina1*, Mangku Mundana1, Linda Suhartati1, Agmelia Jasfaria2

...ges from 3-7 with an average of 4.63 ± 1.49. Meanwhile, the high variation in quantitative characteristics was the diameter of the shank 16.53%, the number of crow 32.27% and the number of comb points 19.82%. The conclusion of this research is that the phenotypes of Randah Batu Kokok Balenggek chickens still variability. It is advisable to maintain the AKB Taduang type, and selection can be carried out based on shank diameter and the number of crowing.<...

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Ayoub Rezqaoui1, Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

... with the development of age-related neurodevelopmental processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecules that play an important role in physiological processes including neuronal survival and differentiation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, pruning, and brain plasticity. In the present study, we aimed to determine the activity of NO during the early and late critical periods of structural and functional maturation of the central nervous system (C...

Xin Yan Ku1, Phek Jin Kwong1*, Chaiw Yee Teoh1, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman2, Fakar Fariz3

...rs, as well as tropic forages like dwarf Napier grass and Trichanthera gigantea for pre-weaning Boer crossbred kids. Proximate analyses were conducted on the feed ingredients and the newly formulated feed before the feeding trial. Twelve (n=12), single-born Boer x Jamnapari crossbred kids, with an average birth weight of 3.25 kg   and body condition scoring of 3 to 3.5 were randomly divided into two dietary treatme...

Wasan Ali Hasan1*, Manal Abdulkhaliq Ibrahim2 

... the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was determined, as well as lung tissue histological analysis was conducted. The eosinophils, neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and total white blood cell count were all increased (P<0.05) in the positive control (B_group) when compared to the negative control group. Both D and E_groups, when treated with famotidine, showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the eosinophils, neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and total white...

Nurcholis1*, Syetiel M. Salamony1, Abdullah Baharun2

...lly, five  PO bulls aged four years were collected using an artificial vagina (AV) twice weekly at the Semangga District Animal Health Center from August to September 2023. Semen diluted to a minimum of 25 million/mL is packaged in 0.25 mL straws. Treat Andromed® as a comparison, P0 tris egg yolk (TYE), P1 TYE+MYE 1 mL, P2 TYE+MYE 2 mL. The parameters observed include fresh semen quality, sperm motility, sperm viabi...

Marwa R. El-Deken1, Raouf E. Rizk1, Mona R. Ahmed1, Fouad A. Tawfeek1, Hossam A. Shahba1, Wesam A. Fares1, Ayman M. Khalifah2*

...f 330 of Inshas chickens aged 50 weeks were randomly divided into five treatment groups. The birds of control group (Glu 1) were not supplied with Glu acid. Rest birds groups were supplemented with Glu as additional doses (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and1%) for Glu2, Glu 3, Glu 4 and Glu 5, respectively. Egg production percentage and egg mass for Glu 3 and Glu 4 groups were significantly improved compared to those for the rest groups. Als...

Teedzai Chitura*

...se of probiotics as a management tool for improving poultry performance while ensuring the production of safe meat and other poultry products. It was hypothesized that probiotic supplementation can successfully replace the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry diets without causing adverse effects on growth performance and products quality. A literature search was conducted to cover the scope of growth performance and meat attributes of poultry spe...

Taghreed Jabbar Humadai*, Bushra Ibrahim Al-Kaisei

...male albino rats. At the age of 8–9 weeks and weighing 190–200 gm, 60 male albino rats were separated into 3 groups: First group of 20 rats received distilled water and regular pellets. Second group of 20 rats received weekly injections of 0.5 µg/kg b.w. by I/P route, which was equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of tetrodotoxin. Third group of 20 rats received weekly injections of 1 µg/kg b.w. by I/P route, which was equivalent to 1/10 LD50 of tet...

Shama Sadaf1*, Ayesha Saeed1, Komal Hassan1, Zeeshan Ahmad2 and Maha Naeem Butt1

...entration on different stages and fastness after 15 washes. In a beaker 1 tablespoon were added and boiled in 100 ml distilled water at 100oC for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes the solution was filtered. Then 15 ml vinegar were added to retain color put the solution in steam soaping machine. The sample were died then rinse the sample and dry it under shadow to penetrate color. Then the sample was washed with tap water for 2 minutes to remove extra color. After t...

Habibeh Jabbari

...ext-align: justify;">Cabbage cyst nematode, Heterodera cruciferae Franklin, 1945 causing serious damage on different cabbage cultivars and other host plants. High incidence of this nematode revealed by soil and root samples in the vegetable growing farmlands in Tabriz, Iran. Different populations of H. cruciferae were collected from the region and characterized based on morphological, morp...

Md. Asadujjaman1, Md. Yeamin Hossain2*, Most. Farida Parvin3, Most. Shakila Sarmin2, Fairuz Nawer2, Wasim Sabbir4, Md. Ashekur Rahman2, Nur-E-Farjana Ilah2, Md. Joynal Abedin5, Md. Abdus Samad6 and Gitartha Kaushik7

... growth co-efficient, K; age at zero length, t0; growth performance index, Ø’), life span (tmax), mortality (total, Z; natural, M; fishing, F), recruitment pattern, exploitation rate (E) and maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of ray-finned Chanda nama for the first time from the Ganges River of north-western Bangladesh. A sum of 1260 fish was collected during January to December 2017. The total length (TL) was recorded in the range of 3.3 to 9.9 cm. ...

Md. Asadujjaman1, Md. Yeamin Hossain2*, Most. Farida Parvin3, Most. Shakila Sarmin2, Fairuz Nawer2, Wasim Sabbir4, Md. Ashekur Rahman2, Nur-E-Farjana Ilah2, Md. Joynal Abedin5, Md. Abdus Samad6 and Gitartha Kaushik7

... growth co-efficient, K; age at zero length, t0; growth performance index, Ø’), life span (tmax), mortality (total, Z; natural, M; fishing, F), recruitment pattern, exploitation rate (E) and maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of ray-finned Chanda nama for the first time from the Ganges River of north-western Bangladesh. A sum of 1260 fish was collected during January to December 2017. The total length (TL) was recorded in the range of 3.3 to 9.9 cm. ...

Faheem Akbar1, Naveed Ahmed4*, Maria Mussarat1, Imtiaz Ahmed4, Dost Muhammad1, Toseef Ahmad2, Muhammad Afaq Akbar1, Shehryar Rafique3, Seemab Ali4, Sohail Aslam4, Basharat Hussain Shah4, Fayaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Abbas Khan4

.... When the data were averaged over trichoderma levels, these parameters showed linear increases with sulfur levels up to 50 kg ha-1 and then remained unchanged or showed declining trend with further increase in sulphur levels. The mean onion fresh bulb yield increased from 14.11 t ha-1 o 18.91 t ha-1 with 50kg.ha-1 sulphur. Similarly, application of 3kg.ha-1 trichoderma seemed to be optimum level as further increases in trichoderma did not show further increas...

Shahabaz Ul Haq1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Arsalan Khan2*, Adeel Khalid1, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Raheela Taj5, Asad Ullah6, Hidayatullah Soomro7 and Muhammad Wasim Usmani8*

...cases occurring in goats aged between 3.6 and 6 years. Bilateral udder involvement was more common, seen in 44 cases. The study also found a significant correlation between the condition and specific dietary elements, notably the use of wheat straw as roughage and Barseem alone as fodder. Chronic mastitis was identified as a significant complication in goats with udder edema. The study concluded that breed,

Safdar Hassan1, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1, Fawwad Ahmad1, Asad Ullah Hyder1, Muhammad Arslan2, Ashar Mehfooz3, Ijaz Saleem3, Muhammad Umar Yaqoob4,5, Mushrraf Nazir1, Muhammad Sharif1* 

...P=0.027) dressing percentage and lower (P=0.028) abdominal fat rate were observed in Zn-50 than the control group. Results showed that weight of thymus and bursa were increased with supplementation of Zn (70 mg/kg) in diet. Optimal broilers’ performance requires a higher dietary Zn (70 mg/kg) concentration than NRC recommended under high-temperature climatic conditions. 

...

Tianhoun Denté Fidèle1,2*, Meda Nãg-Tiéro Roland2, Zabré Geneviève3, Koama Benjamin2, Kaboré Adama1, Tamboura H. Hamidou1, Bélem Adrien Marie Gaston4 

...t; 0.05) parasite life stages comparatively to negative control (PBS). Similarly, concentrations of both plant extracts inhibited egg hatching and larval development of the parasite in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for egg hatching ranged from 2.189 and 2.994 mg/ml for the hydroacetone and aqueous extracts respectively, and that for larval development was 1.970 for the hydroacetone extract and 2.761 mg/ml for the aqueous extr...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...that factors such as the age of chickens, seasons, floor condition of the chick’s house, flock size, bird health status, and practices for dead bird disposal showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. In conclusion, this study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, provides a framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may he...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...that factors such as the age of chickens, seasons, floor condition of the chick’s house, flock size, bird health status, and practices for dead bird disposal showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. In conclusion, this study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, provides a framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may he...

Mubashar Hussain*, Takhmina Nazir and Muhammad Faheem Malik

... biological pest control agents in all terrestrial landscapes including agroecosystems. Agricultural intensification contributes to the decline of these pest predators mainly due to pesticides, habitat reduction, and decreased food availability. Here, we explored the diversity of ladybird beetles in croplands alongside the river Chenab at Wazirabad. We collected coccinellid beetles from seven sampling sites (Behram, Wazirabad City, Khanki, Burj Cheema, Tahli d...
Muhammad Atif Raza1, Muhammad Tariq Javed2, Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Shakeel3, Muhammad Shahbaz Ul Haq2, Amna Kanwal2, Syeda Maryam Hussain1 and Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi4
...re kept under uniform management conditions. Chicks were divided randomly into six groups on day ten of their age with 15 replicates in each; control negative (CN), control positive (CP) and four treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Wheras challenge infection of Salmonella gallinarum was given on nineteen days of age to all experimental birds except of those in CN group. On 22nd day, infected b...
Kalaiselvi Natarajan1, Karal Marx Karuppiah1, Sheena K Baby1, Sakthivel Mohammed2, Shanmugam Seerappalli Aran1 and Suresh Eswaran1*
... kg of WOVA -FH. The average diameter of the fertilized eggs ranged between 0.9 and 1.10 mm while the yolk sphere ranged between 0.6 and 0.8 mm. The larvae hatched out after 72 h of fertilization. The total length of the larvae ranged from 2.7 to 2.9 mm. This study aims to analyze the application of RAS technology for year-round seed production of Koi carp. Further this study aims in developing sustainable aquaculture practices to facilitate aquaculturists.

Kiran Khan1*, Ata ur Rehman2, Jai Dev Maheshwari1, Ghazala Nasim Pasha3, Tayyaba Mumtaz4 and Ruqaya Nangrejo5

...tphone users between the ages of 18 and 35. A total of 400 samples were randomly selected from various parts of Karachi. The data was collected between February and March utilizing Google forms as a web-based questionnaire. The questions in the study included excessive smartphone use on day to day basis that was causing referred discomfort in the upper extremities in the previous 30 days. Our findings indicate that as time spent on the smartphone increases, so...

Mercy Cuenca-Condoy1*, Lourdes Reinoso-García2, Juan González-Rojas2, Dionel García-Bracho3  

... suggested to improve management and hygiene in dairy farms of study area.  

...

Addisu Jimma1,2*, Aberra Melesse1, Aynalem Haile3, Tesfaye Getachew3  

...r of the household head, age, flock size, and farm land size influenced flock dynamics and off-take rates. The CBBP was attributed to performance improvements in traits such as growth, coat color, litter size, survival, and lambing interval. Moreover, the program had a positive influence on economic benefits, as CBBP members reported higher annual income from sheep-related activities. This income played a crucial role in supporting farmers’ livelihoods, ...

Nadia Kèmi Assana Chabi1, Gildas Codjo Tchemadon1,2*, Olaïgbé Lydie Hounkpatin3, Paul Kouété Jimmy4 and Leonard Antoine Chaffara Afouda1

...ol strategies used to manage them. A semi-structured survey was conducted in March and October 2022 among 156 sweetpotato farmers in 11 townships in agro-ecological zones (AEZ) II, VI and VIII of Benin. Among the respondents, 96.3% do not recognize symptoms of sweetpotato viral diseases, although 81.4% observe these symptoms in their fields with most (76.7%), a low incidence (0 to 25%). Also, 72.3% farmers affirm that the first viral symptoms appear at the flo...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*, Riffat Maqsood, Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Suleman, Tayyab Ur Rehman, Sana Asif, Abdul Wadood and Jawad Hussain

...e incubation period (average 2-3 months) varies greatly, with periods ranging from 2 weeks to 6 years. Neuropathological lesions are typically modest, despite significant neurologic symptoms and a deadly prognosis. The Rabies virus uses several strategies to circumvent the host’s defenses. As a major zoonosis, initial treatment and successful preventive and control efforts depend on a clear and prompt diagnosis. For the diagnosis of Rabies, conventional ...

Iqtidar Hussain1*, Muhammad Inam Ullah Qaisrani1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Zuhair Hasnian2, Umar Khitab Saddozai1, Muhammad Naeem4, Hadia Gul5 and Moneeza Abbass3

...d to reduce grain and forage yields about by 40-90%. The spread of parthenium has been attributed to its alllelopathic potential. Allelochemicals released from parthenium have been reported to decrease germination and growth of agronomic crops, vegetables, trees and many other weed species. Growth promoting effects of parthenium extracts at low concentrations have also been reported in certain crops. A laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate the germ...

Abeer Alahmari1,2*

... myrrh resin on renal damage induced by alcohol intake has not been previously evaluated, this study was designed to investigate the in vivo antioxidant activity of aqueous myrrh extract (AME) on oxidative stress-dependent nephrotoxicity caused by ethanol in rats. Male Sprague‒Dawley rats orally received 40% ethanol (3 g kg-1) and were then orally treated with (500 mg kg-1) AME daily for 30 days. Kidney function, oxidant and antioxidant status, and histopa...

Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6

... A. duodenale. Regarding ages, 11-12 years were highly infected. Females were observed to be infected more than male students. Children of unemployed mother and father were more infected than employed parents. Children living in cemented house were more infected than non-cemented. Children defecating in latrine were highly infected than children having defecation in open environment. Children with pet animals were highly infected than all others. Regarding dri...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

... protein as a prognostic agent in Borrelia-positive dogs. For this purpose, twenty-four dogs of different breeds were used in the study. These dogs were found Borrelia positive on PCR and equally divided into four groups (n=6). Group A was treated with doxycycline @ 10mg/Kg, B with azithromycin @ 20mg/Kg and C with clindamycin @ 11mg/Kg, and D with amoxicillin @2mg/Kg. All drugs were administered orally in different forms, i.e., tablet, capsule, or suspension ...

Sedef Selviler Sizer1, Semih Kurt1*, Burcu Onuk1, Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci2 and Murat Kabak1

...t has revealed the advantages of the hydrogen peroxide application in whitening and degreasing bone materials and killing remaining beetles at the end of the process on skull materials cleaned by Dermestes beetles.

...

Xin Niu1, Xuelan Fang2, Sang Ba3, Yihao Fang1,4, Davide Fornacca1,7, Kun Tan1,4, Yanpeng Li1,4,5*, Zhipang Huang1,4,5* and Wen Xiao1,4,5,6,7

...ervation measures and management. This study focuses on the spatial-temporal niche differentiation strategy adopted by black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to support their coexistence along a large elevation gradient in the temperate montane forest of Xiangguqing, located in the southern section of Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve, China. Daily activities of the monkeys were recorded with infrared c...

Mirwaise Khan1, Rubab Maqsood1, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Shakera Sadiq Gill1, Muhammad Noman1, Rafia Akram1, Muhammad Sajid Hasni1, Haroon Rashid3 and Mamoona Chaudhry1*

... was conducted in 29 villages of District Zhob, Balochistan province of Pakistan, between December 2016 and February 2017. A total of 240 blood samples from backyard chickens were collected and were tested for antibodies against Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) (H9N2) by hemagglutination inhibition test according to OIE. It was found that out of 240 collected blood samples, 140 (58.3%; 95% CI: 50.43-69.60) were positive for AIV (H9N2). The findings of the present s...

Zuhair Dardona1,2, Adnan Al-Hindi3, Mohamed Hafidi1, Ali Boumezzough1 and Samia Boussaa1,4*

...ton; however, the percentage of positive samples reported differed. For example, whereas T. gondii was detected in 14 (46.66 %) of 30 samples using ELISA, only 5 (16.66 %) of positive samples were detected using PCR. The genotyping results of the current investigation showed that the three DNA isolates were T. gondii type II. A Chi-square test was also implemented to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii and the type of red meat samples (mutton and beef) examin...
Qun Lu1,4, Yang Zhou1, Hangyu Lin1,4, Zhong tang He1, Feifan Ma1, Yonghua Zheng1,2, Hongyu Tang1,2 and Tao He1,2,3*
...ze River. The results of age identification showed that Sc. grahami and Sp. sinensis did not reach the age of sexual maturity. The linear discriminant analysis of otolith shape-index analysis can effectively distinguish the otolith shape of the two kinds of fish. The highest content of five chemical elements in otolith is Ca, and the other four elements are Mg, Sr, Ba, and Mn in turn. The results of one-way ANOVA show that, ...

Syed Makhdoom Hussain*, Hafiza Hina Shafqat, Muhammad Faisal, Mahnoor Saleem, Zeeshan Yousaf and Muhammad Amjad

...a catla fingerlings (average weight 6.73±0.04). Total six experimental diets were formulated containing levels I (control), II, III, IV, V and VI. Diet I constituted fish oil (FO), while diets II, III, IV, V and VI were composed of palm oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, canola oil and mixture of all mentioned vegetable oils respectively. Triplicate tanks were used and every tank had 15 fingerlings. Results demonstrated that significant (p<0.05) improveme...

Fika Yuliza Purba1,4*, Andi Magfira Satya Apada1, Andi Ariyandy2, Irwan Ismail1,4, Subaedy Yusuf3,4

...le, based on different stages of FMD infection. A total of 24 blood samples were collected from Bali cattle, then grouped into 4, based on the estimated age of lesion inflicted on the animals: Group A (no lesions), Group B (early stage), Group C (advanced stage), and Group D (recovery stage). The results showed that th...

Ali Hassan1, Javaria Ashraf1*, Salman Wahid1, Kamran Alyas1, Samaria Nisar1, Sadia Kanwal2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2 and Rameen Nawaz3

... yield per plant, percentage of ginning outturn (GOT%), fiber length, micronaire value and fiber strength, the ratio of general combining ability (GCA) variance to specific combining ability (SCA) variance (2 GCA/2 SCA) indicated the prevalence of non-additive gene action. In addition, lines FH-152, CIM-632 and BS-20 showed a strong GCA impact for majority of the studied traits. Significant GCA effects were seen among the testers for most of the qualities in N...

Shakil Ahmed1, Mahin Das2, Md. Rayhan Sojib3*, Shishir Kanti Talukder4, Sadia Sultana5, Prantika Datta1, Shofiqul Islam1 and Gazi Md. Mohsin2

...uding germination percentage, days to first flowering, fruit weight, fruits per plant, fruit length, seeds per plant, and yield. The study compared local hybrids (Saba, Lalbeni, Tokii, and 1070) and exotic hybrid (White Beauty, imported from Thailand) using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results revealed that exotic hybrid varieties had a positive significant difference (p<0.001) in the number of seeds per fruit compared to other local hybri...

Muhammad Usman1, Majid S. Hashmi1, Ayaz Ahmad1*, Fawad Ahmad2 and Zahid Alam1

...d over a three-month storage period at 15-day intervals, with a focus on various physicochemical parameters, including total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and vitamin C content. Furthermore, organoleptic attributes such as color, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability were subject to evaluation. The findings indicated a decrease in pH values and ascorbic acid content over time, while total soluble solids, as well as titratable acidity, increased. No...

Shahbaz Hussain1, Asif Ameen2*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar3, Atif Naeem1, Ahmad Jawad1, Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Ghulam Abbas2, Muhammad Arif2, Muhammad Ahmad Zafar4, Zahid Hassan5

... Herbicide-based weed management is becoming increasingly popular, but there is a dire need to choose appropriate herbicides and their effective dose for controlling weeds in DSR fields. A field trial was conducted to appraise the comparative efficacy of three post-emergent herbicides applied at different doses [Clover 20% EC (bispyribac sodium) at 39.54, 59.30, and 79.07 g a.i. ha-1, Pyranex Gold 30% WDG (bispyribac sodium + bensulfuron methyl) at 74.13, 111....

Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash

...s across a wide range of age groups ranging from 25 to 80 years. The participants also included traditional practitioners of herbal medicines, known as ‘tabibs’ and ‘hakims. Household and market surveys were conducted in the rural areas of Mandi Bahauddin, Phalia and Malikwal for collection of socioeconomic and ethnic information of different plant species. Plant specimens underwent pressing, drying, and mounting onto herbarium sheets. The id...

Ping Sheng Ye1, Lin Li2, Yu Long Wu3 and Yuan Shu Zhang1*

...design with different forage to concentrate rations of 40:60 (the control group) and 60:40 (the high-concentrate group), respectively. During the experiment, milk samples were collected to assay the content of milk compositions; plasma samples were collected to measure the content of IGF-1 and GH. The liver and mammary gland samples were collected to observe the expression of IGF-1R and GH. The results showed that compared with the control group, the content o...

Shahzad Aslam1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani2, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf3, Muhammad Azhar Jameel2 and Kiran Sahar4

...nd 03% scavenging on garbage bins. To study food resource preference, the monkeys were classified into five age/sex classes: Adult males, adult females, sub adults, juveniles and infants. Analysis of food resources preference of five age/ sex classes of rhesus monkeys revealed that it mainly varied due to nutritional requirements and physiological conditions of monkeys. Rhesus monkeys pref...

Qurrat ul Ain Shafique1, Sana Batool2, Hanfa Ashfaq2, Asima Tayyab2, Roquyya Gul3 and Mahjabeen Saleem1*

...ine as immunotherapeutic agent for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

...

Marah Salim Hameed1, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy2*

...for monocytes and macrophages do not correlate with blood urea and creatinine concentrations. Vitamin E -sodium selenite and vitamin C have important role in enhancement for renal functional activity and clearance of urea and creatinine; They considered potent antioxidant that ameliorates the histopathological effects of sodium nitrate on renal tissue. Concentrations of blood urea and creatinine have no effect on potent scavenging activity of monocytes and mac...

Elie Brigitte Mawussi1*, Arnaud Koffi Assah2, Essozimna Abalo Kulo1

..., mother’s parity, age at first kidding, interval between kidding, milk yield and lactation length. The results reveal that litter size ranged from 1 to 2 with an average of 1.37 for primiparous against 1.50 and 1.62 for multiparous. The birth weight depended to sex, parity and type of kidding and ranged from 2.55 to 3.04 kg. The age at first kidding was 450 days while the interval b...

Dio Fico Felsidan Diatmono1, Seraphina Kumala1, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi2, Stefani Winda Paramita1, Megawati Andi1, Yustina Yuni Suranindyah3, Diah Tri Widayati1*

...ition and maintenance management. This study aims to determine the blood metabolite levels of Saanen-Etawah Crossbred does during the follicular and luteal phases. Fourteen non-pregnant-lactating Saanen-Etawah Crossbred does were used in this study (age 2-4 years, BCS 3, and multiparous). The same management was given throughout this research and the feed intake was observed daily. The blo...

Hayder S. Rwayyih*, Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi

...rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged seven to eight weeks, were employed in this investigation. The animals were split up evenly into the following four groups: The intact rabbits in Group One (G1) were given distilled water. The intact rabbits in Group Two (G2) were given an oral dose of alpha lipoic acid (10 mg/kg B.wt). The ovariectomized rabbits in Group Three (G3) were given distilled water. Group four (G4) Ovariectomized rabbits received alpha lipoic acid (10mg...

Bushra AL-Khaqani, Amira Mohammed*  

...ls in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) and non-significantly (P>0.05) the number of infiltrated mononuclear cells intraperitoneally. RES increased lung integrity by reducing Evans blue extravasation in the lung (P<0.05) and liver (P>0.05). Additionally, in the BALF, RES therapy reduced (P<0.05) inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). RES increases (P<0.05) the expression of Il10 gene in the ...

Ndubuisi Chinedu Adikuru1*, Paul Inyang2, Abraham Agwu Ngwuta1, Chinyere Prisca Anyanwu1 and Rosemond Adaohuru Alagba1

...of maize developmental stages (flowering and maturity) between the years (2010 and 2011). This was attributed to inter-annual variability in climatic factors within the study area. Maize grown in 2011 flowered (anthesis) 3 days earlier and matured 5 days later than maize grown in 2010.Therefore, grain filling duration was 6 days greater in 2011 and led to 33.1 % higher yield when compared to 2010. Based on superior grain yield and kernel number in addition to ...
Abdel Satar Arafa
... In addition to Y439 lineage recorded in South Africa farmed ostriches. The infection with H9N2 is frequently displaying moderate-to-high morbidity and mortality in the field especially when comes associated with bacterial or viral infections or with many other factors such as poor biosecurity, mal-nutrition and managemental problems. LPAIVs H9N2 in chickens tend to show more respiratory tropism with some strains also show g...

Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1, and Rida Haroon Durrani1

...through site-directed mutagenesis. For virulence attenuation comparison with the parent RB51 strain, the constructed mutant was evaluated for attenuation estimation and clearance in BALB/c mice. The B. abortus ΔpurD mutant exhibited significant attenuation of virulence and cleared from the mice spleen after 20th DPI when inoculated at the dose of 108 CFU per mice. In contrast to this, the parent RB51 strain induces splenomegaly and showed higher persiste...

Noor-ul-Ain1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Saba Naz1, Kiran Saleem1,2, Syeda Rida Hasan1, Sana Arif1, Rida Ahmad1,3, Nida Naeem1, Zarmina Zainab1 and Aliza Batool1,3

...f 70 h, documenting the cage area and behavioural ethogram. The observed behaviours were resting, eating, drinking, locomotion, aggression, urination, defecation, fighting, pacing, playing, foaming, cage exploration, and being out of view. Two different enrichments were installed for two pairs. The first pair was provided with a feeding enrichment consisting of a large wood log applied with small wooden branches on it, upon ...
Li Tian1*, Chun Wang2, Hailiang Li2, Haitian Sun2 and Chang Wang3
...%). In addition, the average classification accuracy of CBPSO-SVM is 91.26%, better than that of PCA-SVM (81.83%). At the same time, through the comparison of CBPSO algorithm, BPSO algorithm and PSO algorithm, it is found that CBPSO algorithm has great adaptability, the maximum fitness is 0.99, and the average fitness is 0.97. Therefore, CBPSO algorithm has good effect on global optimization, and its convergence speed is fas...

Igor Ponjiger1, Milutin Kovacevic1*, Vladimir Markovic1, Zoran Ristic1 and Vukan Lavadinovic2

...Bački Petrovac. The average population density of European hare significantly differed between four fractions of the hunting ground - Bački Petrovac, Kulpin, Gložan, and Maglić. Density varied from 27 in Bački Petrovac to 50 individuals per 100 ha in Maglić. The population was negatively affected by mean patch size and by the area under no vegetation during the winter period. Conservation measures should focus on enhancing habitat heterogeneity by reduci...

Noura K. Al-Suwailem1, Nancy N. Kamel2, Ahmed O. Abbas1,3*, Farid S. Nassar1,3 , Dalia A.A. Elsayed4, Gouda F. Gouda1,5, Hosam M. Safaa6

... hematocrit (HCT) percentage, albumin level, and endogenous antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, plasma total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea levels, and liver enzymes activity were significantly (P<0.05) increased. The carcass yield and meat quality showed significant (P<0.05) deterioration in response to heat exposure. MLM administration to the basal diet significantly enhanced blood metabolite levels, hematological parameters, antiox...
Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1*
...se (cm/day) in budding stage, plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), crop canopy closure (days), internode length (cm), leaf greenness index (SPAD), number of cotton bolls opening/plant, number of open cotton bolls/plant, number of unopened cotton bolls/plant and yield of raw cotton (kg ha-1). The results obtained in the research indicate that spacing between plants (m) was significantly influential in most of the agronomic and productive variables,...
Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1* 
...(cm/day) in productive stage, apical internodes length (cm), leaf greenness index (SPAD), total number of branches/plant, total number of flower buds/plant, total number of cotton bolls/plant, weight (g) of ten unopened cotton bolls (g) and yield of raw cotton (kg ha-1), were recorded. The data obtained were subjected to ANOVA, and comparison of means was done by Tukey’s test (P<0.05). The results indicated that the application of mepiquat ...

Minh Thi Le Bui1, Thanh Minh Le2, Thuan Khanh Nguyen1*

...n chickens on 49 days of age. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were similar among the five treatments. Weight gain was significantly different among the five treatments. Weight gain was significantly higher in T2, T3, and T5 treatments than in control treatment T1. The supplementation of A. fistulosum L. powder at 5 g/kg and 15 g/kg feed improved the weight gain of chickens.
 
Keywords | Allium fistulosum L., Antibody titer, C...

Aspen Abutalip*, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Assiya Mussayeva, Vladislava Suchshikh, Natalya Yegorova

...ns associated with the flagellar antigen Clostridium chauvoei were used, which sensitised latex microparticles with a size of 0.8-1.1 microns from Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation. In the process of testing the prepared diagnostic system with vaccine strains of the causative agent of emphysematous carbuncle used for active immunisation of animals in Kazakhstan and field experiments with biological material from sick and ...

Thuong Thi Nguyen1*, Nhu Quynh Ho1, Thuan Khanh Nguyen2, Tuan Phong Vu Anh Vo3, Hai Thanh Duong4

...by DataFlow™ II management software. SCR chips were implanted in cow’s necks to monitor their rumination indexes and physical activities. Based on rumination time and milk yield data, the alerts of Health–milked from cows HIS < 75 units were reported daily. Of 250 cows 0-90 days of milking, 205 cows had at least one disease, and 45 were healthy. The SCR system sensitivity was 58.33%. Rumination alerts recorded 345 alerts, including 203 ale...
Yanis Cruz-Quintana1*, Ana María Santana-Piñeros1, Byron Manuel Reyes-Mero1, Leonela Griselda Muñoz-Chumo1 and Lenin Cáceres-Farías1,2 
...small organisms or early ages. However, its incidence and effects on Amazon traditional aquaculture species such as Piaractus brachypomus has been little studied. The objective of the present investigation was to establish the presence of Trichodina heterodentata, its parameters of infection, and associated damages in three aquaculture farms of P. brachypomus located in Puyo, El Coca and in Joya de los S...

Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam

...skoo had the highest average value (92%) and in parents, TD-1 (89.66%) found best among hybrids. Similarly, correlation coefficient results indicated significant association among all genotypes for all characteristics. Most of the parameters among crosses showed highly positive significant heterosis. Similarly, parents and their crosses were significant for all the 14 parameters studied. It is concluded from this study, among parental lines Raskoo and TD-1 are...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Bilques Bano3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali4, Nazia Rubab5, Syed Tasadak Mehdi6, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal7, Kumay Hassan Akhtar8, Aqeel Raza9, Ujala Fatima Shan10, Muhammad Aftab11

...line in different percentages (11% and 9%, respectively) and percentage of both combine Penicillin and oxytetracycline is 3%. In a yoghurt sample, the highest penicillin was found as 13.95 µg/Kg, the lowest penicillin was detected as 7.07 µg/Kg, the highest oxytetracycline was observed as 306.73 µg/Kg, the lowest oxytetracycline was figured out as 197.77 µg/Kg. The result is statistically significant ...

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

...f insecticides on DNA damage and nuclear anomalies in RBCs of Labeo rohita after exposure to chlorpyrifos+endosulfan (CPF+END) by using Comet and Micronucleus Assay. Twenty fingerlings of L. rohita was kept in LC50 concentration of CPF+END, (1.95±0.02 μgL-1 for 96 h) for 5 days after acclimatization. The blood sample of 5 fish was collected after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h to see the DNA damage and nuclear anomalies. Resu...

Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Asif Farooq3, Muhammad Ijaz1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub4, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Amara Nasiba1

...r early detection and management of rice insect pests (for preserving crop yields, preventing economic losses, and ensuring food security) by analyzing the population dynamics of rice insect pests, focusing on six species: Scirpophaga innotata, Sesamia inferens, Scirpophaga incertulas, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens. Population data spanning four years (2019-2022) were collected through the use of light traps revealed dist...

Naveed Akhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Aamir Ali

...ition, drivers of assemblages, and species richness, lack comprehensive understanding and remain poorly documented. We studied biodiversity, species richness, and seasonal dynamics of coccinellids in two major maize-growing districts of the Punjab province, i.e., Kasur and Lahore, in 2018-2019. The coccinellids were collected from February to June during both cropping seasons. Visual counting, handpicking, sweep nets, sticky traps, and pitfall traps were emplo...

Yan Wang1,2*, Lin Liu3, Na Li4, Yijun Zong1, Wei Liu1, Wenhua Xu1, Qi Wang1, Peijuan Zhang1 and Huiling Feng2,5*

...ycolysis, LY6K may encourage the proliferation and energy metabolism of A549 cells.

...

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

...ls with petechial hemorrhages and appeared pale to whitish in color. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that using dried peppermint powder in the diet of broiler chickens exposed to thermal stress has positive effects in preventing the various deleterious effects of heat stress, especially when used at a 5% mint leaves percentage

...

Shangmei Peng1 and Changhe Yu2*

...CT) with iodine contrast agent. A retrospective analysis was made on 1591 patients (809 cases in contrast-enhanced CT group and 782 cases in plain CT group) who underwent CT examination in Yanbian University hospital from May 2012 to May 2022. Binary logistics regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of PC-AKI in different examination methods. There was no significant difference compared with that in contrast-enhanced CT group (4.90%, P>0....
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain1,2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...rosion rate (CR) and average percent weight loss (APWL) of the steel pieces were calculated. Higher CR and APWL were observed in the liquid medium (water) than in the solid medium (clay). The CR and APWL in water were 249 ± 2 µg dm−2 d−1 and 4.16 ± 0.25 %, respectively, while the corresponding figures for CR and APWL in clay were 108 ± 2 and 1.88 ± 0.29, respectively. In addition, the CR and APWL were higher in the...
Danish Riaz1,2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2*, Majid Hussain3, Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan4 and Eman Naeem2
... At a supplementation dosage of 2.5 g/kg, the maximum apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) were observed for gross energy (73.54 %), crude protein (74.57 %), and crude fat (77.53 %). The total quantity of RBCs, WBCs, platelets, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) all changed significantly when fish were given a probiotic dosage of 2.5 g/kg. Incorporating probiotics at a dose of 2.5 g/kg resulted in the best growth perf...

Moazama Batool1*, Syeda Ansa Fatima1, Saima Naz2*, Qurat Ul Ain1, Sheeza Bano1, Ghulam Abbas3 and Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha4

...entration but at later stage fish became motionless and sluggish. Body color was changed from grey to pale and gills from bright to light red color as bifenthrin concentration increased. Blood parameters such as red blood cell counts (RBCs), White blood cell counts (WBCs), Hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were measured at sub lethal exposure of bifenthrin after 15 and 30 days...

Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Muhammad Nasrullah2, Jahangir Khan3*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Raheel Saqib4, Naheed Zahra5 and Mansoor Rasheed6

... selected from three villages namely Takar Kaly, Garo Shah, and Pasand Kaly of tehsil Takhtbai, district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Empirical findings reveal that labour, chemical, irrigation, seed, poultry manure, and tractor have positive and statistically significant effects on tobacco production. Results of the study also corroborate an insignificant relationship of fertilizer with tobacco production. Findings of the study also showed that the allocatio...

Akbar Khan Khajjak1,4*, Adnan Nazir2, Tehmina Mangan1 and Ali Raza1

...evident that efficient usage of resources could add Rs.594.77 ($4.10) million of revenue each year to the economy. The research is based on and derived from wheat production, which is only for a single crop among various other crops. These findings would be quite useful in developing a precise policy for major food crops in Pakistan. These facts would support policy developers to divide resources with equal allocation between agricultural and services sectors ...

Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Gomera Bouk2, Edelnia Kristina Bere2, Yohana Kamlasi2, Elisabeth Yulia Nugraha1

... lowland areas. With average birth weights of 14.70 (cow calf) and 16.21 (bull calf), for weaning weights of 107.43 (cow calf) and 109.37 (bull calf), and for the weight of mothers aged > 4-5 years, 248.11 the income of cattle breeders is greatest for breeders with the TDKT system reach IDR 7,137,737.00, followed by the SIMK system, which the breeder’s income amounting to IDR 5,377,735.00, the SLMK system provides a...

Hanita Fadhilla1, Shafia Khairani1,2*, Ahmad Fitrah3, Wendi Prameswari4, Nur Purba Priambada4, Indri Saptorini4, Imam Arifin4

...gical or conservative management (treatment), and survival rates. Results showed that twelve slow lorises did not show clinical conditions, while others experienced ballistic wounds and swelling of the lymphoglandula axillary. Radiology results from 16 cases revealed there were 29 pellets identified in the regions of the head (28%), the neck (7%), the shoulder (14%), the forelimb (10%), the thorax (21%), the abdomen (3%), the pelvis (10%), and the hindlimb (7%...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Khadija Akram1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid2, Hamza Latif1, Aqsa Amjad1, Nahdia Perveen1, Emaan Sajid1

...tality in the immature stage within 72 hours of the application of higher concentrations (6.0%), while a higher concentration of clove oil resulted in 88.0% larval mortality within 96 hours. Probit analysis demonstrated that cinnamon oil had the lowest LC50 values across all time intervals, indicating the highest potency in killing T. castaneum. Clove oil also had a relatively low LC50 value compared to orange and lemon oil. Furthermore, cinnamon and clove oil...

Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1

...o performed for species, age, sex, study duration, and sample size for the assessment of the potential risk factors. The prevalence rate was found highest in sheep at 42.91%, female individuals at 32.32%, 500 or below sample size at 43.63%, in the period of 2000–2010 at 42.05% and aged animals at 41.23% non-significantly. This is the meta-analysis of PPR worldwide that offers a comprehensive picture of the prevalence o...

Asmahan M.S. Lashein1, Al-Kazafy H. Sabry2 and Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1*

...aused the highest percentages of reduction in nematode final population (81.36 and 81.06% respectively) followed by lufeuron, pyriproxyfen and spirotetramat. Plant growth was improved, spirotetramat achieved the highest percentages of increases of root and shoot dry weights.

...
Shahid Iqbal Khattak1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch*1, Khalid Naveed2, Muhammad Amjad
Nadim1, Asghar Ali Khan1 and Kaleem Ullah3
...4) on different growth stages under rainfed conditions was
conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Potassium
doses viz. 0, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 60 kg ha-1 were applied in foliar form at tillering, booting
and heading stages of wheat. The course of study revealed that foliar application of K2O in
booting st

Arshad Javaid1* and Iqra Haider Khan

...atural herbicides for management of an alien weed parthenium
(Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Initially, the effect of aqueous leaf, stem, root and flower
extracts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0%) of the weed was checked on germination
and growth of the target weed. Leaf and stem extracts showed the best herbicidal activity
and a 2.5% extract of the each plant part completely inhibited germination of pa...

Rahamdad Khan1, Abdul Basit, Syed Majid Rasheed* and Syed Salim Shah

...the farmer should discourage the growth of P. hysterophorus weed in
their filed as it has strong allelopathic effects on maize crop. Moreover, the farmers should
grow maize variety Babar instead of others as this variety showed strong resistant towards
the allelopathic effects of both the tested invasive weeds.
...

Gulwaiz Akhter1* and Tabreiz Ahmad Khan

...and lack of effective management programmes.
...

Nimra Javaid1, Mukhtar Hussain Shah1, Iqra Haider Khan2, *Arshad Javaid2 and Syed Muhammad Waleed1

Pradeep Shah1*, Shrawan Kumar Sah2, Komal Bahadur Basnet2 and Mina Nath Paudel3

... can be a better weed management technique. Two year field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal from 2015 to 2016 to assess the effect of Sesbania knockdown dates and seed rates of DDSR on weed density and yield of rice. The experiment was arranged in two factorial strip plot design having four replications. The treatment comprised of four levels of seed rates of DDSR (25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) in the ...
Tabassum yaseen1*, Muzamil shah1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2 Ali Mujtaba Shah3, Gul
Nawaz1,Rani Gul4
...nts in the host growth stage. The maximum arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)
spore density was found in the Chenopodium album (93.00±74.02) and Scandix iberica
(89.00±92.08) at the vegetative stage. The Glomus species is dominant in the rhizospheric
soil of weeds plants followed by Aculospora, and Sclerocystis. The lowest Glomus spore
density is present in Fumaria...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan 1, Sadia Afzal2, Muhammad Azim
Khan3, Tasawer Abbas4, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1,
Naila Farooq5 Amir Aziz5
... index, emergence percentage (%), time taken to 50%
emergence as well as growth of O. punctata weed. However, maximum mean emergence
time (4.73 days), time taken to 50% emergence (4.19 days) was noted at 8%
concentration and emergence index of O. punctata was noted at 0.25% concentration when
fruit extract was applied. Leaf aqueous extract at the concentration of 8% caused the lowest
root length (1.53...
Luqman1, Zahid Hussain1, Mohammad Ilyas2, Azmat Ali Awan3, Javed Rahman 2,
Mazhar Ali2 and Tamana Bakht4
...uence of various weed management
methods in bitter gourd. The treatments comprised of four mulches (i.e. Rumex crispus,
Silybum marianum, newspaper as mulch, and saw-dust as mulch), a herbicide i.e. Stomp
330 EC (pendimethalin) applied as pre-emergence. For comparison of the treatments with
weed free and weedy conditions, a hand weeding and a weedy check (control) treatment
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Sadia Afzal2, Ahsan Aziz1,
Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Amjed Ali1, Muhammad
Adnan1, Durrishahwar5
...s-galli emergence percentage
(53.33%) and seedling fresh biomass (15.35 g) was minimum when treated with 8%
aqueous extract of C. tinctorius fruit extract. The lower concentration (0.25% to 2%) of all
the studied extracts showed a hermetic response and stimulated the root, shoot and
seedling fresh weight of E. cruss-galli. The aqueous extracts inhibitory effect was in order of
leaf > fruit > ste...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1, Sadia Afzal2, Hasnain Abbas3, Muhammad Khuram Dar3, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Ishtiaq Hassan4, Muhammad Asif1, Muhammad Adnan1, Amir Aziz5

...89) and emergence percentage (6.67%) was observed under fruit extract at 8% concentration. P. somniferum aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration took maximum time to complete 50% emergence and gave minimum root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of O. punctata. Based on these finding it can be concluded that the phyto-chemicals present in P. somniferum can be used as eco-friendly O. punctata growth inhibitor to manage ...

Khalid Ali1, Asif Tanveer1, Naila Farooq2, Tasawer Abbas3*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Muhammad Ather Nadeem4, Ishtiaq Hassan3, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid4, Anees-ul-Hussnain Shah5, Bilal Ahmad Khan4 , Ali Raza6

... has complicated weed management. Rhynchosia capitata (Clustered-flower Snoutbean) has become problematic weed in summer crops, such as cotton, soybean, pearl millet and mungbean worldwide. Current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of four types of salts stresses (NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2 and NaHCO3) at six different levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM) on R. capitata seeds of different sizes including small, medium and large. Results revealed that R. ...

Kiran Rani1*, R. Aliya1, Barkat Ali Solangi2, M. Kashif Pervez2, Nasrullah Akhtar3 and Farman Ahmed4*

...imized by varying fixing agent percentage and dyeing time. The influence of different variables on color uptake (K/S), fastness rating and color measurement were examined. The bioactive efficiency of seaweed extract and dyed fabric were also investigated against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and were compared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was fou...

Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1

...t time reported from village Gadeji, district Khairpur Sindh Province of Pakistan during 2018-19. The instant species causes significant damage to crops, feeding on different weeds including; Gnaphalium, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus and Cortaderia sellona, while the crops include; maize, potatoes, tomatoes, sugar cane. Its larva is known as wireworm that is yellowish to brown in color. The members of this genus badly aff...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Saima Anwar2, Hasnain Abbas3, Muhammad Yasin1, Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz5, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1, Muhammad Shozib Javed5

... index, emergence percentage, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were recorded. All the tested concentrations of all the parts of S. oleraceus significantly inhibited the seed emergence, emergence index, emergence percentage (%), growth and delayed mean emergence time and time taken to 50% emergence of E. cruss-galli. However, maximum mean emergence time (5.20 days) and time taken to 50% emergence (3.49 days),...

Shazia Shafique1, Sobiya Shafique1 and Sonia Sahar1

...ory to reduce the causal agent lower than commercial thresh hold level. Biological control provides safe fungal management program. Presently, the research was under taken to ascertain the antitoxic effect of Thymus serpyllum against eggplant leaf spot pathogens i.e., Exserohilum rostratum, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Curvularia clavata. For this, 10 concentrations of methanolic extract of plant (0.5% to 5%) were employ...

Sanaullah1*

...w the prevailing weed management system and encourage the farmers to integrate cultural practices with chemical control measures. A three stage stratified sampling technique was adopted to collect data from the selected respondents through a well-designed interview schedule. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v 20) was used to analyze the prim...

Salman Ali1*, Muhammad Arif1, Mehran Ali1, Muhammad Afzaal2, Gohar Saeed32, Muhammad Bilal4, Fazal Munsif1 and Sajjad Zaheer1

... cornerstone practice. Usage of high doses of herbicides for killing weeds has created several ecological and environmental problems which cannot be overlooked. Therefore, other weed control practices and techniques should be adopted to minimize weed-crop competition and increase the growth and productivity of crop, instead of chemicals. An experiment was established at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar to evaluate the effects of b...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1 , Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Saima Anwar2, Ahsan Aziz1, Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Kashif Sohail4, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1, Amir Aziz4
...ation
percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of red rice with
application of 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S.
oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis of this experiment, it is
concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling red rice
weed.
...
Farrukh Avais1, Anser Ali1, Hamza Javed2, Muhammad Saleem3, Tehreem Tahir4,
Muhammad Rafiq5,*
... like melasma, sunspots, age
spots and freckles. Moreover, abnormal skin pigmentation is a serious aesthetic concern
which leads to psychosocial problems. Thus to achieve melanin inhibition, inhibition of
tyrosinase might be an effective approach. To this end we prepared methanolic (MeOH)
extracts from leaves and roots of Garlic Allium sativum (AS) and Peppermint Mentha
piperita (MP), which were furth...
Naeema Khatoon Khaskheli1 , Muzafar Hussain Sirohi11, 2,*, Ameer Ahmed
Mirbahar1, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Mumtaz Ali Saand1, Mirza Hussain3
...v>
lack of weed management practices across the sites.
...

1Bakhtiar Gul1*, Muhammad Ibrahim and Haroon Khan

...s against common reed management. Various water regimes affected
the re-sprouting of common reed rhizomes. The lowest sprouting (6.66%) were noted in
control treatment where no water was applied except at the time of placing the rhizomes in
the pots, while maximum (96.66%) sprouting observed within (T3) water was applied from
5th to 7th weeks (5 times). While in the 2nd experiment herbicides significantly affecte...
Haseeb Ahmad1*, Muhammad Shafi1, Waqas Liaqat1, Muhammad Faheem Jan1,
Shahzad Ahmad2 and Muhammad Farooq3
...ifferent
tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The
University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Field experiment was conducted in
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four
replications. Tillage practices i.e. chisel plough + rotavator, mouldboard plough + rotavator,
cultivator + rota...
Imtiaz Khan,1 Muhammad Kabir, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Haroon Khan, Saima
Hashim and Muhammad Azim Khan
...gs various weeds were managed significantly through tank
mixed herbicide applications with a ratio of 60-72% for broad leaf and grassy weeds
respectively. Consequently the instant results provided 54% increased yield compared to
the untreated treatments. Hence it is concluded that, line sowing in combination with tank
mixed herbicides are more suitable for management of weeds i...
Kamran Ahmed Pathan1 , Waheed Ali Panhwar1,*, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, Safdar Ali
Ujan1, Javed Ahmed Ujan1, Khadim Hussain Memon1, Irfan Ahmed Pathan1 and
Shabana Mangi1
...biologically controlling agents
into agro-ecosystems. Long horned beetles were gathered from different sites (agricultural
fields and their surrounding vegetation) of Sindh Province with insect net (7.79 cm in
diameter and 49.9 cm in length) and hand picking. A total of 234 specimens were captured
from October 2018 to July 2019. The material was identified to seven species and six
genera. The species ...
Muhammad Saleem Chang*[1], Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi4, Jay Kumar Sootaher*3, Piar Ali Shar3, Kashif Ali Buriro2, Nadia Mangrio5, Zafarullah Channa3
 
 
...er approaches on weed management in barely at Students’ Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for weed as well as barely parameters having eight treatments with three replications. The data revealed that the maximum weed control (91.3%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 7.5% emulsifiable water at 0.625 liters ha-1, 50% reduced (30 Days after sowing) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 li...
Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mansoor
Javaid1
...
germination percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling dry biomass of
rice as compared with control, respectively. This treatment also resulted in maximum delays
in mean germination time (up to 4.80 days with SE= 0.408) and days taken to 50%
germination (up to 4.40 days with SE=0.431) of rice. The highest concentrated (6%) soildecomposed
plant residue of red sprangletop significantly reduce...

Gulshan Riaz1, Zaheer-ud-din Khan1, Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan1, Andleeb Anwar Sardar1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Sarah Maryam Malik and Sohaib Muhammad1

... performed on the percentage cover basis which divided the weed species into groups, sub groups, associations and sub associations.

...

Khushdil Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Zafar1, Khafsa Malik2, Shazia Sultana1, Shabir Ahmad1, Fawad Khan3, Asif kamal1, Kalim Ullah3

...0 different weedy bee foraged plants belong to 10 various families from Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were collected, identified, and studied using light microscopy (LM). The plants were Asphodelus tenuifolius, Euphorbia helioscopia, Parthenium hysterophorus, Rhazya stricta, Datura innoxia, Eruca sativa, Convolvulus arvensis, Anagallis arvensis, Galium aparine, and Anethum graveolens. Slides for light microscopic studies were prepared using materials of acetic a...

*Malik F. H. Ferdosi1, Arshad Javaid2, Iqra Haider Khan2, Muhammad F. A. Fardosi3 and Ayesha Munir4,5

Iqtidar Hussain1, Ejaz Ahmed Khan1, Jawad Nazir and Ehtesham-ul-Haq1

... were germination percentage (%), Speed of germination, plant height (cm), root length (cm), Shoot length (cm), coleoptile length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), tiller (plant-1) and chlorophyll content (μg cm-2) of Triticum aestivum.All concentration of Leaves litterof M. azedarachshowed pronounced inhibitory effect on all parameters of T. aestivum. M. azedarach exerted phytotoxic influence on T. aestivum at initial growth st<...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Saima Anwar2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Iram Batool3, Athar Mahmood3, Abdul Rehman1, Aafaq Ali5, Aneela Nijabat5

... index, emergence percentage (%), time taken to 50% emergence as well as growth of O. punctata. However, maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days), minimum germination index (1.69), germination percentage (40%), root length (2.04 cm), shoot length (5.71 cm), fresh weight (59 g), dry weight (4.06 g) was noted at 8% concentration with fruit aqueous extract. Seeds of O. punctata took maximum time to complete 50% emergence (3.33 d...

Muhammad Nasir Mazhar1, Muhammad Arif*, Naeem Akhtar1 and Muhammad Shafiq1 and Muhammad Yousaf1

Abdullah1, Syed Mukarram Shah2, Adnan Ali Shah1, Murad Muhammad1, Muhammad Abdussalam1, Khushnood Ur Rehman3 and Haroon Khan4*

...orm of weed flora of village Sufaid Sung, Peshawar from March 2018 to June 2020. Overall, 95 plant species associated with 31 families have been recorded. Among them Poaceae (22 species), Asteraceae (10 species) followed by Amaranthaceae and Papilionaceae (6 species each), Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae (5 species each), Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae (4 species each), Chenopodiaceae and Convolvulaceae (3 species each), Apiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Malv...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1* Sadia Afzal2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Hasnain Waheed1, Aneela Nijabat4, Muhammad Ikram5, Amir Aziz6, Muhammad Adnan1, Qaisar Mehmood7, Hasnain Umer3

...ndex, germination percentage, time to 50% germination as well as well growth of E. cruss-galli weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (9.07 days), time to 50% germination (3.67 days) was noted by applying leaves and stem extract, respectively. Application of aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration resulted in greatest time to complete 50% germination (5.42 days) and lowest fresh weight (6.28 g), dry weight (1.00 g) and root length (0.33 cm) of E. cruss...
Reshma Sahito1, Nasreen Memon1, Aiman Amur1, Seema Memon1
Shabana Mangi2
...ies causes remarkable damage to crop and maximum number of specimens were collected from Peas (37) and rice (31) crops while least number on weeds (16), and dwell in weeds near crops, redescriptions of the genus and species are provided, small-sized stink bugs belonging to order Heteroptera (Tribe Carpocorini). The Carpocoris Pudicus causes a remarkable loss to different crops and weed leaves and seeds i.e., vegetables, tomatoes, peas and crops, wheat, rice, s...

Afrah Adil Hassan1*, Hawraa F. H. Alowaid1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2 

...e liver that had been damaged by lead. Generally, these results demonstrated that combined treatment of Chy and Gnk is effective against Pb-induced hepatic toxicity.
 

...

Mushtaq A.Alabodi1*, Imad Majeed Almeeni2 

...ant cats of known origin aged between 1-3 years were used. The cats were divided randomly into two groups. The first group (G1, n=5) was left without treatment and served as control group, and the second group (G2, n=5) was administered 18 mg melatonin implants as a single-dose subcutaneously. Before starting treatment at day zero, 3 ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein in all cats to measure estrogen and progesterone hormones. Post-treatment, the c...

Nittaya Thongtip1, Sukanya Poolthajit1, Sirikhan Thartrak1, Qiongxian Yan2, Suntorn Wittayakun1* 

...proximately 12 months of age were assigned in a replicated 4x4 Latin square design. Treatments were as follows: 1) control with no supplementation (CON), 2) rumen-protected D-Aspartate (RDA), at 132.74 mg/kg body weight (BW), 3) zinc bio-complex (ZBC) at 73.74 mg/kg BW, and 4) supplementation of RDA at 132.74 mg/kg BW plus ZBC at 73.74 mg/kg BW (RAZC). All dietary treatments were provided in gelatin hard capsules prepared for each treatment except the control...

Yuping Liu, Sige Wang and Tianyan Yang*

... The analysis of codon usage showed that NNA-type codons were used most frequently, which was consistent with the A bias at the third codon positions in PCGs. Three base mismatches were detected in the secondary structures of tRNAs, namely A-C, U-U and A-A, which mainly occurred in the amino acid receptor arm and TψC arm. The CR contained three different domains: extended termination-associated sequences, central conserved region (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D) a...
Ali Bouzekri1,2*, Souheila Slimani1,2, Meryem Nassar1,2, Souad Zaaboub3 and Nora Sakhraoui1
...s in testes and gonad damage in the SPT group. However, TT reduced the damage induced by SPT. In conclusion, TT could be beneficial in preventing SPT reproductive toxicity and improving sex hormone synthesis.

...
Wagner Antonio Gorozabel Muñoz1*, Mayra Jossenka Loor Solórzano1, Josselyn Gema Palacio Intriago1, Virginia Vanessa Andrade Andrade1 and Carlos Alfredo Cedeño-Palacios1,2 
 
...quash reached better averages in terms of fat 8.35 %; ash content of13.45 %; moisture 24.39 % and protein 17.70 %; the flour from vermilion squash reached better results in terms of FDN 19.76 % and FDA 8.16 %, the best carbohydrate content was for the flour obtained from pepo squash with a content of 33.85 %. All three varieties of flour showed antioxidant capacity, reaching a higher average for the flour of vermilion squash...
Memoona Adil1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Jibran Hussain2, Sehrish Firyal1, Saadat Ali3, Muhammad Azam4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Ali Raza Awan1*
...akistan were used at the age of 30 days to reveal the relationship between body weight and linear body measurements. Body measurements included body weight (BW), body length (BL), wing spread (WS), shank length (SL), shank circumference (SC), drumstick length (DL), drumstick circumference (DC), breast width (BD) and keel length (KL). The overall association between BW and other body measurements was found highly significant (p-value = 0.000). A multiple linear...

Haoneng Guo1,2, Shuangshuang Xiao3, Wenfang Lou1,2, Rifat Ullah Khan4, Juanjuan Wu1,2, Bo Huang2, Sifa Dai2,3* and Guanhong Li1*

...yzed at 7 and 14 days of age. On the 7th day, compared with group Ⅰ, the serum level of LDH in group II, III and IV were significantly decreased. Serum triiodothyronine content in group II, III, and IV was significantly increased. Also, compared with the control, the glucose level was significantly decreased in group II, and the serum uric acid content in II, III, and IV was significantly decreased. On the 14th day, compared with group Ⅰ, the K+ in the gro...

Eman Ali Hussein1*, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

...uced oxidative stress damages pancreatic beta cells and results in hyperglycemia in rats, which leads to diabetic nephropathy. The goal of this investigation was to see if Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) flavonoid extract could protect the kidneys from the effects of (SZ). The goal of the current study was to determine if the ethanolic extract of (TFG) exhibited antioxidant activity against nephropathy resulting from the effects of diabetes due to (SZ). Animal...

Md. Shahidul Islam*, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Sodrul Islam, Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil and Apurbo Kumar Mondal

... improvement, weekly average feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, final average body weight and carcass weight were recorded during the experimental period. As a part of hematological analysis at 5 weeks of age, blood parameters including total erythrocyte count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined. In case of growth per...

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1*, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Entesar H. Taha2 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...less colonization percentage (35%), while 40% root colonization was achieved when added at 7 days before nematode inoculation. Also, when AMF alone was applied at 7 days before nematode inoculation, it caused the highest percentage of colonization (60%). It could be concluded that the consortium treatment with AMF and P. fluorescens significantly decreased M. incognita on eggplant more than single treatments. 

...

Karin Alvåsen1*, Karin Maria Olofsson2, Raymond Kent Fenton3, Ulrika Rockström4, Lena-Mari Tamminen1, Nils Fall1

...g dead cattle on farm. Images are sent to a bovine practitioner, experienced in interpreting gross lesions, for analysis. In this pilot study, education and training sessions on the RDN method were administered to veterinarians. After the training sessions, the participants performed 15 RDNs. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with 10 participants to capture their experiences and views on using the RDN method. In many of the necropsied animals, the RDN di...

M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8

...ities, to effectively manage the spread of FMD during outbreaks. Additionally, selecting the appropriate timing and approach for conducting control efforts and preventative measures is beneficial in addressing future outbreaks of FMD and other recurring diseases. 
 
Keywords | Foot and mouth disease, Geographic information system, Cloven-hoofed animals, Mapping, Disease outbreak
...

Suparada Saphaphan, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*

...traw (MSGBTRS) as a roughage source in total mixed rations (TMR) on rumen fermentation and microbial ecology using an in vitro gas production technique. Four treatments, Pangola grass hay (PH), rice straw (RS), MSGBTRS, and 3.5% urea-treated rice straw (UTRS), were mixed thoroughly with the concentrated feed ingredients to make TMR at a ratio of 60:40. Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized design. Results showed that cumulative gas production at ...

Nguyen Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hoang Qui*

...05) during 6-12 weeks of age. Additionally, the study showed that replacing FM by HIM affected the carcass, thigh and breast weight (P<0.05); but did not show any effects on heart, liver and gizzard. The study also recorded longer small intestine in treatment of 30% HIM replacement. Furthermore, cooking loss and pH of breast and thigh meat was not different (P>0.05). A significant effect of HI in replacing FM recorded in immune organ weights, especially,...

Claude Mona Airin1*, Miyayu Soneta Sofyan2, Galy Hardyta3, Khrisdiana Putri4, Pudji Astuti1

... number of visitors, mileage, and number of horse riders, are also recorded. The average daily cortisol level during the low season is 392.41 ng/g dry feces, with a total visitor count of 21 without tourists riding horses. Meanwhile, the peak session reached 413.56 ng/g dry feces with 759 visitors and 12 tourists riding horses. The average cortisol levels during low sessions in the morning...

Fitrimawati*, James Hellyward

...in West Sumatera. Data usages are secondary data and primary data. The secondary data obtained from Statistics Central Bureau of West Sumatera. The primary data obtained through interviews, filling out questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions with stakeholders and experts involved in livestock development, such as breeders, government, private sector, academics and relationship institutions. The obtaining of data was analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Proce...

Mthi S. 1,2, Ikusika O.O.1*, Washaya S.3, Mpendulo C.T.1, Nowers C.B.2 

.... Improvement in the average daily weight gain performance of lambs was also observed at 10% DME inclusion levels, followed by T1 (31.96±7.787 kg), T2 (31.86±7.787 kg), and T3 (31.5±7.787 kg), respectively. Coccidia and roundworms were the only species found in the collected faecal samples. Significant differences were observed in roundworms (P<0.05) among treatment groups, but DME did not affect coccidia parasites. Overall, diatomaceou...

Khalid Hussain*, Tanvir Hussain, Zahid Rauf and Nowsherwan Zarif

...and mean annual diameter-age relationship. Forty-four trees were sampled out of which only twenty-five cores were used in the final chronology whereas nineteen samples were found problematic thus omitted from the final master chronology CDend ro & CooRecorder 9, Cofecha, ARSTAN and SPSS were used for data analysis, quality confirmation of time series, chronology construction and climate-growth relationship. Species is climate sensitive and showed dendrochr...

Salim Saifullah, Muhammad Ilyas, Bashir Ullah and Sanam Zarif Satti*

...n these samples. The average weight of rosehips varied from 4.54 to 7.92 g. Rosehips collected from Lower Topa (LT) showed the highest weight with a mean value of 7.92 g, followed by rosehips collected from Danoi (DA) (7.25 g). The average vitamin C content varied from 918 to 2985 mg/100 g. Whereas the total soluble solids (TSS), and total dry weight (TDW) varied from 31 to 34% and 34 to 40%, respectively. Rosehips collected...

Zia Ur Rahman1*, Naveed Ahmad1, Adnan Ahmad2, Hammad Ud Din1 and Fazli Amin1

...to be cultivated as a forage plant in hot and dry climate regions, and it can be used to increase the food security of a herd. A field experiment was conducted in 2022 at Medicinal Plants Farm, located in the Peshawar region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, using seven improved varieties of Sesame under irrigation conditions with a conventional watering frequency of once per month. The objective of the study was to identify the best-performing Sesame varieties that woul...

Ashar Farooq1*, Farrukh Waheed1 and Asad Abbas Khan2

... as cover percent and forage production. Three transect lines, each of 100 m long, were stretched in the sample area. On each transect line, ten (10) equally spaced one meter square (1mx1m) quadrats were placed at a distance of 10 meters. Thus, 30 quadrats from the area were studied. The clipping of grass was made at 2.5 cm above the collar point. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. Results revealed that forage pr...

Amir Afzal1*, Sairah Syed1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2, Ruqeah Mustafa1, Marjan Aziz1, Madeeha Khan1, Azra Khan3, Uzma Javed1, Attiq Ur Rehman4, Rubab Altaf 5 and Qamar Shakil6

...f dollars in economic damages globally every year. Understanding the lifecycle of pathogens is vital in formulating effective management strategies for plant diseases. Pst has a complex life cycle that entails both sexual and asexual reproduction, facilitating the rapid evolution of new strains. The evolution of new races is primarily driven by the selection pressure imposed by the deployment of resistance genes in wheat cul...

Ghalib Nadeem* and Muhammad Irfan Anis 

... of data-driven dairy management.

...
Rameez Raja Kaleri1,5*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Ahmed Nawaz Khosa2, Raza Ali Mangi3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4 Mushtaq Ahmed Jalbani1, Irfan Ali Sahto1 and Muhammad Ismail1
...er the semi-intensive management system. The results for carcass traits including live body weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and boneless weight significantly higher (P≤0.0) in Balochi sheep breed followed by Bibrik, Rakhshani and Harnai sheep breed. The result for thoracolumbar vertebrae variation were 20, 18, 18 and 19, Balochi, Rakhshani, Harnai and Bibrik, respectively. It is concluded that Balochi sheep br...

Youlin Fu1, Zhongming Yang1 and Chongrong Qiu2*

...by western blot. The average PC density of CA smooth muscle cells in hypertension group decreased to (68.72±5.14) % after the addition of 100nM IBTX, while that in Wistar group reduced to (33.21±1.76) % after the addition of 100nM IBTX. When the PC of coronary smooth muscle cells of hypertensive rats was + 120mV, + 110mV, + 100mV and + 90mV, the current density after 3mm4-AP inhibition was strikingly higher than that of rats in Wistar group. The ...
GUL HASSAN,Khan Bahadar Marwat,NAEEM KHAN,MUHAMMAD AZIM KHAN
Muhammad Haroon,SHAH FAHAD,Muhammad Saeed,MUHAMMAD WAQAS,ZIA UD DIN
Shahida Bibi , Khan Bahadar Marwat , Gul Hassan , Barkat A. Khan
Manzoor Ahmad,Bashir Ahmad,SIRAJ UD DIN,Muhammad Ramzan,Salim Shah,SAJJAD ALI,WAJID KHAN,Subhan ud Din
TABASSUM YASEEN,MASOD AHMAD,KAWSAR ALI,Abdullah,WAHEED ULLAH,NAVEEDULLAH,Md. Abdullah Al Mamun,Muhammad Amin
Sairah Syed,Muzammil Hussain Siddiqui,Muhammad Rahim Khan,Mazhar Iqbal,Jaweria Gul
Khalid Usman, Shad Khan Khalil, Fida Mohammad, Muhammad Azim Khan , Amir Zaman Khan
NAQIB ULLAH KHAN,SANA ULLAH KHAN
ZAHID HANIF,Murad Ali,Muhammad Ashfaq Khan,Muhammad Saeed,Shah Masaud Khan,Imtiaz Khan,MUHAMMAD ISHFAQ KHAN
Inayat Ullah Awan, Mohammad Azam Khan, Muhammad Zareef , Ejaz Ahmad Khan
Zahid Hussain,KAWSAR ALI,ABDUR REHMAN,FAZAL MUNSIF,SYED ISHFAQ ALI
MOHAMMAD JAMAL KHAN,NAZIR AHMAD,AZHAR RAUF,MOHAMMAD AMIN,MOHAMMAD TARIQ JAN,MASOOD UR REHMAN
M. Farooq,G. Haider,K. Jabran,A. Khaliq,S.M.A. Basra,A. Razzaq, Z.A. Cheema
Waheed Ullah, Muhammad Azim Khan, Muhammad Sadiq, Habib ur Rehman, Anwar Nawaz , Muhammad Altaf Sher
Khan Bahadar Marwat, Zahid Hussain, Bakhtiar Gul , Muhammad Saeed
Mansoor Khan Khattak , Muhammad Jamal Khan , Muhammad Salih Somroo , Liaqat Ali Jamali , Muhammad Saleem Khan
Muhammad Imran Zakariyya,Mohammad Safdar Baloch,MUHAMMAD SADIQ,INAYATULLAH AWAN,Abdul Aziz Khakwan
MASOOD UR REHMAN,MUHAMMAD WAQAS,Muhammad Ramzan,Rahamdad Khan,IFTIKHAR UD DIN,Subhan ud Din
Mahmood Laghari,Ahmed Naqi Shah,Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar,Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro,Habib-ur-Rehman Memon
Abdul Qayyum,EJAZ AHMAD KHAN,Muhammad Ayaz Khan,Kalim Ullah,MUHAMMAD SADIQ,INAYATULLAH AWAN,HABIB UR REHMAN
Muhammad Arif, Fazal Munsif, Muhammad Waqas, Ibni Amin Khalil , Kawsar Ali
Muhammad Sarwar Cheema,Fayyaz Ahmad,Shahid Bashir
Shahida Bibi , Khan Bahadar Marwat , Gul Hassan , Barkat A. Khan
GUL HASSAN,QAYUM NAWAZ KHAN,NAQIB ULLAH KHAN,SANA ULLAH KHAN,ABDUL AZIZ KHAKWANI
Masood Ur Rahman,Taj Ali Khan,Subhan ud Din,Rahamdad Khan,Muhammad Haroon,Abdul Samad,Muhammad Ramzan
Amar Matloob,SADDAM HUSSAIN,MUHAMMAD RIAZ,EHSAN ULLAH,GHULAM MURTAZA,Abdul Khaliq
KASHIF ALI,Zahid Hussain,Fawad Ali,Muhammad Shuaib,Wasim Sajjad,MUHAMMAD FAZIL
Khan Bahadar Marwat, Zahid Hussain, Muhammad Saeed, Bakhtiar Gul , Haroon-ur-Rashid
MUHAMMAD SALEEM KHAN,IQBAL MUNIR,SYED ZAHIR SHAH,NAVEED AKHTAR,Haroon Khan,WISAL MUHAMMAD KHAN
GUL HASSAN,MUHAMMAD IQBAL MARWAT,Khan Bahadar Marwat,Haji Khalil Ahmad
Khalid Usman , Ejaz Ahmad , Muhammad Umar Khan , Atiq Ahmad , Adeel Imdad , Javed Iqbal
Muhammad Musa,Salim Shah,WAJID KHAN,SAJJAD ALI,Zahid Hussain,Subhan Uddin
Muhammad Shafi, Roohul Amin, Jehan Bakht, Shazma Anwar, Wajid Ali Shah , Muhammad Aman Khan
Rakiba Shultana,A.J. Mridha,Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun,M.K.A. Bhuiyan,A. Mazid
Zahid Hussain,Mehrunisa Memon,Sheharyar Ahmad,Muhammad Saeed,Muhammad Haroon,Mahmooda Buriro,Mansoor Khan Khattak,Ishaq Khan,Mazhar Iqbal
Khan Bahadar Marwat , Muhammad Saeed , Bakhtiar Gul , Zahid Hussain , Nayyar Iqbal Khan
Habib Ur Rahman,Rehmat Ullah,MUHAMMAD SADIQ,EJAZ AHMAD KHAN,Kalim Ullah,Muhammad Saeed Khattak,Abdul Qayyum,INAYATULLAH AWAN
Khan Bahadar Marwat , Zahid Hussain, Muhammad Saeed, Bakhtiar Gul , Sahib Noor
Muhammad Mansoor, Haji Khalil Ahmad, Himayatullah Khan , Muhammad Yaqoob
Atiq Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Qasim Khan , Muhammad Saleem Jilani
Ijaz Naeem,FAQIR GUL,Jawad Ali,Mushtaq Ahmad Khan,Zakria Bacha,ABID KHAN,YOUSAF JAMAL,MUHAMMAD ADNAN
Muhammad Arif, Inayat Ullah Awan, Haji Himayat Ullah Khan
B.KARMAKAR,M.A.I KHAN,M.R. Bhuiyan,DEBJIT ROY,M.M HOSSAIN,M.M RASHID
KAWSAR ALI,Zahid Hussain,IFTIKHAR UD DIN,SHAD KHAN KHALIL,FAZAL MUNSIF,WAGMA
Muhammad Zubair, Habib ur Rahman, M. Salim Jilani, Mehwish Kiran, M. Kashif Waseem, A.M. Khattak, A. Rahim, Atiq Ahmad Khan, A. Qayyum, A. Wahab
Nazeer Hussain Shah, Gul Hassan, Sad Ur Rahman , Nazir Ahmad , Fazle Subhan
H.I MAJEEDANO,M.A QURESHI,S.D TUNIO,A.D JARWAR
Riaz A. Mann, Shahbaz Ahmad, Gul Hassan , Mohammad Safdar Baloch
Waheed Ullah, Muhammad Azim Khan, Shahnaz Arifullah , Muhammad Sadiq
ASIM MUHAMMAD,Imtiaz Khan,MUHAMMAD SAYYAR KHAN,RAFI WAZIR,MUHAMMAD SUBHAN,Murad Ali
Sehrish Sadia,Rahmatullah Quresh,SHAHIDA KHALID,Ali Ahsan Bajwa
Zahid Hussain,Bakhtiar Gul,Khan Bahadar Marwat,IJAZ AHMAD KHAN
Haji Khalil Ahmad,GUL HASSAN,MUHAMMAD IQBAL MARWAT,Khan Bahadar Marwat
Muhammad Haroon,MUHAMMAD WAQAS,Muhammad Saeed,AWAIS JAMAL,SHAH FAHAD,Muhammad Saeed Khattak
MUHAMMAD ILYAS,MURAD ALI KHAN,Muhammad Saeed,LUQMAN,SADAM HUSSAIN,MUHAMMAD SALEEM KHAN,Naushad khan,Zahid Hussain
Eric Koetz,David LucketT,Hanwen Wu,Deirdre Lemerle
Gul-e-Raana , Shahida Khalid, Rahmatullah Qureshi , Sehrish Sadia , Ali Ahsan Bajwa
Nancy Shackelford , Michael Renton , Michael Perring , Kristine Brooks , Richard Hobbs
Peter Harper,JOEL DANNIELS,Nimal Chandrasena,EDDIE FERRY
Ct. Sathappan , K. Arivukarasu, S. Rameshkumar, G. Murugan , Rm. Kathiresan
Abul Hashem,Pippa Michael,Catherine Borger,Sally Peltzer
Rex Stanton , Hanwen Wu , Deirdre Lemerle
Jae-Eup Park,Lee, In-Yong,Chang-Seok Kim,Byung-Chul Moon,Oh-Do Kwon,Jeongran Lee
Tanzeela Ibrahim, Rana Abrar Hussain, Zahar Noreen and Irum Mukhtar
Moinullah, Shahen Shah, Arshad Jalal, Tariq Shah, Wisal Ahmad and Asad Ali Khan
Mushtaq Ahmad Khan, Abdul Basir, Muhammad Adnan, Abdul Sattar Shah, Muhammad Noor, Abid Khan, Jawad Ali Shah1,Zohaib Ali and Abdur Rahman
Ijaz Ahmad, Imtiaz Khan, Shah Zareen, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Rahamdad Khan and Muhammad Haroon
Kashif Waseem , Raheel Hassan, Muhammad Saleem Jilani, Mehwish Kiran, Muhammad Sohail Khan, Muhammad Amjad Nadim, Ghazanfarullah and Sadaf Javeria
Wisal Ahmad, Mohammad Tariq Jan, Muhammad Ilyas, Kamran Azeem, Tariq Shah, Moin Ullah, Muhammad Faraz and Kamran Khan
Muhammad Shafi , Zulfiqar Khan, Muhammad Owais Khan , Haseeb Ahmad, Jehan Bakht , and Shazma Anwar

Xiaodong Lin*, Guangyao Wu and Fu Zhang

...divided into remission stage(n=25) and active stage (n=33). Another 50 healthy people who did not have intestinal lesions at the same time were selected as controls. The immunohistochemically results demonstrated that occludin positive cells were mainly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of epithelial cells and glandular cells, with brownish yellow staining particles. The expression of occludin positive cells in th...

Sheng Zhang, Rui Qiu, Zhiping Lv, Liying Yang and Wei He*

...dized bronchoalveolar lavage. Participants’ general data are collected and analyzed. EphA2 expression and PRMT1 expression in blood samples are determined by ELISA, and EphA2 protein and PRMT1 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples are determined by western blotting, and then EphA2 mRNA and PRMT1 mRNA in BALF samples are determined by RT-PCR. The EphA2 expression and PRMT1 expression in experimental gro...

Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal 

... are used in the Blind Image Deconvolution (BID) method to extract the clear image from the blurred image. Traditional restoration filters require manual estimation of its parameters in the traditional restoration case. Due to this parameter adjustment, restoration filters require parameter estimation which itself is a tedious job. This study proposes a novel technique for using im

Sri Purwanti1*, Wempie Pakiding1, Marhamah Nadir1, Nurhayu2, Kusumandari Indah Prahesti1, Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin1, Jasmal Ahmari Syamsu1,4, Andi Mushawwir3 

...ive chickens with an average initial weight of 42-45 g were divided into 3 treatment groups and fed diets, namely P0 (basal feed), P1 (basal feed + maggot mash 25%+ indigofera mash 5%+ turmeric mash 2.5%), and P2 (basal feed + maggot mash 20% + indigofera mash 10% + turmeric mash 2.5%). The result of this experiment showed that the cardiovascular biomarkers including the CRP (C-reactive protein) high sensitivity, H-FABP (heart-type fatty acid-binding protein),...

Muhammad Bilal Zia1*, Ashar Farooq1, Hammad Ud Din1, Barkat Ullah Khan1 and Samee Ud Din2

... promising afforestation agent for phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted soils. Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar introduced Paulownia species in 1989 and six species were evaluated in multi-location trials. The studies for optimal planting stock and propagation methods for Paulownia indicated that the root stumps grew substantially taller, having straight stems and symmetrical crowns. Highest survival was observed for Paulownia fortunei, Paulownia toment...

Ali Nawaz, Qazi Bilal, Anwar Ali*, Nowsherwan Zarif, Faizan Ahmad, Asim Karim and Atif Majeed

...deltoides shows that average net return and average net present value are 11121USD ha-1, INR. 793,579 ha-1 with benefit cost ratio of 2.45. The land expectation value and internal rate of return were found 9570USD ha-1 and 11121USD ha-1, with an internal rate of return 52 % ha-1. The review concluded that the potential of poplar (Populus deltoides) based agroforestry system can be utilized by overcoming financial, technical,...

Hadi Awad Hassooni1, Safaa Sabbar Atiyah2*, Alaa Saleh Jassim1 

...ch aims to study the linkage among the genetic marker DIK20 and several physiological and productive features in Holstein cattles, which includes milk production, mastitis, and percentages of fat, lactose, and protein. The research was conducted in one milk production season, starting from October 2022 to April 2023, using 60 Holstein cows aged between 4-6 years. The results showed that co...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Sarzamin khan1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Muhammad Ayaz3

...;Fayoumi) layer birds of age 28 weeks were used for the experimental purpose and were assigned into five groups CON, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each group contained 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The CON group had a corn-soybean basal diet while the T1 group had 3%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, T2 3%SH+30mg/kg enzyme, T3 9%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, and T4 group 9%SH+30mg/kg enzyme in the feed. The result showed significantly higher digestibility of crude protein (CP) in the ...

Kang Cheng1*, Zhihua Song2, Jingyi Niu1, Jin Huang1, Laiting Liu1, Jinrong Wang1 and Yong Zhang1*

...male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomized to 3 groups, namely, control, heat stress, and heat stress + fisetin (HS-FIS). The experiment lasted for 3 days with daily 1.5 h of heat treatment (40°C) for the heat stress and HS-FIS groups. Rats of the HS-FIS group were orally given 100 mg fisetin /kg body weight/day before the heat treatment. The results showed that fisetin restored the heat stress-induced jejunum morphological dam

Hafiz Muhammad Farooq Yaqub1, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Rashid Saif2, Muti ur Rehman3, Muhammad Wasim1*

...KN1B) of these miRNAs. Qiagen miScript Primer Assay based expression analyses revealed the over-expression of all three miRNAs in most of the studied canine mammary tumor samples compared to normal mammary tissue. Furthermore, this over-expression of tested miRNAs, down regulated their target genes in tumor samples compared to normal samples.

...

Hafiz Muhammad Farooq Yaqub1, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Rashid Saif2, Muti ur Rehman3, Muhammad Wasim1*

...KN1B) of these miRNAs. Qiagen miScript Primer Assay based expression analyses revealed the over-expression of all three miRNAs in most of the studied canine mammary tumor samples compared to normal mammary tissue. Furthermore, this over-expression of tested miRNAs, down regulated their target genes in tumor samples compared to normal samples.

...

Mohamed A. Abu El-Hamd1*, Abd El-Salam M. Metwally2, Mohamed I. Bassiouni2, Mohamed M. Hegazy2, Mohamed A. El-Gendy1 and Mohammed A. El-Magd3

...significantly higher average daily milk, 4% fat corrected milk yield, and fat % than the control group. Protein % and total solid % significantly increased in G5 than in G1. The interval from calving to estrus was shorter in G5 than in other groups. G4 and G5 had a significantly lower number of days open and services per conception and a significantly greater conception rate than other groups. With these results, we conclude that supplementation of Friesian co...

 

Chika Bright Ikele1*, Ugwu Venita Uju1, Chioma Faith Ikele2

...ized against infective stage theronts. Two solvents, ethanol and chloroform solvents were used to extract five botanicals i.e., bitter kola (Garcinia kola), cashew leaf (Anacardium occidentale), bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and ocimum leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) to investigate their efficacy against theronts for 24 hours. A 100 µl (480 theronts) were distributed into five groups; 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1 g/ml (A-E...

Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai 

...latively lobulated. This age was characterized by longitudinal and translational folds along the entire inner surface. Histologically, both organs were composed of the same four basic layers. Due to some of its distinct anatomical and physiological characteristics, this animal species is valuable as a model in numerous scientific investigations. Therefore, this study sheds light on the histomorphological and histochemical properties of these organs, supporting...

Majeed Ajafar1, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory1*, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2

...he 12th day of embryonic age, half of the eggs (450 eggs) were divided into 6 groups (75 eggs per group). The first egg group was kept in the incubator without treatment and was a negative control (NC). The second egg group was injected with 0.3 ml of NACL solution and served as a positive control (PC).In contrast, the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th egg groups were injected with phospholipids at a concentration of 1, 2, 3, and 4% (0.3 ml/egg), respectively. On the 18t...

Sariffudin Fatmona*, Sri Utami, Gunawan

...ropriate reproduction management is needed. In this case, direct measurement is carried out in the field, in addition to observation and interview with the breeders. The number of cattle involved is 230 cattle and aged more than two years old. Furthermore, their weight was measured using the Djagra formulation. The variables studied include Post Partum Estrus, Post Partum Mating, Calving Interval, and Weight by calculating t...

Thuong Thi Nguyen1*, Thoa Thi Kim Nguyen1,2, Thuan Khanh Nguyen3, Meera C. Heller4

... months in 2022. The average number of dairy cows per smallholder farm was approximately 9 cows with 11.52 ± 4.56 kg/cow/day. Milk yield was measured for the total number of dairy cows per smallholder, and 10 milk quality parameters included somatic cell count (SCC) and others (total solid, fat, solid-non-fat, crude protein, pH, free fatty acids, lactose, temperature, true protein), and examined by Foss–Milkoscan machines in dairy centers. SCC was...

Viranga Kumudini Jayasundara¹*, Ali Khatibi², Jacqueline Tham²

...ervention employed to manage the free-roaming or stray dog population in the Sri Lankan context after imposing a “no kill” policy in 2006. However, sustainable and effective management is still not visible in urban areas and rural areas of the country as well. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate dog owners’ dog-keeping practices, and behaviours for dogs’ undesirable behaviours, and veterinary s...

Muhammad Choirur Roziqin1, Muhammad Halim Natsir2*, Osfar Sjofjan2

...nces, and carcase percentage. The initial phase involved conducting a date pit flour meal experiment using a complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications to examine the internal organs, growth performances, and carcase percentage. Following this, a second experiment was conducted using 200 Day Old Chick (DOC) broiler chickens with MB 202 type unsexed with an average body...

Habib Asshidiq Syah1, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, I Putu Arya Girinata1, Ahmad Fahrudin Husen1, Rizki Prafitri1, Nurul Isnaini1, Nanang Febrianto1, Putri Utami1, Muhaimin Rifa’i2, Trinil Susilawati1*

...dition Score 2.5-3.5 and aged 1.5-8 years and showing signs of estrus. Using the method of descriptive statistics. The percentage of AI success of T1 and T2 based on NRR-1 values showed no significant difference (P>0.05) 77.00% vs 86.96%, NRR-2 values showed no significant difference (P>0.05) 62.00% vs 73.04%, and CR values showed no significant difference (P>0.05) 49.00% vs 46.09%, respectively. Although AI success...

Putri Islamiati1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif2, Joko Sujiwo1,3, Adi Nugroho4, Bambang Ariyadi1*

...ess because it can encourage compensatory growth in broilers. This study was conducted to determine the effect of restricted feeding through the fasting method on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive organs, blood hematology, and intestinal histomorphology of broilers. A total of 240-day-old male New Lohmann broilers were randomly assigned to two treatments: ad libitum feeding (AF) and restriction feeding (RF). Restricted feeding is carried out by fas...

Migie Handayani1*, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Jamhari Jamhari2

...esults show that, on average, goat ownership was 11 goats, with annual production costs of about IDR 7,140,000, annual revenue of IDR 16,501,000, and annual income of IDR 9,361,000. Factors influencing goat farming income include the sale of livestock, feed costs, number of livestock, feeding management, marketing management, and adoption of feed technology. The implication of this study i...

Guenaoui Mohamed1*, Khelil Sofiane Raouf2, Berrani Abdelkader3

...of 300 females of quail, aged 42 days old. Quails were housed in cages. They were randomly assigned to the three experimental diets (100 Quails per diet). In total, 30 cages (10 cages/treatment) were used and each cage contained 10 quails. The results showed that the addition of sunflower oil to the feed of quails duri...

Katleho Lephuting, Lebelo Joyceline Selala, Kwena Mokoena, Thobela Louis Tyasi*

...a goat bucks between the ages of 2 and 3 years old were used as experimental animals. Three testicular measurement traits namely testicular length (TL), testicular diameter (TD), and scrotal circumference (SC) were collected using a measuring tape. Body weight (BW) was collected using the electronic weighing scale. Data was analysed using Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression. Phenotypic correlation results indicated that SC (r = 0.90) and T...

Kingsley O. Omeje1, Juliet N. Ozioko2, Amaechi L. Ogara2, Benjamin O. Ezema2* and Dilibe C. Urama3

..., used in treating or management of many diseases. Glycosides, flavonoids, saponnins, alkaloids and tannins were detected in the extract with flavonoids (3.62 mg/QEq), glycosides (0.194 mg/100g), tannins (8.508mg/TAEq) and alkaloids (6.43%) were quantified. There was no sign of mortality or toxicity after the acute and chronic toxicity tests after 24 hr. Some hematological indices (red blood, white blood cells, packed cell volume, lymphocytes, neutrophil, mean...

Chun Shi*, Ziyu Cao, Mingyuan Yang and Meijing Zhai

... plant complex sterility agent) and high dose (20 mg/kg of plant complex sterility agent) groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining is used to observe the pathological changes of testis tissue. The testis organ index, male seminal vesicle, and sperm were also detected. The expression of FAM209, and PICK1protein in testis tissue are detected by Western blotting. Compared with the control group, the cell structure in the testis t...

Quart ul Ain1, Arfan Ahmad1*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1 and Mamoona Chaudhry2

...vaccinated on 6th day of age with imported (Ivac), local (Lvac) and self-prepared (Spvac) vaccines, respectively. Group D (virus challenged) and E (non- vaccinated/non-challenged) were kept as control groups. Virus shedding in cloacal swabs, taken on 15 consecutive days PCI from all the groups (25th day, 100 EID50, intranasal) were tested through Real-Time RT-PCR. Humoral immune response were also measured by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using blood ...

Chengrui Yan1, Jing Miao1, Jiantong Feng1, Liping Xia1, Yingying Ye1,2*, Jiji Li1 and Baoying Guo1,2

...pport the aquaculture management and conservation of T. clavigera in China.

...

Safdar Abbas1, Jawaria Ali Khan1*, Syed Saleem Ahmed1 and Aftab Ahmed Anjum2

...ves using RT-PCR. Breed, age, sex, vomiting, previous history of diarrhoea, body conditions, food type, colostrum feeding, deworming history, living environment, seasonal variation, and cohabitation with other animals were all assumed risk factors for BCoV infection (p<0.05). There was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in MCV (fl) and a significant (p<0.006) increase in TLC (1x103/cm3) on haematological analysis in BCoV-infected calves. TEC (1x106/cm3)...

Sara Brikat1*, Imane Kherrab1*, Yassine Taaifi2*, Sara Haida3, Laila Ibouzine-Dine1, Oumaima Abouyala1, Ilhame Fitah1, Abdelhalim Mesfioui1, Aboubaker Elhessni1 

...ential nutri-therapeutic agent in mood regulation and memory enhancement. 

...

Abdul Rahman Sesay1,2, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1*, Faisal Ramzan1 and Faisal Saeed Awan3

...hen fed low-quality roughages. Domestication and breeding of mammals have exerted a consistent selection pressure on a wide range of characteristics in many domesticated species, resulting in discernible genetic modifications at the individual genome level. The study aimed to discover and analyze potential indicators of recent selection in Sahiwal cattle, specifically identifying the genes and quantitative trait loci associated with these selection indicators....
Mubashar Hussain1,2*, Hifza Liaqat1, Muhammad Faheem Malik1
Kiran Aftab1, Moazama Batool3, Razia Iqbal1 and Somia Liaqat1
...rns of pollinator assemblages were explored at Deva Vatala National Park (DVNP), Bhimber, AJK, Pakistan. Sampling was recorded fortnightly by using pan traps, sweep nets, and handpicking. A one-year survey of pollinator fauna was recorded from selected locales of DVNP from October 2019 to September 2020. We observed the same species richness in all three study sites, but a great difference was observed in species abundance. A total of 5565 individuals of 58 sp...

Wei Li1, Xvming Qi2, Xueli Lu3, Li Yuan4 and Huaiqing Deng1*

...individuals of different age and sex classes, no significant periodicity in the change of testosterone in the feces samples of Hainan gibbon group C, and no significant difference in the level of testosterone between individuals of the same sex and age. However, there was a significant difference in testosterone levels between adult males and adult females. By comparing the levels of testosterone in different individuals, it...

Basheer Ahmad, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...nce. Traditional land management practices like agri forestry offer a promising solution in Pakistan. To plant trees on private lands, agroforestry enables pure rights of timber resources and, when well-managed, can significantly enhance agriculture and mitigate wood shortages. Despite concentrated efforts to familiarize and encourage innovative agri-for...

Roshan Ara1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada1, Amir Khan Korai1*, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi, Anam Mehwish Khanzada1, Khalid Hussain Qureshi1, Shakal Khan Korai2*

...nderstanding nematode management strategies in the agricultural field.

...

Sumaira Fiaz1*, Huma Naz1*, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Iqra Zulfiqar1, Khalid Mehmood1, Muhammad Jabbar1, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Usman4

...ion and increased hemorrhage in sinusoids, inflammation and vacuolation in hepatocytes and ruptured hepatocytes after 60-days of experimental period. Hepatosomatic index was significantly less in Cd-treated fish than control fish throughout the experimental period. Addressing this problem requires a coordinated effort among governments, industries, and individuals to reduce heavy metal pollution, protect aquatic ecosystems, and safeguard human health. 

Zaigham Abbas1*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Anjum Aqeel1, Talha Nazir2

...ned under laboratory storage conditions. Maximum grain weight loss was recorded in Thal-2006 (9.07%) after 120 days of infestation followed by CM-2008 (8.37%), while relatively lower weight loss (6.95%) was recorded in case of Punjab-2009. After 90 days of infestation, mean weight loss values for Thal-2006, CM-2008, Punjab-2008 and Punjab-2009 were recorded as 8.21, 5.95, 5.36 and 5.13%, respectively. Relatively lower values of grain weight loss were recorded ...

I Ketut Puja1*, I Nyoman Sulabda2, Ni Nyoman Trinayani3, Ni Wayan Patmawati3, Made Rahayu Kusumadewi3, Putu Bulan Sasmita Dewi3, I Wayan Sukernayasa4, Anak Agung Gede Oka Dharmayudha5, Putu Devi Jayanti5, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan5 

...ivestock reproductive management; therefore, choosing an accurate method for diagnosing early pregnancy is very important. This research aims to determine the potential utilization of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) circulating in the blood as a diagnostic tool for pregnancy in cows. A study was carried out on 37 Bali cows with previous experience giving birth. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein on the 45th day after artificial inseminatio...
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
...d in selected sample villages using multi-stage random sampling techniques. The sampling intensity was 0.1%. The results revealed that all farmers have planted trees on their farmlands. Poplar is the main species, followed by Eucalyptus, Bakain, Ailanthus and Kikar. Though farm forestry is practiced in the area since ancient times, the modern commercial farm forestry has been started in the last three decades. Driving forces...
Fazli Amin1*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Salman3, Zia Ur Rahman4 and Mir Manzar Ud Din5
...corded in highest percentage (61.34%) while the lowest values (8.25%) was observed for Xylocopa fenestrata. Peak pollinator's activities were recorded in the morning hours (9-10am) as compared to the later part of the day. Overall Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata and Eristalis tenax showed higher abundance.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Pollinators, Relative abundance, Diversity. ...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...ether with the right message, messenger, and target audience, are additional requirements for successful promotion. To improve agroforestry in Pakistan, corrective steps to simplify the current systems and develop long-term sustainable methods and methodologies are recommended. This study was conducted in District Malakand to learn the effects of agroforestry practices on farmers and the significant reasons for planting as well as the primary advant
TitleVol71(2)2021
...of Vol.71(2), 2021...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...it is necessary to encourage active community-based management practices. The establishment of model agroforestry farms at the village level can be a productive extension technique; nevertheless, in order for extension programming to be effective, it is necessary for partners to share both an appreciation of the problem and a vision of viable solutions. The corrective actions be taken in o...
Saddam Rasham1*, Sohaib Ahmed1, Arz Muhammad Umrani1, Sidra Jamil2, Tariq Khan1, Shehr Yar Nasim3, Safi Ullah1, Haseeb Ahmad1 and Asfand Yar Nasim1
...hasan, which are two villages located in Azad Kashmir close to Ganga Choti Bagh, were asked questions in an order that was randomised. This allowed for the questions to be answered in any way that was most convenient for them. For the aim of our research, we conducted interviews with the people who took part in the study as part of the methodology that we utilized to collect data from the field. In order to collect the information that was required, interviews...
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...nal agroforestry land management method. The ownership of any timber resource can be established by planting trees on privately owned farms, and well-managed systems have a tremendous deal of potential to both improve agriculture and ease the wood crisis. However, agroforestry practices are being adopted slowly in the province for several reasons. The main causes for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's slowdown adoption of agroforestry pra...
Tanvir Hussain1, G. M. Nasir2, and Ayaz Marwat3
...with three Dimensional images (3D) were loaded into the developed software program. Each species was properly given; Scientific name, possible local names, catalogue number, nature of wood (soft/hard), region, Identification features and its distribution. The developed software program proved to be robust and efficient for wood identification process....
Ashar Farooq1 and Shakeel Ahmad2
...re collected using two stage sampling technique. In the first stage, circular sample plots having an area of 0.1 ha, with the sampling intensity of 5% were laid out. The vegetation parameters were studied in square quadrats with area of 1 meter square. During data collection, the vegetation density, cover (%), relative density and species composition were determined. Secondary data regarding rehabilitation of degraded slopes...
Ghayyas Ahmad1, Arifullah Awan2 and Muhammad Imran3
... study of the common and age-old practice of lopping of Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) in the Marghazar valley (Swat) was conducted through a social survey of the local population. Factors involved in the practice of lopping such as the purpose of lopping, awareness about the legal status of the practice and its impact on the tree health, tools used in lopping, species preferred and the role of gender were investigated. It was found that the practice was ...
Title page and contents of PJF Vol.70(2), 2020
...F Vol.70(2), 2020....
Muhammad Umar Atique1, Sanam Zarif Satti1, Muhammad Ilyas1*
...ata has a maximum percentage (12.56%) of protein content, followed by Acacia nilotica (10.28%) and Ceratonia siliqua (6.54%). The maximum carbohydrate percentage was found in Acacia nilotica (39.41%) followed by Bauhinia variegata (33.8%), while the minimum concentration (27.48%) was found in Ceratonia siliqua. Relatively high concentrations of fat were found in Acacia nilotica, followed by Ceratonia siliqua while minimum pe...
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
... study reveals that, average income from selling the farm trees upon maturity by the framers is Rs 236954 / annum. The study suggests that technical guidance is more important because farmers have no idea which species to plant and how to plant, that can lead to more production. The study also recommends to solve the sale problems, that is wood based industries be established in the rural area to make the efficient use of wood grown on farmlands....
Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Salman Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...ve that the increasing usage of firewood in the area as a result of more trees means that people's consumption patterns have changed. When it came to the availability of timber, the data showed that 24% of respondents bought their wood from plantations and 32% bought it from marketplaces, farms, and other places. According to the results, more than 70% of respondents think that the BTAP provides several employment opportunities. The remaining 30% claimed there...
Muhammad Rayyan1, Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Saif Ullah1 Khan and Salman Ahmad1
... to their efforts. Two-stage random sampling was adopted to collect the required information from forty respondents through a structured questionnaire. Our results revealed that about 72.5% of respondents have the primary reason for planting is economic return, while 15% plants for shelterbelt purposes. Whereas, results further revealed that 12.5% farmers planted trees for land stabilization. In addition to that 57.5% of households gets benefits from agrofores...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Lal Badshah2 and Sanam Zarif1
...on through ecological management. This would be possible with participation of local communities and NGOs to make the plant resources sustainable. There is a dire need to provide an alternate source of energy to overcome the burden on rangeland resources.
Key words: Spectrum, Rangeland, Life form, Leaf size, Ashkhel, Shekhmalkhel
...
Khush Bakht Arooj1, Muhammad Salman2 and Naveed Ahmed3
...ied out in different villages of Tehsil and District Bannu. A general survey was also conducted to know about the bee flora for pollen and nectar sources plants in district Bannu. The purposive random sampling method was used. During this study it was found that majority of the respondents belong to age class 21-35 (52%) followed by age class 36-50 (32%) and the least number of respondents...
TitleVol.71(1), 2021
...f Vol.71(1), 2021....
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...ervices (e.g. carbon storage and climate change mitigation, soil and flood protection, wildlife habitat, water recharge, watershed conservation and water flow regulation, fodder, etc) are still not accounted properly. Therefore, this study was conducted to ascertain the carbon stock of Pinus gerardiana at the landscape level. The study was conducted in Chilghoza Forest of Suleman Range. Systemic sampling approach was adopted. The circular plots with a r...
Zahid Mahmood1, Mohammad Salim2, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Zahid Rauf1, Muhammad Naqash1 and Ahmad Hussain3
... Density, MoR, MoE, cleavage, tensile, compression parallel to grains, compression perpendicular to grains, End hardness and Side hardness. Results revealed that Papular deltiodes has low-very low strength wood species with moderate hardness; Papular euphratica were a high-density species having high elasticity, low bending and compression, with medium hardness; Eucalyptus citridora was hard with medium to very high strength properties,
Ashar Farooq1*, Mohammad Salim2, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Zahid Rauf1, Ahmed Hussain2 and Muhammad Bilal Zia1
...ce of three perennial forage species of Panicum grass subjected to different clipping stages at Range Research Garden, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Randomized Complete Block Design with Factorial arrangement having four replications was used for layout of the experiment. Treatment combinations consisted of three species i.e. Panicum antidotale, Panicum coloratum and Panicum maximum and three clip...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Ayaz Khan
...sistant to deteriorating agents in comparison to Morus nigra. Further, the wood of both the species may also be suitable for pulp and paper making....
Kaleem Mehmood1, Sultan Muhammad2 and Altaf Hussain3
...cover in the area. Two-stage Random sampling was adopted for the selection of respondents. The sampling intensity was kept as 12.5%. Major source of income in the area is farming. The plantation in the study area increases fodder production to fold for livestock for fulfilling their daily needs. Firewood is the main source of fuel. Average fire wood consumption per day per household is procured from these plantations. The tr...
Khalid Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Tanvir Hussain
...h rate, heartwood percentage and anatomical properties of locally grown species Paulownia catalpifolia, Paulownia elongata, Paulownia fortune and Paulownia tomentosa was carried out in order to observe the extent of variations. Discs were cut off from the butt log of each species at breast height and data were collected for the growth rate and heartwood percentage. To observe variations in anatomical properties...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Pervez Manan
...ity to site, types of management systems, multipurpose nature and fast growth the Eucalyptus was introduced in Sub-Continent in late 18th century for the first time. Need for conducting this study was felt to dig out the facts about Eucalyptus plantations in Malakand District after a protest of few participants organized and brought by NGOs based at Peshawar and Islamabad with Play Cards in their hands against Eucalyptus trees planted in Billion Tr...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Raees Khan
...

Scientific forest management not only ensure sustainability of forests in terms of crop health, fulfillment of silvicultural requirements at different ages and stages of growth of valuable forest species but contribute to the national cause by equitable resource production adding to financial, social, economical and even law and order aspects of the society. The scientific man

Asad Abbas Khan1, Amina Batool2, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Ehtesham Asghar3, Abdul Ghafoor1 and Muhammad Arif1
...y is to reinstate the forage potential by increasing the efficacy of forage species in rangelands by employing various rehabilitation techniques such as reseeding etc. The present study was designed to assess the growth performance and biomass production of reseeded grasses in scrub rangelands of Kherimurat scrub forest of Barani Livestock Production Research Institute, during summer 2010 to spring 2011. Five grass species i...
Asad Abbas Khan1, Amina Batool2, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Ehtesham Asghar3, Abdul Ghafoor1 and Muhammad Arif1
...y is to reinstate the forage potential by increasing the efficacy of forage species in rangelands by employing various rehabilitation techniques such as reseeding etc. The present study was designed to assess the growth performance and biomass production of reseeded grasses in scrub rangelands of Kherimurat scrub forest of Barani Livestock Production Research Institute, during summer 2010 to spring 2011. Five grass species i...
Zahid Rauf, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi, Ghayyas Ahmad and Wahiba Iqbal
...or sustainable forest management and subsequent provision of woody raw material on sustainable basis to the wood based industries by the respective Forest Departments.139 various wood based industries i.e. Furniture, Sports, Chipboard, Medium Density Fiber board (MDF), Plywood and Match-manufacturing were surveyed and data was collected on a well-structured 15 point pro forma besides exploratory interviews with the experts and cottage<...
Mohsen Dehghani
...mic and ecological advantages services. The mangroves are sources of highly valued for developinga commercial products and fishery resources and also as sites burgeoning eco-tourism. Yet despite their ecological and economic importance, the rate and magnitude of mangrove conversion is relatively unknown. These forests can be considered as exceptional wetland ecosystems in southern coastal of Iran which are highly fertile and in terms of biodiversity are among ...
M. M. Rahaman, K. Akhter and R. Akhter
...per unit area and percentage of wood failure were determined. 1.05 N/mm2 pressure for the manufacture of ply wood was found to be the best. Particle board was manufactured from the chips of obtained from wasted veneer pieces using 10% UF resin glue (solid content) on the oven dried weight of the chip. The particleboards were tested for determining the strength and dimensional stability. The tensile strength passed the British and German standard sp...
Muhammad Farrukh Lateef1, Asad Abbas Khan2 and Muhammad Arif
...Khan to determine the Forage Biomass and carrying capacity in seeded and unseeded area to evaluate the current condition of the Rakh. Line transect method was applied and quadrat was used to collect the data. The study revealed that forage production was higher in summer season. The carrying capacity of the study area was higher in summer season, and carrying capacity was higher in reseeded range area than unseeded range are...
Tanvir Hussain, Zahid Rauf and G. M. Nasir
... resistant to biological agents however, the seasoning and preservation behaviour of the woods may be slow. Based on the results of strength properties the wood of Fraxinus xynthoxyloides and Alnus nitida can be used in making items where minimum forces and loads act on the wood. Quercus wood has very good machining, nailing, carving, routing properties and can be used in making agricultural implements and tool handles. Further, the wood o...
Bilal Ahmad1, Maqsood Anwar2 and Muhammad Sadiq Khan3
...e study in which the average numbers in each flock was 10-12. Majority of the respondents 22 (55%) replied that Chukar is present in abundance at Topdara, 28 (70%) replied that its population is decreasing due to habitat destruction and 20 (60%) replied that Jackal is its main ecological predator. Majority of the respondents i.e. 34 (85%) replied that to control illegal hunting and trapping of Chukar and 24 (60%) replied that Suitable Habitat for Chukar is roc...
Alam Zeb, Fawad Habib, Sajid and Tilawat Khan
...dher and Gujar Garhi villages. Owner category was found dominant in the above mentioned target villages in the parameters of productivity, formal education, planting experience, knowledge of silviculture of poplar and commercialistic nature of respondents. The Net Incomes (NIs) calculated per Avenue Kilometer of poplar plantation were (Rs.301838), (246622) and (Rs.164890) for Owners, Owner cum Tenants and Tenants respectivel...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...mended for scientific management of morels collection, drying and marketing include, education of the local community for conservation and management morels, old nor too young but healthy and mature morels should be harvested, drying and collection of morels species should be free from michorobial and insects infestation, during collection the plastic bags should be avoided and fresh healthy morels should be dried by using m...
Anwar Ali1, Saz Muhammad2, Zakir Hussain3, Khadim Abbas4 and Kiramat Husain5
...ventory in 2016. The average number of trees was estimated at 85 per ha showing very sparse nature of the forests. Kail is the single dominant species (85.26%) in the forests. In co-dominant species, Fir consists of 5.85%, Juniper 3.9% and Spruce 2.09% of the total trees sampled during the inventory. Birch is the only broad-leaved species recorded during the inventory with 2.89% trees. Diameter class distribution shows that the forest is overwhelmingly young a...
Inam Ullah, Zahid Ahmad, Syed Hasnain Abbas and Kaleem Shah
...find best sustainable management systems for Mazri (local name) Palm resource, a comparative study was conducted in the two-major Dwarf Palm growing areas i.e. Kohat Forest Division (Govt. controlled) and Paniala, Dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan) (Privately controlled), to elaborate the best sustainable management system for Mazri resource. In Kohat, Forest Department manages the Mazri Palm, ...
Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ismail2 and Kiramat Husain3
...ture (44%) development stages. On the other hand, 14% of the trees are mature and 3.64% are over-mature which together constitute 18%. The current total growing stock in the forest of Astore District is estimated at 7,165,012 m3 with an average of 327.60±31.81 m3/ha. The total timber in the forests of District Astore is estimated at 6,010,475 m3 with average...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
...d to select the five villages per division to collect the relevant data from 50 respondents, according to the pre tested structured questionnaire.

The average household size in the study area was 6 persons with 1-2 earning members per household. 60% were literate including 2% with religious education. The study revealed that 30% of the respondents have agriculture as a sole source of livelihood whereas 70% also hav...

Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Hakim Shah
...found to have 1- 2mm average annual ring width and 0.401-0.450gm/cm3 basic density of the wood. No specific trend of increase or decrease in basic density of wood with respect to growth rate was observed. The wood samples having lower growth rate had considerable variation in the value of basic density. Similarly the wood samples with higher growth rate were also found to have significant variation in the value of basic density of wood. Further, the...
Mubashir Jamil Khan1, Asad Abbas Khan2, Amir Saleem1, Lateef M. A.1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Mushtaq2, Abdul Ghaffoor2 Amna Btool1 and Arsalan Ali Khan1
...haracter which supply forage throughout spring and summer seasons of growth but are incapable to provide feed in fall and winter. These seasonal variations affect the livestock production. There is a dire need to be aware of the seasonal variations in the nutritive value of grasses in order to optimize their forage use. The research was conducted to determine the seasonal variation in nutritional value of five grass species ...
Rukhsana Kausar1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2 and Mian Muhammad Shafiq3
...rvices like watershed management, soil protection etc. and most of the Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) and Chir pine (Pinus roxberghii) lies in Himalayan foot hills. Murree is the most popular hill station lying in foot hills of Himalaya. It is the most popular picnic resort. But other land uses are always threat to remove forests and make commercial areas and housing societies. To prevent land use conflict and to convince planners and policy maker...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Khalid Hussain
...inst biological decaying agents as compared to that of grown in Quetta, Balochistan....
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
...year. These livestock damage the land cover and also damage the regeneration within the area.

Key Words: Degradation of Forest, Sherani District, Socioeconomic Factors.

...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Saqib
...was designed and the villages were selected which were located near the reserve forest. A sample of 60 persons were interviewed in detail.

The study revealed that the climate and topography of target area provides good habitat to pheasants, but impediments such as illegal hunting, poaching and human interference are the main causes for the decline in population. However declaration of some areas of the Kaghan valley as protected area (National park and...

Islam Ullah Shah, Anwar Ali, Ayaz Khan and Sultan Muhammad
...ing dominant specie. Average Density of all stands was calculated as 342.88 trees/ha with basal area 55.34144 m2/ha. The average volume of all stands was calculated as 132.324m3/ha. The distribution of Pinus gerardiana is satisfactory in almost all the stands however the distribution of associated species are poor. Due to poor distribution and gaps in small size middle and in large classes, Ju...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Hakim Shah1, Nowshad Khan2 and Mohd Zaki Hamzah3
...>...
A. S. M. Helal Siddiqui1, Abul Khair2, M. Masudur Rahman3 and S.M. Mosfeka Hasnin4
...20 m and the exploitable age 100 years. Now Passur is affected by heart rot problem. Actually heart rot is internal damaged condition locally known as "dhor". The fruit body, gall and cankers are developed on the different portion of the standing living trees. Thus it is characterized by the gradual death of the crown starting first with small twigs and then gradually larger branches die. To know the status of heart ...
Tanvir Hussain
...based on the mean percentage of weight loss of the wooden blocks. Results revealed that Sapindus mukorossi was most subjected to decay with a maximum average weight loss whereas the maximum natural resistance was found in Olea cuspidate. Among these hardwood species, Prosopis cineraria, Albizzia lebbek and Olea cuspidate were categorized in moderately durable class against this fungus while the re...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Saif-ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi & Saeed Akbar
...omestic goods of daily usage i.e. charpoy, stool, baskets, furniture etc. The use of cheep and easily available forest vegetation, based on indigenous knowledge, has reduced household expenses on one hand but has also put tremendous pressure on forest vegetation on the other hand. There is need to create awareness on sustainable forest resource management and also provide job opportunities and other alternate facilities whic...
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry1, Ashar Farooq2 and Ghulam Muhammad3
...up to 1.38 times the average height of tree row on northern aspect; 0.72 times the average height of tree rows on southern aspect; 1.28 times the average height of tree row on eastern aspect and 1.22 times the average height of tree row on western aspect, respectively. Tree rows with close spacing and large crowns produced more adverse effect. Adverse ef...
Mazhar Iqbal1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh3
...cept was Joint Forest Management has been implemented as a result of inspiration from the neighbouring countries. This was an effort to replace the hierarchical governance with co-governance with the objective to conserve and protect the forest resource. However, despite of the fact that its main purpose was to improve the forest, the resource depletion has been at constant rise. One of the reasons is the poor forest governance. This study was carried out to a...
Zahid Rauf and Syed Jawad Raza
...ively high value of cleavage made it better for carving and cutting works. A comparison of physico-mechanical properties of Chinar (Platanus orientalis) wood with that of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) wood properties also showed that the wood could be used as a substitute for Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) wood for manufacturing of medium strength requiring furniture articles, cabinet work, etc. Moreover, results of the pulping characteristics sh...
Madiha Batool, Tariq Khan, Mazhar Iqbal and Anwar Ali
... Pakistan. The already meager forest resource is under severe anthropogenic pressure and is vanishing rapidly. Lack of alternative to fuel wood is one of the major underlying causes of the forest depletion. Many efforts have been made to reduce the pressure on natural forests by introducing new technologies such as Solar Water Heaters. Solar Water Heaters have been introduced in Galiat valley to reduce pressure on natural forest resource for fuel wood. This st...
Sarfraz Hasan Dogar and Ashar Farooq
...010 for comparison of forage production & carrying capacity in seeded & unseeded range areas. Reseeding was done during 2009-2010. Data were collected by laying out eight transect lines each 30 meters long, four each in seeded and unseeded areas. Forty quadrats (1x1m) i.e. 20 in seeded area and 20 in unseeded area were studied for forage yield determination. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. Results revealed tha...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species....
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Maqbool Hassan
...rview the sustainable management of Mazri in District Kech of Makran region in Balochistan province. Topography of the district is mountainous in its characters and lies between two important mountain ranges i.e. Makran coast range and Central Makran range. The objective of the study was to asses the present status and practices, market mechanism, dependence and perception of household engaged in Mazri products manufacturers...
Hakim Shah1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad1 Muhammad Afrasiyab2 and Javed Iqba3
.../p>...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening to reduces stress heat. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Khalid Hussain Solangi
...aller in diameter and engaged minimum volume of the wood. The wood rays were medium in frequency, a bit larger in size and occupied almost one third wood volume as fibers. The axial parenchyma was abundant and also occupied approximately one third volume of the wood. Over all, the parenchymatous cells occupied highest volume of the wood for the reason it may be non-durable and require preservative treatment when used as solid wood. However, preservation and se...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...is situation warrants management of water resources of the country, specially the watershed of river Indus. The territory of almost entire area of Pakistan constitute watershed of river Indus. The flow of Indus is trans-country and runs throughout its length of more than 1700km from northern high peaks to Arabian Sea in the south. This provides maximum opportunity for irrigating the plains situated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Balochistan and Sindh while flo...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Abid Hussain
...n, 16.6% reported for forage, fodder and minor timber production and 16.6% respondents reported for timber (packing and casing wood industry). According to ecological requirement of Babul, respondents and personal experience confirmed that Babul can survive with occasional irrigation in water poor areas, less supervision and management practices. It increases the soil fertility and rehabilitates the land for raising agricult...
Ashar Farooq and Mubashir Hassan
... species composition, forage production and carrying capacity of the area to evaluate the current condition of the rangeland. Systematic sampling with random start procedure was adopted to collect the data. The study revealed that species composition of Cenchrus ciliaris was maximum (42.08%) followed by Eleusine flagellifera (27.41%) and Elionurus hirsutus (16.22%) respectively on the basis of cover perc...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Saqib
...was designed and the villages were selected which were located near the reserve forest. Samples of 60 persons were detailed interviewed.

The study revealed that the climate and topography of target area provides good habitat to pheasants, but impediments such as illegal hinting, poaching and human interference are the main causes for the decline in population. However after declaring some areas of the Kaghan valley as National park and wildlife sanct...

Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Sohail Sikander and Shabbir Mughal
...ghest germination percentage....
Anwar Ali, Ayaz Khan and Hakim Shah
...from international donor agencies. However, the adoption of agroforestry practices are slow in the province due to several reasons. Farmers' attitude and perception, small landholdings, land tenure system, limited marketing opportunities and shortage of planting material are the main reasons for slow adoption of agroforestry practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. There is an urgent need to promote agroforestry in the province ...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...peration amongst various agencies such as Forest Department, farmers, traders and pharmaceutical firms interested in the utilization of these medicinal plants of pharmacopoeial importance and to initiate regeneration work in Leepa valley, Azad Kashmir. For this purpose, in-situ conservation area and gene bank must be established of higher elevation medicinal plants like Saussurea lappa, Podophyllum emodi, Atropa acuminata, Rheum emodi, Angelica glauca, Adia...
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi and Sanam Zarif Satti
...te of collection and storage time. Concentration of Vitamin C was found in the range of 2000-2500 mg/100g. Rosehips possessed fruit weight (4.3 to 6.2gm), seed weight (2.3 to 3.3gm), pulp weight (2.0 to 2.8gm), pulp seed ratio (0.66 to 0.86), average length (10.14 to 15.33mm) and average diameter (8.5 to 10.25mm). Vitamin C concentration increased from October to November followed by grad...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...eparing future forest management plan....
Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Ayaz Khan and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah
...le in adopting proper management practices and establishing more plantations by involvement of the communities in the forestry activities joint management of the government and communal forest lands. Communities have realised that the development of forestry sector in Chitral is catalysed by extension agents. All the segments of the society expressed their interest in cooperation with the ...

Ibrahim Ali1,2, Hanan Mohamed Fathy Abdien1*, Wael Kamel Elfeil1, Mohsen Mohamed Zaky ElDemerdash1, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen2,3, Walid Hamdy Kilany2,3

...twice at day 7 and 21 of age. Meanwhile, G5 treated with (H5N8+ISA70) received the primary vaccination dose intramuscularly only on day 7 of age. Group G6 served as a positive control (untreated and challenged), and G7 served as a negative control (untreated and unchallenged). Chickens were challenged at day 35 of age with 106 EID50 of widely circulating H5N8 strain in Egypt to evaluate va...

Muhammad Farooq* and Sanam Zarif

... trade, necessitating management and control. This review study examines the numerous facets of invasive species in Pakistan, illuminating their effects, methods of management, and related difficulties. The necessity to supply the demand for fuel wood, lumber, and animal feed has historically led to the introduction of exotic species into Pakistan. Even while invasive species are not as severe in Pakistan as they are in some...

Suravi Akter, Md. Bipul Mondal and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

...he active disease state, aged between 1.5 to 3.5 years were undergone clinicopathological examination. Blood samples were also collected from those cattle for biochemical analysis. All the ten cattle were affected with temporary lameness (100%). The vesicular lesions in the inter-digital space were present in 80% of cattle. Maggot infestation and mouth-tongue lesions were found in five cattle (50%). The biochemical parameters were altered in the cattle having ...

Saima Naz1*, Moazama Batool2*, Qurat Ul Ain2, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha3, Sheeza Bano2, Sadia Nazir4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Unab Zahra1

...erythrocytes, and DNA damage in fish brain after exposure to Malathion at environmentally relevant concentrations. The research aimed to assess the potential toxicity of Malathion on fish health, utilizing histological examinations and genetic toxicity assessments through micronuclei and Comet assays. Freshwater fish were exposed to Malathion for 18 days under constant pH, temperature and hardness conditions. The study involved sacrificing fish on the 6th, 12t...

Muhammad Ramzan Ali1*, Hasina Basharat2, Aziz Ahmed1, Mubeen Fakhar1 and Shamim Akhter2

...ight. The highest percentage of fertilization and hatchability rate was found as 88.74±4.23 and 80.76±3.42, respectively. Which were recorded in females having body weight between 800-900g, respectively. The lowest percentage of fertilization and hatchability rate was 65.23±3.26 and 45.11±2.76 recorded in females having body weight of 1200-1800g, respectively. It was concluded that African catfish...

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan* and Abdur Rab

...ity of fruits during storage. Plum fruit exhibits climacteric behavior and its quality characteristics depending on the harvest stage. The present research study entitles “Influence of zinc on pre and postharvest quality of plum” was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm and postharvest laboratory Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Plum fruits are perishable and cannot be stored...

Nesreen Ahmed Nasser1, Anas H. Sadek2, Bayadir Abdulhussein Mahmeed3, Osama Akram Mohsein4* 

...tistical significance in age or body mass index. The results also showed an increase in blood sugar, leptin, PSA, cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, urea, and creatinine in the patient group compared to the control group. Conclusions; The increase in all biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer suggests the importance of intensifying studies on this type of cancer because of its future risks. 

...

Truong Thanh Trung1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Tran Long Hai1

...te x local), with an average weight of 2.59 ± 0.14 kg, were completely randomized design consisted of five treatments and six replications, with one buck rabbit as an experimental unit. The five experimental treatments were diets containing 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 22% crude protein corresponding CP14, CP16, CP18, CP20 and CP22 treatment, respectively. Feedstuffs used in the experiment included fermented soya waste, soybean extraction meal, Operculina tu...

Khalil1*, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Montesqrit2, Andri3

...t degradation during storage due to insufficient drying and sterilization. Calcined bivalve shell had antimicrobial effects and was potentially used as a preservative ingredient to improve fishmeal’s shelf life and nutritional value. The present research aimed to study the beneficial effect of calcined mussel meal (CMM) as a preservative agent to improve fishmeal’s storage stab...

Roy Sukbir Singh1, Jekson Martiar Siahaan2,3*, Endy Juli Anto4, Syafruddin Ilyas5, Putri Eyanoer6, Hendrika Andriani7,8

...c, and anti-inflammatory agent.
 
Keywords | Aloe vera, Anti-inflammatory, Lipid, In Vivo, In Silico
...
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
... participatory forest management became popular to manage forest resources in a sustainable manner. Thus the government of NWFP started pilot testing of the concept through donor assisted projects in the designated forests of Hazara. The concept of JFM (Joint Forest Management) is based on mutual trust and defines roles and responsibilities for the manage
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
... exist in general in average values of different anatomical features in Masquite wood grown in both areas. In Masquite wood grown in Punjab, the fibers are fairly longer and thick-walled, the wood rays are smaller in size and lower in frequency and the vessels are larger in diameter. The wood may be relatively better in strength, less non-durable and easier to season and preserve than that of grown in Sindh. ...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
... different levels of linkage among accessions. There were two main clusters and each cluster was divided into subgroups. The linkages among accessions were independent of their geographical origins and sprouting behaviour. Heritability combined with genetic advance showed both additive gene action and intra- and inter allelic interactions in the expressions of the traits. Based on these findings, it is recommended that for i...
Tanveer Haider, Aurangzeb Ashraf, Ambar Masud
...remained unidentified forage productivity remained 1160 kg/ha, animal units was almost .03. Pressures and threats to park and particular compartment are directly and indirectly increasing day by day. Major pressures are increasing human population, overgrazing by animals, environmental pollution, like water contamination and forest fires. A thing of concern was the identification of a fast depletion of indicator species Dodonea viscosa. Forest fires occ...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...onservation/watershed management was first realized in the sub-continent at the start of the 19th century but the systematic work on this started in 1954 under Erosion control and soil conservation project in NWFP. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held at Rio-de-Janerio, Brazil in June, 1992 approved a new kind of development that is human-sustainable and shared, emphasizing the involvement of the local community at a...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Hussain Bux Bhaagat
...ds are formed by the seepages from Jamrow and Nara canal. A general survey of the area was conducted in the month of January 2006 and direct (field observation) and indirect (meeting with communities and wildlife staff) observation methods were used.

These lakes support a good population of waterfowls, Marsh crocodiles, otters and fish stock. About 1% of global population of globally threatened duck specie i.e. Marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustis...

GPS Dhillon, Avtar Singh and DS Sidhu
...ee at 2, 3, 5 and 7-year age were analyzed and genetic parameters were worked out. Significant differences among clones were noticed for all growth traits at all ages. Clones S7C8, 113324, L-188/84, L-313/85, L-51/84, L-71/84, 154/84, 110702 and 64-243-1 were promising clones at 7-year age with volume per tree ranging from 0.242 to 0.320 m3. The phenotypic...
Enefiok S. Udo1, Opeyemi Olajide1 and Eyo A. Udoh2
...neration, Sustainable Management, Ukpom Community.

...
Babar Khan1, Muhammad Zafar Khan2 and Garee Khan2
...ts in Bunji, a small village in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. On average, land fragmentation has resulted into a loss of 1.3 ha per capita during the past fifteen years. However, compared to farm land (46%) only 7% loss in land under farm forestry was observed. A remarkable change had occurred in land use patterns. Land under crop production has decreased on an average rate of 2.3% year...
M. Nafees and Zahid Ullah
...ponding legislative coverage.

Key words: Social codes of conduct, communal land, reforestation, livelihood opportunity

...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...nable forest resource management may be resumed to keep the forest ecosystems viable and their socio-economic services intact.

Key words: llegal logging, multiple uses, biodiversity, environment, livelihoods, sustainable forest management.

...
Naveed Ahmed
... causes and extent of damage of blue pine forest. The result revealed that the top dried shoots and twigs of trees were infested by two bark beetles, Ips longifolia and Scolytus major belonging to the family Scolytidae, order Coleoptera. Feeding on the cambium of the tender branches, the pest infested blue pine in a range of 5-8% in Municiple Forest Division, 2-5% in Lower Topa and 3-7% in Sehrbagla Sub Divisions. Long droughts and warm winter followed ...
Ashar Farooq, Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Ghulam Muhammad
...up to 1.64 times the average height of tree row on northern aspect; 1.51 times the average height of tree row on southern aspect; 1.58 times the average height of tree rows on eastern aspect and 1.51 times the average height of tree row on western aspect, respectively. Severe adverse effect of Eucalyptus on cotton crop can be attributed to the fact that ...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal, Asif Raza Wazir and Ch. Muhammad Muslim
...Forest Department may manage the area with community participation to conserve the forest and enhance biodiversity. ...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
...sts. Among the eight villages in the total of two sub-divisions, fifty households were selected randomly; 6-7 from each village. The results indicated that average household size was seven persons per household having 68% of them one earning member and 70% were directly employed in fishery sector. 80% respondents had their own livestock and agriculture land. Avuaennia marina is most...
Waqar Ahmad, Zahid Ali, Muhammad Rafique and Tariq Mahmood
...eck during nursery stage, in research nursery of Punjab Forestry Research Institute, Faisalabad. Albizia lebbeck is a deciduous light demander tree which needs no shade at nursery stage. Diameter at root collar (DRC) and height was in-significant under partial shade and no shade treatments during the course of study. Fresh and dry weight of plant was adversely affected by partial shade. Similarly the root-shoot ra...
Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...lope has the maximum average infiltration rate of 10.76 cm/hr, followed by medium slope 9.098 cm/hr and the lowest in gentle slope 6.63 cm/hr. The average soil bulk density of steep and gentle slope was same 2.11 gm/cm3 while it was higher for medium slope 2.19 gm/ cm3..The results of average soil moisture content were higher on steep slope 21.52% followed by medium 1...
N. R. Wani1, A. H. Mughal2 and M. A. Khan3
.../i> recorded maximum average diameter, average height and basal area whereas the minimum average diameter, average height and basal area were recorded in Cedrus deodara. The soil analysis of the afforested site and the adjoining barren land revealed that soil reaction was approximately neutral in case of vegetation area but was mildly alkaline in ...
Amjad Ali Ch., Javaid Ahsan, Tariq Mehmood, Shahzad Fazal, Punjab Forestry Research Institute, Faisalabad and Nowsherwan Zarif
... More than 52 percent forage requirements of livestock of all respondents remained unmet after grazing. Grazing problems faced by the majority of graziers were low carrying capacity of Rakhs, lack of drinking water and protection measures forced by the Forest Department. The major constraints regarding range development efforts were lack of funds, and interest of range personnel working in the field. Other constraints were half hearted implementation of existi...
Muhammad Afzal and A. Razzaq
...sham trees were badly damaged by the dieback. The soil samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical and nutritional properties. The objective was to find out, if any of the unfavourable soil properties or nutritional deficiencies had been the cause of the dieback. About 3 % of the samples were found to be too sandy to retain and supply water to trees over a longer period of time and 60 % samples were too clayey to permit free movement of air and water. Abo...
Malik Mahboob ur Rehman1, Muhammad Rafiq2, Amjad Ali Ch.3, Tariq Mahmood4, Javaid Ahsan5 and Shahzad Fazal6
...r, 2007 to assess the forage production of treated (reseeded) and untreated areas which was partially reseeded in 1999-2000 under PFSDP. Cenchrus ciliaris (Dhaman) was the principal grass species (85%) in treated areas while Eleucine flagellifera (Chimber) (38.72%) in untreated areas. General grass coverage on the average was 9.7% and 36.75...
Iqbal Mahmood, Gul Rukh and Tanvir Hussain
...gential and radial shrinkage and aptness for framework and similar articles where the dimensional stability is of high importance. It is also recommended for a number of uses due to its better strength figures....
Muhammad Afzal, Amjad Ali Ch., Javaid Ahsan, Shahzad Fazal and Saima Tabassum
...85%). General grass coverage on average was 57.01% and 30.27% in protected and open pastures respectively. Dry matter yield of protected pastures was 1316 kg/ha while it was only 388 kg/ha from open pastures. Carrying capacity based on herbage biomass for protected and open pastures was found to be 0.40 and 0.12 AU/ha/yr respectively. ...
Amjad Ali Ch., Tariq Mahmood, Shahzad Fazal and Nowsherwan Zarif
...oisture. Four clipping stages i.e. CS1, CS2, CS3 and CS4 (clipped after 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, respectively) were studied. Response variables were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL).With increasing clipping stage, concentration of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and ADL increased in all plant parts whereas CP contents declined wi...
Ghayyas Ahmad, Mian Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Mahr Muhammad Asif
... better protected and managed in contrast to the Guzara forests which suffer from problems related to management issues and local rights in the forest.

...
Sarfraz Ahmad, Sarwat N. Mirza and Muhammad Islam
...igher germination percentage in drill seeding. Apparently, no differences were observed for seedling survival and seedling establishment between drill and broadcast methods. The seedlings of S.vermiculata were able to survive and attain some growth under extreme drought conditions and withstand minimum temperature of -11oC. The initial trial on emergence and survival indicates that S. vermiculata possesses characteristics of drought an...
A. W. Jasra and I. Ahmad
...hold economy. Water shortage has emerged as major problem for this community due to prolonged drought conditions and excessive mining of ground water for agriculture. The highest concern of transhumant community is the scarcity of forage and fuel wood at the winter stations. Animal health, prolonged droughts and feed shortage on migratory routes were the major problems of nomadic community...
Ferit Turanli
... Izmir provinces and villages where the production is extensively made and were kept in dark room with 25±3oC and 60-80% relative humidity. The infestation levels of each fig samples in relation to pest emerging were measured periodically.

According to the findings; fig moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and dried fruit bee...

Asad Ullah, Abdur Rashid and Sher Aman
...y bee flora, 3(15%) Beverage, 1(5%) Bark used for writing, 1(5%) Bark used for huts/rooms, 1(5%) wool dye. Being a far flung area, the locals totally depend upon the Plant Natural Resources (PNR) for their livelihood. Biotic pressure and unsustainable utilization have caused tremendous loss to the biodiversity of the area. There is a need for the proper management and conservation, for which awareness campaign and alternativ...
Ajiboye, A. A.1, Ebofin, A. O.1, M. O. Atayese,2, M. O. Adedire3, D. A. Agboola1 and M. Kadiri1
... aim of improving percentage germination in the seeds of these species. Some standard methods of releasing seed dormancy were used. Percentage germination range in fresh seeds of P. africana and D. guineensis was 0-10%. The seeds of the two tree species exhibit physical dormancy due to hard seed coat. Dormancy in P. africana and D. guineensis was terminated by soaking of seeds in 90% concentra...
Ashaer Farooq, Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Ghulam Muhammad
... upto 1.63 times the average height of the tree row on northern aspect; 0.67 times on southern aspect; 1.12 to 1.63 times on eastern aspect and 1.47 times on western aspect respectively.

Tree rows with close spacing produced more adverse effect than those planted at wider spacing. Adverse effect of shade caused by the tree rows can be minimized with proper spacing and pruning of trees. Yield losses can also be compensated from the sale of marketable ...

Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhter and Masood Amjad
...hisham having 15-20 year age and 35-40 cm diameter from different places of district Faisalabad. These cuttings were collected during January-February. The length of cuttings was kept uniform as 23 cm with a thickness of 10 mm. The cuttings were treated with bleach with 1:4 ratio for half hour to disinfect them from any pest/pathogen infestation. Auxins used were Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and other comme...
G. R. Keerio
...eneration process. Other agencies involved in afforestation will also be benefited.

...
Nasar Iqbal and Naveed Anwar Virk
...t of fruit drop at pea stage. The varieties regarding fruit set by selfing portrayed a sequence of V4, V6, V3, V5, V2, and V1 in descending order giving 2.25, 2.05, 0.60, 0.50, 0.37 and 0.22 %, respectively. Pollen viability by staining with acetocarmine showed that V6 had the highest number of viable pollens followed by V4 with 95 and 91.30 percent. Similarly pollen viability with iodine gave almost the identical results as that of acetocarmine. Pollen viabil...
Kabir Dihider Shahriar, Mahmood Hossain and Ripon Kumar Debnath
... households of eight villages of four Thanas in four different agro-ecological zones in Bangladesh. Among the eight villages 37,674, trees were counted including 98 species of 33 families. The family Leguminosae dominated with 17 species followed by Moraceae 7, Palmaceae 6, Myrtaceae 6, Rutaceae 5, Meliaceae 4, Anonaceae 3 and rest are in other families. According to the size of household, large farmers have the highest numb...
Sardar M. Rafique and Muhammad Akbar
...h resolution satellite imagery and GPS is recommended. In addition, it is also suggested that canopy density be considered for accurate assessment of the forest area.

Key words: Mangrove forests, Landsat TM, Indus Delta, Monitoring

...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
.... However, there is shortage of feed amounting to 2508 DM, 231.4 CP and 1115.7 TDN thousand tones. This deficiency in food results in low production per unit area and/or per livestock head. To tap maximum economic return and sustainable livestock production range improvement activities like application of fertilizer, conversion of vegetation, exclosure, grazing management, introduction of nutritious and high yielding fodder ...
Anwar Ali and Hakim Shah
... the local people and managed by the forest department. Reserved forests comprising 332 ha are owned and managed by the Forest department. The deeply dissected land tenure system and the ongoing conflicts between the government and forest users have led to the drastic degradation of the resources. Though forest legislation limits the rights of local people in the forests but still majority (72%) of them have access to forest...
Muhammad Afzal1, S. M. Hafeez2 and Aqeela M. Akhter3
...came to be 60% on an average of the Local Volume Table figure. But the total volume of the same tree with the Cylindrical formula came to be 71% of the Local Volume Table figure. Along the same distributary, total volume including timber and small wood of a kikar tree with the Quarter Girth formula came to be 45% on an average of the Local Volume Table figure while this volume came to be 58% of the Local Volume Table figure ...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary, Muhammad Akbar and Muhammad Ajmal Khan
...> ...
Amjad Ali Chaudhry, Chaudhry Muhammad Muslim and Muhammad Mushtaque
...ber, 2000. Eleusine flagellifera was the key grass species. 26.37% and 16 88% ground was covered by grasses/herbs and shrubs, respectively while 56.75% was uncovered. Carrying capacity was found to be 1.003 AU/ha/yr and shrubs were the major contributors of forage. The Rakh presented miserable condition of grasses and it is strongly recommended that rotational system to be followed which promotes for...
Muhammad Afzal1, Sahibzada M. Hafeez2 and Aqeela Mobeen Akhter3
...hich besides other advantages gives more accurate result i.e. the result nearer to the actual one. Forest Department, at Changa Manga plantation has an economic benefit on sale of Shisham timber by giving 2.54 cm bark allowance per foot girth'instead of selling it on under bark volume basis. Moreover, results revealed better quality timber production at Changa Manga as compared to Chichawatni plantation. Keywords: Formula, volume measurement, shisham logs. ...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...CD was observed with the age of larva however, AD showed negative relationship with age. Overall maximum (2014.13 g larva-1) and minimum (1547.75 g larva-1) larval body weight gain was displayed by 206-MKD and 207-PO, respectively. During penultimate larval stage there was non-significant difference between spring and autumn season. On the other hand at high temperatu...
Kiramat Khan1, Tahir Sajjad2, Nasrullah Jan Malik2, Hassan Sher3, Farrukh Hussain4 and Muhammad Iqbal1
...est mean survival percentage of 80.7 across location -was observed for V. serpense followed by 58.7 % for C. sativa. All the remaining four species exhibited very poor survival percentage. Except for V. serpense which revealed a decrease in sprouting percentage with increase in altitude, all other species indicated a positive relationship with altitude. More or less an...
Nasreen Fatimah Rao, Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
... variable and leaf area, age and space were used as independent variables. In this regard, data were collected from 2 and 7 years old compact plantations, 3 years intercropping plantation and 8 years linear plantations It was found that simple regression equations showed better predictability in terms of F-value and R-square estimates. The highest correlation between girth and leaf area was estimated at the age of two years ...
Muhammad Umar Farooq
...realizing sustainable forage yields, have been discussed in the article....
Muhamamd Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
...er or at periphery of damaged central part. Small out growths directed from heart wood into sapwood were noted in first 3 cross sections of first 3 consecutive logs.

Presence of i) white or black fungal material both on stem and root ii) exudation either of black or red blood colour iii) dry patches in stem/root and drying of roots and iv) white powdery streak in cross sections are leading to the conclusion that there have been the possibility of some ...

Klaus Euler and Zulfiqar Ali Qazi
...es. If somehow, this message is made clear to the local people, a possibility exists that they might opt for better animal husbandry practices, than to go for timber....
Muhammad Afzal and Aqeela Mobeen Akhter
...plantation with second stage poplar nursery gave net return of Rs.13098/ha. While, poplar plantation raised without nursery proved to be uneconomical with net loss of Rs.10881/ha As far as the growth is concerned, poplar plantation raised with nursery gave more than 6 times higher volume than the pure plantation. Moreover, the land spared after intermixing poplar plantation with poplar nursery can be used for raising any other crop(s)....
Altaf Hussain and Raja Muhammad Zarif
...ing varying degree of damage to biodivesity and valuable natural and agricultural systems upon which human beings depend. Direct and indirect health effects are increasingly serious and the damage done is often irreversible The effects are exacerbated by global changes and chemical and physical disturbances to species and ecosystem Alien tree species have long been introduced for commercial forestry, agroforestry, erosion co...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq
...wl survey of Chashma Barrage, Tarbela Reservoir and Thanadar Wala was conducted during 24th January to 6th February, 2002 to determine the status of migratory waterfowls visiting these wetlands. Direct sighting and counting of birds technique was adapted from dawn to dusk to assess the status of waterfowls. In areas adjoining the Chashma Barrage and Tarbela Reservoir the agriculture practices and cattle grazing were moderate...
Shams-ur-Rehman, Altaf Hussain and Riaz A. Khattak
...s among masses and mismanagement seem to be the key reasons in several developing countries leading to little or no progress in this direction Involving local communities in reforestation and selection of suitable species in combating salinity seem to be one of the economically viable approaches to reduce poverty as several million ha. area has been severely hit by this menace in many countries of South Asia. The paper describes the screening/selection of spec...
Mohammad Ayaz
...s. Forest fires cause damage to the ground cover, young regeneration and standing trees, as well as, tremendous damage to the biodiversity and habitat. The frequency and intensity of these fires may be different in forest areas due to nature of terrain, climate, presence of dry undergrowth and nature of forest vegetation. However, no quantitative data on the occurrence and extent of forest fires in the country are available....
S. M. Rafique
...rid rangelands, their management constraints and scope of range vegetation evaluation. The results of a case study on Lachi rangelands indicated that the area was rich in plant bio-diversity and there were 36 plant species. Out of it 18 were grass/grazing species, 2 forb species, 10 shrub species and 6 tree species. The bio-mass production was 752 kg (AD)/ha which was quite low. The study further indicated that range condition was poor to fair and the range tr...
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
...ro: Forest Policy and Management is based on legal classification system that categories the forest according to their tenure. Forests in Pakistan can be divided into two major tenure categories: State owned and privately owned forests. The Table 1 and 2 explain landuse profiles of the Pakistan and NWFP respectively....
M. Saqib, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mir Ajab Khan and R. M. Zarif
...of randomly selected villages. Data from sample households were collected with the help of structured and pretested questionnaire. In all 90 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed. Analysis revealed that fuelwood was the major source of household energy in the area. About 83% of the household use fuelwood as well as other cheaper fuels. Only 17% were found using efficient commercial fuels (LPG, Kerosine etc.) to meet their energy needs. The data sh...
M. K. Hossain, B. M. Khan and B. Koirala
...rs following wet pit storage for 12 days (T1) respectively. Significantly lowest germination (18.67%) was obtained for the control treatment (TO). Highest germination value (4 52) and germination energy (47.33) was also obtained for T5 treatment. Similarly, the seedling height, root length, collar diameter and leaf number followed the same trend of higher value of T5 and T4 treatments respectively following T1 treatments. Similar trends were also found in shoo...
Mohammad Ayaz
...le and recent water shortage. With this prospective, the validity of these accusations is very essential before making any decision to use or not to use this species for planting on different sites. It is feared that in our biased attitude towards Eucalyptus, may not we forget or lose a tree species of un-paralleled advantages for the land and people of Pakistan.

Furthermore, the drought and associated water s...

Altaf Hussain and Shams-ur-Rehman
...A treatment. Maximum average rooting was observed in October (78.0%). The untreated cuttings showed lowest rooting percentage of 15.4 and 28.6 in March and July seasons respectively Interestingly more than 70% rooting was obtained in October without any hormone treatment. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences for rooting between treatments (F = 9.3) and seasons (F = 18.2). The observations on aver
J. O. Adegbehin
...e classes at a reference age of 20 years; viz: I (24.9m); II (22.5m); III (20.1m); IV (17.7m) and V (15.3m). The growth figures derived from the yield classes resulting from the five site index classes revealed that the maximum current annual increment (MCAI) was attained between the ages of 9.3 - 13.7 years with a total volume production (TVP) of between 88 - 208 m3/ha (volume over-bark to 7.5 cm diameter top). T...
Edited by Mia Soderlund & Alan Pottinger, March 2001
...s towards sustainable management. Edited by Mia Soderlund & Alan Pottinger, March 2001, Commonwealth Forestry Association....
Editor
...ion of all the concerned agencies and stakeholders, to realize the sustainable development of the resources. It is an umbrella policy providing guidelines to the Federal Government, Provincial Governments and territories for the management of their RNR. In consonance with it the Provincial and District Governments may devise their own policies in accordance with their circumstances....
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Umeed Khalid
...pest inflecting heavy damage to wheat and millet crop. In order to confirm this general survey of Agricultural fields around Pakistan Forest Institute, Agriculture University, Peshawar and village Serdheri (Charsadda) was conducted in the month of April-May 1998. 1x1 m3 quadrate sample was taken after every 10 m length and 2 m inside the plots with plots without trees, plot having trees on one side, trees in the w...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
... was collected by wood image weighing method for the percentage of wood volume occupied by fibers, vessels, longitudinal parenchyma and wood rays in each species. Results showed that in Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Fraxinus excelsior. Albizzia lebbek, A. procera, Mangifera indica, Alnus nitida, Juglans regia, Populus euphratica. Quercus incana, Platanus orientalis, Acer caesium and Cedrela toona, major po...
Abdul Qayyum Khan, Bashir Ahmad Wani, Hakim Shah and S. Irfanullah
...tive purposes (rural cottage industry, agriculture). Questionnaire, interview and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to carry out this survey. According to the survey results, firewood emerged as the largest source of energy used for cooking and heating. The consumption of firewood was 2.35 maunds/household/week. Annually each person consumes 1.13 tons of firewood for cooking and heating. Among the other sources of energy, kerosene oil and nat...
Syed Zainul Arifeen
... century of Watershed Management and research activities. Pakistan has been facing with energy crises for the last two decades. Hydroelectricity is the main source of cheap energy in the country. However, due to alarming rate of degradation of the mountainous watersheds and sedimentation in the reservoirs, their capacity for water storage and electricity generation is decreasing rapidly. Keeping in view this critical situati...
Ghulam Akbar
...te decision making in management of range resource has been under discussion for the last decade. Ecologists in various parts of the world have questioned the validity of earlier method of assessing range condition particularly the Ciementsian model based on plant succession and climax (Friedel, 1991, Laurenroth & Laycock, 1989). New thoughts are provoked on the way of this discussion and new ideas and approaches are emerging. The necessity of new ecological m...
Hanif Gul and Mirza Hakim Khan
...and branches, causing damage to conducting tissue by complete strangulation. Since the insect damage was mainly due to stress caused by drought and was also below the economic limit, therefore no conventional control measure were feasible, rather than to wait for improvement in the moisture conditions in coming monsoons and winters. Moisture availability in this way will reduce the stress and reset the health and vigor of th...
Raza-ul-Haq and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
...it was only 70%. The average highest survival percentage of three water conservation techniques was in E. camaldulensis (92%) and minimum with Acacia modesta (57%). The average height growth after 8 years of age of four tree species in contour trenches, micro-catchment, gradoni and simple pit was 4.74 m, 5.45 m, 5.30 m and 3.89 m respective...
Ghayyas Ahmad
...ntified from satellite image and then visited on the ground to collect locational, environmental, and biological data. Field data collection was done through Line transect sampling design. Image classification was performed by using the Supervised and Knowledge-based classification methods. Patch size of the remaining semi-natural forests was selected as the most important criterion for the identification of priority areas. ...
J.O. Adegbehin and J.E. Onyibe
...e classes at a reference age of 20 years; viz: I (25.8m); II (23.2m); III (20.5m) IV (17.8m) and V (15.2m). The growth figures derived from the yield classes resulting from the five site index classes revealed that the maximum current annual increment (MCAI) was attained between the ages of 9 7 - 11.3 years with a total volume production (TVP) of between 75 - 263 m /ha (volume over-bark to 7 5cm diameter top) The maximum me...
Muhammad Naqash, Anwar Ali, Ahmad Hussain, Mamoona Wali Muhammad, Ahmad Zamir, Ikram Ul Haq
...r hectare, while the average number of plants regenerated per hectare is estimated to be 136, some of which were coming out of natural regeneration besides plantations. The average survival rate was 92.36% in Mingora and Matta Forest Subdivisions and Kabal and Fatehpur Ranges. In Mingora and Matta Subdivisions the survival rate was 92.08% and 94.65% while in Kabal and Fatehpur the survival rate was 89.20 and 93.50 %. Majori...
Anwar Ali, Kamran Khan, Ayaz Khan Marwat, Sajid Aman and Irfan Ullah
... Maximum survival percentage (75%) was recorded for Acacia catechu followed by Zizyphus mauritiana (74%) and the lowest survival percentage (62%) was recorded for each Acacia ampliceps and Acacia victoriae in the final year 2020. The mean values of survival among the different species were not significantly different from each other....
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Kamran Khan, Anwar Ali, Sajid Aman and Irfan Ullah
... Maximum survival percentage (100%) were recorded for Acacia nilotica and Zizyphus mauritiana whereas the lowest survival percentage (19%) was recorded for Casuarina equisetifolia in the final year 2020. The mean values of survival among the different species were not significantly different from each other....
Siraj-ud-Din and Abdul Waheed Baloch
... was 33%.
The average height growth of Atriplex canisence under trenches, earthen bunds, micro-catchments and eyebrow plant pits was 1.412m, 1.350m, 1.346m. and 1.344m. respectively while in simple pit planting it was 1.270m.
At Mastung for sand dune stabilization trenches and simple pits were compared with surface planting on the following species Tamarix gallaca, Calligonum spp., Saccharum spp. and Arundo donax. The survival of species at Mastu...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...essful in sustainable management of the forests due to anthropogenic factors such as illegal logging, grazing and clearance of forestland for agriculture. The management of moist temperate forests has always been a challenging job for forest managers due to conflicting interests of different stakeholders and the crucial location of these forests. These forests are man...
Anwar Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Khan and Ayaz Khan Marwat
...e forest ecosystems. Average organic soil carbon was estimated at 31.95/t. There is a potential of carbon sequestration upto 20 tCO2/ha/year in this highly fertile landscape. This can be achieved with sustainable forest management practices and effective policy measures. The study recommends to initiate reforestation programs on urgent basis and stop open grazing and illicit cutting for the rehabilitation of these valuable f...
M. Muhammad Rafi
...tend scientific range management to other areas. The results of range improvement studies have been indicated. Complete protection from grazing for a minimum period of five years seems to be essential to enable the area to allow proper grazing management. '"Pitting of flat land has proved to be useful. The provision of stock water and supplemental feed and protection from inclement weather and from predators such as wolves i...
M. Said and Tahir Hussain
...oral. Improvements of forage supply for livestock from the grazing lands is an obvious necessity. A range and pasture improvement scheme has been started at Maslakh near Quetta as a pilot project to evolve techniques of range and pasture improvement in this region. The project extends over an area of 115,040 acres.
The scheme was started in the middle of 1954 and so far in addition to complete protection from grazing, various range improvement works have ...
Anwar Ali, Muhmmad Ayaz, Saz Muhammad
... with 10% share. The average stocking/density was estimated at 250 trees per ha. In Reserved Forests, the average number of trees per ha was estimated at 285 whereas in Guzara Forests, the tree density was 176 stems per ha. The results of the inventory show that the forests of Kaghan Valley are well represented by all age classes. About 65% of the trees fall in immature class followed by s...
Ahmed Zamir, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Waseem Ullah and Rizwan Ullah
...mers predicted the advantage of the tree planting as being the source of fuel wood and tobacco kilns. They further perceived the role of tree planting as; 50%, 40%, 30% role in shade, income and other environmental benefits respectively. It was observed that educated farmers favored tree farming as compared to the less educated one. Further farmers listed many problems when questioned about the constraints in planting trees on farmlands. Lack of availability o...
Syed Qasim Shah
...s of feeding. The percentage of accepted larvae that were grafted with dilute royal jelly among group showed statistically difference between acceptance of 1 and 2 day old larvae among the upper and lower bar of the grafted frames. The groups accepted more two-day-old larvae as compared to one-day-old larvae. Moreover more larvae were accepted in lower bar as compared to upper bar of the grafted frames....
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...ei. The pest was managed by adopting integrated control strategy in which practices like destruction of eggs by soil working, banding of tree trunks and application of insecticides were combined together. All the components of integrated control strategy proved effective. Among the chemicals Buldock 25EC, Mepra 50EC and Endon 35EC @ 0.2% were the most effective insecticides against the pest. ...
Muhammad Rafique and Muhammad Afzal
... optimum and economical age/size of Eucalyptus camaldulensis tubed nursery plants for transplanting in the field. Six different age groups of seedling were planted for this purpose. Results revealed that seedlings of three months old or less are not suitable for out-planting due to their high mortality rate. Seedlings of four and a half to six months are best for transplanting in the field....
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Iqbal Mahmood
...ential and radial shrinkage and is suitable for framework where the stability is of high importance. The wood can also be used for making various kinds of boxes, cases, cupboards, tablets, crates, handicrafts, rural house construction, posts and poles etc....
Amjad Ali Chaudhry, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Mushtaque and Barket Ali Awan
...s included Eleucine flagellifera (27.52%) and Elionurus hirsutus (13.85%)....
Mohammad Ayaz and Bashir Ahmad Wani
.... However, forest percentage in different provinces/territories is different. The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K) has the maximum forest area of 20.7%, followed by North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Northern Areas (NA) having 16.6 and 9.5% of forest area, respectively. The province of Punjab and Sindh have almost similar forest area of round 2.8%. Forest area in Balochistan is the least, representing a minimum figure of 1.7% only.

About 32% o...

Hanif Gul and Wali-ur-Rehman
... record the extent of damage caused by the walnut borer to walnut trees. The pest caused heavy damage in Sultan Khel valley where tree infestation was 90-100% in Sairai and 80-90% in Kotkai villages. Number of dry branches per tree ranged from 5-15 at Sairai and 5-10 at Kotkai. Similarly 60-70% trees at Sromanzo and 30-50% at Navra of Dir and Barawal were infested by the pest with 10-12 dr...
Maria Mussarat, Amanullah Bhatti and Mehmood Elahi
...re poor land and crop management, slope gradient, accelerated erosion near villages, erodibility of soils, low stream bank stability and heavy concentrated rains. All the above causes and features have been mapped using 1:50,000 scale....
Kh. Rizwan Shehzad, Z. H. Malik and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi
...sity, frequency and coverage of each species in the different stands were recorded. It was changed to relative scales and then added together to get the importance value for each species in each stand. Communities were named after the 3 leading dominants. The following five communities were recognized: (I) Melia-Lantana-Stellaria, (II) Morus-Dodonaea Melilotus, (III) Dodonaea-Grewia-Melia, (IV) Stellaria-Zizyphus-Dodonaea, (V) Ox...
G. A. Bajwa and M. N. Ashiq
... in J-101 during pupil stage. Cumulative mortality because of these three diseases was in the array of J-101 (38.59%) > C-102 (29.22%) > 206-MKD (23.67%) > 207-PO (9.93%). Thus 207-PO was relatively the most resistant strain to flacherie and grasserie while J-101 was relatively the most susceptible strain to these microbial diseases. 206-MKD and C-102 were intermediate between 207-PO and J-101, however they were relatively more resistant to grasserie than flac...
Wali-ur-Rehman
...-70%) each, while its damage on P. alba ranged from 5 to 30% in these areas....
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and M. N. Ashiq
..., Peshawar. Mean percentage of larval infestation of leaves was recorded following analysis of variance and LSD test....
Altaf Hussain, M. Arif Chaudhry and Syed Hasnain Abbas
...e lowest survival percentage (50.2%) was given by treatment T3 (100% effluent water)....
Mohammad Ayaz
...it's survival through management plans and in-situ cultivation is recommended to meet the traditional and commercial needs. In addition, artificial cultivation of Mushkbala, on one hand, will reduce burden on its natural survival and, on the other, provide employment opportunities to the local population....
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Sumaira Saeed
...tion, utilization and management for domestic energy needs. The analysis indicated that more female were involved in looking after and maintenance of trees on farmlands than males. However, females were found less in number when it came to planting activities. The study also revealed that fuelwood was a major source of energy for domestic cooking. The demand for the biofuel expected to increase with increasing human population and decreasing private forest res...
Syed Zainul Arifeen and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
...e year's (1988-1996) average data showed that both the hydrologic response (16%) and sediment concentration (158 kg/ha) were minimum i.e. for the subcatchment under forest and was maximum i.e. hydrologic response (26%) and sediment yield (332 kg/ha) for the catchment under agricultural use. The response from mixed land use of forest and agriculture was 18% and sediment concentration was 215 kg/ha. For rang land hydrologic response was (21%) and sediment concen...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ere derived from the average values of fiber dimensions. E. crebra was found the most suitable for high bursting strength, tensile strength, folding endurance, flexible, dense and well formed paper whereas, E. citriodora for high tearing resistance and well bonded paper due to maximum fibre length and felting power ratio....
G. A. Bajwa, H. Gul and G. N. Panhwer
...emale moth was on an average 37.71 ± 0.91 eggs with maximum of 45 and minimum 30 eggs. The oviposition, incubation, larval and pupal periods lasted for 1-3, 3-5, 8-18, 6-18 days, respectively while the adults remained alive for 4-17 days. There were seven generations in a year with an average life cycle of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th , 6th and 7th generation was 32.5, 27,5, 26,5, 23.0, 27.5, 37.5, and 44 days in April - M...
Asif Kamal and Rizwan Ahmad
...e study indicate the average noise level at these points is 84 dB(A). Spin Jumat is the worst affected crossing with reference to noise pollution with average noise level at 86 dB(A). The average noise level of other 4 sites ranged between 82-84 dB (A). It is concluded that the noise level in Peshawar city has crossed the permissible limits. Due to high level of noise, traffic controlling...
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
...p>3 from different age trees of Eucalyptus camaldulensis using flakes from 4 years (Class A), 6 years (Class B) and 8 years (Class C) old trees and their mixtures; 50 percent A/50 percent B, 50 percent B/ 50 percent C and 50 percent A / 50 percent C, bonded with urea formaldehyde resin. Static bending, internal bond, screw withdrawal, thickness swelling, water absorption and linear expansion of particleboards for each
Hanif Gul and Abida Hamid
...als) vuill against all stages of E. dodecastigma trials were conducted in the laboratories at the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. The fungus, B. bassiana was tried in the doses of 0.4 x 104 spores / ml 0.6 x 104 spores/ml and 0.8 x 104 spores / ml against all stages of Hadde beetles. The fungus B. bassiana proved to be effective against all the stages except eggs....
Syed Zainul Arifeen and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
...e year's (1986-1995) average data showed that both the hydrologic response and sediment yield from the catchment treated with mix plantation and engineering technique was less than half as compared to other treatments. This response was much higher in the catchment untreated and kept open to grazing. The analysis of variance showed that hydrological response and sediment concentration was significant and non significant at 5% level, respectively....
Shad K. Khalil and John G. Mexal
...ion of dry matter of foliage. Both mycorrhizal fungi caused substantial increase in net photosynthesis and PWUE over non mycorrhizal (NM) control, but none of the mycorrhizas resulted in significant change in total dry matter or shoot-root allocation of dry matter. Net photosynthesis measured over time increased from morning then it declined to the minimum at mid-day, thereafter, net photosynthesis slightly increased towards the end of the day. Seedlings inocu...
S. Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...d for its sustainable management for future exploitation....
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...48 and 0.624 with an average 0.70 which conforms with Dyar's rule. The pest was found active in all larval instars from April to October except June and it over wintered in larval stage (2-5th instar) from November to February. Six to seven generations were found in a year....
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
... vegetation cover percentage, herbage production, species composition, species distribution and number of species had increased under combined effects of protection and fertilizer application. The Poa alpine - Potentilla fragarioides vegetation type was transformed to Poa alpine - Digitaria sanguinalis types. This change had also registered increase in species number from 18 to 27. One final clipping and two cl...
M. Mohiuddin and R. Ara
... best germination percentages. The results of the study suggest that longer water soaking period of seeds and sowing in polyethylene bag with high temperature could be recommended for better seed germination of all three species studies....
Altaf Hussain
...iable seeds. On the average the electrophoretical detectable variation was low. GDH, IDH, PGM, and SOD were monomorphic, whereas moderate electrophoretical variation was observed in the remaining enzymes. Analysis of female gametophytes of 29 putative heterozygous trees showed that the one-to-one segregation was significantly distorted. Single trees segregation for SKDH zones often was in accordance with the Mendelian expectation while for the other putati...
Muhammad Ayaz
...be regulated through management plans and in situ and ex-situ cultivation. This on one hand will ensure sustained supply of Kuth, compatible with its survival, and on the other provide additional job opportunities for the local communities....
J. S. A. Osho
...timber harvest in the management of an even-aged forest plantation. The plantation is being managed for timber production on fifteen years rotation and on a 5-year periodic planning. The solution of the LP showed that about 5.8 x 107 m3 of wood was maximized. The optimal solution preserved 2,945 ha (20, 730, 202 m3) of wood was maximized. The optimal cut in Peri...
Md. Serajuddoula, A. S. Khan, M. R. Islam and M. A. H. Shahjalal
...station under present management system. Considering the sustainability of the existing plantation, research on mesophytic trees has been carried out. Eleven commercially important mesophytic trees species were tried in two locations (Rangabali and Kukri-mukri). The data on survival, height and diameter was recorded and statistically analyzed. Out of eleven species jhaw (Casuarina equisetifolia), babla (Acacia nilotica) rain tree (Samania sama...
S. M. Rafique
...and vegetation cover, forage production and species composition. Four major variables namely; no grazing, no grazing + over-sowing, conventional grazing + over sowing and conventional grazing only were tested in two replications. The variables were assigned randomly to 4 plots of 10 x 10 m. Each plot was subdivided into two subplots of 10 x 5 m and one sub plot under each major variable was fertilized for 1st 3 years with uniform dose of NPK (1:2:2) at...
A. G. Wilkinson
...g to sustainable land management systems. Radiata pine affoestation, poplar silvipastoral systems, and various plant combinations including poplars and willows for riparian management were introduced. To prevent long term degradation by soil erosion, there is a need to develop economic poplar silvipastoral systems on at least one million hectares of New Zealand pastoral lands. New Zealand research effort is refocusing on ob...
Muhammad Iqbal
...e land owners of the villages in whose boundaries these forests are included. The owners of guzaras have the right to collect, free of charge, fuelwood and timber for their domestic and agricultural needs, graze and collect forage for the livestock. Management of these forests, however, rests with the Forest Department, against the management charge...
Fauzia Balqis Malik and Bashir Hussain Shah
...including tangible (shortage of timber and firewood) and in-tangible (like poor climate, degrading environment, vanishing wildlife and biodiversity and devastation by floods) ones. A population of over 126 million growing at an alarming rate of 3.1% does not permit to divert area from food crops to arboriculture and necessitates agroferestry (optional growing of trees and crops on the same land unit in temporal or/ and spatial arrangement) as a feasible option...
G. A. Bajwa and H. Gul
... accurate and precise damage assessment. A maximum of 39.06 ± 6.10 and minimum of 25.88 ± 2.58 percent damage was recorded at 2-3.5 and 4-5 meters tree height, respectively. On western, eastern, and northern side of crown, difference in damage at the two tree heights was significant (P< 0.05), while it was insignificant on southern side. Similarly, the overall dam
A. U. Khan, S. Siddique and F. Naz
..., effects of exposure dosage on the plants, alongwith plant physiology and the energy and chemical balance in the plant micro-environment created on the road determine to what extent pollution can be absorved or emitted by these trees....
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry, Sahibzada Muhammad Hafeez and Muhammad Jahangir Ghauri
...success. Survival percentage and height and diameter growth of seedlings at nursery as well as field phase were found non-significant. Economy in irrigation water and use of labour for irrigation without affecting the growth of plants was also worked out....
Hanif Gul
...ome new concepts for management of termites with methods other than the conventional chemical control. The new concepts in addition to chemical control for build up of a model of an integrated management of termites were population assessment, wood resistance trails, resistant wood extractive trials, influence of plant stress on termites infestation. Population assessment trial carried out in different localities sho...
Mohammad Hafeez and Muhammad Rafique
...plants in their tender age. An experiment was laid out at Maujghar in Cholistan to study the effectiveness of such a chemical 'alkasorb' for its water retaining capacity and its ultimate effect on the survival and growth of tree species....
Muhammad Rafique
...i> on germination percentage, number of tillers per plant, hight of crop and yield of wheat crop were studied which were statistically insignificant....
Mohammad Noor, Bashir Hussain Shah and Asad Lodhi
...road track while the average soil bulk density (gms/cm3) was higher on off-road track as compared with grazed area....
Muhammad Ayaz
... mainly because of shortage of raw material for this industry in the country. To broaden the raw material base for paper manufacture, studies were under taken to investigate the suitability of some of the home grown materials like woods, grasses and shrubs, for this use, on the basis of their fiber dimensions. Among all the species investigated softwoods are the best material for pulp and paper, followed by bamboos and other grasses. Most of the hardw...
Muhammad Hafeez and Wahid Rasheed
...y was carried out in village Bheaky, District Sialkot. Forty five trees of Acacia nilotica were selected to determine their effect on wheat crop. All the trees varied in diameter and height and were on the southern side of the wheat field. The trees were divided into seven diameter classes i.e. D1 = 20 - 24.9 cm, D2 = 25 - 29.9 cm, D3 = 30 - 34.9 cm, D4 = 35 - 39.9 cm, D5 = 40 - 44.9 cm, D6 = 45 - 49.9 cm, D7 = 50 - 55.9 cm. Effect of Acacia ...
Mohammad Rafique and Mohammad Hafeez
...soil, germination percentage, number of tillers per plant, height of crop and yield, (straw and grains) of wheat crop were studied which were statistically insignificant....
K. M. Siddiqui
... foreign countries to manage subsistence level living. Land holdings are small and mostly without irrigation facilities....
Mohammad Ayaz
...characteristics like average fiber length, relative fiber length and Runkel ratio show that the fiber characteristics like average fiber length, relative fiber length and Runkel ratio show that the fibers from Mazri are suited for the production of pulp and paper of good quality. Mazri fibers being medium long can supplement hardwood and non-woody pulps as pulp furnish. At present low and scattered supplies an...
K. M. Suleman
... gives the salient advantages of bamboo pulping over softwoods....
Hanif Gul, Nighat Mansoor Chaughtai and Rukhsana Kausar
...d as biological control agent against forest nursery pests Poecilocerus pictus, and Brachutrypes portentosus in the laboratory at the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar under the controlled temperature of 25-35°C and 55-65% relative humidity, for evolving their best possible biological control. B. bassiana fungus was tested in the doses of 0.8 x 104 spores/ml, 0.6 x 104 spores/ml in the study. The data showed that B. bassian...
K. M. Siddiqui
...tural ecosystem and drainage in the first instance which was subsequently extended by faulty irrigation practices for production of food and fiber to meet the needs of increasing population. In the latter case, the seepage of irrigation water from unlined water courses has aggravated the problem to an enormous and critical extent. Unfortunately, role of forests in this regards is little understood and only mechanical means h...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...FI No. 19, at nursery stage. Measurements of parameters recorded one month and twenty days after treatment were plant height, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of stem, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of stem and percent dry matter. Five plants per treatment were selected at random, then data were converted on per plant basis. Plant height was the only parameter which significantly increased in response to Temik, while ...
Bashir Hussain Shah
...spectively. The crop, forage, and the biomass production of Ipil ipil data showed that maximum farm productivity is from the catchment treated with bench terraces. Ipil ipil on the risers of the terraces conservation benches ipil ipil was planted. In strip cropping Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia modesta and L. leucocephalla were planted in 3 rows at 1 x 1 m spacing along the contour. ...
Maqsood Ahmed and Noor Mohammad
...orestry trees provide forage with high crude protein and low fibre contents, making them a source of homegrown and cheaply available supplement for poor quality roughage feedstuffs such as cereal crop residues. Evidenced is presented that browsing on such trees improves feed intake, animal performance and overall utilization efficiency of poor quality roughage. ...
Maqsood Ahmed and H. Verplancke
...sand at different percentage by weight and soil-hydrogel mixtures were saturated with saline solutions prepared by mixing NaCl at different proportions in deionized water after sowing seeds of three different species. Germination and growth were recorded. Both growth parameters responded positively to the addition of polymer, and negatively to the salt concentration in saturating solutions. A variation was also observed between the species....
Sardar Mohammad Rafique
...he effects of grazing management and application of fertilizer on forage production, cover percent, soil protective cover, soil infiltration rate and soil bulk density. Three major treatments namely; one clipping (no grazing), two clippings (simulated rotational grazing) and conventional grazing (continuous seasonal grazing) were applied randomly in 3 plots of 10 x 10 meter size. Similarly, three sub- plots of 10 x 5 meters...
Ghulam Akbar, Shahid Rafique and Muhammad Asghar
...wed promise to extend forage availability year round in upland Balochistan where winter forage deficit is a serious problem for livestock....
Mohammad Arif Chaudhry
...omentosa. The percentage of inflorescence bearing plants was 88 in P. elongata, 61 in P. fortunei 35.5 in P. tomentosa and 30.1 in P. australis. The number of flowers/ cyme varied from 2-5 in P. australis and P. elongata, and 3-5 in P. fortunei and P. tomentosa. Fresh fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breadth, seed weight/fruit and placental length were maximum in P. fortunei and minimum in P. tome...
Kanwar M. Suleman and R. W. Rice
...s study. Strategic advantages of each country was evaluated on the basis of raw material resources, economies of scale, the level of technology, wood cost, the level of integration, geographical specialization and market share. Brazil and Portugal have clear advantages over the less industrialized countries like Thailand and Pakistan in hardwood pulping. However, increasing demand for Eucalyptus market pulp on the world mark...
Bashir Hussain Shah and Mumtaz Akhtar Qadir
...ontrol measures. The average sediment yield from the catchments treated with technical control measures (both for surface and channel erosion control )and the catchment treated only for channel erosion control, was 1.00 and 2.0 tonnes/ha/year respectively. On the other hand, the average sediment yield from the untreated catchment was 3.6 tonnes /ha/year....
Sahibzada M. Hafeez and M. Hafeezullah
...pto 5th or even 6th year age of Poplar crop. The experiment is in progress....
M. Rafique Sardar
...he study showed that average forage production under control (no treatment) was highest of all the treatments. This indicated that seeded Cenchrus ciliaris is sensitive to repeated clippings. However, clippings at different intensities and frequencies in different seasons had variable results. Light fortnightly clippings in the spring gave the highest forage production of all other ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...e on Intensive Forest Management was held in the Pakistan Forest Institute. Peshawar on 21-28 May, 1993. Participants from Iran, Kirghizstan, Turkey, Turkish Cyprus. Uzbekistan and Pakistan attended this Conference at the invitation of Government of Pakistan. Representatives of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan were not able to attend the Conference. Although, they had already confirmed their participation....
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...Jones) Schult., under managed and unmanaged conditions on Baluchistan rangelands. Both species were grown in monoculture and in a 50:50 mixture in an 11-month (44-week) greenhouse study. Defoliation treatments were implemented when plants were 32 weeks old; and consisted of: equally clipping (3-cm stubble height) plants in monoculture and mixture zero, one, two or three times at 4-week intervals (32, 36. and 40 weeks after...
Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
... to the woes, whatever meager plant cover is available that is also depleting rapidly. The depletion is being caused mainly by an absolute lack of grazing management by the flock owners and by the extraction of shrubs and bushes for fuel. Valuable grasses like Washta/Hadden (Stipa pennata), and Granang/Rangai (Enneapogon persicum) have almost vanished. These were the important palatable perennial gras...
Raza-ul-Haq
... applications. Seedling age in relation to competition from other vegetation is important for the survival of seedlings. Total shrub (Viburnum) control and soil working improved survival (77% of 3 months old seedlings as compared to control (67%). The highest survival of 85-87% was achieved in the plots where herbs and shrubs were killed with herbicide. Heights of seedlings (3 and 12 month old) was significantly affected by age...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...t process of dominant forage grasses found on arid and semiarid rangelands in Baluchistan. A controlled environment study was conducted to determine differences in leave and tiller development and root development between seedlings of Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) staph, and Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult, at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after emergence. Chrysopogon aucheri seedlings generally had greater, but not significan...
K. M. Siddiqui and B. H. Shah
.... A number of government agencies have been engaged in the afforestation of vast dry areas in the country. Most of the efforts in this regards have so far been patchy, sporadic and scattered, and ware therefore, impact over a long period in the face of increasing pressure of growing human and cattle population. The Pakistan Forest Institute started systematic research on efficient use of available rain water for dryla...
K, M. Siddiqui
...of sustainable forest management, food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, Rome Italy, 1993...
Wali-ur-Rehman
...und free from insect damage. A Hymenopterous parasite, Phanerotoma sp. Caused 16% parasitism in each of Coleopterous and Lepidopterous pests....
K. M. Siddiqui and Saliheen Khan
...eople live in small villages and towns in the valleys and lower foothills. Cultivated and orchard land is nearly all irrigated. Recently, Forestry Sector Master Plan used satellite imagery to determine land use in this area (FSMP, 1993). Its data are reproduced below. Since, 4.7 million ha were not classified, so its estimate of irrigated farmland (44,000 ha) is an under estimate. A 1985 census estimated that Gilg...
Raja Atta Ullah Khan
...ursery area, yet the average number of standard size planting stock seldom exceeds 100,000 per ha. Because of congestion, seedlings suffer from adverse competition and most of them remain whipy and weak and do not attain proper size in one growing season. This practice is going on since long in most of the nurseries of Forest Department and has hardly changed over the period of time. Thus there is a great need to improve the nursery raising technique ...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
.../i> during the initial stage of the recruitment process....
K. M. Siddiqui
... backwaters to central stage in international forums. For almost a century, scientific forestry meant management of woodlands on the basis of classical principles developed in Central Europe especially in Germany when widespread wood scarcity and flood destruction caused by deforestation were occurred in that part of the world. The forests were considered essentially to perform two broad but ill-defined functions e...
Inayat Ahmad Hafiz
...elopment at different stages especially on economic cocoon characters. The results show that mortality of larvae and pupae was low and the effect of PFI-1 and PFI-2 was significant on economic cocoon characters of the variety. The chemical analysis of these varieties showed that protein contents of PFI-1 and PFI-2 were higher then in Japanese hybrid and Karyansuban varieties and hence gave better cocoon shell ratio. The cocoon quality did not show muc...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
... fungus attacking all stages of I. quadrinotata and Elaterid predator of A. sarta, pit borer Apriona cinerea (Lamiidae, Coleoptera) were recorded. Observations on the biology of Elaterid predator of A. sarta and A. cinerea in the laboratory showed that a predator larvae consumed 2 host grubs of 1-2 months age in 4 days. ON an average single ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...inent for scientific management of the forests to meet growing demand of forest goods and services. The Imperial Research Institute was established in Dehra Dun in 1906 with this objectives in -view. Further, expansion of forestry research was carried out in the subcontinent when the importance of conservation of forestry resources was felt during First World War. Thereafter, rapid advances were made in this regards which contributed to the man<...
Raza-ul-Haq
...d planted bare-rooted at age 3, 12 and 24 months, under four cover conditions in the experimental site at Kund. The survival and growth of the seedlings were monitored over time. Both 3-month-old and 12-month-old plants in polythene tubes gave best survival rate under shade in all three cover condition. Under similar condition the survival rate was comparatively low for the seeding planted directly in forest soil due to root competition. For older plan...
Rash Khan and Faridullah Khan
...g in view the acute shortage of fodder and forages in northern Areas of Pakistan, an experiment was conducted in Karakoram Agricultural Research Institute (KARINA) in late November, 1984 and continued for 3 years to evaluate the performance of Dactylus glomerata under two temperature regimes. The treatment included covering the plots with polyethylene sheet and without cover. The covered seed took 19 days to ge...
*Muhammad Iqbal, James A. Moore and ***Charles R. Hatch
...e woody branches and foliage components are used as fuel wood and fodder. The objective of this study was to developed simple and practical prediction models using linear regression to estimate crown biomass. Models were developed for green and air-dried branch wood and fodder crown biomass components under different lopping intensities. Tables were produced to formulate management, planning and marketing strategies....
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...experiments in Range Management Nursery, Pakistan Forest institute, Peshawar for estimation of biomass of fodder tree species during December, 1991 to January, 1992. Selective parameters of growth of all the sample trees of different fodder tree species were measured. Green weight of stem wood, branch wood, leaves and pods were recorded separately for biomass calculation. Dry weight after 6 weeks was also measured. The results showed that 12 years old...
Iqbal Mohammad
...ransportation, forest management, recreation, etc. This paper describes a study to determine the pay-back time period of Shinkiari-Kund forest road. It is concluded that Rs. 3.437 million invested in the 19 km road building will be fully paid back in 4 years. Total timber to be harvested to break-even with the investment is estimated at 6,839 m3 (242,000 cft)....
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...ies. It attained the average height of 5.9 meters in 4 years with 1.3 meter average annual growth rate. Slope method of planting gave highest survival and establishment rates for all the species. A. albida based on its performance is recommended for planting under slope method of planting in areas having similar climatic conditions like Peshawar valley....
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...gh the parameters of foliage loss, root damage and water deficiency at two sites. Plants with 3/4 roots cut showed maximum stress and plant mortality, followed by half root cut and low irrigation frequency. Foliage loss helped in improving vitality of plants by reducing moisture loss through transpiration thereby decreasing plant mortality. Further, almost all dying and dead plants ...
M. Ayaz
...y, through the direct engagement and payment of forest workers. For this work an appropriate wage system is an important pre-requisite. At present there is no incentive oriented wage system (piece-rates) in forestry, which is developed on time and productivity principles. To develop a piece-rate on the basis of time demand and productivity considering tree variables and work place f...
K. M. Siddiqui
...ency in the use and management of resources. The strategy consists of three parts. The first part gives an analysis of state of physical and natural resources of Pakistan and the extent of the environmental problems faced in the country as a result of resource use impacts and linkages. This part also examines existing institutions and present policies and programmes related to environment....
Rafique Ahmad Dr. and Nasreen Muzaffar Dr.
...ral, heading the bee management research programme and his co-worker Dr. Nasreen Muzaffar at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad have produced a very valuable piece of literature....
Hakim Shah and Malik Illahi Bakhsh
...rpose of sale. The stumpage value of annual wood removals from farmlands is estimated at 5.7 billion rupees. The tree stock is equivalent to 0.73 million ha of plantation forests....
Muhammad Rafique Sardar
...ped for estimation of forage production and 60 were studied for vegetation characteristics in two seasons. The study reveled that enclosure had positive effects on range vegetation. Vegetation recovery was remarkably rapid. The decreasers (highly palatable) species were reappearing. The estimated forage production was 1234 Kg/per hectare, carrying capacity was 1.1 ha / Markhor / annum and range condition (health) had ...
Wasif Hussain Bokhari
...shaped crown of thin foliage and bipinately compound leaves. Its pods are conspicuous during most of the year because they hang on the tree long after they ripe and throughout the hot weather when the tree is bare of leaves. When rattled by hot winds, the pods sound like frying fish; hence, the tree is known in West Indies as the Fry wood....
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...out of which termite damage was recorded on 27 plants only. At Peshawar mortality of plants was less than that at D. I. Khan. A total of 175 plants died over a period of a year and half which is only 20% of the total number of plants at this site. There was no termite damage to the plants at Peshawar....
Mohammad Ayaz
...use permanent hearing damage and other noise induced health hazards. Proper protection measures and maintenance of machines to reduce the noise is recommended for the safety and health of workers....
Mohammad Noor
...cantly more air-dried forage (4726 kg/ha) and was one of the best among all ecotypes. The ecotypes from Australia (426) USA (235) and Pakistan (229) produced higher (p< 0.05) quantity of air -dried for age compared with other ecotypes except No.269, but did not differ significantly among themselves. The average number of established plants of the ecotypes from India (269), Australia (426) ...
Bashir Hussain Shah
...the percent cover and forage production of ground vegetation under four years old plantation showed that Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia nilotica and Leucaena leucocephala have a higher allelopathic effect on the growth of grasses under them as compared to Zizyphus mauritiana, Acacia modesta, Dalbergia sissoo and Albizzia lebbek. The cover percent of the vegetation was lowest (8.25%) under Eucalyptus camaldulensis and ...
K. M. Siddiqui
... backwaters to central stage in international forums. For almost a century, scientific forestry meant management of woodlands on the basis of classical principles developed in Central Europe especially in Germany when widespread wood scarcity and flood destruction caused by deforestation occurred in that part of the world. The forests were considered essentially to perform two broad but ill-defined functions e.g....
Mohammad Noor, Mohammad Khan and Gul Nabi
...hange in vegetation. Average yield and species composition of grasses, forbs and trees/shrubs were not significantly different in the exclosed and adjacent grazed areas. The higher ( P = 0, 05) forage production and composition of Aristida depressa in the grazed area showed that this species increased under continued grazing. Frequency of grasses, forbs and trees/shrubs was not affected by the exclusion of livestock. ...
Zahid Javid and R. F. Fisher
...s of Punjab extensive management results in nutrient deficiency and tree growth becomes N limited on sites where non dinitrogen - fixing species are raised. The fast growing hybrid poplar and mulberry deplete the soil of its essential nutrients. The soils under Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Leucaena and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Show increased net nitrogen mineralization rates, whereas continuously grazed and leaf-litter harvested s...
Zahid Javid and R. F. Fisher
...s of Punjab extensive management results in nutrient deficiency and tree growth becomes N limited on sites where non dinitrogen - fixing species are raised. The fast growing hybrid poplar and mulberry deplete the soil of its essential nutrients. The soils under Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Leucaena and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Show increased net nitrogen mineralization rates, whereas continuously grazed and leaf-litter harvested s...
K. M. Siddiqui
...nments and international agencies is also low. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations is responsible for forest conservation and development all over the world especially in the developing countries. It spends only about 4% of its budget on forestry which is less than half of 9% of its budget in the fifties. Nearer home, forestry being provincial subject, the provincial governments generally allocate 1 to 1.5% of their annual...
S. M. Rafique
... (2.5 acres) in Range Management Nursery of the Pakistan Forest Institute. Both cuttings and whole nursery plants were planted in it at a spacing of 2.7 x 2.7 meters (9 x 9 feet). Irrigation was applied as and when required from an open sewerage drain. All necessary cultural operation were carried out according to the plan of operations. Ten years old tree crop in may, 1992 consisted of only 536 trees because there were nume...
Muhammad Khurshid Swati and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...including volume of stumpage. The out turn volume can also be expressed as percentage of the standing volume of the tree. In the process of harvesting and conversion into logs or scants a certain proportion of the standing volume is lost as smallwood, Pharas, kurf or left as stump on the ground. The outtern volume of trees in logs or in scants primarily depends on parameters such as species, taper, site quality and ...
Wahid Rashid and Mohammad Hafeez
...y was carried out in village Satrah. District Sialkot to determine the effect of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) on the yield of wheat crop. Fifty trees of variable diameter and heights were selected for southern side of the field and were divided into seven diameter classes e.g.15 - 19.9, 20 - 24, 9, 25 - 29.9, 30, 34.9 cms, 35 - 39.9, 40 - 44.9 and 45 - 50 cms. Dalbergia sissoo trees affected crop height up to a distance of 11.0 meters but t...
Hakim Shah, Malik Illahi Bakhsh and Mohammad Amjad
...irrigated areas. The average number of trees per ha is 46 for all areas, 72 in irrigated areas and 27 in un-irrigated areas. Poplar (24%), bakain (18%), Shisham (15%), ailanthus (13%) and mulberry (10%) are the pre-dominant species in irrigated areas. Ber (23%) and ailanthus (14%) are the most common trees in un-irrigated areas. The tree stock is mostly concentrated in lower diameter classes. The dia classes 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 account for 42%, 24% an...
Farrukh Hussain and Ihsan Ilahi
...better germination. Storage up to 12 months had no significant effect on germination. The seeds germinated better at pH 5-7. ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...duce and intensity of management practices. Generally, tree planting on the farmlands is financially favorable in all localities irrespective of tree species planted on them. On the other hand ,large block plantations on state land, with the exception of poplar plantation in Changa Manga, have low cost benefit ratio especially if rental value of the land ( opportunity cost ) is included in the financial analysis. It is suggested that plantations should...
Editor
...ttibas' and personals engaged in the manufacturer of medicines used in the traditional system, to initiate discussion among them for the promotion, conservation and use of drug plants on scientific lines, marketing, processing and involvement of the end users i.e. industrial manufacturers....
K. M. Siddiqui
...pth of the little Ice age in 1700 A.D., the average temperature has risen by 1.5°C in northern Europe without any noticeable effect on forests. On the other hand, when 5°C warming occurred between 15,000 and 7000 year ago, it caused major changes in the distribution and abundance of forest tree species in some regions of Northern Hemisphere. Similarly, there is evidence to believe that climate has change...
*Nasir M. But, **Noor Mohammad, *Sartaj and *M. I. Sultani
...in spring 1983 in the forage and pasture experimental area of NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. All the grass strains were replicated thrice in the plots of 3x4 m size. The grass were harvested at ground level at the end of the growing season during the last week of October,1983 and 1984. The harvested material was sun dried to determine the dry grow Cenchrus ciliaris years results it is recommended to grow Cenchrus ciliaris (RM 269), Pnicum ...
M. Tahir Laeeq and Raja Walayat Hussain
...r and 2 year and 3 year age were harvested for determination of biomass. It was found that spacing i.e. 0.50 x 0.50m to 1.50 x 1.25m gave more biomass than wider spacings where the yield had been almost the same. Harvesting annually or biennially did not make much difference in biomass production and cattle feed frequent harvesting is preferred. The plants may be planted at a wider spacing and retained for more then two years for uses like charcoal, pol...
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...moisture, soil loss, herbage production and ground vegetation cover. Twelve sample trees of almost uniform size were selected in Rakh Dagar Kotli, Thal. The lopping treatments were assigned randomly to the sample trees. The study showed that jand trees play an important role in protecting the soil and ground vegetation from harmful effects of prevailing harsh climatic condition in the Thal desert. Accordingly, more soil moisture and less soil erosion l...
Mohammad Amjad
... (1988) underlined shortage of fuelwood in the country and projected a much bigger gap between demand and supply by turn of the century. Several other studies have made similar assertions about fuelwood situation in Pakistan (l,2,3,5). These assessments are mostly based on physical models of supply and demand. These models estimate future demand on the basis of projected population size and per capita needs, and compare it with the production pote...
1. Peter Posehan; 2. W. Budd, et al.; 3. John C. Gordon & William R. Bentley
... 3. A handbook on the management of Agroforestry Research...
Abdur Rauf Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid and Naseer Ahmad
... in 1971, an acute shortage of tea was faced by Pakistan. Since that time, the increasing demand of tea is met by imports from a number of countries which involves a huge amount of foreign exchange. The annual consumption of tea in Pakistan is more than 90 million kgs, which costs more than US $ 200 million on its import. To meet the growing demand for tea and to save the foreign exchange, efforts were made to produce tea locally, for this purpose, t...
S. H. Iqbal, Shahbaz and Ghazala Nasim
...ery common, digestion stages were observed. Extrametrical mycelium was also found. Some endophytes other then VA, with septate, hyaline or coloured mycelium were found penetrating into the root. A mixture of endogonaceous spores formed the rhizosphere mycoflora....
P. H. Haydock Wilson and A. R. Beg
...argent) seedlings of all ages were found to be markedly less in plots where Imperata ground cover exceeds 75%. Over the range of sites, however, other factors of the pine's regenerative ecology appear to dwarf this effect and analysis of variance showed the difference to be non-significant. Mycorrhixal growth intensity on the seedling roots was also assessed at different depths in the soil in each sample plot and an attempt was made to correlate this wi...
Mir Baz Khan
...ntensive, agro-based cottage industry in the rural areas. It involves small investment on the part of farmers but offers them high economic returns in a short period of 30 to 35 days during spring when they do not have much work on their farms. It also provides jobs to the farming families particularly to women, old persons and children who cannot work else-where on the farms.

Large areas of NWFP potential wealth of mulberry trees, the only food of s...

Mian Muhammad Muslim
...s a labour intensive cottage industry, capable of significant contribution towards easing the employment problems and improving the socio-economic of the rural masses. The export of silk can also be an excellent source of foreign exchange earning due to its enormous demand world over.

Sericulture was introduced in Taxila locality of Punjab immediately after independence in 1947. Subsequently, it was introduced in and around the irrigated forest planta...

Sardar Muhammad Sarwar Khan
... development of this cottage industry was extended to other parts of the territory....
M. Iqbal Ahmad and I. A. Hafiz
...ve and quantitative foliage yield of different mulberry varieties under different treatments of spacing fertilization and pollarding at the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. It was found that density of planting in directly related to the mulberey leaf yield. The spacings of 1 x 1 meter was found optional for improved management and high yield of mulberry plantations. The application of 200 Kg N per hectare, if a...
M. Iqbal Ahmad
...ugh sericulture as a cottage industry has a long history in Pakistan, it has not made any real progress until recently. The main impediment was lack of technical manpower for research in quality egg production, mulberry cultivation, silkworm rearing, silk yarn technology, and cocoon and silk marketing. Other factors also played an important part in this regard. These include import policy for silk seed and raw silk and price fluctuations faced by farme...
K. M. Siddiqui
... gone beyond a minor cottage industry due to lack of knowledge of modern and scientific techniques for production of commercial silk seed, absence of adequate mulberry plantations, non-existence of local training facilities and constraints in processing and marketing of silk cocoons and raw silk. The prices of cocoons also fluctuate considerably from year to year, thus adversely affecting economic returns to the farmers....
M. Khan and M. Kleine
...ar highly populated villages. In order to study the effect of proper protection on the growth of Chir pine, a long term experiment was started in the forests of Research and Training Field Station, Shinkiari. This paper presents interim results of the first two year's observations, which give the progress of Chir pine seedling growth. About a10,000 plants per hectare, which are more than 20 cm tall, and sufficient to constitute future stands of desira...
M. Kleine
...paper deals with a two stage sampling design for afforestation inventories which was recently adopted for the evaluation of large plantation areas in the North-West Frontier Province. Major considerations for designing such an inventory are elaborated and the complete procedure of selecting an appropriate design, implementing it in the field, data processing and interpretation of the results are described....
M. Ayaz
...W.F.P. show that the average travel speed of loaded and empty gattu in the forest roads is 5.6 and 7.9 km/hour, respectively. A gattu generally carries an average load o f about 15 logs, with a volume of 6.75 m3 (239.6 cft) under bark. The cost of timber transportation is calculated as Rs. 19.91/m3/km (Re.0.56/cft/km). It was observed that road gradient has considerable effect on transportation c...
K. M. Suleman and N. Kausar
...hemical composition with age, locality and sampling position of Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood grown at Khipro and Chichawatni were studied. No variation in chemical composition could be found with respect to position of sample in the tree. However, variation among the individual trees is larger than that within a tree. Minor variation in chemical composition of Eucalyptus wood were also noted due to age of tree...
J. A. Khan
...ood during open air storage at Changa Manga forest plantation. Four different species viz ; Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) , Mulberry (Morus alba) , poplar (Populous spp.) and Semal (Salmalilia malabarica) where tested for loss of strength in relation to storage time. The results indicated that both popular and semal were severely decayed even after a storage...
M. Ayaz, J. A. Khan, M. Kleine and H. Duerrstein
... training in Forest Management and Wood Technology for a period of about one year in Germany, PFI-Officers were also sent for long-term studies for Ph.D. and M.Sc. degrees in Germany, United Kingdom and United States. Research was conducted by the officers during their stay abroad as part of their degree programmes and major findings of research are briefly described...
Hans Leoffler Dr.
...iculture and Forest Management (Prof. Dr. P. Burschel and Prof. Dr. J. Huss) and the Institute for Wood Research (Prof. Dr. H. Schulz and Dr. G. Wegener) were also involved....
Mohammad Noor
...osure were compared. Average air dry forage production increased nine times due to closure, this increase was both for grasses and forbs. The percent cover of grasses and forbs increased 21/2 times inside as compared with that of outside the closure. The grazing capacity due to closure increased 7 times of the grazed area. ...
K. M. Siddiqui
... the international donor agencies that social and economic benefits of development of state forests are not reaching small farmers in developing countries. Further, with increase in population, the pressure on natural forests was also increasing and pace of development was not fast enough to reduce it. Side by side, due to energy crisis, the demand for fuelwood was also increasing. This called for drastic changes in the aid policy of the donor countrie...
Nasir M. Butt, Noor Mohammad and Rex D. Pieper
...Pakistan. It has high forage and fuel wood value. Its nitrogen contributing potential to soil was studied at Lohi Behr Range. Soil samples were taken under and outside of the canopy of phulai trees at various depths. Significantly higher nitrogen content was observed under the canopy. A general trend of decreasing nitrogen with depth was found. Two soil series did not show much difference in nitrogen content. Key words: Phulai, Soil, Nitrogen Fixation, Legume...
Editor
...r on Intensive Forest management (October 21, 1989, Peshawar)...
M. Ayaz
...se permanent hearing damage. Proper ear protection and maintenance of machines to reduce the noise level and risk of hearing disability to the workers are recommended....
Mahmood Iqbal Shiekh, Saliheen Khan and Hakim Shah
...ependence)and a new carriage factory, established at Islamabad in 1970 currently require 14,260 m3 of wood. Number of persons employed the year round in wood-working units being 2216, projected demands of wood of the various tree species, mostly Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and Cerdrus deodara (Roxb.ex Lamb) G.Don for the year 1990,1995 and 2000 were worked out to be 18,012, 27,379 and 36,745 m3 respectively....
Mirza Mohammad Ashraf and Ghulam Akbar
...o agriculture, range management with livestock population, watershed management and forestry, compiling the statistical information available on various aspects in relation to desertification....
Muhammad Farooq, Pazir Gul Khan and F. W. Khan
...ntally grown in Range Management Farm at Jamrud, were collected and analysed for fibers, carbohydrate, fat and protein content. The nutritive ratios of all the grasses were also determined. The results obtained were compared with those of common grasses of Cholistan, Kalachitta area and Thai already supporting large herds of cattle. They compared favourably well to justify their propagation as a cattle feed on pilot scale....
M. I. Sultani, Zafaruddin and Ghulam Akbar
...ed per unit area. All managed plantation of one hectare dwarf mulberry can yield enough leaves to provide 750 kg of green silk cocoons or 93 kg raw silk (Zafarud Din et al., 1983). Dwarf multicut varieties of mulberry with plant height less than 10 feet are generally cultivated for sericulture in many countries like Japan, China, and Korea while in Pakistan major source of mulberry leaves for silk worm rearing is the high trunk mulberry varieties; whic...
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
... depicted higher percentage of solasodine content (2.65%) in S. khasianum as compared to S.mammosum (1.5%). The results of chemical analysis are in conformity with Atal and Kapoor 1977.Spacing of 75 x 75 cm was found to be suitable in both the species. S. khasianum on the basis of better performance and resistance to black shank disease could be recommended for cultivation by pharmaceutical concerns under Peshawar climatic conditio...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, R. W. Hussain and Saliheen Khan
...ut the province. An average kiln was loaded 5 times during 1985-86. Mean annual capacity and actual production was 377 and 327 thousand bricks per kiln. Average annual requirement and actual consumption of firewood per sampled unit was 167m3 and 163 m3, while the corresponding figure for coal was 417 and 373 tonnes. Average wholesale price of firewood was Rs.28...
S.H. Bangash and F. W. Khan
...try had no critical shortage of wood; of course, there has still been dependence on selective importing of assorted timber wood from abroad....
Hanif Gul, M.I. Chaudhry M. Farooq and Rahmatullah Jan
... P. roxburghii Saragent from conifers while in Abies webbiana Lindl there was no significant difference in extractives and check (no treatments)....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...w of the tremendous shortage of raw material for various end uses and a final decision was required to be taken as to the spacing and the rotation on which poplar should be grown for maximum volume production for different end uses.

Although studies on spacing of poplars have been conducted in many countries, yet the results could not entirely be applicable to Pakistan owing to different climatic conditions obtaining in this part of the world. It wa...

Abeli, W. S., Issara, D. G., Malilah, P.K. and Mrosso, D. K.
...e per unit area, un-even aged trees and inaccessible most of the year round due to difficult terrain and poor road networks.

Most of the logging operations in natural forests are performed on piece work basis. Cutting tacks vary from 1 tree/day in THF to 50 trees/day in Miombo woodland forests depending on the size, stocking and the cutting tool. For instance in the THF where an axe was used as a cutting tool, productivity was 9.1m3/day while i...

Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ands form a large percentage of the total area of Pakistan. This sizeable portion of the land has predominantly pastoral economy and is for the most part desolate and unproductive. Until irrigation came to it, Thal too was atypical desert with low rainfall, hot and desiccating winds, sand storms, scarce water and food and of course, the poverty stricken people. Although the need for development of this tract was felt since long but the project could ma...
M. I. Sheikh
... of growth and yield management of the plantations, water requirement etc. have been discussed....
Ihsan Illahi and Farrukh Hussain
...er-logged situation. Storage unto 12 months did not affect the germinability. ...
Mohammad Ismail Zafar, Mohammad Shafiq and Ali Gohar
...vival, fire-wood and forage production, under gullied and rain fed conditions during 1983-86. It revealed that Leucaena can be successfully planted (86%survival) to obtain short time forage and firewood in addition to its effective in soil conservation even under the drought, severe and unfavorable climatic conditions. ...
Michael R. Dove
... in Pakistan part-1: Village-level determinants...
J.O. Adegbehin, S. Nokoe, J. A. Okojie and G. O. Otegbeye
...try showed that, on average site, P. caribaea var. hondurensis attained a top height of 23.4m at a reference age of 20 year and that a maximum mean annual increment (M. A. I) of 24.2m3/ha/yr could be obtained at age 30 with an overbark total volume production of about 726m3/ha. Among the other things discussed are the factors influencing the growth rate ...
M. I. Shiekh, R.W. Hussain and Saliheen Khan
...ut the province. The average loading capacity of green tobacco per unit is 1500-2500 kg. The average consumption of fire -wood per sample unit is 1.26 m3 per load and 6 to 7 days are required to cure one load. The average price of fore wood is 20/-, 28/- and 35/-per 40 kg for Malakand, Hazara and Peshawar Civil Division respectively. Average r...
Mohammad Afzal Cheema and Raja Walayat Hussain
...used for furniture, carriages, small table tops, toys, and solid wheels of country carts. The tree grows to a large size specially under favourable conditions....
Mirza Mohammad Ashraf
...ds have been severely damaged with the result that agricultural production has considerably decreased....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, Saliheen Khan and R. W. Hussain
...nufacturing units are engaged in production of sports goods; 50 units working on large scale and the rest on small scale. The export earnings during 1984-85 was 350.0 million rupees. Data were collected from 35 units. The annual installed capacity of the surveyed units is 400, 291, 377 + 156 and 219 thousand pieces for hockey sticks, cricket bats, cricket bats + hockey sticks and all type of rackets respectively. The actual production is 294, 223, 236 + 130 an...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...continued unabated since ages. The process has not only destabilized the fragile ecosytems but also has resulted in steep decrease in the wildlife population. As a matter of fact several species of flora and fauna are on the verge of extinction. All wildlife in Pakistan as to lean so heavily on assorted vegetation for shelter, food, survival and multiplication. The article brings into sharp focus the necessity of giving maximum attention to the protection of ...
M. Ayaz
...shown by their lower average total pulse by 9 beats/min. These results indicate that introduction of improved tools and vocational training of forest workers are very essential for higher labor productivity and improvement of socio-economic condition of forest workers in Pakistan....
S. M. Chughtai, Jehandar Shah, Syed Zahir Shah and Sardar Hussain Shah
... relatively a advanced stage of succession....
Bashir Mohammad Khan, Mohammad Ismail Chaudhry and Pervez Khawaja
...y of a booster clean package bees to the queen-right colonies helped in building up the colony strength quickly. ...
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...illion hectares. The average annual plantation programme is 133,000 hectares. Most important species in plantation are: Poplar, Willows, Equalyptus, Alder and Pines. Natural geographical regions are Black sea, Marmara sea, Aegean sea, Mediterranean and Central Anatolia. Successful mechanical operations in the forests are carried out during all plantation campaigns....
S. Hasan Abbas and M. Hanif
...e effect of watershed management practices (mainly planting)on runoff and sediment release an experiment was conducted at two sites in Hazara. The analysis of 6 years data collected, reveled that planting coupled with closure to grazing on the slops proved to be extremely helpful in reducing the runoff and sediment release form 30% to 1% and 239 gms/plot to 10 gm per plot respectively. The reduction was highly significant....
M.I. Sheikh, R. W. Hussain and Saliheen Khan
... conduct this study. Average family size varies between 7 and 10 persons for both rural and urban population. Mean monthly income per sample household comes to Rs.2610/- and Rs.3390 for rural and urban areas respectively. Number of persons using one room has been estimated 4.03 and 3.62 in rural and urban areas. Number of rooms per sample household are 4 in rural and 3 in urban areas. Mean wood consumption in constructing one household comes to 6.11 m3
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...donment....
Qaisar Ali, Mohammad Yousaf Wazir and Mirza Hakim Khan
...reclamation and range management....
M.I. Sheikh, Saliheen Khan and Raja Walayat Hussain
...raw material, acute shortage of safety matches was felt in the country. In the wake of that, several mushroom industries mostly at cottage level developed which used paper and cardboard and wax for this purpose. However, as the demand rose with the increase in population, several new well-organized and modern units were set up. The total production during 1983-84 was estimated at 1668 million match boxes out of which 40% we...
Laskar M. Rehman and M. I. Sheikh
...ion, flora and funa, management, utilization, and causes of degradation. Suggestions have also been made to improve the situation....
Gerald Foley
... making should be discouraged. The Gambia has imposed a ban on charcoal making.

Charcoal Making in the Developing World is essential reading for anyone concerned with the problems of woodfuel and deforestation in the developing world. It is the most comprehensive publication available on the techniques of charcoal making, the physics find chemistry behind them, how they fit within their local context, and the history of attempts to introduce new and imp...

M. Ismail Chaudhry and Hanif Gul
...y be termed as cellulose age as almost every thing in our daily use contains cellulose. The increased use of such products is causing the pulp wood and construction industries to expand dramatically to keep pace with the enlarging population, and this is motivating the plywood and lumber mills to intensify their demands. This ever increasing requirements for new products put more and more pressure on tree growers to maximize wood yield from the same land in th...
Mrs. M.N. Ashiq and M. Iqbal Ahmad
...y good results. The average cocoon yield calculated for one seed packet was 30kg fresh cocoon with 20.5%as cocoon shall ratio, which is similar to China....
Raja Walayat Hussain
...icro-climate etc. and management practices applied to the forest are some of the factors which influence the growth design. Different species thus depict different pattern of growth during their life cycle and as such would need different management approaches and decisions including the fixation of rotation age. Fixation of the felling age of a tree spe...
Wali-ur-Rahman and M. I an ail Chaudhry
...e seed out rightly or damages to the extent that the viability is undermined....
Shams-ur-Rehman and Altaf Hussain
...e heritability at 6-year-age for diameter was 0.83 indicating that the trait is heritable. Further possibilities of selection and genetic improvement in the species are discussed in irrigated plantations of Pakistan. ...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
... pupae were found from cages provided with eggs in the month of May. No stage of cutworm was recovered from cages provided with larvae or pupae of cutworms before the hot summer started. It indicates that the larvae and pupae of cutworm did not survive in hot dry weather of June where as the eggs aestivated successfully....
M. I.Sultani, Akhtar Ali, M. S. Khan and M. A. A. Qureshi
... plants produced and average 30.5g biomass as Compared to 11.5g biomass produced by late summer planted plants. The water use efficiency of spring sown popular plants was 358g and 333g in mulched and unmulched pots respectively while for late summer sown plant it was 381g and 342g respectively in mulched and unmulched pots. This indicated that seasonal differences have little effect on water use efficiency of popular plants. However, mulched plants were less e...
Aaron S. M. Mgeni
... It is suggested that management of this forest on the basis of non-declining yield is possible. Where computing facilities are limited this method of regulating yield may be more useful than using simple but rigid formulae....
Muhammad Shafiq and M. I. Nizami
...e site factors i.e. shortage of moisture and plant nutrients, in these gullied lands are challenging for a desirable land management practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the potential capabilities of the gullied land for establishment of tree plantations and also to test the adoptability/ suitability of some tree species. Four tree species (Leucaena leucocephala, Euclayptus camaldulensis, Morus a...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Hanif Gul
...hich do not feed in foliage were absolutely safe from the adverse effect of the chemicals....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
.... The harvesting and storage practices are faulty. Soil erosion is common on steep slopes. Scare scientific data is available and no organization for the management of rangelands exists. The livestock breeds, disease control and marking are primitive. The important recommendations given include comprehensive survey, formation of grazing cooperatives, preparation of range management ...
M. I. Sultani, Muhammad Banaras Bhatti, Sartaj and Anjum Amin
... proportion of grass....
G. M. Baloch, M. I. Arif and M. Irshad
...> caused appreciable damage to their host weeds. Investigations in the biology, ecology, and nature of damage of these promising enemies were carried out. ...
M. Ayaz
... objectives of forest management. As timber is the major forest produce, therefore it's quality is the main factor in it's economic marketability. Quality of timber from a forest is an interaction of site, silviculture and species. ...
M.I. Sheikh
...tnericana cv. 1-214, aged 10 years, were measured from Changa Manga plantation as old trees of this clone were not available in the Peshawar area. ...
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...g to increase bee pasturage....
S.M. Chughtai, Abdus Sadiq and Sardar Hussain Shah
...tundus....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ring from a chronic shortage of wood. Most of the indigenous species are rather slow growing and take a long time to mature. The existing deficiencies can only be met through planting of local and exotic fast growing tree species such as poplars and willows in climatically suitable areas. Exotic poplars were, therefore, introduced in late fifties. Over a period of time techniques of scientific production of nursery stock and field planting have been de...
M. Kamaluddin and M. K. Bhuiyan
...f plants was 96%. At the age of 5 years the plants attained an average height of 11,54 m with an average diameter (dbh) of 11.64 cm. The yield of fuel wood including bark and branches was 139,1 t/ha 12% moisture content. The results show a good prospect in raising fuel wood plantation of the province in rural waste and marginal land on a rotation of 5 years....
M. A. Latif, S. A. Khan and M. K. Bhuiyan
... planted in 1979. At the age of 4 and half years the trees attained an average height of 10.3 m with 10.4 cm diameter at breast height. The growth rate is comparable to that of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and better then that of Pinus caribaea and Swietenia macrophylla which were planted simultaneously. The species, therefore, shows great promise for afforfestation in Bangladesh and further trial plantation...
M. I. Shiekh, S. H. Bangash and S. Hasan Abbas
...> (deodar) of different ages were under taken at different planting sites in Azad Kashmir during 1979. The effect alone or in combinations, measured for diameter and height growth and Foliar nutrient composition was recorded during 1979-82. At Sharda, the analysis of height measurements recorded in 1981 gave a significant response to NPK combined treatment whereas over all diameter and height growth from 1979--82was not affected. Also the diameter and...
Mohammad Noor
...cantly more air-dried forage (2139 kg/ ha) while in May, 1979 Medicago sativa (Viuta) produced significantly more air-dried forage (1516 kg/ha) as compared with other forage species. The two ecotypes of Festuca elatior did not show any significant difference in the air-dried forage production between themselves. Phalaris tuberose
Wulf Killmann
...ity for the product envisaged....
Abdur Rashid Tariq and Haji Moosa A. Tayab
...0 hectares under various agencies. The Forestry Department, besides raising pastures on project scale, also initiated a study to test the adaptability of Pioneer Rhodes grass to irrigation water having higher levels of salinity. The study was laid on to various soil types available in the region. Observations on the response of Pioneer Rhodes grass to various soil and water quality classes were recorded for two year. During this period a total of nine harvests...
S. M. Chughtai, Abdus Sadiq and S. Zahir Shah
... ferruginea and Sageretia thea var. brandrethiana; but none of them is perpetual. The area is much disturbed biotic ally and A. modesta seems to be the prime target of fuel hunters. ...
Review by A. R. Beg, Forest Botanist, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar
...inally in different languages, and appearing in Forestry Abstracts and other CAB Journals during 1978-82. The abstracts, which are grouped into 12 subject headings, include among other aspects, anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, ecology, diseases and pests, silviculture, management, properties and multifarious uses as well as author's index....
K. M. Siddiqui
... pine trees of different age groups were described in the earlier articles in this series. These studies indicated the superiority of 36-45 year old trees for pulp manufacture. Therefore, 200 trees of this age were procured for pilot scale pulping and paper making tests. Approximately 41.5 tons of chir pine wood in green condition was chipped on multiple knife chippers with 0.7, 1.5, 95.0 and 2.8% production of knots, overs...
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque
..., wildlife and forest management develops fears and hesitations in adopting it as a tool, will gradually diminish....
Salahuddin Ahmad
...we can combine and encourage, by thoughtful selection of nectar-producing plants for the chief object which could be wood or landscaping and thus a honey crop would be harvested as a bye-product. ...
Wulf Killmann
...fers a considerable shortage of wood and wood products. The majority of the timber consumed goes into firewood (an estimated 16.6 million m3 per year). Of the registered annual consumption of 2.033 million m3 timber and timber products about 50% is imported. In some fields of timber utilization chipboard can be of help to ease the pressure on local timber resources and foreign exchange of imports especially in furniture and interior wood...
Jaleel A. Khan and K.M. Siddiqui
...results are given as average values, their standard deviation and co-efficient of variation as well as the range of observations for different properties. On the basis of the strength properties, Tamarix aphylla could be classed as a fairly hard and heavy timber which is suitable for a number of uses including constructional work....
M. Aliul Hassnain Fatime and S. Hasan Abbas
...i>) forms a small percentage of the coniferous forest and has also a close relationship with fir in height and form for the same diameter, it was considered advisable to prepare volume table for fir and extend the same to spruce. ...
K.M. Siddiqui
...hir pine trees of three age groups. In laboratory tests trees of 36 - 45 years age gave maximum pulp yield. However, hand sheets prepared from the pulp of 26 - 35 years-old trees had higher breaking length and burst strength and lower tear strength than those of 36 - 45 years and higher age groups. The bleach response of pulps made from the three groups was almost identical and pulp...
M. Ismail Chaudhry
...) and Azad Kashmir and avaged large areas during 1980 killing tens thousands trees of all ages by complete defoliation. Having an annual life cycle the pest hibernates as pupae in the soil, emerging in May/June as adult moths and veraciously devouring blue pine needles from July to October. ...
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...n important estrogenic agent used for the treatment of millennia. The bulk of oil is used in medicine, perfumery, soap and other toilet articles. The distilled water of aniseed is also used by Hakims as carminative to relieve flatulence and for the successive control of cholera. In certain European countries the young leaves and shoots of the plant are used as garnish and for flavouring salad. Pakistan is importing aniseed and essential oil from Iran ...
M.I. Sheikh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...y in the survival percentage as well as the average height of survived plants. The irrigation frequencies had a differential effect on the biomass production of leucaenea and the height of trees but not on their survival percentage. Leucaenea leucocephala, had a much more survival, height and biomass than all other species. Robinia did not do well under low or no irrigation a...
M.I. Sheikh and Abdul Aleem
...ad. Yellowing of its foliage and subsequent death caused considerable alarm in the nation's capital. A study was started in 16 and 6 year old blocks to find out if irrigation, spray with dieldrin and use of N.P. could improve the situation. The study was maintained for five years and was assessed recently. It was found that fertilizers improved the growth of 16 year old plants and hence resistance to the disease but none of the three treatments had any...
Mohammad Noor
...ced maximum air-dried forage in April, 1979 . Trifolium hybridum and Trifolium incarnatum produced significantly more air dried forage (2200 kg/ha and 2160 kg/ha) as compared with Trifolium pratense,(1007 kg/ha). There was no significant difference in forage production between Trifolium hybridum and Trifolium incarmatum. None of clovers showed any ...
M.I. Sheikh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...of forestry and Range Management in the district of Chitral, and offers suggestions for improvement. The composition, functions and exploitation situation of the forests along with remedial measures are described. The demands of local people on the forests, status of demarcation and settlement of rights, damage being cone to the forests, are given. The objectives of management of th...
Anjum Amin and Raja Mohammad Ashfaq
...f the most important forage species occurring in these valleys but also suggest the best use of these species in the correct season of grazing. Productivity and phonological studies involved important forage species such as Dactylis glomerata, Festuca elatior, Festuca arundinacea, Phalaris tuberose. Sorghum helepense, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens and Vicia spp....
M.I. Sheikh
...ularly ploughed. The average height and diameter after three years Were 5.85 m, 4.3 cm for the control plots, these were 7.71 and 5.6 cm for the ploughed plots. Necessity of soil cultivation in poplar plantations is therefore quite evident and we should not expect normal growth if soil cultivation requirements of poplars are not kept in view....
M. I. Shiekh and B. H. Shah
...ase the survival percentage and growth rate of both the tree species. ...
R. W. Hussain and S. Hasan Abbas
... be 427cft for a crop of age ranging from 6 to 8 years with the assumption that 700 trees per acre of the species were available at the above age i.e. planting was done with a spacing of 10″ x 6″ and no thinning was done and only 26 trees were lost on account of mortality or other factors. Under proper management the actual number of trees constituting main crop at the above
K.M. Siddiqui
...amine the effect of tree age and the presence of resin in Chir pine wood on its pulping characteristics. Physical, anatomical and chemical properties of wood samples from 15 trees of three age groups were determined in the standard manner. Considerable variation was observed within individual trees as well as between trees of different age groups in moisture content, bark percent, l...
M. I. Shiekh
...en found that the percentage of filled seed decreases as the berries mature; large number of seeds are empty because there is no embryo formed; the seed is eaten by inset; there is high tree to tree and locality to locality variation in the percentage of filled seed. Scarification with H2SO4 for various periods (5 min. - 60 min.) and stratification at 5°C for 90-120 days, keeping in boiling water and...
M. N. Malik and M.I. Sheikh
...ctors of land and its management. In Pakistan, being an arid/semi-arid land, and the vast plains of Indus Basin and its tributaries allowing irrigational network, the supplemental irrigation has in due course of time brought forth with intensive culture in piecemeal form patches of salt-affected soil and placement of water table at zone affecting culture of common agricultural crops and tree plants. This menace of land was realized even long before the creati...
Parvez Khawaja, I.A. Hafiz and M. I. Chaudhry
...ed against the larval stages of the pest. The fungus displayed its pathogenecity by killing 72.5-97.5% larvae in various treatments as against 50% natural mortality in check treatment. The method can safely be used against the pest on larges scale....
M.I. Sheikh, B. H. Shah and A. Aleem
...In deep planting the average height of plants was 76 cm and in shallow planting it was 60 cm. A. tortilis showed better rate of growth as the average height gained by the plants during the period was 102 cm at both depths. While average height of T.undulata and A. aneura were 54 cm and 49 cm respectively. ...
Anjum Amin and Raja Mohammad Ashfaque
...ea cuspidate and Sageretia brandrethiana....
S. Hasan Abbas
...n to decide about the management practices for this tree, an attempt was made to study the growth of clone PxE cv-I-214 through stem analysis.

Five trees, selected at random, out of 30 in a demonstration plot in Pakistan Forest Institute, were analysed according to procedure given in the Silvicultural Research Code Vol 3 by A.L. Griffith and Jagdamba Prasad (1949)....

Sultan Maqsood Khan and Raja Muhammad Zarif
...to grass seeding the average forage yield had increased from 45 kg/ha a tremendous increase, increasing the carrying capacity of this rangeland from about 23 to only 0.5 hectares/Animal Unit/year. This shows that at present level of livestock management the production of livestock and livestock products can be increased about 40 times by simply seeding these areas with Cenhrus ciliaris<...
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
... 1200 meters with an average rainfall of about 600 mm. Soil is mainly formed of shale and sandstone with a moderate amount of organic matter suitable for plant growth. Pinus roxburghii forms the major overhead storey with shrubs Myrsine africana, Berberis lycium, Indigofera spp. as understorey. The ground flora is occupied by grasses like Digitaria spp., Agrostis gigantea, Agropyron dentatum, Cymbopogon spp., Eleusine compressa,...
M.I. Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
...the final felling at the age of 20-22 years.

In order to find out the effect of spacing on the pattern of growth, a study was laid out in the Pakistan Forest Institute Research Garden in January, 1978....

Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...tion. Subsequently all stages of the pest are met with from February to November. The peak population of the pest was observed in April and again in September/October when the atmospheric maximum normal temperature and average relative humidity fanged between 300 C to 350 C and 70 to 75 % respectively. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Muhammad Rafique
...fect of light, shade and age on survival of transplanted seedlings. Both major and minor treatments were found non-significant. However, seedlings placed in open showed better growth and form....
Pazir Gul and Fazli Wahid Khan
...live-stock feed on a cottage Industry level. It was also concluded that because of their high carbohydrate content they can be used for the preparation of alcohol by fermentation....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, B.H. Shah and A. Aleem
... as it induced on an average maximum runoff, 11.03 m3 per catchment plot, about 78.14% of total rainfall received by the catchment plot. The next better treatments are mudplaster (soil + cowdung). Polythene sheet cover and sodium carbonate spray which produced 10.43 m3, 10.36m3 and 9.99 m3 runoff respectively. While cement plaster, asphalt cover lime concretion cover mechanical stabilization and natural grass cover p...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...Institute, Peshawar (average rainfall 300 mm)....
Raja Walayat Hussain and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...be 235cft for a crop of age 6 years with the assumption that 700 trees per acre of the species were available at the above age, that is, planting was dine with a spacing of 10'x 6', no thinning was done up to the age of 6 years and only 26 trees were lost on account of mortality and other factors up to this age. This plantation was however n...
G. M. Khattak, Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Khaliq
...ed every year on the average. And the scarcity of firewood forces the rural people to use anything combustible as fuel - animal dung, agricultural waste, leaves and twigs. And in towns, firewood prices are generally out of the reach of the common man. This scarcity is likely to be exacerbated as gas reserves dwindle and oil generated thermal power becomes more expensive....
G. M. Khattak Dr. and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...d by topography and drainage. About one third of the area comprises bare rock. Over the rest the soil is shallow, light grey brown, gravelly clay loam with a surface covering of gravel. It is generally underlain by weathered limestone fragments followed by bed rock. The soils are highly calcareous, non-saline and moderately alkaline due to the presence of carbonates. Their organic matter content is negligible except for partially decayed humus under trees and ...
Adil Al-Kinany
...d the germination percentage but it also led to shortening the germination period of the species seed. This treatment excelled all others tested on this score.GA3 at a concentration of 200 ppm significantly enhanced the length of transplant roots, while P5 had no significant influence on all the characters observed. Similarly, CO2-gas exchange level of transplants was found to be of the same magnitude in different treatments....
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ree species at seeding stage, a study was conducted in Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar during 1980. Data indicate that the Greenzit nutrient solution significantly increases the height growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Juniperus excelsa and Pinus reoxburghii seedlings. However, there seems to be no positive response of the nutrient on diameter of species under study....
Mohammad Noor
...m green and air dried forage in April 1978. There was no significant difference of forage production amongst the Medicago spp. and Vicia spp. Forage production of grasses was significantly more as compared to Medicago spp. and Vicia spp. However, Festuca arundinacea (70), Loium perenne (334) and Lolium multiflorum (191) did not show any sig...
K.M. Siddiqui and Mohammad Pervez
...s of studies on seed storage and germination of Himalayan blue pine. The effects of seed storage and germination temperatures and stratification, insecticidal and fungicidal treatments on germination of blue pine seed were determined for different seed sources of this species in these studies. It was observed that the viability of blue pine seed is significantly reduced within short period if it is stored at high tem...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...mid zone at Balakot village of Mansehra District. Nitrogen and phosphorus mixture doubled total forage and grass production and many times increased the production of desirable species, undesirable species, Chrysopogon aucheri and Cymbopogon martini. However, both nitrogen and phosphorus, when applied separately had no effect on the production of total forage, grass, any pal...
S. M. A. Shah, A. Razzaq and M. T. Younis
...urces at the flowering stage and the other at various stages of maturity had earlier been studied for a number of physical characteristics (14). The series were now investigated for major chemical characteristics. Their hollocellulose, a-cellulose, lignin, pentosan and contents were determined. Also, losses due to alcohol-benzene solubility, a-hydrolysis, B-hydrolysis and acid purification were examined in these samples....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...sand tones of air dry forage annually against the present production of only 547 thousand tones from cropland, rangeland and forests combined. The production of Shaftal can be increased by 90 thousand tones if the local variety is replaced with improved variety and fertilized. Planting of summer legumes in 10 per cant of the cultivated land and alfalfa under apple trees can increase the forage production by 772 and 40...
Relph R. Stewart
...alpindi to collect stone age artifacts from the Soan River terraces near Morgah and to collect fossil bones from the Salt Range. He invited me to go to an area near Gulmarg, Kashmir on the north slope of the Pir Panjal Range where he had learned that there were fossil leaves in the clay of an ancient lake or lakes near a place called Laredura at c. 1875 m. and Dangarpur c. 2031 m. of altitude. I had never collected plant fossils and was glad to be able to go w...
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...n combination on the foliage yield and nutritive of Japanese mulberry, it has been found that 200 kg N per hectare increased the foliage yield by 85% as compared to control, significant at 1% level. However, none of the fertilizers affected the crude protein content of the leaves....
Mohammad Ayaz
...g 1-5 seeds, with an average of about 3 seeds per berry. Average width of the seeds is 3.3 mm and average length 4.9. Each seed is roughly conical with a broad base and tapering towards the micropyler end, slightly curved and slightly three angled. In case of 5 seeds per berry the central seed is straight and four angled. Colour of the seeds is brown to blackish brown with broader ...
Adil Al-Kinany
...ased the survival percentage of the rooted cuttings of Populus alba, while IBA up to 200 ppm had a significant effect in terms of increasing the number of branches and leaves, and fresh and dry weight of stems as well as roots. The experimental results of Populus tremula cuttings indicated that there are bright prospects of boosting their rooting and survival percentage by using higher concentrations tha...
M Shabir Baig, M. Akram and M. Amjad Hassan
...d together into range management units have different capabilities and capacities for forage and livestock production and therefore requiring different management practices. Two maps, each showing the distribution and extent of physiographic units and range management units, have been prepared on a scale 1:1,000,000. ...
Mohammad Amjad and Iqbal Mohammad
...out manually. Annual average timber consumption based on the data for the past 5 years is 19,000 m3. Mulberry and willow account for 66% of timber consumption. 50% of mulberry is obtained from the state owned irrigated plantation of the Punjab. The entire supplies of willow come from the form lands of Peshawar district. Current export earnings from all sports goods are Rs.199 million; from wooden sports goods Rs.105 million. The export earnings hav...
Abdul Aleem
... years record, the average annual rainfall of Gilgit and Skardu is 130 and 160 mm respectively (App.1). Most of the area is mountainous and is used for grazing. Agriculture is confined to about 10% of the area, in the narrow valleys. Land holdings are very small, about 0.1 to 0.4 ha. The main crops grown are cereals which supply about half the food grain requirement of the tract. Apricot, almond, peach, mulberry, pomegranate, and grapes a...
K.M. Siddiqui and Altaf Hussain
...s at Peshawar at the age of 10 years. Significant differences of survival and height and diameter growth of different species are reported. In addition to commonly planted species of Eucalyptus, other species have also shown promising growth in this study. ...
G. M. Baloch and M. A. Ghani
..., tea. rubber, fruit, forage, park and many other broad-leaved trees (Mushtaque and Baloch, 1979). The dwarf mistletoes, Arceuthobium spp., attack coniferous forest trees (e.g., pines, fir, spruce, junipers, larch) while Viscuni spp. infest deciduous trees in parks, boulevard plantings, natural forests and orchards (e.g., olives, apples, almonds, cherries) (Gill and Hawksworth, 1961). Witchweeds, Striga spp., mostly dam<...
Abdul Aziz Khan
...tritive value of some forages preferred by Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Changa Manga Forest Plantation, has been estimated by chemical means and compared with that of Cenchrus ciliaris. The forages examined were generally found capable of supplying sufficient quantities of digestible fats and proteins to the animal....
Shahida Parveen and Zakaullah
...ses to the crop. The average loss due to the disease was estimated to be 20%....
Khial Badshah and Zakaullah
...rfumery and various beverages. Cultivation of the crop is being tried at Peshawar. The literature on the diseases of the crop was. therefore, reviewed.

Kvarts Khava (1958) carried out studies on the infectious wilting (Fusariosis) in basil. The plants in the nursery were found severely attacked by a species of Fusarium causing longitudinal stripes on the stem and chlorotic spots on leaves which wilt and fall prematuiely. The pathogen...

Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...estern aspects as an average population per tree on these aspects, respectively, was 1484, 1168 and 1031 with corresponding defoliations. Population per tree on northern aspects was 506 with medium defoliation while in most shady places and deep nullahs defoliation was either light or negligible with lowest population (208 per tree). An average population of 1788,794, 571and 208 larvae per tree, respectively caused complete,...
Zakaullah and Shahida Perveen
...on 5 varieties under storage conditions in Peshawar in 1978.The average incidence of rot was 90%among all the varieties. Fusarium exysporum was found to be the most prevalent and destructive pathogen on stored bulbs....
Abdul Aleem and M. Noor
...ed significantly more forage as compared to monthly and bimonthly (Napier hybrid bajra) and 1-1/2 monthly and bimonthly (Vicia sativa) harvests (0.05 levels). Highly significant (0.01) results were obtained in case of fortnightly (Napier hybrid bajra) and monthly (Vicea sativa) harvests as compared to final harvests....
Bashir Hussain Shah, Hanif Gul and M. I. Chaudhry
...other biological control agents or the environment....
G. M. Khattak
... be abandoned due to damage by cattle.

Sir William Schlich, Conservator of Forests Bengal, visited these forests in 1875 and found that the hill tribesmen were free to cut and burn where they liked. A permit was required for exporting timber from the Hill Tracts and duty was collected on this timber at the toll stations which have already been mentioned. Schlich recommended the formation of two categories....

Mussarrat N. Ali, Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...other biological control agents or the environment. ...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...ns, known as damaging agents to the crop. Besides, 50 to 90% of stored seed rhizomes are destroyed by the destructive pathogens if untreated....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...nn. rainfall 380 mm, average maximum and minimum temperatures 18.3°C and 4.1°C respectively, a study was started in May, 1976 using Cupressus arizonica as the test species. The method involves supply of water direct to the plant roots through sub-surface irrigation. Since there would be no loss of water due to evaporation or seepage, the plants are supplied with a quantity just sufficient for their survival and ...
G. M. Khattak, M. I. Sheikh and S. H. Bangesh
... the fresh weight of foliage produced by mulberry at the close of the growing season, and its crude protein content. The objective was to increase the quantity and quality of feed for silkworms....
Abdul Aziz Khan and M. Jamil Khan
...arative studies of shrinkage temperature, tensile strength and elongation of resultant leather indicate that chir pine solids produce somewhat better leather as compared to that obtained by tanning with mimosa solids. It is concluded that chir pine bark solids can be successfully utilized for commercial production of light as well as heavy leather of desired qualities....
R. H. Jafri Dr., K.M. Saleem, R. Iqbal and Qaisra Fazal
...ied as one of the causal agents responsible for the death of millions of silkworm larvae in Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Histopathological studies showed that the nuclei of adipose tissues, tracheal membrane, dermal cells and blood cells developed polyhedral bodies within a week after infection. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus multiplied rapidly and finally occupied the whole cell. Due to rapid increase in number of nuclear polyhedrosis virus, the cells and finally a...
M. I. R. Khan
...ropical climate. The average annual rainfall of Abu Dhabi is hardly 40 mm with most of the precipitation falling in winter months. A considerable amount of moisture condenses on the ground and vegetation in the form of dew. The atmospheric humidity is very high especially in the coastal belt throughout the year on account of the close proximity of the Gulf. From May to October temperatures range between 35°C to over 50°C in the middle of the day and ...
E. B. Glennie and Raja Walyat Hussain
... (0.24 hectares) and the age of the plots ranged from 12 years to 72 years....
Zakaullah
...icated between decay and age of the tree. Decay volume percent was higher on northern as compared to southern aspects. Mechanical basal injuries and dead branch stubs were the important infection courts for the decay pathogens....
Mohammad Noor
...e year of protection. Forage production increased three fold. The increase was due both forbs and grasses. The percent cover of grasses and forbs also increased. The percent cover of Agrostis gigantea and Potentilla sibbaldia increased significantly inside whereas Poa alpina was more outside the exclosure. The later reacted as increaser in the area open to grazing. Agrostis gigantea and Potentilla sibbaldia reacted as decreas...
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Zainul Arifeen
...to determine the optimum age to which the plant should be grown, economical method of cultivation and effect of different fertilizers on the .yield of Dioscorea deltoidea rhizomes at Sharan in their natural habitat. Data collected revealed that there is significant increase in the weight of rhizomes with increase in the duration of time (number year). Soil working and application of NP135 kg per hectare gave higher yield as compared to control. Interim ...
Mohammad Noor
...The percent cover and forage production of Trifolium pretense and Vicia sativa was significantly greater in October 1977, compared to other species. The difference in the number of plants of species established did not show any significance. ...
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Munawar Sultana and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...nd planted after the storage period. Two months storage period gave significantly high (at 5%level) sprouting as compared to one month storage. Planting of full size rhizomes were tested against rhizome pieces (5, 7.5 and 10 cm). though full rhizomes gave significantly higher sprouts, planting 5 cm pieces with one or two buds each would give a higher total number of plants. At Dungagali Ju...
Abeedullah Jan
...ruling classes through ages had depleted the forest resource to less than 10% at the time of liberation in 1949. China lias made tremendous strides in all fields including forestry after liberation. Self reliance and hard struggle are the key stones of China�s success in Agriculture and Industry. The people are deriving strength and aspiration from the teachings of their great leader, Chairman Mao such as:...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... to suit the existing management and silvicultural requirements of chir forests in Pakistan. Only one stimulant i.e., H2SO4, 40% and 50% in solution form was used and compared with the French method (control). The major change was that the annual face width was not kept equal to diameter of tree but only 15cm. In the experiment, also 40% sulphuric acid solution gave the best result, the average yield ...
M.A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
... al., 1965). The average number of juniper trees per hectare have been estimated at hardly twenty eight (Khattak, 1976) and Caragana ambigua and Pervoskia abrotenoides are amongst the most frequent of the shrubs. Caragana is a medium sized bush growing on gritty sites while Pervoskia is a herb with bulbous thick tap root, lush green and a dominant colonizer of river beds and leaves (Zellar and Beg, 1969)....
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Wali-ur-Rehman
... 3 to10 days with an average of 7 days. Females remain in the pupal shell inside the bags and are impregnated by males by inserting their long abdomen through posterior aperture of the bag. Oviposition takes lace from end of may to middle of July with an average fecundity of 1764 eggs ranging from 600 to 3900 per female. Larvae after hatching disperse and construct their bags by uniting small bits of bark of twigs and pass ...
Raja Walayat Hussain
...situations. In forest management it finds its use in financial control of forest operations, for estimating and controlling forest production, for allocation of resources and for planning and control of new planting programs. In information management it finds its application in maintaining upto- date records of long range experiments and files of employees. Different decision making techniques such as linear programming si...
Moinuddin Ahmad, Asrar Hussain and Tariq Hussain
...y of Karachi. Various stage of their life cycle were studied under field and laboratory conditions inflorescence development period, an thesis time, number of sterile and normal florets per inflorescence were determined, and pollen grain fertility, pollen grain germination and viability and seed germination tests were carried out. Mean size, shape and weight of seed and % seed were also determined. Eleven species of various grasses including the above...
Mohammad Amjad
...tions of the labour engaged on Cultural operations and on the maintenance of the Pakistan Forest Institute grounds in August, 1976. 114 workers were employed on 20-8-76; 63 regular, 51 casual. As the number was not large a simple random sample comprising 25 workers was drawn, 13 regular and 12 casual. The workers were interviewed by the investigators. The objective of the investigation and the questions were explained to them in their l...
Abdul Aleem
...1.2 was observed. Percentage of younger age gradations in the population was more except one year and 2-year-age classes which indicated mortality in the previous 2 years. Kid/female ratio in various age gradations showed that the reproductive activity was less in younger age classes. Twinning was a rule in females mo...
M. A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
...ches. But this causes damage to the host. To develop new methods of control efforts are being made all over the world to collect basic physiological information about the host-parasite relationship. The present investigation is in the same direction and aims to explore the diurnal fluctuations in water balance parameters of this mistletoe in relation to those of its host, under natural conditions. ...
S. Maqsood Khan
...lots were studied for forage production, frequency and surface features inside the exclosure and equal number outside. Trees cover; forage yield and frequency of grasses, and frequency of more palatable shrubs was higher in the exclosure than in the open. All the species recorded in the grazed area were also found inside the exclosure, but with lower forage yield and frequency, while some ...
Amjad Mahmood Chima
...but susceptibility to damage by nematodes varied. The quality and durability of blooms was good in all varieties except one variety of daffodils. Varieties resistant to nematode attack differed in their multiplication rates....
Abdul Aleem
...absence of scientific management and emphasised the need of surveys to determine the status of all wild animals, starting with those on the danger list: Cheetah, wild ass, Marco Polo's sheep, Suleiman markhor; great Indian bustard, western horned tragopan, snow leopard, Baluchistan bear, goitered gazelle, gavial and some waterfowl e.g., swans, marbled teal etc....
Zakaullah
...meters from the Mana village. The parasite was extending east-ward. The incidence of infection was 24% for all the study trees within 1.6 km of the ridge. The highest incidence of infection was in trees growing on the ridge. The incidence decreased as the distance from the ridge increased....
S. Maqsood Khan
...t. Due to closure the forage production increased about three fold. The increase was due both to increase in grass and forbs. No appreciable difference was found in the frequency of grasses or forbs of desirable, intermediate or undesirable species due to closure....
Abdul Aleem
...categorized according to age and sex and herd composition was studied. Other associated wildlife in the area was described. Vegetation and the animal habitat were studied. Forage production and carrying capacity of the range were also determined....
M.Iqbal Ahmad, I. A. Hafiz and M. Ismail Chaudhry
... poplar stems. On an average a female lays 156 eggs with a maximum of 231 eggs at 22 to 240C and a minimum of 22 eggs at 150C under laboratory conditions. Yellowish white grubs, 5.4 mm long hatch after 10 to22 days and start eating out galleries just beneath the bark. Older grubs make 2 to 7 cm broad and 19.3 cm long galleries deep into the stem. Full grown grubs 5.6 cm long transform to 3.6 cm long whitish yellow pupae after preparing pupal chambers. It compl...
Taj Ali Wazir and S. M. A. Shah
...urces at the flowering stage (July), and the other from Peshawar at various stages of maturity, were examined for a number of physical characteristics. A number of different methods of retting were investigated to get at the optimum procedure. The anatomical characteristics, length, diameter and ratio of length to diameter of the ultimate fibers were evaluated. The effects of stage of harv...
Mian Mohammad Muslim
...75. The cocooning percentage (86) and cocoon shell ratio (20%) were found to be satisfactory...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...ht, corresponding to the age of about 180years....
G. M. Khattak and Abdul Aleem
...respectively (annual average 377mm). On 5-1-1977 the survival of E. camaldulensis was 97% against 52 for Z. mauritiana and 53 for C. siliqua. The mean height of E. camaldulensis was 5m and mean diameter 5cm....
Faqir Mohammad Khan
...to the needs of sound management of these watersheds and for the preparation of management plans for proper working of the forests situated therein. The project covers one of the most difficult and inaccessible areas of the world. Altitudes vary from about 500 meters to well over 7000 meters above mean sea level. Communication is poor and the area remains covered either with snow or with clouds for most pat of the year. Thus...
Naseer Hussain and R. E. Pfadt
...tern wheatgrass. The average C.I. the male grasshoppers fed on crested wheatgrass and western wheatgrass were calculated to be 0.9977 and 1.1094, respectively. Among the females those feeding on crested wheatgrass a C.I. of 1.0006 were recorded compared to 1.1733 on western wheatgrass. During this period the average G.R. of male grasshopper was 0.0848 on crested wheatgrass and 0.0813 on western wheatgrass. Female grasshopper...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
... the Punjab have been managed under the two storeyed high forest system with an understorey of shisham and mulberry and an overstorey of shisham standards. The lower storey has been managed on a rotation of 16 to 22 years at different times. Shisham standards have been retained for three rotations. Yield is regulated by areas without allowing for variation in site quality.
The Sind plantations are still in their format...
Naseer Hussain and R. E. Pfadt
...from the first nymphal stage to the final instar on the leaves of crested wheat grass and western wheatgrass. The average efficiency of Conversion of Ingested Food to Body Substance (E.C.Ia of the male grass-hoppers fed on crested wheatgrass was found to be 8.50 percent compared to J 33% for those fed on western wheatgrass. The highest, 9A2 percent, occurred among the females fed on crested whea...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...on system since their management was initiated in 1900. The uniform system was briefly tried in Galis (1924 to 1939) and Upper Siran (1927 to 1954) but could not be made to work under the conditions then prevailing. Currently all these forests are being worked under the selection system as applied to Pakistan (Champion, Seth and Khattak, 1965). Yield has been prescribed in a variety of ways: (1) by number of trees = total number o f exploitable trees divided b...
M. B. Shrivastava and B. Ulrich
...n deciding the forest management operations and putting priorities on afforestations....
M. Ismail Chaudhry, Bashir Hussain Shah and Hanif Gul
...d during winter. The average duration of pre-oviposition, incubation, larvae and pupae were 2.3, 3.95, 3.6, 22.16, and 10.54 days, respectively. In usceptibility test of A. ypsilon and A. segetum to G. V. from Denmark conducted in laboratory, 100% mortality of both species was observed due to virus infection while 62% and 63% larvae of A. segetum and A. ypsilon. Pupated successfully in check treatment....
Abdul Aleem
... of 225 consisted of all age classes but with lower male/female and the young per female ratios. The percentage of yearling and the young in the population suggested a normal population on the increase. Feeding habits and food plants preferred by the animal were observed and the results of the analysis for nutritional contents of food plants have been reported. ...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...n congested crops....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Altaf Ahmad
...Taxonomy. In the present age because of synthetic products some of the medicinal plants have lost their old value but still a considerable number of drugs mentioned in the formularies are manufactured from plants. A casual look on the national formulary booklet confirms this statement.
Pakistan is importing crude extract of drug plants from developed countries, although these medicinal plants are available in our country. Plants like Dioscorea deltoi...
F. H. Shah, M. H. Sedi and B. A. Nadeem
...nutritive value. Percentage of total and extractable proteins was maximum in the first regrowth harvested at one month interval. It then decreased with an increase in age of the crop. Maceration of the grasses with water after pulping increased the extractability of protein up to 183%. The yield of the extractable protein/per hectare/per year was up to 502 kg. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Aleem
...and very little percentage is actually covered with vegetation....
Bashir Hussain Shah and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...antation in Watershed Management Project area at Garhi Habibullah, Distt. Hazara. Nine genera of ectoparasitic nematodes and some free living nematodes were also recovered. The percentage of the plant parasitic nematodes of the genera, Rotylenchus Paratylenchus Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus was quite high amongist the parasitic nematodes extracted from the soil and samples of Eucalyptus saplings at Chich...
M.Ismail Chaudhry and Bashir Hussain Shah
... To overcome this shortage in the country fast growing tree species like poplars and eucalyptus are being introduced. Poplar wood is very useful for paper-pulp, match and plywood industries. With the separation of East Pakistan where most of the match and paper industries were situated, the country is facing a grave situation. A huge amount of foreign exchange is being spent on import of these products and the government is planning to ...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...ration with Watershed Management Project of WAPDA in Missa Research Plot of Rawalpindi district since February,1973. On the basis of 1-1/2 years' observations on establishment, vigour, longevity and forage yield of these introductions, seven ecotypes of Bothriochloa pertusa, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Dicanthium annulatum and Panicum antidotale have been considered successful. The study is still i...
Syed Rashid Ali
... a stream of Palosee Village has been determined by number and canals in Islamia Collage Campus, Forest Institute and Lakerhay Village has been determined by number and weight per unit area in Spring Season. The gut contents of the fishes of these water bodies were also studied and it was found that 80 percent fishes live in bottom fauna. ...
Abdul Aziz Khan
...ves and cows in milk....
Bahadur Ali Khan
...no useful purpose but damage. In 1968-69 a team of 14 watershed officers including seven foreign experts visited Northern Area Watershed. I asked a foreign expert to express his opinion about Watershed Management in Northern Areas, he looked at the bleak mountains and remarked: Nothing can be done, let the nature take its Couise. During the current year, the present Government which is giving top priority to...
Javed Ahmad
...ectares in the Kotri Barrage area of Sind from 1958 to 1973%. In only about 50% of the area could a crop exceeding 50% stocking be got established. Future performance can be improved if the trench system is replaced by flood system of irrigation, and due care is given to ploughing and leveling of the land either by tractors or through forest lessees settled in the land with suitable incentives. ...
Ali Akbar Khan
...ess the accuracy and average deviation percent of prism sampling vis-a-vis total enumeration in the mixed temperate coniferous forests, seven compartments (390 hectares) of varying density, varying slope and species composition of Kaghan Reserved Forests, were sampled, by prism of B.A.F. 20 and also enumerated totally. This paper is confined to the discussion of conifers only. The deviation of Basal Area varies from 13 to 29%for different compartments....
Jalal-ud-Din and M. Farooq
...of arid climate and shortage of irrigation water the problematic soils could better be used for original flora or drought/salt resistant tree species. If, however, sufficient water is made available for intensive forestry, the reclamation of saline-sodic soils could be undertaken by using gypsum and growing high delta crops. The dense soil mass could be improved by subsoiling and green manuring. The sand dunes cannot be brought under irrigated plantation. The...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...
Cultivation and management techniques of poplars, conifers, Eucalypts and willows as practiced in Italy, have been discussed in this paper. Whereas, the multifarious research problems are being attended to by the institutes especially established for the purpose under the patronage of an autonomous body (E.N.C.C.), the farmers are making full use of the recommendations of experts by putting large areas under fast g...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Iqbal Ahmad
... single female on an average lays 163.5 eggs with a range of 71 to 264 eggs per female. The oviposition period varied from 3-5 days. Incubation period varied from 3 to 9 days. Larvae just after hatching start stitching leaves and feed inside. The larval during duration lasts for 9 to 24 days during which they pass through 5-6 larval instars. Pupation takes place within the stitched leaves, in cracks and crevices on the bark and under leaves attached to...
Raja Walayat Hussain and lshtiaq Ahmad Qazi
...r yield is a function of age, stand density and site quality. Foresters working in the field require data on site quality as a measure of productivity to aid in planning and management. Site quality, being the net result of the complex interaction of environmental factors finds its expression in the volume increment of the stands supported by the area. An easier and quicker index for ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ifarious and pressing engagements. Your presence at this function provides encouragement and feeling of elation to the forestry service in general, and to the students, staff and officers of this Institute in particular....
Raja Walayat Hussain and Ishtiaq Ahmad Qazi
...complex interaction of age, site and stand density (17). Other factors kept constant the last one being a function of number of trees, their size and their spatial distribution affects the growth rate of the stand (5). Stand density can be expressed in terms of tree material measurable through volume, basal area, number of trees, or crown closure (11). Of all these, the basal area has been considered the best measure of stand density on account of its e...
Ali Asghar Khan
...
The conservative management system applied to the coniferous forests results in stagnation of growth and loss of capital. Suggestions for the application of intensive management system are given....
Mohammad Shahid
...cts attack, nor their damage was being realised as much as it is today, except the occasional sporadic outbreaks of certain pests that damaged his crops heavily. These sporadic outbreaks occurred perhaps due to the biotic potential or intrinsic rate at which such insects reproduced in the absence of environmental checks. But this happended only occasionally. Often the environmental complex of conditions i.e. biological and p...
I. A. Qazi and Raja Walayat Hussain
...rast to their actual average stocking of about 3,200 cubic feet of species....
Anwar Masrur, PFS (I)
...ur, PFS (I) Watershed Management Specialist, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar.
Summary Kunhar is one of the main tributaries of river Jhelum and originates at a height of about 14,000 feet. The catchment known as Kaghan valley, has an area of 1011 square miles, of which, 988 square miles lie in Mansehra and Abbottabad tehsils of Hazara district and the remaining in Azad Kashmir. The total length of the valley is 80 aerial miles and ...
Dr. K. M. Salim and Gul Shahid
...es. There are other villages in the area, which are connected to one another by narrow and difficult paths, and by moderately good roads to Nowshera and Pabbi. The Cherat range lies in the Poor-Monsoon-Western type vegetation zone but because of its altitude and situation it is a mixture of Poor Monsoon Western type and Poor Mediterranean vegetation types. The annual precipitation is about 16 inches most of which is received during wi...
T. J. Roberts
...he limited available forage could best be utilized by a nomadic pastoral people and even today a major portion of the rural population appears to have retained these nomadic habits. In the main valleys a limited settlement with crop cultivation under irrigation appears to have been in existence for several hundred years. Such cultivation depended mainly upon the indigenous construction of subterranean percolation trenches or tunn...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...results at the nursery stage as well those of field planting are quite encouraging. ...
M. N. Malik, M. Jamil-ur-Rehman and M. Hafiz
...the needles of different age crop of Cedrus deodara were determined. The findings are tabulated and discussed. The roll of organic matter in the enrichment of soil-site and towards maintenance of nutrient balance is elaborated....
Raja Walayat Hussain and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...alakand division, Gilgit agency and Hazara district and one of its best avenues is seen on the road from Abbottabad to Mansehra. Very beautiful specimens of the species are also found in Gilgit agency specially towards Punyal and Yasin side where it attains huge dimensions and seems to be pyramidalis variety. When the trees attain a diameter between 5 inches to 10 inches at breast height these are felled by the farmer...
Ishtiaq Ahmad Qazi, Raja Walayat Hussain and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...ovince. The object of management was, in due course of time, modified to include timber production also. At present almost all the plantations are being managed with this combined objective irrespective of the fact whether the objects are realized separately (11) or collectively (1 to 5). ...

Ali Mohammed Obayes*, Zaid Salah Hussein 

...e positive with a percentage of 22.5 % positivity rate. Of the donkey (n = 80), a total of 4 cases were identified as positive for glanders with a percentage positive rate of 2.5 %. However, no significant variations (p <0.05) in glanders seropositivity were observed between different sex or age groups. These findings highlight alarming seropositivity in equines and warrant future inve...

Muhammad Ikram Ullah Malik1*, Aamir Saleem1, Lubna Ansari1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2

...rted sustainable land management and provides livestock farmers with a number of advantages. By enhancing the diet’s nutritional value, it was found that this variety also promotes the health and productivity of livestock. The comparison of incomes generated by all the components of the agro-silvopastoral system were done and it was found to be the best strategy to generate more income as the compared to the convention...

Anup Sarker1, Dibyendu Biswas1, Md. Fakruzzaman2, Gautam Kumar Deb3, S.M. Jahangir Hossain4, Md. Ashadul Alam2, M.A.M. Yahia Khandoker5, Ashit Kumar Paul1*

...t was found that the average rate of pregnancy was 46.6%. The rate pregnancy in group A (64.0%) was higher than that of other groups. However, among the AI, the rate of pregnancy in group C (44.0%) was comparatively higher than that of group B (32%). This study also found that the pregnancy rate had a significant (P<0.05) result on parity, reproductive health, and previous records of calving difficulties. It could be concluded that the use of a penis-like d...

Sundus Oun Ali Al-Zaini1, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati3*, Khazaal Abbas Khazaal2, Salma Talib Salih1

... combine the two vaccine agents, namely the virus and bacterial components, into a single product. Conclusion the study successfully developed and tested two liposomal vaccines for common carp, one against Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) and another against Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The vaccines were prepared using formalin-inactivated virus and bacteria and encapsulated in liposomes formulated using the thin film method. KHV vaccine: 45% protection against KHV inf...

Sura Ayed Radam*, Inam Badr Falih

...of lymphocyte and macrophage mainly in hepatic tissue of 3rd group with evidence of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in splenic tissue of 2nd group and periarteriolar, pericortical lymphoid hyperplasia were reported in spleen of 1st group immunized with Streptococcus pyogenes lyophilized antigen. Conclusion This study provide we can conclude that jointly of concanavalin-A and S.pyogenes antigen capable to enhance potential immune response butter than antigen alon...

Sony Eka Nugraha1*, Marianne Marianne2, Rony Abdi Syahputra2, Aji Najihudin3, Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka Jayani4, Shaum Shiyan5, Nabila Nabila6,7

...of anti-thrombocytopenic agents. Furthermore, an in silico study found that the main compound of C. papaya interacts with multiple amino acid residues, indicating stable binding affinity. Finally, it can be concluded that C. papaya has potential as an anti-thrombocytopenic agent.
 
Keywords | Carica papaya, Hematology, Heparin, in silico, in vivo, Thrombocytopenia
...

Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-Badry

...was given for rats by gavage. At the end of experiment period for each group, blood was collected and serum obtained in purpose of chemical examinations were included functions of kidney as (urea and creatinine) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP). After that, all rats were dissected then kidney and liver were eradicated for histopathological examinations. The results indicated to puma administration led to significant increase (P≤0.05) in urea and creatin...

Rabab Abd Alameer Naser1*, Sameer Ahmed Abid Al-Redah2, Enas S. Ahmed3, Fatimah S. Zghair2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy4

...azine and Ketamine. Esophageal sections (cranial, middle, and caudal) were collected for microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analysis. Compared to turkeys, ostriches lacked a distinct crop (second esophageal segment). In bothostriches” and “turkeys, the first esophageal segment was longer than the thoracic segment. Histologically, the esophagus in both species had...

Kremlin Mark B. Ampode

... (1185.40 grams) and average daily gain (38.01 grams) by day 28. Notably, no significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio, and groups with 3% and 5% OLM supplementation displayed no mortality. Additionally, OLM did not induce gut inflammation or the presence of undigested particles in the colon. Interestingly, the 3% OLM group also exhibited a significantly higher dressing percentage (68%), suggesting impro...

Danh Mo

...bata (L.) Hitch. as a forage for goats. Using twelve plots from a 48 m2 land area, the first experiment showed that the biomass of Wedelia in fresh and dry matter (DM) rose significantly (P<0.05) when harvesting at times from 3, 5, 7 to 9 weeks following planting and regeneration. With a yield of 22.4 tons/ha/year, the harvest period of 9 weeks had the best yield. Wedelia tends to lose nutritive value (P<0.05) when harvesting time increases (crude protei...

Amal Mohammed Ali Alah Al-Marmadhi*, Saadeya Ali lefelef Al-Gnami

...ifty mature female rats (aged 90 days and weighted 150±10 g) have been randomly assigned to 5 equal groups (10 each),control (C) group , T1,T2,T3 and T4 groups were drenched with thyroxine (300mg/kg of B.W for 28 days ) for hyperthyroidism induction, T2 was drenched with methimazole (2.5 mg/kg of B.W for 30 days), T3 was drenched with allicin nanoparticles (50 mg/kg of B.W for 30 days) and T4 was drenched with methimazole and allicin nanoparticles for 3...

Budi Santoso*, Bambang Tjahyono Hariadi, Marlyn Nelce Lekitoo

...d-based complete feed silage to assess the impact of a cellulase additive. In the complete randomized design experiment, six treatments (silage) were used: A, B, C, D, E, and F. Treatment A consisted of oil palm frond (40%), king grass (30%), cassava (10%), tofu waste (10%), molasses (7%), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant (3%), and cellulase 0 ml/kg. Treatment B comprised silage A + 3 ...

Syed Saqlain Hussain1*, Muhammad Rasheed2, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed2, Ghulam Jilani3, Muhammad Irfan4, Muhammad Kashif Aziz5, Fiaz Hussain1, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassar1 and Zuhair Hasnain2

...seedling establishment stages in a plant life. Moreover, the escape of crop from salt injury at these stages is direly needed. Melatonin is known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine with chemical formula melatonin as C13H16N2O2. It is a versatile molecule with the speciality to lessen salt stress on the plant. However, mechanism of melatonin which is involved in salt stress mitigation is still under inspection of plant scientist...

Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari

...entilation efficacy. Average indoor CO2 can be helpful to identify ventilation system performance. Data was gathered from 50 asthmatic homes with natural ventilation located throughout the nine administrative towns of Lahore, Pakistan. The levels of CO2, the rate of air change, and the rate of ventilation per person per second were all closely observed in each home. Using CO2, the ventilation rates were commuted using the tracer gas approach. The CO2 monitor w...

Jan Muhammad1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2

...aquatic weeds’ average densities and velocities of water flow were recorded for six months for every fifteen days. The water flow velocities were measured at each incrustation at depths of 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8 meters, and the channel’s width was divided into intervals of 0.5 meters. An analysis was conducted on the data to investigate the fluctuations in the cross-sectional velocity profile, aiming to understand better the velocity changes induced by ...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3 and Saima Kalsoom Babar2

...ce at leaf development stage (LDS), 2% in two equal splits (1% at LDS and 1% inflorescence emergence stage (IES), and 2% in three equal splits (0.67% at LDS, 0.67% IES and 0.67% flower bud development stage (FS). Three repeats of treatments arranged in randomized complete block design. The Kfs affected growth related parameters, chlorophyll concentration, leaf K concentration, seed yields ...

Rafiullah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan2, Anwar Ali3, Imtiaz Ali Shah1 and  Sohaib ul Hassan4

...evealed extensive hemorrhages in the small intestine and severe congestion of the colon and rectum. Among the hematological parameters, there was a significant reduction in hemoglobin level and hematocrit values and a significant increase in total leukocyte count, whereas all other parameters were in the normal range. Microbiological results revealed sporulated bacilli indicative of Bacillus cereus, which is an important cause of food poisoning, causing diarrh...

Mohammad Umar* and Gohar Ayub

... sub plot. Two years average results revealed that irrigation timings, levels and their interactions had significant effects on growth, yield and quality parameters of broccoli. Broccoli plants irrigated early in the morning resulted in early curd formation (66.8), maximum plant height (45.21cm), leaves plant-1 (15.84), leaf weight (11.00 g), primary curd weight (340.94 g), secondary curd weight (189.50 g), primary curd diameter (8.60), secondary curd diameter...

Muhammad Wasim Khan*, Ghulam Abbas, Asma Fatima and Shahnaz Rashid

...e species aids in the management of fisheries resources in the stream system of the Indus delta. 

...

Kashif Shehzad* and Ikramul Haq

...n: justify;">The Crop management practices play a crucial role in ensuring successful agricultural outcomes, including yield optimization, disease prevention and sustainable farming. This research aims to investigate the expertise of Extension Field Staff (EFS) in applying diverse crop management practices. The current research study was conducted in four agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in which one district eac...

Ammar Abdulhasan Aldhalemi1, Murtadha Abdulhasan Aldhalemi2, Ali Joodi3, Qais R. Lahhob4* 

...very susceptible to spoilage; as the product deteriorates during storage crucial components that determine taste and flavor quality are lost. The current study deals with the one weakness of small scale producers in term of their oils by exploring how a ginger oil extract can improve toffee, taste, viscosity, and, last but not least, fight against mold growth in soft cheese. The goal is, however, to lengthen its shelf life a...

Ammar Abdulhasan Aldhalemi1, Murtadha Abdulhasan Aldhalemi2, Ali Joodi3, Qais R. Lahhob4* 

...very susceptible to spoilage; as the product deteriorates during storage crucial components that determine taste and flavor quality are lost. The current study deals with the one weakness of small scale producers in term of their oils by exploring how a ginger oil extract can improve toffee, taste, viscosity, and, last but not least, fight against mold growth in soft cheese. The goal is, however, to lengthen its shelf life a...

Dunia Tahseen Nema Al-Aridhi 

...is study followed adults aged 18 and above with CKD stages (1-4) over a period of 12 months. It has been conducted in Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital- Baghdad / Iraq, during the period (2022-2023). Data, on demographics, clinical information and lab results including serum acid levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were gathered at the beginning. The participants were monitored for changes in these factors over ...
Javairia Mehboob1, Syeda Hafsa Ali1*, Fahima Ashraf Kasi1, Syeda Ayesha Ali2, Safa
Farooqi3, Muneeza Arbab4,
...div>
antimicrobial agents may solve the problem of toxicity and possible risk of drug resistance.
...
Rizwan Maqbool1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*2, Sumbal Parvez3, Muhammad Ather Nadeem2, Azhar
Hassan1, Jamshaid Qamar2, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Adnan2, Rafia Khalid3, Muhammad
Usman2
....60), germination percentage (85.00%),
shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (53.30 g) and root fresh
weight (13.30 g). While at lower concentration (10%) it showed hermetic effect and
produced maximum germination percentage (100.00%), shoot length (58.2 cm), root
length (52.0 cm), shoot fresh weight (90.00g), root fresh weight (26.30 g) minimum tim...
Rizwan Maqbool1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*2, Sumbal Parvez3, Muhammad Ather Nadeem2,
Muhammad Mughees Ud Din4, Jamshaid Qamar2, Muhammad Waqas1, Muhammad Mohsin
Amin2, Burhan Khalid1
....70), germination percentage (66.60%), shoot length
(49.8 cm), root length (8.16 cm), shoot fresh weight (10.00g) and root fresh weight
(10.361g). While at lower concentration (10%) it shows hermetic effect and produce
maximum germination percentage (90.00%), shoot length (84.7 cm), root length (66.2
cm), shoot fresh weight (82.20 g), root fresh weight (58.30 g) and germination...
Mamoona Arooj1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Muhammad Mansoor
Javaid1, Erum Rashid2, Muhammad Saleem Jilani3, Jamshahid Qamar1, Faryal Ali4, Sadaf
Javeria5, Muhammad Faisal4
...nomic Research Area, collage of Agriculture, University
of Sargodha, during 2019. Six different concentrations of atrazine [0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 g
a.i. ha-1] were applied as post emergence herbicides at 3- 4 leaves stage of the weeds
under two different water regimes (60 % and 100 % water concentrations). Results
revealed that increase in plant chlorophyll content, fresh wei...

Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Pahnwar1* and Abdul Manan Shaikh1

...ion along with digital images are provided. Definitely this
study will prove to be a base line for future taxonomist dealing with this genus.
...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Fazle Subhan3, Ali Hazrat1*, Javed Khan5, Aftab
Amin4, Hayat Ullah1 and Tabinda Nowsheen1
...nd caused significant damage.
The application of Flurofenafire was able to control these infestations. In conclusion the
pesticide Flurofenafire was found effective against a wide range of insect pest of tomato plant.
...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Zeshan Hassan2, Umbreen Shahzad2, Muhammad
Arshad Farooq3, Malik Fahim Abbas4, Aamir Roheen4
...er three
tillage systems, viz., ZT, RT and CT; and five herbicides, i.e., haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC
(108 g a.i. ha-1), lactofen 24 EC (168 g a.i. ha-1), haloxyfop 10.8 EC + lactofen 24 EC, hand
weeding, and weedy check during 2017 and 2018 at Cotton Research Station, D.I.Khan,
Pakistan, and to explore the best management option for effective weed control and
enhanc...
Abdul Basit1, Ayesha Zahid1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Inayat Ullah2, Sana Ullah3*, Muhammad
Kashif Nawaz4, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Izhar Ullah5, Fawad Ali1, Shaukat Ali1
...ximum germination percentage (96.9%), fruit weight
(22.41g), pod length (14.44 cm), seed pod-1 (48), 100 seed weight (6.41 g), seed yield
(102.2 kg ha-1) and fresh yield (0.165 tons ha-1). Data regarding number of picking intervals
showed that maximum germination percentage (92.7%), fruit weight (20.97 g), pod length
(12.25 cm), seed yield (103.3 kg ha-1), and seed pod-1 (43) w...

Abid Hussain Khoso1, Mahmooda Buriro1*, Bakht-un-Nisa Mangan1, Naimatullah Laghari1, Muharam Ali Qambrani1, Allah Ditta2, Muhammad Saeed3, Taufiq Nawaz4

... ginning out-turn percentage (37.96%) and oil contents (22.45%) were recorded in Sindh-1 with banana leaves as mulching material. The same treatment caused the maximum leaf area (136.56 cm-2), and leaf area index (4.92 cm) in Haridost. The minimum weed density (55.00 m-2), weed fresh (293.6 g m-2) and dry biomass (122.52 g m-2) with maximum weed control (81%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1. It can be concluded that mulching wit...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Malik Muhammad Hashim2, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch3, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Asif Latif1, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid4

...icating weeds at early stages of growth and hence improving yield and quality of sugar beet under Dera Ismail Khan conditions.

...

Tariq Ahmed Keerio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Ahmed Naqi Shah1, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3

Sumaira Abdul Raouf1, Nadia Jabeen1* and Sundus Akhtar1

...g to 0.47 g). Biological agent Pseudomonas sp. (PF-097) act as bioherbicide and as plant growth promoter agent to decrease the T. portulacastrum allelopathic stress and to enhance the growth of V. mungo. Amendment of Pseudomonas sp. (PF-097) increase V. mungo percentage of germination (8-42%), seedling length (12-54%), fresh biomass of seedling (8-17%) and dry biomass of seedling (0.47 g t...

Saiful Islam1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2

... sedimentation and encourage further growth of hydrophytes. Moreover to control the flow of water for the outlets triangular profile crump’s weirs have been used in all secondary canals including YHM for comparative division to the tertiary outlets. Hydrophytes growth was observed in head reaches of canal. Five types of aquatic weeds were found. The hydrophytes growth in canal head reaches directly reduces the cross section by more than 50%. Indirectly t...

Duong Thanh Hai1*, Phan Thi Hang1, Nguyen Thi Thuong2, Zábranský Luboš3

...ns begging at 28 days of age. Chickens were arranged randomly into two groups (control and fermented) with four replications. The results shown that the fermented feed did not affect on carcass yield or quality of meat parameters (p>0.05). However, most amino acids of breast meat were found at a higher content in the fermented group than in the control group (p<0.05). Especially, the concentration of glutamate, phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartate, threoni...

Md. Nazrul Islam1*, Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui2, Md. Rafiqul Islam3, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury3’ 

...ing of the sheep scrapie agent called scrapie associated prion protein (PrPsc). Although Bangladesh did not experience a BSE outbreak so far, Bangladesh has not yet been declared BSE free by OIE due to lack of scientific risk evaluation for BSE. The scientific data were reviewed, hazards were scheduled and surveys were conducted - on import of livestock and its commodities. The analysis was done by the “OIE Risk Analysis Framework 2006 and Scientific Ste...

Nada Hamzah Shareef Al Shabbani1, Marwa Jamal Hussain Al Kinani2*, Tmara Qais Al-Mohammadi1 

...d pathologically. The management of such nodules may be a challenge. They are commonly treated through local application of corticosteroids or injection of corticosteroids to nodules but the response to treatment is less than clent and relapses are very frequent. The objective of this study was to illuminate which of these features prevail and which ones fade in scarred sites which undergo postscabietic nodule development. The time span between August 2021 to ...

Siti Fatonah*, Herman and Dewi Yuni Safitri

...ract. The highest percentage of germination and growth inhibition was found in the single extract of M. bracteata and mixed extract (M. bracteata + C. citratus) with concentrations of 40% and 60%. Based on the results of this study, 40% fresh extract of M. bracteata or 40% mixed extract of C. citratus + M. bracteata can be applied by spraying directly to the field to inhibit weed emergence and weed growth in agricultural land as an alternative weed control.

Farhatul-Ain Arshad1, Asia Bibi1*, Amna Mushtaq1, Rubaida Mehmood2 and Nahid Kausar1

...isease in reproductively aged women and is charactered bydyslipidemia, hyper-androgenism, acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, and ovarian dysfunction resulting in infertility. A balanced body mass index, physical fitness, biochemical and endocrine ratios play vital role in proper functioning of reproductive system and guard against PCOS development. This study was conducted to investigate the role of socio-demographic variables, lipid and hormonal level...

Hong Chen1,2, Jiawei Liu1,2, Chuan Lin1,2, Hao Lv1,2, Jiyun Zhang1,2, Xiaodong Jia1,2, Qinghua Gao1,2 and Chunmei Han1,2*

...e unique mammalian appendage antler is a good model for studying tissue regeneration and its related mechanism. This study explored the mechanism of the rapid growth of regenerated antlers after top pruning damage using transcriptome sequencing technology. A damage repair model was constructed by top pruning treatment on the left antlers of three 10-month-old Tarim red deer, and RNA-seq an...

Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3, Abdul Waheed3*, Ecevit Eyduran4 and Muhammad Tariq5

...en of young Thalli sheep aged 0-12 months in Thall area of Punjab, Pakistan. Morphometric traits measured were withers height (WH), head width (HW), head length (HL), body length (BL), ear width (EW), ear length (EL), neck width (NW), neck length (NL), heart girth (HG), rump length (RL), tail length (TL), rump width (RW), barrel depth (BD), birth weight (BiW), live body weight (BW), sacral pelvic width (SPW), teat diameter (TED), teat length (TEL), testes leng...

Ke Sun, Guangwei Fan, Yujie Zhang, Ji Luo, Xiaobing Wu and Tao Pan*

...sinensis) habitat, the images of the habitat are captured from 1 meter off the ground. Then, a canopy density calculating method is established based on an adaptive bimodal threshold segmentation algorithm. The accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with two methods based on Otsu’s algorithm and iterative algorithm, respectively. The results show that the accuracy of the method based on the adaptive bimodal threshold segmentation algor...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Tariq Javeed1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Irshad1, Muhammad Aslam1, Gul Rehman2 and Shahar Yar Ahsan1

...s population. For the management of M. distalis in mungbean combination of imidacloprid seed treatment, blue sticky traps installation and chlorfenapyr at 100 ml/acre should be applied. Current studies provide useful information to adopt integrated pest management of thrips at Bhakkar district for the local farmers for better crop yield.

...

Mariana Isti Dwiningsih1, I Ketut Suatha2 and I Ketut Puja3*

...study found that the average motility percentages for semen transported at 0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours were 91.00% ± 0.89, 90.83% ± 0.75, 90.17% ± 0.75, and 89.83% ± 0.75, respectively. Similarly, the average viability percentages for the same transport times were 82.00% ± 0.89, 81.66% ± 1.03, 81.66% &p...

Muazzam Hashmi1, Braima Pascal Komba1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2*, Almazea Fatima1, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3

...ing to the farms and storage facilities are made available to the florists for suitable marketing.

...

Rwaida Adnan Ali1, Rahman Hussain Hamza¹, Hayder Mohammed Hassan Habeeb1, Ali J. Al-Nuaimi2  

...twelve mature bucks (average weight= 25 kg, average age= 2 years) were used: Cyprus (n=4), local black (n=4), and crossbreed (Cyprus X local black) (n=4). Semen and blood samples were collected from all groups every 2 weeks for 3 months. Semen volume, sperm concentration, mass activity , individual motility, live and dead sperm, abnormal sperm, testis weight, testicle circumference, testis...

Md. Maniruzzaman1, Md. Kamrul Haque1,3, Md Rokonuzzaman2, Md. Mahmudul Hasan3, Rumana Biswas4, Md. Mustafizur Rahman5, Tahmina Akter Rimi6, Md. Rahat Uz Zaman7*, Md. Alauddin8, Md. Abdul Baki9 and Md. Yeamin Hossain10

...ng on-season product wastage, processing food and encouraging private investment in the industry. This article recommends a new marketing chain that combines several alternative methods such as food processing, exporting to other countries, and involvement of GOs-NGOs and research institutes with the overall production system in terms of training, information transformation, and market research. The pandemic disproportionately affected various sectors of the B...

Ali D. Nashmi1*, Jawad K. Hasan1, Manal A. Ibrahim2 

...y, the right lung was lavage, by insertion of a tracheal cannula, three times with 10 ml of normal saline (NS 0.9%) at 37 °C and the broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was sent for laboratory evaluations and the left lung was incised for histopathological evaluation. Data analysis indicated that a substantial decrease in total white blood cell counts (WBC) was observed (p-value <0.05) and cells including (neutrophil...

Sariffudin Fatmona*, Abdurahman Hoda, Sri Utami 

...ced in colonies based on age and gender. The parameters measured are the phenotypic characters of the cross. Then the data was analyzed using the variance test. The results showed that body weight, Shank Circumference, Shank Length, Comb Height, Beak Length, and Pubic Bone Width had significant differences (P<0.05) in size. First-generation crossbreed chickens (G1) have varying male feather colors while the female’s color is predominantly gray. The ma...

Muti Ul Hannan1, Wazir Ahmed1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1 and Khuram Mubeen1

...at reproductive growth stages which results in significant reduction of yield with poor fiber quality. Additionally, soil health of Pakistani soils is very poor due to low soil organic matter, non-judicial use of fertilizers and high cropping intensity with mono-cropping pattern. The integrated and judicial use of organic and synthetic fertilizers boosts the soil and plant health and mitigates the deteriorative effects of heat stress on plants. Based on past s...

Hafiz Muhammad Usama Shaheen1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo1, Hadeed Ahmad1, Muhammad Wahab1, Muhammad Faran Tahir1 and Abuzar Hasnain2

...tic chemicals for the management of brown leaf spot of rice. For the management of BLS of rice, fourty-four phyto-extracts were screened for their potency in preventing B. oryzae under in-vitro, from where only 8 most effective phyto-extracts were further investigated at different concentrations (5, 10, and 15%) in-vitro using poisoned food technique. From in-vitro experiment, two highly effective extracts were demonstrated ...

Zahid Ali1,2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1*, Nazeer Ahmed1,3, Muhammad Shafi1, Faisal Saeed1 and Abdul Majeed1

... recommended that the management steps should be taken for the sustainable use of this commercially important fish species from Balochistan coast, Pakistan.

...
Hong Su1,2, Lu Chen1,3, Wenrui Guo1, Daqing Wang1,3, Aolei Dou1,2, Jie Su1, Yanyan Yang4, Ying Tian4, Tingyi He4, Caiyun Wang1, Chenguang Du1, Haijun Li1, Xihe Li5, Guifang Cao1*, Yongli Song5* and Fuxiang Bao3*
...atopoietic stem cell lineage and osteoblast differentiation, are enriched during the development of the Ujumqin sheep 16-day embryo U(E16). Our work provides important complementary reference data for the study of early embryonic development in sheep.

...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Sarzamin Khan1, Hazrat Hussain4, Adila Bashir2 and Nida Naz1
...ironmentally friendly management strategy for stone crushers. This study shows that regulatory measures are urgently needed to save the environment from pollution abatement. Among the underdeveloped countries, Pakistan is considered as one of the most highly populated countries. To respond to strong demographic pressure, the construction industry has become one of the main sectors in the country. Keeping this scenario, this study will help to know the availabi...

Riam Yousfe Muttair 

...apy, highlighting next-stage checkpoint inhibitors as the vaccine which may turn today’s cancer treatment procedures into historical relics. The opening sentences describe historical background and the current going about the way of which immunotherapy is useful in modern oncology. The knowledge about cancer and immunotherapy also creates the doors leading us to the mechanism of the development of cancer cells as well as the immune system that can kill t...

Xinyue Wang1, Shengao Chen1,2*, Fangze Zi1, Jianmin Ge1, Desheng Chang1, Yong Song1 and Congxin Xie2

... were chosen as the main age structure in this study. Results showed that the rings of T. yarkandensis formed once per year from March to May. The ages ranged from 1+ to 10+, with 2.5+ to 6.5+ predominating in the total specimens. Among them, 5+ predominated for males and 4+ to 6+ predominated for females respectively. The standard length (SL) of the specimens ranged from 30.0 to 195.0 mm, and the body weight (BW) ranged fro...

Ayoola Mathew Oluwaseyi1*, Aderemi Foluke Abimbola1, Alikwe Philip2 , Tumgbulu Samuel2, Eniufuoma Augustina2 

...esults revealed that average body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) affected by ECLM while spleen and bursa of fabricius were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by ECLM feed additive. Measured serum total protein of the groups on ECLM were significantly (p<0.05) higher, while serum cholesterol were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those on control grou...

Rawa Abdulkareem Abd

...ndent approaches like metagenomics, single-cell genomic, and metatranscriptomics which have changed the way we study microbes that are never before grown and isolated outside. Biogeochemical cycling basing on either nitrogen or carbon are put under attention here so that the effects of novel microbes on carbon fixation, organic matter decomposition, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification and ammonification are expressed. Novel microbes’ capaci...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2, Muhammad Atif Majeed1 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...e growing stock. The average stocking was estimated at 90 trees per ha, which is quite low compared to a well-stocked riverine forest or plantation. The average diameter at breast height (DBH) was recorded as 12.49 cm, and the average tree height was estimated as 6.78 m. The average canopy cover is 30% in the area. The total growing stock in the landscap...

Baby Nhor K. Ambel1*, Nneka Djen A. Matandog1, Neil Pep Dave N. Sumaya2, Florence Roy P. Salvaña1, Bryan Lloyd P. Bretaña1 and Ma. Teodora N. Cabasan1*

...a farmers for ease of management; however, concerns arise regarding its long-term effects on soil health and ecosystem stability. In order to ascertain the fact, this study investigated the impact of different durations of monocropping Lakatan banana on soil health as reflected by nematode community structure. For the extraction of nematodes, soil and root samples were collected from various banana farms practicing monocropping for 2-4, 5-9 and 10-15 years. Fa...

Saddam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar2*, Usama Saleem2, Dilbar Hussain3, Muhammad Sohail Qadir3, Muhammad Saleem3, Rashid Ali2, Zeeshan Javed2 and Mubshar Saleem4

...d wheat, are severely damaged by termites, resulting in substantial economic loss. Termites can potentially inflict significant agricultural losses, ranging from 20% to 45% of the harvest yield. Termites are also known to cause damage to stored food, wooden objects, household furniture, paper products, and various synthetic materials. They can attack both buried and above-ground parts of plants. They bite and chew on tubers,...

Agus Subhan Prasetyo, Tutik Dalmiyatun, Siwi Gayatri, Kadhung Prayoga, Wulan Sumekar and Joko Mariyono*

...system gained many advantages. The production of shallot farming in the glebagan system was higher than that of its counterpart, and the system improved the productivity of the land. These findings imply that the glebagan system is functional and can be socialized with other farmers. The system can be modified to shallot and other horticultural crops. The study is novel regarding the analytical model that includes control variables to show the attributable imp...

Shaofei Zhang1, Na Xu2 and Gang Liu2*

... Lakes in China using metagenomic analysis of 20 fecal samples (ten samples per lake). The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the gut archaea of geese wintering in the two lakes represented 16 phyla, 16 classes, 24 orders, 27 families, and 45 genera, with Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Bathyarchaeota being the dominant gut archaeal phyla. The results of alpha diversity analysis showed a significant difference in composition between the Shengjin and Caiz...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2, Hira Shahzadi2, Faiz Ur Rehman4, Li Bo1
Saif Ullah2, Omama Saqib1, Muhammad Tayyab Khan5, Muhammad Suliman1 and Ayesha Zulfiqar3
...is) was conducted in Village Takoro, District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KP), Pakistan in March-July 2021, as there is no documented information available in Pakistan. The present study was designed to investigate the nidification and breeding success of spotted dove in the study area. A total 87 nest cavities were observed of which 31 contained active nests whereas 56 were failed nests. The highest percentage o...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1 and Shamim Akhter1

...cessary for efficient management, increase in fish production and to maximize the return on investment. So, this study was carried out to investigate the influence of various stocking densities on the production and economic character of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Pakistan. After the successful transportation and acclimatization of African catfish, further experiment was performed for optimization of stocking densities in African catfish. For this...

Yueting Chen* and Ying Hu

...ysis patients with end stage renal disease, and to select oral nutritional support agents with high tolerance. In this experiment, 94 hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease who were treated in our hospital from August 2020 to July 2022 were selected as research objects. The nutritional status of the patients was evaluated by counting their 24-hour dietary status and using MQSGA...

Yueting Chen* and Ying Hu

...ysis patients with end stage renal disease, and to select oral nutritional support agents with high tolerance. In this experiment, 94 hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease who were treated in our hospital from August 2020 to July 2022 were selected as research objects. The nutritional status of the patients was evaluated by counting their 24-hour dietary status and using MQSGA...
Fangmei Zhang1,2, Xiaocen Zhao1,2, Li Qiao1,2, Shibao Guo1,2, Li Zhang1,2
Jian Yin1,2, Zhou Zhou1,2, Chuleui Jung3 and Shubao Geng1,2*
...ts, scape, pedical and flagellum that consisted numerous individual flagellomeres, respectively. There were eight kinds and twelve types of sensilla on the antennae, including 4 subtypes of sensilla trichodae, 2 subtypes of sensilla basiconica, sensilla chaetica, Böhm bristles, sensilla squamiformia, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla styloconica. No differences were found about the morphology, abu...

Muhammad Qasim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Umair Abbas1, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1 and Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2

...tes cause significant damage to agricultural crops and wooden infrastructures worldwide. Coptotermes and Odontotermes were found as the most abundant and damaging genera of subterranean termites in Pakistan. Many conventional synthetic insecticides are being used to combat termite infestations with often unsatisfactory control results. This study assessed the comparative toxicity of some prevailing synthetic insecticides with different modes of action against ...
Cristian Mendoza1*, Adriana Celi-Soto2, Ernesto Cañarte3 and George Cedeño-García2
...ystem growth, causing damage that reaches as much as 80% of it, consequently reducing the oil palm yield between 50% and 83%, depending on how the plant is managed. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of physical barriers (mulching) using different parts of oil palm plants on controlling root borer (S. valida) in the interspecific oil palm hybrid OxG. The study was conducted at the Palesema plantation, s...
Suherman Suherman1*, Muhammad Fahri Rizky1, Zaki Bahrul Fikri1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1,  Zane Vincevica-Gaile2, Anwar Saeed Khan3, Erkata Yandri4,5 and Iswahyudi Iswahyudi6 
... simple, it has disadvantages such as relatively long drying time, relatively low drying quality, significant damage, and the sun’s ultraviolet rays can also damage the chemical components of dried materials. Therefore, a new drying process technology, Photovoltaic Ventilation (Solar Dryer) was developed to overcome the above problems. In this research, onions were dried using a phot...

Maysaa A. Jumaah*, Ali A. Al-Iedani 

...This study aim to investiage a natural alternative (alcoholic extract of propolis and nigella oil) to current vaccine adjuvants (alum) using inactivated antigens (sonicated and whole-killed bacteria) of E. coli. We also aimed to reveal tthe nature of host innate and adaptive immune responses by measuring the extent of their effects on the level of pro-inflammatory (interferon γ and interleukins (IL)-12) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) an...
Guangcan Lin1,2,3, Xingyu Chen1,2,3, Xiaohao Shi1,2,3, Xiaolin Li1,2,3
Anwar Tanwari Kamran4, Zhengxiang Wang1,2,3, Qing Zhu5, Gaodao Liang5* and Lei Pan1,2,3*
...ies of prevention and management strategies proposed.

...

Ying Li, Peng Zhan, Qiang Wang and Dongfeng Chen*

...he risk factors of cartilage wear in the lateral compartment of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis (VKO). The sample consisted of 110 patients with VKO who underwent total knee arthroplasty at Fujian hospital. The patients were divided into the lateral compartment cartilage abrasion group (n=30) and the lateral compartment cartilage non abrasion group (n=80) according to the lateral c...
R. Javed1,2, T. Usman1, S. Niaz2, N. Ali2,3, H. Baneh4, K. Ullah5, I. Khattak1, M. Kamal1,2
S. Bahadar6, N.U. Khan1, S. Khan1,7, Y. Wang3*, Y. Yu3* and Mostafa K. Nassar8
...y was highest (0.59) for age at first calving (AFC) while lowest (0.00) for calving interval (CI), and estimation of repeatability was highest (0.99) for AFC while lowest (0.00) for CI. The results of heterosis analysis showed that crossbred (Achai x Jersey) had positive heterosis for milk composition traits and SCC while negative heterosis for LMY compared to their purebreds. The study concluded that crossbred, better herd manage

Gökhan Ulukan1*, Zeynep Pekcan2, Zülfükar Kadir Sarıtas3, Ilker Etikan4, Serkan Sayıner5, Feride Zabitler6 and Fatma Eser Özgencil1

... of different breeds and ages divided into three equal groups. OHE is reportedly associated with moderate pain. BLK was administered inside the ovarian bursa 10 min before ovary removal in Groups (G) 1 and G2 and linear to the incision line 10 min before entering the abdomen in G1. G3 was the control group. The intergroup comparison of pain mediators and GCPS-SF scores showed no significant difference between the GCPS-SF scores at postop0, postop2, postop4, po...

Komal Hingoro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang1,2* and Ghulam Sarwar Gachal1

...abitats in the Guddu Barrage, Indus River, Pakistan. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed a significantly higher and lower values of red blood cells in Pangshura tecta and Kachuga smithii, PDW in Nilssonia hurum and Kachuga smithii, MCV in Chitra indica and Kachuga smithii, haemoglobin in Chitra indica and Kachuga smithii, PLT in Pangshura tecta and Chitra indica, MPV in Nilssonia hurum and Lissemys punctata, TLC in Nilssonia hurum and Kachuga smithii...

Jagdish Jaba1*, Sumit Vashisth2, Sivakumar Golla1 and Suraj Prashad Mishra1

...s as it suffered more damage by the pod borer H. armigera, pod sucking bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal.) than ICPL 88039. The maximum leaf/pod feeding insect population was recorded on first sowing and then gradually decline for the rest of the plantings. Maximum H. armigera egg population exhibited 21.10 on ICPL 87 in first sowing and at least 1.23 on ICPL 88039 in sixth sowing. Web forming insect pests Maruca virata (3.95) and leaf webber (4.66) werem...

Noor-ul-Ain1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,2 and Nida Naeem1

...kistan, documenting the cage area and behavioral ethogram. The subjects were two African lions, six African lionesses, four lion cubs, two Bengal tigers, and two Bengal tigresses which were observed for auditory, aggression, feeding, moving, resting, and excretory behaviors by scan sampling method. The winter data were collected in February and summer data were collected in June for ten days each month in three sessions (8:00-10:00 am, 12:00-2:00 pm, and 4:00-...

Lin Li1*, Lu Lu2, Gang An2 and Xiaoguang Zhang3

...epithelial (RPE) cell damage induced by blue light and the potential mechanism. Human RPE cells were divided into blank control group, blue light model group and TF-TP group. The survival rate of human RPE cells and the optimal dose of TF-TP were detected by CCK-8 method. The morphology in the cells were observed under the inverted microscope electron microscope. The apoptosis of the cells was assayed by Hoecht staining. The expressions of TF, Bax and Bcl-2 in...

Yue Guo1,2*, Hai Yan Dong1, Hong Chang Zhou1,2, Hui Zhang1 and Ming Ke Lu3

...ed by time, location and age. A total of 78 656 cases and 15 deaths of schistosomiasis were reported in China between 2004 and 2018. The incidence of schistosomiasis in 2009-2013 was statistical significance higher than before and after. Hubei was the most seriously afflicted among all endemic provinces in the periods of 2004-2009 and 2010-2014. In addition, the 50-59 and 60-69 age groups had significantly higher incidence. ...
Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Amna Sulaman1, Dost Muhammad Baloch2, Muhammad Shafi2, Faiz Muhammad1* and Shahnaz Rashid1
...to taxonomists because meager attention was given to molecular- based identification from this region.

...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Galia Sheinberg Waisburd2, Alberto Martin Cordero3, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Ariadna Flores Ortega4, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez5 

...they can cause direct damage such as skin lesions and anemia and indirect problems spreading several infectious diseases, such as papulonodular dermatoses, Lyme disease, and viral encephalitis, or cause parasite-induced abortion. Because of the risk, they represent measures to control their spread, such as restricting global trade and sporting events. Therefore, the efficacy of fluralaner was evaluated against ticks in horses. Horses were treated with fluralan...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Ariadna Flores Ortega2*, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez3 

...samples from cats of all ages, genders, breeds, clinical conditions, and origins, representing 31 out of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic, were included. Toxocara presence was assessed using the direct smear technique and Faust centrifugation-flotation with a 33% saturated solution of zinc sulfate. The overall prevalence of Toxocara was 33.09%. A significant association was observed (Chi2= 73.22, p= 0.0001) between age ...

Toyin B. Ajibade1*, Mukhtar A. Yusuf1, Sijuwade A. Adebayo2, Uswat T. Adeyemi1 and Olubunmi A. Omotesho1

...velihoods of millions of agents along the value chain but as well on future nutritional security of the populace and perhaps economic development. Despite potential threats that plastic poses to ocean ecosystem, there is still limited research in Nigeria to ascertain the extent and magnitude of the challenge. This study was therefore carried out to unfold how plastic pollution, alongside climatic variables, has affected artisanal fish output in Nigeria. We ana...

Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo1,2*, Ngozi J. Obiekwe1, Nma O. Okoroji3, Zahoor A. Shah4, Uzochukwu V. Uchemba5 and Ebele G. Osegbue5

...ease of use were gender, age, educational background, work experience, household size, work motivation, and organizational support, these were significant at various levels of probability. Constraints on the use of e-extensions were rotated into three factors (commitment, political, and institutional), and in the commitment factor, the extension worker suffered from a lack of support and inadequate training for the e-agriculture extension. At the political lev...

Anom Yusuf Tri Bambang Susilo1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra3, Ali Agus1*

...ify;">The shift towards cage-free production systems in laying hens has gained significant attention in animal production research, particularly after the ban on conventional cages. Meanwhile, a bibliometric analysis entails the use of statistical methods to discover patterns and trends in scientific publications. This approach includes studying the quantity of publications, identifying the countries with the highest product...

Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed Alomari1, Nawar Jasim Alsalih2*, Samir Sabaa Raheem2, Mohenned Alsaadawi2, Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari3

...e was evaluated in two stages. The first stage was carried out at the time of the appointment of treatment, and the second stage after 14 days. Globcan-5 wa, Suprastin, Fosprenil, Gamavit-forte, Levofloxacin, Gordox, Okrestatin, Lactobifadol, Polyoxidonium, Ringer’s solution, rheosorbilact and stabilizol were used as therapy. Firstly, the general clinical, biochemical, and immunologi...

Sardorbek N. Turgunov, Oybek O. Amirov*, Erkinjon B. Shakarboev, Abdurakhim E. Kuchboev

...s. QIAamp DNA Mini Kit reagents (QIAGEN, Germany) were used for genomic DNA isolation. According to the results of molecular genetic study, the nucleotide sequence belonging to the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the ribosomal DNA of P. equorum species was analyzed, and it was found that 100% nucleotide similarity with P. equorum species (MH030605) and 95.85% similarity with the species P. univalens (MK209648) in the GenBank databa...

Atikah Nur Baity1, Noni Ashri Maghfiroh1, Syalsa Bella Fitriana1, Kurniawan Dwi Prihantoko2, Dyah Maharani2, Diah Tri Widayati2*

...bryo development. DNA damage carried by the paternal line has an impact on the syngamy process, in which a certain amount of male and female gamete chromosomes unite to continue the division process. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage periods in liquid nitrogen on DNA fragmentation of post-thawed semen of Bali bull. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty ...

Azhar Ali1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Wu Di3, Huang Chunjie3, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Bilal Ahmed1, Farwa Shakeel1, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1, Windu Negara2, Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono1*

...work employed shotgun metagenomics to examine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) present in the feces of dairy cattle. The presence of resistance genes in the feces indicates that certain microorganisms carry several resistance genes, which are often found in close proximity and originate from various species. Our findings indicates that the gastrointestinal system of dairy cows harbors a repertoire of 216 antimicrobial resistance genes, which are presumed to ...

Amal Ahmed Abdel-Halim1, Esteftah Mohamed El-Komy2, Ahmed Mosaad Abdelsalam2, Gomaa Said Ramadan2*

... weight at five weeks of age. This resulted in the establishment of selected lines with superior body weight. The data collected from the study were analyzed using the xlstat software. One-way and two-way analysis of variance methods were applied to examine the differences in various parameters. The results revealed significant variations in the weekly mean body weight of the quail birds at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 among the different hybrid lines. These ...

Tanvir Hussain*, Zahid Rauf, Mansoor Ali Khan and Khalid Hussain 

...width. Cofecha and R packages, two computer - based programs , were used to statistically evaluate the data. The findings indicated that there was a notable rise in yearly precipitation between 1921 and 2021, which had a substantial impact on the species ’ growth . Furthermore , precipitation was discovered to be a limiting factor for this species’ growth. From the results, it was concluded that blue pine growing under the prevailing climatic condi...

Wadood Shah* and Sanam Zarif Satti

...isis has made water shortage stress worse and limits plant growth and productivity by reducing nutrient uptake and increasing osmotic load. In addition, dramatic climatic changes can reduce water availability, leading to a variety of problems, including the ongoing limited water condition. The present review article intends to critically analyze morpho-physiological and growth, responses of plants to various levels of drought stress as well as their ability to...

Rhuan Chaves1, Diego Leal2, Ygor de Paula³, Andreia Vilas Boas4, Ana Toledo4, Sígfrid López-Ferrer5, Vinicius Cantarelli3, Cesar Garbossa2* 

...holine has some disadvantages such as high capacity to absorb moisture, oxidative loss of vitamins in feed and its metabolism generates a compound that can taint animal-origin products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding diets containing natural choline (Kolin plus™ FC) as a replacement of choline chloride on performance and blood variables of weaned piglets. A total of 360 piglets with an average...

Gautam Kumar Deb1*, Md Faizul Hossain Miraz1, SM Jahangir Hossain1, Shahrina Akter1, Md. Ahsanul Kabir1, Md Ruhul Amin2, Md Panir Choudhury1, Nure Hasni Desha1

...s and investigate the management practices and socioeconomic status of horse owners. A total of 233 horse-rearing households were interviewed by structured questionnaire from selective locations covering all divisions of Bangladesh. Phenotypic traits (Body weight, body length, chest girth, neck length, head length, ear length, wither height, back height, length from ear to tail, mane length, tail length) and reproductive features (Age<...

Aura Oktiefa Adyantono, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Daud Samsudewa*

...ion altitude, feeding management, age and/or parity, needs to be conducted to determine the most optimal rearing conditions.
 
Keywords | Crossbred cattle, Meta-analysis, Reproductive parameters
...

Diyar Mohammad Hussein*, Iman Mousa Khaleel

...ons in may be due to the age of animal that. Concluded, the current study the differences in morphometric measurements between right and left thyroid lobes and adrenal glands in both suckling and adult may be due to age and growth of animal.
 
Keywords | Morphological, Morphometrical, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, Male cats, Weight and length, Endocrine system, Iraq
...

Bilal Ahmed1, Asep Setiaji1*, Lisa Praharani4, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4,5,6,7, Windu Negara2, Azhar Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Hamza Zulfiqar1, Alina Munawar8

...charomyces cerevisiae dosage were retrieved and evaluated using OPENME and Minitab, with RSM and meta-analysis approaches. The results show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a statistically substantial and moderate effect on milk yield (Hedges’ d = 0.240). Sub-group analyses suggest breed-specific effects, and recommend optimal dosage of 173.1 g for increased milk output in dairy calves. The findings are useful for fut...

Iman Hernaman1*, Budi Ayuningsih1, Diky Ramdani2, Romy Zamhir Islami1, Shelvia Octaviana1, Ina Aviana1, Galuh Rahayu1, Aldena Bina Salimah1, Urip Rosani1, Atun Budiman1, Muhammad Rifqi Ismiraj3

...ighest value with an average of 0.522%. Dissolving rice husk ash with distilled water produces an alkaline filtrate and forms a linear regression equation, namely Y = 3.3X + 8.45, R2 = 0.7806. The highest pH value achieved in RHAF 4 of 9.15±0.13. The levels of NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and crude fiber decreased significantly (P <0.05) while rice hull ash filtrate concentrations increased. The highest decrease in ADF and NDF was achieved at ...

Hafizuddin1, Sri Wahyuni2, Tongku Nizwan Siregar1*, Amalia Sutriana3, Ririn Triyuliani4, Siti Hanyyah Herviani4, Muhammad Farhan Syuhada4, Nur Salimah4, Muharni Mardiah Eriswandi4, Ratu Permata Ayu4, Putroe Hayatun Nufus4

...for 30 days in separate cages and provided with feed and water ad libitum before treatment. The rabbits were divided into 3 treatment groups (n=3), the first group as a control group (R1) was injected with physiological NaCl, while group two (R2) and group three (R3) were injected with FSH and BPE, respectively. The total volume of NaCl in R1 and BPE in R3 was 2.6 ml each while the total dose in R3 was 28 mg. Intramuscularly injections in both groups were perf...

Hawraa F.H. Alowaid1*, Afrah Adil Hassan1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

... to hepatic and renal damage. There is currently no known precise mechanism for how TML damages the liver and kidneys. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the potential contribution of oxidative stress dysfunction to the etiology of renal and hepatic injury brought on by TML. For this purpose, male adult rats were treated with TML (15 and 30 mg/kg/day oral administration) 30 days in a row. A significant decre...

Istna Mangisah*, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi Ismadi, Mulyono Mulyono, Nyoman Suthama, Fajar Wahyono

...ducks kept in different cage densities. A total of 140 7-day-old male Tegal ducks with an average body weight of 130.83 ± 7.54 g/head were placed in 20 experimental units in stilt cages following a completely randomized design procedure, 5 treatments, and 4 replications. The research ration was prepared with an EM content of 2900 kcal/kg and 18% crude protein. The treatments tested ...

Noorullah Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Azher Zeb2, M. Noman1, M. Imran Kasana1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1*, Saima Mumtaz1, Shumaila Rasheed1, M. Muneer3 and M. Qamar-Uz-Zaman1

...ches in peach orchard management are focused towards climate resilient varieties having high yield and growth attributes. This scenario demands the evaluation of different scion cultivars for their compatibility and growth behavior. The current research trial was conducted to evaluate ten promising scion cultivars of peach on local root-stock for their growth and development. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three rep...

Muhammad Usman1, Hussain Abbas1, Riffat Maqsood1, Muhammad Awais Nadeem1, Abdul Hanan Shazal1, Ali Usman1, Amna Hameed2, Haram Shahid3, Zulqarnain Haider3, Muhammad Zain1, Muhammad Suleman1 and Muhammad Wasif Gulzar1*

...ng that effective EID management and mitigation require a One Health strategy that emphasises inter-disciplinary collaboration. However, this kind of One Health strategy must address certain ethical, legal, and socially and politically problems. EID events are made up of complex and conditioned sets of relationships that pertain to socioeconomic and social and political life. drivers and consequences, the latter of which go beyond the effects of the disease, a...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*1, Riffat Maqsood1, Hussain Abbas1, Musharraf Manzoor1, Muhammad Suleman1, Hassaan Ahmad Bajwa2, Ali Hamza2, Shaher Yar1, Muhammad Zain1, Abdul Wadood1 and Noman Aslam3

...nator populations and damage honeybee hives. Furthermore, the extensive use of pesticides severely suppresses wildlife, birds, and soil organisms. They harm soil microbes including viruses, pollinators, animals, humans, and honeybees. In addition to having an adverse effect on human health, increased pesticide use reduces the population of helpful organisms like honey bees and pollinators. If these living things disappear, there will be a lack of food, the eco...

Mahfuza Ferdous1, Sabuj Kanti Nath1 and Mustasim Famous2*

...g and afternoon. The average milk production was 1.63 times higher in the morning than in the afternoon production. In the farms, the tethering grazing system was higher (43%) than the zero grazing (36%) and extensive grazing (21%) systems. 43% of farms relied upon local and natural grasses, whereas 21% produced their own fodder, and 36% supplemented fodder by purchasing. 71% of farms were found feeding raw fodder to the cattle without any kind of processing, ...

Muhammad Muneeb1, Ali Hussain2*, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad3, Arshad Javid1 and Jibran Hussain3

...ing sustainable waste management strategies.

...

Nasir Ali Tauqir1*, Asim Faraz2, Muhammad Imran Babar3 and Irfan Shahzad Sheikh3

...harvested at 100 days of age sown using different levels of phosphorous and phosphorous plus nitrogen fertilizers. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) content were higher (p<0.05) in oat fodder supplemented with P and NP fertilizer as compared to control. The supplementation of P fertilizer resulted in decreased NDF and hemicellulose and did not show any effect on ADF content of oat fodder. At 48 h of incubation, in situ digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Naila Chand1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...;Fayoumi) layer birds of age 28 weeks were used for the experimental purpose and were distributed in five groups control (CON), and treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, and T4), each had 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The CON group had a corn-soybean basal diet while the T1 group contained 3%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, T2 3%SH+30mg/kg enzyme, T3 9%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, and T4 group 9%SH+30mg/kg enzyme in the feed. Overall feed intake, weight gain, and water intake wer...

Li Wang, Feifei Feng, Kefei Peng, Yan Zhang and Ling Zhou*

...or obstetric clinical management. We retrospectively investigated the singleton pregnant women who had delivered at our center, and screened for syphilis by using CIA during early pregnancy from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Pregnancy outcomes of syphilis false-positive group were compared with those of syphilis negative group. Total of 16,935 singleton pregnant women were included in present study Compared with negative group, false-positive group sho...

Ashiq Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Sohaib ul Hassan2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Kinkpe Lionel5, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Majid Ali1, Aamir Khan4, Qudrat Ullah2 and Waqar Azeem6

... LE. The dressing percentage had a significantly higher value in 1.5, and 2ml/l of LE groups than in the remaining treatment groups. Mortality was recorded significantly higher in 1 ml/l of LE group as compared to all other groups. It was concluded that liquorice extract at 2ml/l water has a useful effect on growth performance, gut morphology, and economics in broilers.

...

Md. Asaduzzaman Lovelu1, Md. Amir Hossain2*, Md. Uzzal Hossain1, Tanzila Zafrin Tanvi1, Mahfuza Ferdous3, Nazmin Sultana Runa4, Assrafi Siddika3, Md. Sahidul Islam2 

...ry and May of 2023, with age, sex, housing, and health categories. By hand-picking ticks, blood parasites were examined under a stereomicroscope and stained with Giemsa’s stain. Among the investigated cattle, 37.88% had tick infestations: 14% had Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, 28.01% had Haemaphysalis bispinosa, and 4.13% had mixed infections. Adult cattle older than 2.5 years old (41.05%) had the highest prevalence of tick infestations, while calv...

Maysoon S. Abbas, Shaimaa N. Yassein 

...des that the high percentage of Vibrio spp. in birds is linked to the significance of zoonotic transmission. Further investigation is required to assess the risks of Vibrio spp. colonization in other animals and humans in close contact.  

...

Kashif Haleem, Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Rayyan, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

... study area. Using two-stage random sampling, data was collected from eighty respondents through a structured questionnaire. The primary motivations for planting trees were income (67.5%) and timber (31.25%), with firewood being a minor reason (1.25%). A significant majority (78.75%) of respondents grow trees on their farmland to sell them and support their families, while 21.25% use the trees for personal purposes. Most respondents (61.25%) use LPG for cookin...

Asad Ali, Anwar Ali, Muhammad Farooq and Basheer Ahmad* 

...its per hectare. The average regeneration per hectare was estimated at 75 plants in pits and trenches at the plantation, with a composition of 70% Prosopis juliflora, 19% Zizyphus nummularia, and 7% Phoenix. The study identified established regeneration, while unestablished regeneration (below 9 inches) was not observed. The data showed an average survival rate of 93% in both subdivisions (Teri and Karak) of the Kohat forest...

Nask Jawher Ahmed and Kawa A. Ali*

... principal development stages according to the general BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, und Chemische Industrie) scale, with three levels of water regimes: (a) control (full irrigations), (b) No further irrigation after flowering (65BBCH), and (c) No further irrigation after seed development (79 BBCH) stages of the crop. There were four concentrations of foliar applied salicylic acid: (a) Control (only water spray) and (b)10...

Aysha Fatima1, Safdar Ali1, Saira Azmat2, Luqman Amrao1, Muhammad Usman Ghani3*, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan4*, Adeel Ahmad5 and Humaira Kalsoom6

...nce of fungicides and management of early blight through resistance source and nutrients. Tomato germplasm (Nadir F1, Naqeeb F1, Johir, Gohar, Walter Gaint FM9 and Money Maker) were screened against Alternaria solani to find out the resistance potential against early blight under field conditions. Data of disease severity and disease incidence was recorded fortnightly that showed only a single variety “Johir” expressed resistant (R) response out of...

Efi Rokana1, Iin Rohmatul Fatimah1, Brilian Desca Dianingtyas1, Niswatin Hasanah2, Wulandari3, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,3* 

...er sources in remote villages. This study aimed to investigate the impact of feeding different types of forage in the ration formula on sheep feedlot performance. Twenty-seven female local sheep (fat tailed) were utilized as research subjects. The study involved sheep rations comprising various ingredients, with three distinct research factors: elephant grass, corn plants, and rice straw. Employing a completely randomized de...

Hamid Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Anas1*, Rozina Gul1, Waseem Ullah Shah1, Abdul Haleem2, Muneeb Ahamd Khan1, Muhammad Taimur1, Tahreem Shah1, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Noman Anjum1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...rval infestation, pod damage percentage and biological yield. The pooled analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (P<0.01) between years and between genotypes and genotype-year interaction (GYI) for all traits examined, except plant height. On average over two years, a minimum of (126) days to flowering were recorded over two years for genotypes D-15015 and D-13011, wh...

Qaisar Mehmood1*, Ali Raza2, Asif Ali Abro3, Nargis Shaheen4 and Muhammad Riaz5

...cane yield. Forecast average yield of sugarcane crop will be increase after ten years from 63827kg to 65660.37kg per hectare from 2020 to 2030. This increase amount of yield may increase the amount of sugar to meet the country requirements. More over these forecast estimates for sugarcane yield will be important for the Government in formulating their policies to fulfill the food necessities of the nation, trade, support prices, and planning about the cultivat...

Barkat Ullah Khan*, Ayaz Ahmad, Ashar Farooq, Muhammad Bilal Zia, Hammad-Ud-Din and Muhammad Atif Majeed

...ues, and incomplete coverage of occurrences. To overcome these limitations, future research is recommended to incorporate additional data sources, conduct spatial and temporal analyses, implement data validation protocols, focus on species-specific investigations, and integrate contextual information.

...
Iswahyudi Iswahyudi1,2, Wahyu Widodo1*, Warkoyo Warkoyo1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3, Damat Damat1
Dyah Roeswitawati1, Shazma Anwar4, Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi1, Irma Rahmaita Utarid5,  Marchel Putra Garfansa2, Mohammad Shoimus Sholeh2, Ida Ekawati6, Rusli Tonda7,  Wahyu Alvina Mujianti2, Dody Sukma RA8, Sri Utami Lestari8 and Choirul Anam9
...evelopment. Of all the stages of growth, seeding has an important role in the crop yields obtained. The examined the impact of three polymer MPs (1 % w w–1) on paddy seeding and control as a comparison with four repetitions by using soil culture experiment for 20 d. Plant height, leaf length, root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll, and MPs identification in the roots were observed in this study. The data gained were run through ANOVA, followed...

Salam N. Aritonang1*, Yulia Yellita1, Dwita Saningtias2, Eka Putri2, Rizqan1 

...ctating Murrah buffaloes aged 3 to 5 years, following a Latin Square Design consisting of four treatments: A (0% turmeric flour), B (0.015% turmeric flour), C (0.03% turmeric flour), and D (0.045% turmeric flour), added to the basal feed comprising field grass, king grass, and 2 kg of withered cassava leaf. The results showed that turmeric flour supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) erythrocytes (4.8 - 6.51 x 106/mm3), hemoglobin (9.85 - 13.22 g/...

Le Thanh Phuong1, Pham Tan Nha2*

...tion had the highest average egg production rate (34.6%) and the lowest average FCR (4.60 g feed/g egg) (P<0.05). At 42 weeks old, the Noi hens reached peak egg production as follow 45.7% in G0 generation and 48.6% in G1 generation. The G1 generation had average feed intake for 10 eggs (3.29 kg) lower than G0 (3.53 kg). Egg production increased in G1 (125.8 eggs/hen) compared to G0 (117...

Alain Kouam Simo1, Roland Nankam Chimi1*, Stevine Ngoueni Megouo1, Ariane Megne Fossouo1, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng2, Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini3

...essary to monitor the management of this disease and put in place means of preventing it.
 
Keywords | Prevalence, Bovine schistosomiasis, Schistosoma bovis, Adamawa, North, Cameroon
...

Kh. Amber1, S.G. Kotb1, W.A. Morsy2* and W. Khalifa1

...st carcass weight percentage; while those fed mash diet had the lowest value (P<0.05). Serum total protein was significantly decreased with chicks fed mash diet, as compared with those fed pellets and crumble diets. Conclusively, it could be concluded that pellets feed form in broiler nutrition improved growth performance, feed efficiency, and blood metabolite profile when compared to crumble and mash feed form. Supplementation of protease enzyme in diets e...
Shorouq Mohamed Omara1, Ibrahim Saad El-Shamaa1, Emad Abd-Elaziz Abd-Allah2, Assmaa Abd-Allah Fathy3, Essam-Eldin Tharwat4, Mohammed Hamdy Farouk5* and Ibrahim Mahmoud Abd El-Razek1*
...s had higher COCs percentages at the metaphase II (MII) compared to the control group. The 2 Mmol LC treatment had the highest percentage of oocytes maturation rate at metaphase ΙΙ (47%) compared to the control group (33.3%). The same treatment had a higher percentage of cleaved embryos (75.4% vs 64.9%) and blastocyst rates (43,4% vs. 31,5%, respectively). Furthermore, the same 2...
Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1
...n the integrated pest management. 

...
Langgeng Priyanto1,2*, Herdis2, Santoso2, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi2
Tri Puji Priyatno2, Rahma Isartina Anwar2, Desiana Ade Mahari2
Florentina Bety Indah Lupitasari2, Maman Surachman2
I Wayan Angga Darmawan2, Arfan Abrar1 and Arum Setiawan3

Arba Aleem, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik*, Wan Razarinah Wan, Abdul Razak and Norfatimah Mohamed Yunus

...culture and ecosystem management potentially benefit from an understanding of the mechanisms and purposes of root exudates under biotic and abiotic conditions. Harnessing the potential of plant-microbe interactions enables the infrastructure development for more effective strategies to enhance plant growth and productivity.

...

Fadia W. Al-Azawi1* , Huda M. Hamid2, Husam Jasim Mohammed1 and Jan Muhammad3

...ropriate forecasts for usage in rainfall scenarios. The study aim to prepare maps to predicate rainfall changes in the twenty-two stations over a wide range of Iraq. Rainfall data for 100 years from 1951-2050 were analyzed and annual rainfall amounts predicated to measure the amount of rainfall in the Region of Interest (ROI) in the next years. The data and extraction process runs through various techniques by analyzing data statistically using SPSS and interp...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Kashfa Akram1, Habiba Jamil1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Fozia Afzal4, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1 and Shahnaz Rashid3

...analysis detected DNA damage in pesticide-exposed workers, correlated with increased age and duration of exposure. In conclusion, pesticides elicit oxidative stress and lead to hematological, serological, and genetic abnormalities in exposed agricultural workers.

...

Murad Muhammad1,2,3*, Shahid Ullah1, Nimrah Ameen4, Abdul Wahab3,5, Abdul Basit6, Muqadas Batool7, Muhammad Nazim2,3 and Haroon Khan

...rried out in distant villages of the Larjam subdivisions, specifically interviewing 120 local respondents (85 males, including herbalists and pansiris, and 35 women) regarding the naturally occurring medicinal weeds in the area. During the field survey, traditional knowledge and the ethnobotanical relevance of seasonal weeds were collected. A total of 65 species from 24 families were recorded across the four different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winte...

Marwa M. El-Deriny1,2*, Rania H. Wahdan1, Marwa S. Fouad3 and Dina S.S. Ibrahim1,2*

... with a reduction percentage of 67.23 and 71.02% respectively. Also, concomitant treatment of NPK and T. viride or B. subtilis improved the plant growth parameters with the 70.82 and 48.60% respectively. Under field conditions, the growth parameters increased significantly as shoot length (59.98%), shoot weight (114.06%), shoot dry weight (163.97%) and yield per plant (153.06%) upon the treatment with T. viride incorporated with NPK compared to the untreated c...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Atiq Ur Rahman, Waqar Akhtar and Hafizullah Khan

...ultural land in four villages of district Charsadda. This paper is aimed to study the socio-economic impact of Palai Dam on village Qilla and Palai Nasratzai located in tehsil Tangi, district Charsadda, falling in the command area of the dam. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data regarding household characteristics and socio-economic conditions was collected through a structured and pre-test...
Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Saqib Nawaz2, Mehboob Ali2, Faiz ur Rehman2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Usman Zeb4, Muhammad Ayaz5 and Muhammad Aamir Khan5
...ection at the finisher stage. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activities and potency of this combination. A total of one hundred and eighty day-old chicks were randomly allotted to 6 groups i.e. G1 (negative control), G2 (positive control), G3 (standard antibiotic neomycin only), SN-1 (Serratiopeptidase @40g/L+Neomycin@10mg/L), SN-2 (Serratiopeptidase @50mg/L+ Neomycin @20mg/L), and SN-3 (Serratiopeptidase @ 60m...

Abdullah Channo1,2*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Mool Chand Malhi3, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Qudratullah Kalwar5, Shakeel Ahmed Tunio6 and Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar7

...s (A, B, C and D) having age of 4-5 years were used. A total of 52 (n=13) ejaculates were collected with the help of artificial vagina, after the collection macroscopic (color, volume and pH) and microscopic (motility, morphology, viability, concentration and membrane integrity) parameters were observed. The samples having motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity ≥70% were pooled and processed. Pooled semen samples were divided into four group...

Elly Roza, Yulia Yellita, Hilda Susanty, Rizqan 

... aims to get the best forage feed by utilizing local forages (cassava leaves, sweet potato leaves, and Moringa leaves), which are high in nutritional content, to increase the production and quality of Murrah buffalo milk and increase farmers’ income. This study used an experimental method with a Latin Square Design (LSD), using four female Murrah buffaloes as research samples with the following feed treatments: P1 = ba...

Hui-juan Yan1, Wei Wang2,*, Jian-qiu Yu1, Jun Yi2, Li-li Niu1, Hong-wei Chen1, Yu Qu1, Yang Pu 1, Ang Chen1, Yan Zhong1, Wei-gang Chen1 and Xing-ming Yu1

... composition among three ages of captive hog deer, including one infant (Z1, six months old), three young (Z2, ten months old) and 12 adult (Z3, 4-5 years old). A total of 26 phyla (15, 22 and 25 in Z1, Z2 and Z3) and 310 genera (153, 254 and 304 in Z1, Z2 and Z3) were identified. In Z1, Z2 and Z3, Firmicutes (63.65%, 62.07% and 61.96%) was the predominant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes (29.08%, 29.62% and 30.02%) and Tenericutes (3.08%, 3.24% and 2.78%). T...

Maqsood Jan1, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1*, Zahir Muhammad1, Misbah Farooq1, Muhammad Qayash Khan2 and Shamim Akhter1

...by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) computer software. After the 90 days of experimental trial the results revealed that probiotics treated groups had significantly (P < 0.05) better meat quality as compared to control. The best meat quality was observed in D4 in terms of crude protein, crude fat, ash content and total moisture (45.86±0.44, 33.59±0.28, 8.80±0.34, 63.98±0.01) compared to control and other t...

Tahani Ahmad Al-Matrafi1, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh2, Mamdoh S. Moawadh2, Waheeb S. Aggad3, Rawabi Mohamed almuhimed4, Zamzam Alhuwaymil5, Aishah E Albalawi6, Ifat Alsharif7, Hailah M. Almohaimeed8, Fatima S. Alaryani9 and Mona H. Soliman10,11*

...natural hepatoprotective agent.

...
A.M. Ahmed1*, R. Dutta1, H. Pokhrel1, D. Nath1, L. Mudoi1, R. Sarmah1, S.K. Bhagabati1 and I. Ahmed2
...on the diversity, assemblage structure, distribution pattern, and composition of fish at several sampling locations along the river Diyung. In this study, fish fauna was collected from 8 selected stations of the river from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 81 different fish species were identified, divided into 10 orders, 24 families, and 52 genera. The orders Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabantiformes, and Synbranchiformes accounted for 88.88% of the...

Shumaila Usman1,2, Irfan Khan2, Kanwal Haneef3 and Asmat Salim2*

...roved regeneration of damaged β-cells from mature cell type to functional insulin producing β-cells that could serve as a future therapeutic approach for diabetes.

...

Noor Rahmawati*, Dea Indriani Astuti and Pingkan Aditiwati

...microbes is highly encouraged because the results of this study indicate that they may be a reliable source of bioactive compounds, notably antioxidants.

...

Sushan Chowhan1,2*, Md. Moshiur Rahman3, Razia Sultana4,5, Md. Abdur Rouf6, Majharul Islam7 and Sharmin Ara Jannat8

...limate change, land shortage, and ecosystem stresses. These pressing issues necessitate the implementation of robust agricultural policies and focused research and development (R and D) across the crops, fisheries, and livestock sectors to maintain food security. This review aims to examine the current state of agricultural policies and R and D, highlighting crucial areas for future R and D within the crops, fisheries, and livestock sectors. It is noteworthy t...

Gunel Arzuman Ramazanova1, Gulnara Fakhreddin Abbasova2*, Khalsa Ibrahim Nasibova3 and Sait Engindeniz4

...eas of the Garadagli village and brought to the Plant Diseases Diagnostics of Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, transferred to artificial nutrient medium and multiplied. In the study, the intensity of spread of the disease, disease severity index and yield losses were determined according to years and varieties. In addition, income losses caused by yield losses were also analysed. According to results of the study, the highest yield loss rate in 2022 and 2...

Endy Triyannanto1, Danung Nur Adli2, Diah Pratiwi3, Lukman Hakim3, Selma Noor Permadi3, Taufik Kurniawan3, Angga Maulana Firmansyah3, Lina Ivanti3, Dinar Suksmayu Saputri3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4, Hari Hariadi5, Tri Ujilestari3, Teguh Wahyono3* 

...s at 0 and 7 d after storage. Furthermore, redness (a*) value increases with increasing irradiation dose (p < 0.01). As expected, gamma irradiation significantly increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide-oxygen value (POV) (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, total aerobic bacteria, coliform, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) decreased after irradiation treatment (p < 0.01). In conclusion, even though it can decontaminate pathogenic microb...
Rico Anggriawan1, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al-Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5
... chickens in open house cages with additional probiotic nutrition. The research method used is experimental based with a post-test design only for the control group. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). 30 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to three treatments (P0, P1, and P2) at least six times in each group. The results obtained in this research are giving lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with a concentration of 108 CFU/ml to broiler chickens...
Dian Septinova1*, Isnaini Nurfianti2, Denita Eptiana2, Khaira Nova1, Riyanti1
 
*Correspondence | Dian Septinova, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung; Email: [email protected]
...ad a higher shell percentage, smaller yolk diameter, higher yolk and larger yolk index compared to T2. The conclusion of this study is that partially substituting NaCl with KCl and CaCl2 is beneficial for reducing the salt content of salted eggs. However, substitution with KCl is better, producing egg quality similar to the control and even better in terms of salt content and saltiness. Substitution with KCl and the addition of coriander are beneficial for dev...

Masoumeh Hosseynikhah 

...) at the wheat booting stage may be a promising approach to obtain it.  

...

Junaid Khan* and Muhammad Sajid

...d at farmer field of village, Gher Khan, District, Haripur during 2017-2018 with the objectives to optimize the appropriate dose of nitrogen and timing of application for growth and fruit quality of guava crop in winter. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement and three replications. The experimental results revealed that highest ascorbic acid (207.59 mg 100g-1) was recorded in guava fruit tree treated with nitrogen in September. Trees ...

Muhammad Ihsan Ullah2, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Muhmmad Luqman2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Tauseef2, Abrar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shahid2, Qaisar Abbas3, Mussurrat Hussain3, Ali Raza2, Muhammad Musadique Ahmad Khan4, Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5, Sajid Nadeem6

...hat could efficiently manage these sucking insect pests of cotton, the toxicity a few selected insecticides in the field have been assessed in current study. Six insecticides, when used alone or in a combination viz. chlothianidin 200ml/acre, spirotetramate 250ml/acre, matrine 500ml/acre, flunicamid 80gm/acre, imidacloprid + acephate 500gm/acre and dinotefuran 100gm/acre were tested against sucking insect pests such as whiteflies, jassids and thrips on cotton ...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Asmat Ullah2, Arbab Jahangeer1, Naveed Akhtar3, Tahira Tabassum3, Ali Zohaib3, Naveed Ramzan3

...y of a superior field-management opportunity, buildup of soluble salts in rhizosphere can be managed by applying soil mulching which reduces water evaporation from soil hence limits upward movement of salts. Moreover, it also reserves soil moisture, increases utilizing efficiencies of nutrient and water hence improves crop yield. Critical research gaps exist in understanding the long-term effectiveness of various mulching ma...

Abdulaziz S. Alatawi*

...ss and prey species shortages represent serious issues for many wild carnivores. Carnivores may expand their search for prey and suitable habitat to cover a wide area, seeking alternative sources of food at different localities, including human-modified land such as agricultural areas. Agricultural areas in Tabuk Province, north-western kingdom of Saudi Arabia have been expanded substantially over the last three decades. This research studied the potential rol...
Shruti Yadav1,2*, Kamana Singh2, Pratap Adinath Divekar3 and Suhas Gorakh Karkute1,3*
... production is severe damage caused by a Lepidopteran insect pest brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB; Leucinodes orbonalis) leading to almost 60% lossess. In the present study, a codon-modified synthetic Cry2Aa gene was introduced into brinjal through Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Presence of Cry2Aa gene was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis showed single copy insertions in plants of six independent transgenic events. Cry2Aa gene was highly...

Xiaoping Gao1, Yanping Li2*, Renyi Zhang3, Yunyun Lv2, Yongming Wang2, Jinrong Shi2, Jiang Xie2, Chiping Kong1 and Lekang Li1

...ATP8 had the largest average Ka and Ka/Ks, while COI had the lowest, which implied that ATP8 might evolve more quickly than the other mitochondrial protein coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) revealed all Sinocyclocheilus species in this research formed a solid monophyletic group and grouped into two major clades with strong support excluded S. jii. Additionally, S. cyphotergous in this study was clo...

Suhair Sh. Al-Siraj1, Jihan M. Badr2 and Dalia M.A. El-Masry3*

...e utilised to cure or manage infections instead of antibiotics. This study examined the antibacterial effects of Bay leaf (laurusnobilis) aqueous extracts and nano-emulsion against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and their effects on virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The MIC) minimum inhibitory concentration (of both was determined using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) micr...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Tina Rahmawati, Rio Ramanda, Muhtarudin Muhtarudin, Sri Suharyati 

...; Complete Feed 60% + silage 40% (without the addition of natural and synthetic vitamin E), P1; Complete Feed 60% + Silage 40% + Natural Vitamin E 50 IU (equivalent to 223 grams of green bean sprouts), P2; Complete Feed 60% + silage 40% + Synthetic Vitamin E 50 IU. The acquired data was subsequently analyzed using descriptive methods for pH, consistency, color, and odor, while volume, moti...

Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Gerson Frans Bira, Wolfhardus Vinansius Feka 

...ance metrics such as average daily gain (ADG), conversion rate, and feed efficiency. While there were no significant differences in dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) intake among treatments, significant variations (P<0.05) were observed in the intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), carbohydrates (CHO), and metabolizable energy (ME). OM intake in treatments T2 and T3 was higher than in T1; CP intake in treatment T3 was highe...

Noor Nemia Hafed 

...ent, and severe nerve damage. This disease has been seen to spread in low-income countries where the majority of children are malnourished and vitamin B12 is required to create red blood cells and participate in the synthesis of RNA that is deficient. 

...

Real Datta1*, Md- Tariqul Islam2, Md. Afradul Islam3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Tilak Chandra Nath1, Kazi Mehetazul Islam1, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan1 

...e grown under various management systems were obtained. A total of 97 of the 246 investigated fecal samples tested positive for GIT nematodes, resulting in a prevalence of 39.43%. The results show that the presence of GIT nematodes is significantly correlated with the type of farm, breed, frequency of deworming, and body condition score of cattle but not significantly with other factors like animal gender and age. Additional...

Barkat Ali Jatoi1*, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ambreen Laghari2, Abdul Samad Magsi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Aneela Sultan Jatoi5, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon6, Aarab Khan Lund7, Om Parkash1, Atif Ali Malak8 

...l, respectively. The average inhibition zone formed by Moringa oleifera (13.55mm) was noted markedly higher (P<0.05) than that formed by eucalyptus camaldulensis (8.75mm). It could be concluded that the Moringa oleifera plant extract found to be efficient against P. multocida compared to that of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 

...

Md. Zahid Hossain1, Md. Mahfuzul Haque2, Md. Masud Parvej3, Hemayet Hossain3, Faija Sadia  Pory4, Dipsana K.C.5 and Md. Imranuzzaman5*

...ers whereas semen percentages displayed not significant (p<0.05) among three groups. In addition, age of cow and variety of breed are also representing statistically significance (p<0.05) difference among the others as well as interrupted NRR. As the consistent growing livestock economy is grossly dependent on the success rate of AI, the Government should take much more research works to improve the non-return rate. Ex...

Iffat Ara Mahzabin, Mohammad Maruf Hasan*, Saifur Rahman, Md. Asaduzzaman Sarker and Md. Yeakub Ali

...ring the capacity for management, control, and surveillance to manage fisheries effectively and eradicate illegal fishing. To address this issue, we conducted a study to gauge the fishermen’s satisfaction level with the services provided by fisherman identity cards. We conducted the study in two unions of Madarganj upazila (sub-district) under Jamalpur district. A Likert-type scale was used to identify the services the...

Rejvi Ahmed Bhuiya1, Md. Ruhul Amin2 and A.K.M. Kanak Pervez2*

...(UAO) identified six villages in two Union parishads as highly susceptible to drought area. We have collected 1650 farm families living in the villages; the respective list of farmers was collected from UAO. Among 1650, 10% of the farmers were selected as sample size. From January to October 2022, researchers conducted in-person interviews with participants to gather data for this study. Around 49% of the farmers are in the ...

Mohammed Nasir Uddin1, Maimona Monir Jhilam1, Most Zannatun Nahar Mukta1, Zujaja Wahaj2, Mohammad Maruf Hasan1* and Samiha Khan3

...was conducted in two villages under Mohanganj upazila (sub-district) of Netrokona district where 100 farmers were interviewed from April to May 2022 using a structured interview schedule. The primary focus variable i.e., the extent of changes in the livelihood of wetland farmers was assessed using a 3-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors that made significant impacts on the livelihood changes of wetland farmers. ...

Jamal Abdul Nasir1, Naila Chand1, Abdul Hafeez1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...ement in dressing percentage observed in the PO-3 group. Additionally, the antibody titers against NDV, IBV, and IBDV were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the PO-3 group. Similarly, the histological features of the cecum, including villus height, width, and their respective ratio, were significantly higher in PO3 compared to the control group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that supplementing the diet with various levels of oyster mushroom stem was...

Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Mohammed Al-Saiady2, Ahmed El-Waziry3 and Tarek Al-Shaheen1

...g cows were blocked by stage of lactation and assigned to three groups, a control group and two treated groups fed diets containing salmate (25 g/head/day) and extruded flaxseed (7.0%). The formulated control, salmate and extruded flaxseed diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The diets were given to animals from three weeks pre-partum to 160 days postpartum. Reproductive performance and biochemical parameters were investigated in both control and treate...

Catur Suci Purwati1, Chusnul Hanim2*, Lies Mira Yusiati2, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto3

... of 15 goats with an average initial body weight of 15 - 23 kg and age 8 - 12 months, were used in the study with completely randomised design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and six replications. The three treatments tested were as follows: A: without adding cinnamon powder (0 g/kg feed DM); treatment B: Concentrate with cinnamon powder addition (30 g/kg feed DM); treatment C: Concentrate with cinnamon powder addition ...

Rijanto Hutasoit1,3, Edison Purba2*, Simon Petrus Ginting3, Nevy Diana Hanafi2

...ay irradiation as a roughage animal feed and its effect in soil characteristics on saline soil. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments of gamma-irradiated M2 generation I. zollingeriana (0, 100, 200, and 300 gray) and six replications. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and then evaluated using an orthogonal polynomial contrast test. In this study, the soil characteristics were analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that there wa...

Desak Nyoman Dewi Indira Laksmi1*, I. Gusti Ngurah Bagus Trilaksana1, I. Wayan Sukernayasa1, Nyoman Oka Widiarta2, I. Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan1, I Made Merdana3

...g Center in Sobangan Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The results showed that the appearance time of estrus was faster with leptin than without it, which was 7.56 days after administration. Meanwhile, with and without leptin, the intensity score remained the same, at 2 (moderate intensity). Primiparas had a longer post-partum estrus performance than pluriparas. Furthermore, leptin increases estrogen production, stimulated by FSH and IGF-1, an aromatas...

Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2

...search employed a multistage sampling technique to acquire primary research data, and the Cobb-Douglas type Stochastic Frontier Production model was utilized with maximum likelihood estimation. The outcomes unveiled a technical efficiency range of 0.73 to 0.76, with an average of 0.75. Notably, variables such as seedling, ploughing, labor, FYM, and pesticide demonstrated statistically significant, while urea, DAP, and irriga...

Islam S Alani*, Huda Sadoon Al-Biaty

...y higher in the advanced age group (10–15 years), with a 100% expression rate. Furthermore, there was a significant variation in periostin expression among different breeds (P≤0.05). The statistical analysis indicates that there is no significant variation in periostin expression across different cancer groups based on type (P≤0.01), stage (P≤0.01), and grade (P≤0.01) of cancer.In conclusion, periostin expr...
Hai Thanh Nguyen1*, Cuong Kien Nguyen2, Duy Ba Ngo2, Anh Thi Ngoc Dang1*
...process for reducing storage times, rather than the oxidation of proteins and vitamins, as UFAs easily react with oxidizing agents, leading to the destruction of lipid structure, change of meat texture and color, and alteration of pork taste from aroma to rancidity. The addition of ingredients with high UFAs into daily diets is, therefore, necessary to enhance the synthesis of these UFAs and improve pork quality value. Simul...

Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman2, Muhammad Ismail3, Rahmul Kabir4 and Abdul Qahar1

... cells from oxidative damage, which is implicated in various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant potential of extracts obtained from Crab Himalayapotamon emphysetum using various in vitro assays. Different solvents of varying polarities including ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and water were employed for extraction. The results demonstrated significant antioxidant activity across different extr...

Qais Abdulrahman M. Al-Jaghifi, Zina Saab Khudhir* 

...osan as an antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from frozen and fresh beef was evaluated. Bacterial isolates were confirmed using cultural, biochemical, and the VITEK 2 system. All suspected MRSA isolates tested positive for MRSA. In frozen meat samples (n=50) collected from different markets in Baghdad city, the number and isolation percentage (%) of S. aureus and MRSA were...

Waheed Iqbal* and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...d wild life conservation agencies for sustainable management of these resources. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study shows that butterfly species (Potohar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan) are threatened due to increased predator population and habitat destruction due to human intervention and excessive use of insecticides and pesticides and should be preserved and protec...

Razaq Animashahun1, Funmilayo Okeniyi1, Olayinka Alabi1, Samuel Olawoye1, Precious Oluwafemi1, Princess Odhe1, Oluwatola Akintola1, Adedeji Animashahun2

... conducted. The rabbits, aged eight weeks, were assigned in a Completely Randomized Design into five dietary treatments, each containing 12 rabbits per group with 3 replicates. Treatment 1 served as the control, while treatments 2, 3, and 4 included 6% tithonia, parkia, and synedrella leaf meal, respectively. Treatment 5 consisted of 2% each of these three leaf meals. The results indicated a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the growth performance due to the...

Mohammed Abdulameer Rashid Al-Sarray1, Hasanain Jihad Neamah2*, Sarah Gatea Fayyadh AL-Omairi1

...perm motility at the storage, and the pH level increased by adding 2 mg O.M. oil to the diluted semen, O.M. powder or oil which is added to diluted semen leads to decreased MDA and increased TAC levels.
 
Keywords | Chemical parameters, Cryopreservation, Origanum majorana, Ram semen, Sperm motility, Cooling storage
...

Muhammad Sajid1*, Muhammad Hamid2, Usama Ayyub2 and Muhammad Azam2 

..., which causes causative agent Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF, is a tick-borne illness that can cause various symptoms, from non-symptomatic infection to deadly viral hemorrhagic fever. More than 30 nations have reported cases of the disease recently. To provide a general understanding of the virology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic testing, and diagnostics, and antiviral treatment of CCHF, we provide a critical reviewed of the literature. The ch...

Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1

...lting from inadequate management practices in fields, harvesting, processing, transportation, storage, and distribution. This waste not only represents a loss of food but also leads to degradation of valuable components, including bioactive compounds, with significant implications for various industries and applications. Common and unconventional manufacturing processes for FV waste utilization are discussed, emphasizing the...
Saadeya Ali Lefelef Al-Gnami1, Fatima Ibrahim Mohammad2, Huda Jassim Mohammed Al-Helali3
...eceived a single oral dosage of vitamin C and dexamethasone. After the end of experiment the animals were dissected and blood samples were collected for measuring Hb levels, PCV, mean cell volumes, MCHC, and RBCs, and the livers samples were removed from all animals and reserved them in formalin 10% for histological examination. The results of the present study exhibited a notable rise (p<0.05) in RBC count, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in T1 and T2 as compa...

Muhammad Shahid Hassan1, Nargis Naz2, Hassan Raza Javeed1*, Sabahat Zafar1, Laraib Kanwal1, Seerat Mariyum1, Areej Fatima1, Areeba Bashir1 and Muhammad Imran Atta3

...hts for targeted weed management in wheat cultivation.

...
Ilker Ugulu1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Humayun Bashir2
Naunain Mehmood3, Asma Zafar2 and Muhammad Sohail2
...heavy metals in soil, forage and blood plasma of horses in Central Punjab, Pakistan. Concentrations of metals, cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in these samples were determined. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of metals. The concentrations of all the analysed heavy metals differed significantly with different seasonal periods. The mean Fe, Co, Mn and Se values in blood plasma samples of 4 year...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and 
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...rrence between different age groups, but animals aged <1 year revealed high mortality. The analysis confirmed that the Holstein breed, females, summer season, and communal water and feeding system all have a major impact on LSD occurrence in cattle. To control the spread of LSD infection, introducing of new animals into the herd must be monitored and vaccination by Neethling strain is recommended. Conventional PCR rely on...
Ayub Khawar1, Noor Khan1*, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Mahroze Fatima1, Fayyaz Rasool3, Khalid Mahmood Anjum4, Hamda Azmat1, Shahid Sherzada1, Anjum Khalique5, Sadia Nazir1, Sheeza Bano1, Sakhawat Ali6 and Muhammad Asghar1
... fish groups. The percentage level of dry matter was significantly higher in T3 fish and ash percentage was significantly higher in T2 fish relative to T3, T1 and CTRL groups. Amylase and Lipase concentration was significantly higher in T2 fish compared with T3, T1 and CTRL groups. Protease concentration was significantly higher in T3 fish, followed by the T1, T2 and CTRL fish groups. Lastly, the presence of Lactobacillus fe...

Sher Afgan1, Muhammad Asif2, Iqra Yaqoob3, Muhammad Latif4, Zureesha Sajid2, Kainat Akram3, Ghulam Mujtaba5, Manzoor Hussain6, Muhammad Farooq1, Mourad Ben Said7,8* and Furhan Iqbal3*

...nt study. Subjects whose age varied between 41 and 55 years and women suffered more from RA.  It is concluded that polymorphisms in GSTs may disturb the protection provided by them against oxidative stress which may influence disease progression in RA.

...

Mukondwa Olivia1, Rugare Joyful Tatenda1, Mabasa Stanford1 and Mandumbu Ronald2*

...n the integrated weed management for the rural farmers in Zimbabwe.

...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat, Muhammad Zeshan Maajid, Mubashar Nadeem and Amjed Ali

...ng its cost-effective management. Studies were carried out to find out competitive effect of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) on wheat at research area of College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan during winter season 2014-15. Experimental treatments included varying densities (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plant m-2) of Convolvulus arvensis. The weed densities were maintained by thinning the excess weed seedlings one week after crop emergence....

Fasih Ullah Haider1,2, Sardar Alam Cheema1and Muhammad Farooq1,3

.... Pesticides not only damage the human health but also pollute the air, soil, water and becoming part of food chain. One of the options to minimize weed infestation is intercropping of cover crops between cash crops to reduce the weed suppression. Cover crops are the plants grown inn field in such a way that these plants give soil cover despite it may be incorporated in field or not and also facilities weed suppression, control soil erosion, improve soil ferti...

Abdessatar Omezine1

... harvest time at 40 days age from transplantation. The relative interaction index, relative competition intensity and actual dry weight loss was calculated for both species. These intercropping evaluation indices showed that C. annuum is a weak competitor and S. verticillata is a strong competitor. The dry weight advantage was caused by the rapid growth of S. verticillata. C. annuum cannot grow with S. verticillata due to ve...

Zahid Fazal1, Jaweria Gul2, Muhammad Subhan, Khan Sher and Qasir Ali

... importance value %, average importance value, Constancy classes and Importance value constancy index of various weeds of the area were recorded. The mean data across surveyed localities revealed that the flora is dominated by Digitaria sanguinalis with the highest relative density of 63.78% in maize, 58.78% in potato and 33.11% in mungbean, among all species. In all three crops studied, 23 weed species were competitive with the crops. Based on the Importance ...

Shahida Naveed1, Salma2, Inayatullah Khattak3 and Khan Bahadar Marwat4

... were studied at six villages namely Karnal Sher Kalay, Tarakai, Bachai, Kalu Khan, Adina and Ismaila of Tehsil Razzar, District Swabi during summer 2016 with ethnomedicinal perspectives. A total of 62 most common weeds, belonging to 57 genera and 28 families, were found to be used by local folks for the treatment of different ailments. Among the monocots, family Poaceae was the dominant family having nine genera and nine species (14.75 %) followed by dicotyle...

Fawad Ali1, 2, Gul Hassan2*, Naveed Akhtar3, Muhammad Jamal Babar3 and Ataullah Jan4

...ct that under annual tillage regime the perennials are not successful to establish as their perennating parts are disturbed by tillage, while the short lived annuals germinate, establish, set seed and vanish.

...

Gul Hassan, Anees Amin, Haroon ur Rashid, Naqib Ullah Khan and Hussain Ali1

...ected before flowering stage, chopped into about 1 cm pieces, dried and then incorporated into soil 30 days before planting. The treatments included NPK at recommended dose alone and NPK + 1, 2, 3 and 4% dried parthenium (w/w of soil). For comparison, treatments like dried berseem 2% (w/w) and untreated (0 NPK and 0 Parthenium or berseem); were also employed. The experiments were replicated four times as factorial in completely randomized design (CRD). Eight s...

Zuyang Zhou1, Xi He2, Yufang Liu1, Qiuling Li3, Pingqing Wang2, Yongfu An4, Ran Di1, Yuze Yang5 and Mingxing Chu1*

...ted with milk fat percentage, and the milk fat percentage of homozygous genotype AA was significantly higher than the other genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) analysis showed that g.17924G>A in the cows population belonged to the intermediate polymorphism level. The results preliminarily indicated that g.17924 G>A of FASN gene is a potential genetic marker for application of marker-assisted selection...

Ghulam Rasool1, Ayesha Aihetasham1*, Zulfiqar Ali1* and Rida Ahmad1,2

...nding the species assemblages and migration connectivity of geese species is crucial for their conservation and management. It helps identify important stopover sites, breeding grounds, and wintering areas, allowing for targeted conservation efforts and the preservation of key habitats along their migratory routes. This study was designed to investigate the avian richness and habitat suitability of geese species at wetlands ...

Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam

... 2.0 to 6.0, with an average of 3.48 was observed at various loci. The average observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.664 to 0.76 and 0.631 to 0.664, respectively. For all tested loci, population combinations showed significant deviation (p<0.05) from HWE. The AMOVA indicated that most of the variation lied within individuals in populations of H. molitrix. Based on Nei’s genetic distance, UPGMA dendrog...

Huzaifa Hammad1, Bakhtiar Gul1, Haroon Khan1, Muhammad Fawad1*, Hafizullah2, Haidar Ali3 and Tamana Bakht4

YP Arios1,2*, J Pamungkas3, IWT Wibawan3, D Iskandriati4, CS Tan5, SPH Rahman5

...heir owners and often engage with people and other animals outside of their household. Earlier research has suggested that pets can create an immune response to SARS-CoV-2; yet, it remains unclear whether the antibodies produced can effectively shield these animals against the virus. Data and studies regarding the presence of COVID-19 in dogs and cats in Indonesia and those being trafficked are useful to provide initial information on the presence of this dise...
Safaa Sabbar Atiyah1*, Ali Abdullah Zuairi Al-Sadoon2, Shifaa Kadhum Jieish2
...y, abnormal sperm percentage, dead sperm percentage, and membrane integrity. The overall means were 51.11 %, 65.55 %, and 60.55%, for motility, 4.00 %, 4.33 %, and 1.5%, for abnormal sperm, 19.80 %, 17.64 %, and 19.33%, for dead sperm, and 74.25%, 78.63%, and 78.33%, for membrane integrity, respectively, for T1, T2, and T3. No significant differences were observed for dead sperm among 0.03 AEAV and the control group, abnorma...
Never Assan1,2, Michael Musasira3, Maphios Mpofu3, Nicholas Mwayera4, Kwena Mokoena5, Thobela Louis Tyasi5
... the influence of dental age on predicting body weight (BWT) using Linear body measurements (LBM) in 168 indigenous Matebele goat females of Zimbabwe. LBM and BWT were recorded at various stages of permanent incisor eruption (PE): second pair (I2), third pair (I3), fourth pair (I4), full mouth (FM), and broken mouth (BM). The LBMs were measured using a ruler and centimeter-calibrated tailor’s tape, while BWT was measur...
Sohaila Fathi El-Hawary1, Nermeen M.L. Malak2, Reda A. Gomaa3, Hesham Z. Tawfeuk3, Suzan Ismail4, Nady Khairy Elbarbary5*
...ulfamethoxazole. The average MAR score was 0.530 indicating that the isolates have acquired a hereditary resistance that poses a public health hazard to customers. Moreover, the marinate with 5% lemon juice (LJ) and 3% pomegranate peel (PPE) extract had a positive impact on the diminution of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus counts during the storage period by 48.47% and 37.3% for the LJ solution and by 41.51...

Essa D Alhtheal1*, Sufian S Salman2, Salah M AL-Kubaisi3

...p and in the induction stage before giving it the treatment compared to the negative control group, respectively. In a hematological examination, the means of RBC count (1012/l) did not reveal differences in the negative control group. They were 6.5, 7.1, and 6.99 in three consecutive periods, respectively, while the positive control group, there were significant differences in RBC count (1012/l) between zero time, 15-day, and 45-day periods, as it decreased f...

Afnan Ahmed Allhyani1, Mohamed Baeshen1, Nagwa Thabet Elsharawy2,3

...pathogens, Antimicrobial agents, Meat preservation, Goat meat
...

Al-Sadik Y. Saleem1, Mohamed Y.I. Youssef1, Fayza A. Ahmed1*, Shereen El. Abdel-Hamid1, Enas N. Said1, 2, Heba S.A. Gharib1, Asmaa I. Abdelaty1 

...growth rate. Thus, the usage of extracted oils as a feed additive is very essential to increase growth performance and achieve welfare of Nile tilapia fingerlings.
 
Keywords | Extracted Oils, Behavioural Patterns, Crossing Test, Growth Rate, Welfare
...

Doni Supadil1, Sri Melia2*, Indri Juliyarsi2

...fferent types and percentages of sweet potato flour on prebiotic and antioxidant properties. An experimental design was employed, preparing three types of sweet potato flour: white (A1). purple( A2), yellow (A3), and These flours were added to fermented milk in varying proportions: 0% (B1), 3% (B2), and 6% (B3), with three repetitions for each treatment. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) of sweet potato type and flour percent

Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*

...mestic cats of different age groups and sexes. In this study, 40.45% cats were found to be infected with FPV, where mortality rate and case fatality rate were 23.66% and 58.49%, respectively. FPV cases were most frequently recorded in non-vaccinated young local male domestic cats. Anorectic condition, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, and different level of dehydration were recorded as the prominent clinical signs in FPV infection. Fluid therapy (5% dextrose saline...

Noor Nemia Hafed 

...ent, and severe nerve damage. This disease has been seen to spread in low-income countries where the majority of children are malnourished and vitamin B12 is required to create red blood cells and participate in the synthesis of RNA that is deficient. 

...

Bunga Rimta Barus1, Masfria Masfria2*, Aminah Dalimunthe3, Sovia Lenny4

...barriers resulting in damage to a specific area of the skin. Insufficient wound care may lead to further complications such as wound infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium capable of causing wound infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gel formulations containing the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from red ginger leaves in facilitating the healing process of excision wounds. The study utilized 30 male Wistar rats, d...

Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1*, Diky Ramdani1, Iman Hernaman2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Yulianri Rizki Yanza2

... no influence on the average weight gain in mass (AWG, Kg/head/day), body condition scores (BCS), DMI (g/day), dry matter digestibility (DMD, %), crude protein digestibility (CPD, %), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD, %), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, %), and blood urea levels. However, a significant reduction in blood glucose levels was observed (P = 0.002). A sub-group analysis showed that spent tea leaves supplementation affected the ...

Hasan Ali Al-Sailawi1, Araa Ali Hadi1, Hussein A. Raheem2, Mustafa Mudhafar3,4, Sahi J Dhahi5, Qais R. Lahhob6*

...used by removing skin damage. Although grafting is less popular than flap closures, the aesthetic outcome can still be good. The present study aimed to investigate the grafting of the skin of albino male rabbits by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and Serratiopeptidase and then compare their effect on the skin grafting of rabbits. Nine rabbits were divided into three groups. Each group had three animals: Group 1 (G1) was used as a control (skin grafting without any dru...

Edy Rianto1, Nadlirotun Luthfi2*, Retno Adiwinarti1, Agung Purnomoadi1

...y one thin-tailed lambs (aged 3 months) were allocated into a completely randomised design with 3 treatments of feeding level, namely T1= 4% body weight (BW), T2 = 5.5% BW and T3 = ad libitum. The diet was given in pellet form, containing 61.79% total digestible nutrients (TDN) and 13.74% crude protein (CP). The lambs were raised from an initial body weight of 11 kg until their body weight reached 25 kg. The parameters measured were body weight gain (BWG), fee...

Mohammed Haider Asker1*, Yahya Fawzi Hashim2, Huda Hamid Mohsen3

...l protective therapeutic agents against cardiotoxicity. This study investigates the cardioprotective efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against nitrofurantoin-induced cardiac damage. For this purpose, rabbits were categorized into four groups: control group was mock-treated with distal water only (G1), another group was treated with nitrofurantoin alone (G2), a third group with CoQ10 alone (G3), and a fourth group was treated ...

Saima Maher1*, Salma javed2*, Gul mina1, Rizwana Salam1, Farah Mukhttar1, Noureen Khan3 and Fakhra Batool3 

...potential as nematicidal agents based on their phytochemical composition and demonstrated activity against nematodes. The effectiveness of medicinal plant extracts against M. incognita, the research also emphasizes the need for further investigations to isolate active components, optimize concentrations, and develop practical application methods for field use. The research emphasizes the need for further investigations to isolate active components, optimize co...

Baraa Najim Al-Okaily 

...ulation and potential damage to molecules and cells. Thus, this review is designed to highlight the important roles of oxidative stress on various physiological functions particularly in liver and kidney. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals generated within cellular mitochondria that can impact plenty physiological functions in either a positive or negative manner. Under normal physiological circumstances, the cells of the body generate...

Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi1, Majeed Ajafar2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory2 * 

...20 Lohman brown chickens aged 80 weeks were exposed to force molting for 6 weeks using the fasting program. All laying hens were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each containing three replicates (8 chickens/ replicate). Hens in the first group were fed the basal diet without supplementation and served as the control (G1), while those in the 2nd (G2), 3rd (G3), 4th (G4), and 5th (G5) groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and...

Mehak Muhammad Ashfaq1*, Aqsa Naeem Chawla1, Muhammad Umaid Ali1 and Adnan Ahmed Bhutto2

..., population size, and usage of various chocolate product types, dosages, and contents, additional large-scale human experiments are required to validate and advocate the chocolate diet. An increasing amount of research shows the beneficial effects of dark chocolate high in flavonoids, particularly on cardiac arrest, hypertension, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and platelet functions through many mechani...

Wazir Ahmed1*, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2, Muhammad Waseem Akhtar3, Muhammad Nauman Hanif1, Aiman Salah ud Din4 and Ahmad Mahmood1

...d for seed dormancy breakage and better crop stand.

...

Auras Muhi Taha*, Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim, Hassanein Abduladeem, Mohammed Qais Yassen, Omaima Khalid Ahmed and Tabark Najim Abdul-Allah

...t increase. Their percentages ranged between 12.15% and 11.34% over the past decade, and we believe that drought has a clear impact on this deterioration due to decreased rainfall and the use of poor-quality water for irrigation, in addition to increased concentrations of salts that continuously accumulate in the soil without leaching it.

...

Nadlirotun Luthfi1, Edy Rianto2*, Endang Purbowati2, Christina Maria Sri Lestari2, Agung Purnomoadi2, Nurul Mukminah3 

...ts were divided into two age groups (young and mature) and fed at either low feeding level (maintenance) or high feeding level (production). The ration contained 18% crude protein (CP) and 75% total digestible nutrients (TDN). Parameters evaluated included nutrient intake, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, rumen ammonia levels, microbial protein production, methane emissions, and nitrogen excretion. The study found significant differences in nu...
Namaat R Abdulla1*, Abdullah FA2, Ali Abd Kadhum3, Ghanyem HS4, Noor R Abdulla5
...e role of NTM as acausal agent of SCM was investigated by PCR amplification of NTM 16S rRNA gene in faecal samples of cows and ewes. The higher prevalence (21.7%) of SCM was observed in scows followed by prevalence of SCM in ewes (16%). The difference between this two prevalence was not considered to be statistically significant (p >0.05).
 
Keywords | 16S rRNA, Mastitis, NTM
...

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Mouloud Lamtai1, Zineb El Marzouki1, Amal Dimaoui1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

...s and long-term sex- and age-related behavioral changes in adolescence. Two cohorts of neonatal rats were used in the study. The first cohort included 80 male and female rats, which were sacrificed at various times after LPS (250 µg/kg) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) injection on postnatal day 2 (PND2). Brain regions were collected for biochemical analysis. The second cohort consisted of 20 rats, with equal gender distribution, divided into PBS- and LP...

Idrissi Ouedrhiri Housna1, Bikri Samir1,2*, Benloughmari Douae1, Aboussaleh Youssef1

...could improve disease management and the quality of life for patients.
 
Keywords | Diabetes, Melatonin, Oxidative stress, Metformin, Anxiety and depression
...

Adsadawut Sanannam1, Worawatt Hanthongkul2, Yu-Jing Liao3, Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree4, Pattaraporn Tatsapong4, Amornrat Wanangkarn4,5, Anurak Khieokhajonkhet4,5, Niran Aeksiri4,5, Sureeporn Saengwong6, Wilasinee Inyawilert4,5*

...and gilts in the early stages can greatly enhance reproductive efficiency and financial success in pig farming. Vaginal cytology is a reliable and direct technique used to identify the estrus phase and can distinguish animals that are returning to the estrus stage. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in altering the extracellular matrix (ECM) throughout pregnancy and parturition. The aim of this study ...

Bilal Ahmed1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1*, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1 and Asep Setiaji1 

... of natural fermentation agents like Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can be methanogenic. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been under question for it’s possible methanogenic effects. This meta-analysis showed Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation did not significantly alter methane emissions (CH4), dry matter intake (DMI), or rumen pH in dairy cows, this study provides valuable insights into future dose-dependent studies to address the methanogen...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Yasmeen Buriro1, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1 and Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito

...o dirty-brown at later stages. The 1st instar stage measurement was recorded (0.98±0.31), 2nd (172±0.40), 3rd (2.86±0.52), 4th (0.63±0.25), and 5th (3.54±0.70) mm at (30±2°C). Similarly, at (20±2°C), the 1st instar stage measured (0.45±0.21), 2nd (0.67±0.28), 3rd (1.20±0.37), 4th (2.10±0.45), and 5th (2.96...

Aasma Rasheed1, Dilbar Hussain2, Usama Saleem1, Saddam Hussain3, Zeeshan Javed1, Mashal Shahzadi1, Muhammad Sohail Qadir2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mawra Rafique4, Ayesha Ikram5, Saad Rasheed1 and  Muhammad Asrar1*

...control strategies to manage sucking insect pests comprehensively.

...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...ds become a preservative agent, therefore, the objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) as a preservative in a kefir-type fermented milk beverage. A completely randomized design was used where C (control) presented the percentages of natural kefir; T1 1Lt/ 3mlA; T2 1Lt/ 5mlA; T3 1Lt / 7mlA with three tre...

Kremlin Mark B. Ampode1,2,3*, Ramanathan Solaiyappan1, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan1 

...t differences in the average body weight of the fish. Specifically, there was no notable impact on body weight across the different treatment groups (P>0.05). However, significant effects were observed in various antioxidant biomarkers (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities in the gills showed significant enhancement (P=0.008), whereas no significant change was detected in the liver (P=0.088). Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities significantl...

Rafika Febriani Putri1, Chairdin Dwi Nugraha2, Ari Ardiantoro3, Irida Novianti1, Irisa Trianti4, Wike Andre Septian1, Ahmad Furqon5, Kuswati Kuswati1, Nashi Widodo6, Suyadi Suyadi1*

...ts. 15 male Kacang goats aged 12-19 months were used in this research. The 4% feed level group had the highest average body weight. The 2% level group showed the lowest average body weight results among all groups. The group of goats given the 2% feed level (Group I) lay down more, and their drinking frequency increased compared to other groups of goats (P<0.05). Feeding levels provided...

Renny Fatmyah Utamy1*, Ambo Ako1, Hasbi Hasbi1, Zyahrul Ramadan2, Andi Arif Rahman Hakim2,3, Siti Annisa Sukri2

... dry matter intake of forage, concentrate, total consumption, milk yield, feed conversion efficiency, heart rate, body temperature, heat tolerance coefficient, or Benezra coefficients. In early lactation, dairy cows are susceptible to negative energy balance, which can reduce performance and affect physiological values. Proper feed intake can help address the negative energy balance (NEB), many cows get NEB during this phase. Performance and physiological valu...

Elham M. Hosny1*, Saad Mahmoud Saad1, Marionette Zaghloul Nassif2, Amani Mohamed Salem1

...rk as natural antifungal agents against Candida albicans, both in vivo and in vitro. The broth microdilution assay was used for testing how well Spirulina platensis and propolis extracts inhibit fungal growth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Spirulina platensis (SPP) and propolis extracts (PEE) against Candida albicans were determined to be 0.5 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL, respectively. The initial work confirmed that Spirulina platensis and propolis etha...

Mohamed Ahmed Abaza1, Amany O. Selim2, Mona Abdallah3, Shimaa A.E. Atwa4, Hala El Daous5, Mona Abd-Allah Abd-Elrehim6, Mohamed M.S. Gaballa7, Reda R. Fathy1*

...ess of 50mg/kg ration dosage compared with colistin as commercial antibiotic at 5 days old. E. coli serotype O6 was the highest prevalent and pathogenic multi drug resistant bacterial strain.The assessment parameters were clinical signs, post-mortem lesions and histopathological picture which showed effective role of ZnO-NPs as bacterial inhibitor in the treated groups compared to control one. Quantitative analysis showed that ZnO-NPs significantly lowered gro...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Abdul Hafeez Mastoi2, Sanaullah Sattar3, Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito4 and Shahid Ali Jakhrani1

...implications for pest management against destructive insect pest species of the cotton crop in future endeavors. 

...

Rael Jepkogei Masai 

...d helminth free-living stage survival. The study was carried out in Nandi Hills Sub-County Hospital in Nandi County and data was collected from 300 pregnant study participants. The study period was stratified into wet season and dry season. Consenting participants provided stool samples that were processed by formal-ether concentration techniques and results recorded as either positive or negative. Capillary blood samples was collected for slide preparations a...

Nasr Tarq Mohammed 

...d accessible therapeutic agent in cancer treatment strategies. 

...

Khaeruddin1,2, Gatot Ciptadi1, Muhammad Yusuf3, Hermawansyah2, Sahiruddin3 and Sri Wahjuningsih1*

...n spermatozoa during storage.

...

Xinxing Wang1,4, Yunrong Shi2, Guobao Chen1, Tao Chen1, Kui Zhang1,3* and Wenhua Liu4*

...lies and 167 genera. Average numbers of (families, genera, species), (genera, species), and (species) per order, family, and genus, (4.39, 9.28, 14.94), (2.11, 3.41), and (1.61) were recorded. An average taxonomic distinctness of 75.0, and variation in taxonomic distinctness 99.8 were calculated. Whereas, an average taxonomic distinctness reveals genetic relationships between PRE fish spec...

Shah Fahad* and Akhtar Ali 

...ral production. Four villages were randomly selected such as Qazi Killi, Tarnab, Mughdar Zai and Musa Zai. The total households’ number was 10496. A sample size of 385 was drawn out of total households through Yamani formula. Proportional allocation method was used for equal representation of the respondents. Interview schedule was used as a tool for the collection of primary data. The data results indicates that majority of the respondents were having <...

Iqrar Hussain1, Ibrar Hussain2, Fazal-i-Wahid2, Ghani Gul3, Waseem Ullah Shah*4, Muhammad Numan5 and Muhammad Anas4*

...maximum sprouting percentage (57.77 %), number of tuber plant-1 (5.22), tubers weight plant-1 (0.659 g), tuber diameter (3.28 cm), tuber yield ha-1 (25.57 tons) and minimum days to emergence (17.44 days). Among the three cultivars, Desiree showed maximum sprouting percentage (62.08 %), number of tubers plant-1 (4.58), tuber weight plant-1 (0.55 g), tuber diameter (2.970 cm) tuber yield ha-1 (25.01 tons) and minimum day to em...

Muhammad Saleem1*, Dilbar Hussain1, Tamseela Mumtaz2, Saeed Ahmad3, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah3, Muhammad Luqman3, Muhammad Shafqat4, Fiaz Hussain5, Muhammad Sajjad6, Kaynat Shahzadi2, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1 and Muhammad Hasnain1

...an. It causes serious damages to cotton crops and has negative impact on economy of the country. At the present study, theeffects of different new generation insecticides and insect growth regulators were evaluatedagainst 3rd instar larvae of H. armigera. Three insecticides viz., pyriproxyfen 10.8%EC,chlorantraniliprole 20SC, emamectin benzoate 1.9EC, and one insect growth regulator (IGR), lufenuron, 50EC was tested against H. armigera larvae by using lea...

Chaiyawit Muangmee1, Veerapan Pongvatnanusorn2, Kanakorn Sawangcharoen3, Thun Chaitorn4, Nuttapon Kassakorn5 and Shahab E. Saqib*5

...atus of farmer groups engaged in processing agricultural products (PAPs) in Thailand and investigate their capacity for innovative prototyping. Data were collected on 55 prototype agricultural products from 1,650 farmers in different regions of Thailand. The data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation model. The results showed the importance of factors such as entrepreneurial skills, man...

Kouakou Yadom Yao François-Regis*, Kra Kouamé Daniel and Atta Diallo Hortense

...d as a control. Second-stage juveniles and eggs of M. incognita were exposed to extracts for 72 hours and 10 days, respectively. Egg-hatching inhibition and juvenile mortality were used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of extracts. Castor leaf extracts were applied to okra soils infested with M. incognita. The gall index, gall reduction, and nematode reproduction were determined. The unhatched egg rate ranged from 49.50 to 81.60%, and the juvenile mortality v...

Estrelle Anne Tacbas1, Neil Pep Dave Sumaya2 and Nanette Hope Sumaya1,3*

...ifferent developmental stages of C. elegans (i.e., 1st to 4th larval stages (L1-L4), young adult (YA) and adult nematodes) were used for in vitro anthelmintic assay, mortality, development of life stages, and reproduction of the nematode. Both plant extracts caused high mortality in the L4 stage for their LC50 and LC90 values. Notably, the crude extracts...

Milivoje Uroševic1, Darko Drobnjak1, Radomir Mandic2* and Sava Lazic3

...med two h apart. The average amount of milk obtained per day per donkey is 346.6 ml. There is a large variation interval between the minimum and maximum amount of milk obtained which indicates the heterogeneity of the individuals used in production and that there was no selection work for this type of production. The average amount of milk is smaller compared to Zapata where selection for milk production was made. Morphologi...

Ferry Lismanto Syaiful*, Jaswandi Jaswandi, Mangku Mundana, Zaituni Udin 

... the oocyte maturation stage, the culture period was 24 hours, while for in vitro fertilization, various culture periods (6, 12, 18h) were utilized. The analysis of research data acquisition was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design, utilizing SPSS. The results of in vitro maturation of Pesisir cattle oocytes indicate the development of GV (Germinal Vesicle), GVBD (Germinal Vesicle Breakdown), M-I (Maturation-I) and M-II (Maturation-II) cells in diffe...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

...ats and sheep of various ages, breeds, sexes, and locations were inspected and examined for tick infestation. A total of 1774 goats and 1044 sheep were found to be tick infested, and the percentage prevalence was 59.37 for goats and 51.45 for sheep were recorded. Our studies showed tick diversity, infestation rate, and numerous factors (season, age, and gender of host) influencing tick inf...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Inam-ul-Haq1, Attiq Ur Rehman1, Javeria Sherani3, Muhammad Imran3 and Rizwan Latif4

...ting and survival percentage. Results of study revealed that the rooting ability of oil purpose varieties is more as compare to table purpose olive varieties. Maximum rooting was observed in olive variety BARI Zaitoon-1 followed by Koroneiki, Arbosana, Arbiquina, and Monzanillo. In case of cutting plantation mid-August to mid-October (S1) was found most suitable time period in order to get maximum survival rate. Commercial nursery owners should use this time w...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Ayesha Maqsood1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Rabia Tahir4, Habiba Jamil1, Fozia Afzal5, Ahrar Khan6,7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1, Shahnaz Rashid3, Aliya Noreen8, Kashfa Akram1 and Maria Niaz1

...llected across different age groups and compared with those from 100 unexposed individuals. Demographic characteristics of the pesticide-exposed workers in the district were also observed. Hematological and biochemical parameters, including WBCs, RBCs, hemoglobin, HCT, MCHC, MCH, lymphocytes, MCV, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, potassium, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus, as well as AST, CPK, LDH, glucose, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, ALT, and ALP, were a...

Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Hafiz Ullah Khan

...lation and their poor management led to water scarcity that ultimately badly threatened global food security. This study aims to identify the degree of agricultural water poverty and to propose a map of AWP in district Dir Lower, using GIS. The data of five major components of AWPI; resources, usage, capacity, access, and environment, and their sub-components were collected through a questionnaire survey including questions ...

Mokammel Hossain Tito, Most Hoor E Jannat, Marzia Afrose, S.M. Jubayer Ahmed, Shah Md Maruf, Md. Arafat Hossain, Safiullah Samani, Ruksana Jahan Mira, Barshon Saha, Asraful Islam Jihad and Tonmoy Kumar Das

...for proactive disease management strategies, offering a pathway towards safeguarding livestock and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices.

...

Mohammed H. Asker*, Nagham S. Mohammed, Zinah S. Zamil  

...rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged 8–9 weeks, were divided into four groups: intact rabbits receiving distilled water (Group 1), intact rabbits receiving oral vitamin C (10.166 mg/kg/B.W) (Group 2), ovariectomized rabbits receiving distilled water (Group 3), and ovariectomized rabbits receiving oral vitamin C (Group 4). All treatments were administered orally daily. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized, and kidney tissues were collected...

Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy1, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed1*, Mahmoud Sayed Sayah2,1, Ashraf Ali Mehany1, Ezzat Arafa Ahmed El-Beltagi1, Shimaa M. Ali1

...considering then the average daily gain (ADG) from birth to weaning in each animal; 2nd group that had moderate values, and 3rd group that had the highest values. The results indicated that the 3rd group exhibited the 33.47% and 19.60% highest ADG, with decreased levels of GH by 14.05% and 17.96%, and elevated LP by 22.41% and 32.72% in males and females at 540 d, respectively, compared to then the 1st group, which delayed in all age
Hussein Ali Naji1, Saad Hashim Al-Husseiny2, Zainab Abdul Hussein Saud3 and Wesssam Monther Mohammed Saleh1*
... serum samples of cattle aged from 2-5 years were analyzed with competitive enzyme – linked immunosorbent assay for Schmalleneberg virus. All the suspected animals suffered from many recurrent non-specific clinical signs such as dropping of milk production 78 (100%), loss of appetite 70 (89.74%), still birth 46 (58.97%), abortion 28 (35.89%) and malformation 4 (5.12%). The results of competitive ELISA technique indicated the 66 (84.6%) of 78 samples were...

Heba El-Sayed Mostafa1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi1, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule1, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi1, Hala Rafat Zulali1, Yasmin Islam Magdi3, Saada Saad Alharbi1

 
... collectors using multistage and cluster sampling. There were four sections to the questionnaire, which were available in both Arabic and English. The questions in the first section focused on sociodemographic data. The second section asked questions concerning broad research ethics knowledge. In the third section, there were inquiries concerning the moral justifications for animal research arguments. The last section asked about general opinions about animal ...

Fitrini1*, Masyhuri2, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti3

... has a comparative advantage that can fulfilling the needs of beef cattle at the district and regency area and even can be sold to other regions but beef cattle do not have a competitive advantage, this is indicated by the negative SSA value. This means that beef cattle production growth in this agropolitan area is still low compared to other regions in West Sumatra Province. The strategy for developing agropolitan areas can...

Mustofa Hilmi1,4, Zuprizal2, Nanung Danar Dono2, Bambang Ariyadi3*

...ated as an antimicrobial agent, and there was also the possibility that they could be used as a feed additive. This study assesses microbial inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a laboratory setting. The substances utilized included silver nanoparticles, nutrient agar medium, Man’s Rogosa Sharpe Agar, Man’s Rogosa Sharpe Broth, bacterial cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, and Lactobacillus sp. FNCC 0020, Salmon...

Md. Gausur Rahman1*, S.M. Harun-Ur-Rashid1, Md. Golam Azam1, Md. Ahsan Habib2, Golapi Rani Devsharma1 

... chicken of 5-9 weeks of age (37.39%) than 1-4 weeks (15.29%). Eimeria sp. was significantly higher in 5-9 weeks aged Sonali chicken but Ascaridia sp. and Raillietina sp. were non-significantly (P>0.05) higher in 5-9 weeks old birds. It was also observed that gastrointestinal parasites were more (P>0.05) in female (29.17%) than male (26.25%) birds. Higher (P>0.05) prevalence of Eimeria sp. and Raillietina sp. was fo...

Emad M. Gad1, Haidy G. Abdel-Rahman2, Mohy Eldin Abd-El-Fattah1, Merna M. Kamal1, Ahmed Shaker Eltahan3, Amina A. Dessouki3*

...typical reasons of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is also rated as a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is more than 40% of diabetic patients. Even with current treatments, many individuals with DN progress to end-stage renal disease and needing dialysis or kidney transplantation. So,the development of new prevention and treatment ...

Ashraf Samir Hakim1*, Doaa Diab Khalaf1, Engy Farahat1, Mohammed Darwish Mohammed1, Wahid Hussein El-Dabae1, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd El‑Razik2, Amany Nabil Dapgh3, Ehab Ali Fouad4, Hussein Ahmed Abuelhag1

...n showed presence of average unusual high imipenem resistance (30.33%), and clindamycin (84.3%). On the other side, gene identification via polymerase chain reaction revealed existence of species specific ‘yaiO’ (100%), virulence; ‘fimH’ (71.43%), ‘iutA’ (26.98 %) and ‘iss’ (20.63%). The harboring of blaNDM-1gene was presented among 15 E. coli isolates as (23.81%); dog (11), human (3) and one in cat. The obtained...

Isti Anindya1, Ibnu Agus Ariyanto2  and Amin Soebandrio

...of anti-CMV IgG, gender, age in children, we also assessed other parental variables and used linear regression. Seropositivity of CMV in children was found to be 98% (with autism) and 96% (without autism). We identified a strong relationship between IgG CMV (R2­ = 0.041) and children gender (autism group). However, no other statistically significant variable was identified. Taken together, CMV infection in autism had high prevalence (98%) and have relation...

Eman Mamdouh Qenawy1, Mohamed Abou-Ellail1, Fatma Abdel-Motaal2, Mohammed O. Alshaharni3, Nady Khairy Elbarbary4*

...ction, handling, and storage). This study used the sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to identify the various meat species in meat products marketed as 100% beef and sold in Aswan City, Egypt, with distinct microbiological analysis that highlighted the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Ninety samples of meat in total (15 of each minced beef, sausage, burger, shawarma, and...

Muhammad Al-Maruf1, Mahfuzul Islam2, Md. Rashedul Islam3, Syidul Islam1, Md. Sirazul Islam4, Md. Roknuzzaman Khan1, Md. Khairul Islam1, Md. Akib Zabed1, K. B. M. Saiful Islam1*

... the primary etiological agent of human foodborne illness. However, little is known about the Campylobacter spp. colonization in broilers of Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. colonization and its associated risk factors in the broiler farms of Munshigonj, Narayanganj, and Narsingdi Districts in Bangladesh. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 100 broiler farms. We speculated that individual samples had a highe...

Jahid Hasan Tipu1, Md Ashraful Islam2, Md Altafur Rahman3, Md. Nazim Uddin4, Obaidul Islam5* 

...nt groups based on their age and sex. Live weight was estimated by digital balance, and other body measurements were estimated by measuring tape and scale. Our findings indicated that the lowest deviation was 0.08% in the 1–2-year age female group and the highest deviation was 5.26% in the 6-month age male group with a deviation from the actual body weight. Additionally, the linear r...

Preetysh Nanda Patnaik1, V.K. Venkataramani1, N. Jayakumar1, R. Durairaja1, Adyasha Sahu 1 and C. Sudhan2*

...ig computer software package. A set of multivariate methods (Principal component analysis and Discriminant function analysis) was performed to make detailed investigation on distinction and pattern of morphological variations among all the four studied species, which revealed that there is significant variation in morphometrics of the portunid species. The first two components of the principal component analysis explained 99.99% of the overall variation. The f...
Rehana Yasmin1,2, Rashda Abbasi2*, Tariq Saeed2, Madiha Sadiq2, Nuzhat Yasmeen3, Muhammad Iqbal4, A. Khuzaim Alzahrani5, Nadeem Kizilbash5, Ugur Bilge6, Nafees Ahmad2 and Sajid Malik1*
...1.00-1.57) and tobacco usage (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.24-1.98) as significant risk factors for leukemia. However, odds ratios were significantly lower for patients using microwave oven (OR=0.25; 95%CI=0.18-0.35), and perfumes (OR=0.42; 95%CI=0.33-0.53). Males exhibit an increased risk for lymphoid leukemia as compared to myeloid leukemia (OR=1.97; 95%CI=1.38-2.80). Paraclinical parameters indicated that 71% of the cases had >50% of blast cells. Leukocytosis (OR= 9...

Rahmat Ullah Khan* and Karim Gabol

...t having the richest average avian diversity was; agriculture at 51.42% (540.85±25) followed by residential at 42.61% (706.78±32) and low at mountains at 5.96% (165.87±36). Regarding feeding habits, most bird species were insectivores (49.39%) followed by omnivores (20.48%) and carnivores (18.07%) while the low number of bird species were granivores (7.22%), and second low frugivores (4.81%). Based on migration status, the highest diversit...

Wen Xiong1, Zhimin Jin1, Zinuo Yuan1, Qin Liu2* and Peter A. Bowler3

...jiang River and its drainage basin. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, six of these species (Anguilla japonica, Cyprinus carpio, Luciocyprinus langsoni, Pseudohemiculter dispar, Ptychidio jordani, and Cranoglanis bouderius), qualify for recognition as Threatened Species. Overfishing, water flow diversions and modifications, and the impacts of non-native species are the greatest threats to freshwater fish biodiversi...

Hussein Jabar Jasim*, Naer Abdulbari Madlool Alkaabawi, Ali Naser Kathem  

...e infection rate such as age, sex, and seasonality. Moreover, the PCR was used to confirm the presence of P. equorum in the horses. This study was conducted on 138 samples of horse feces, which gathered from various locations within the Al-Muthanna province during the period extended from January 2022 and the end of October 2022. The most typical clinical indications of ascariasis infection in horses were diarrhea 51.4%, increased heart rate 50.27%, respirator...

Jawwad Rehman1,2, Muhammad Khizar1, Muhammad Naeem1, Atique Ahmed Behan3*, Huma Rizwana1, Nasir Rajput4, Ghulam Shabir Barham5, Syed Uzair Ali Shah1, Nisar Subhani2,4  

...p). Group A was kept in cages while Group B was kept under an open housing system. Both groups were provided with feed and fresh drinking water ad libitum for a 90-day experimental trial. Milk yield and composition, including ash, fat, lactose, protein, total solids, pH, and specific gravity, were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group B compared to Group A. Conversely, the moisture content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the milk of Group A goats. ...

Shiguftah Khalid1, Muhammad Jahanzaib2*, Haris Khurshid2, Rabia Khalid3, Sundas Waqar3, Faiza Siddique3, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3 and Zahid Akram1

...r plant, shelling percentage, average pod length and hundred seed weight. In contrast, leaf area, pegs per plant and mature pods per plant revealed negative direct effect. The mean values for genotypes N0334, abCG005 and BARI-2000 had maximum pod yield per plant among all the genotypes. Biplot and cluster analysis indicated the overall variability among genotypes and degree of genetic diversity. Cluster demonstration also va...

Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1

...nce (58.3%), while those aged 26–30 years had no detectable IgM. A statistical relationship was observed between the age and the IgM seroprevalence (p= 0.000). The infection rates appeared to increase as pregnancy advanced for both IgG and IgM. In conclusion, there was a moderately high seropositivity of rubella IgG among the study population, leaving a significant percentage of the ...

Aya Salah Eldin Mohamed1*, Gamal E. Shams1, Gihan G. Moustafa2, Reda M. Abd El-Aziz3

...sticular toxicity and damage in male rats. Thus, 42 adult male rats were randomly, and blindly divided into 7 groups equally: control (G1, received 0.2ml saline/rat/day), citalopram (G2, received 1.8 mg/kg b.wt), ginseng (G3, received 18 mg/kg b.wt), vitamin D (G4, received 0.01mg/kg b.wt), citalopram plus ginseng (G5), citalopram plus vitamin D (G6), citalopram plus ginseng and vitamin D (G7). At the end of treatments, testicular levels of superoxide dismutas...

Abdur Rehman*, Muhammad Umair Khan, Zahid Rauf, Saeed Akhtar, Abdur Rahman Khan and Mansoor Khan

...eters like the wall coverage ratio, aspect ratio, solidity factors, Luce’s shape factors, flexibility coefficient, and runkel ratio. The primary aim is to contrast the fiber quality of the two dense wood species within themselves.

...

Suroor Hafedth Mohammed, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini* 

...healthy ewes between the ages of 3 and 4 years were evaluated. The live body weight and age of each animal were determined. Serum was collected to measure leptin and visfatin hormones using ELISA kits made by SunLong Biotech. This study revealed that litter size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the live body weight and adipose tissue hormones of Awassi ewes. Ewes with twin births had higher live body weight, leptin, an...

Aisha Khalid1,2, Roheela Yasmeen1*, Farah Ahmad1, Mudassar Aslam2, Muhammad Tayyab2  

...icks with an initial average weight of 39 grams. Group A served as the negative control with a non-enzyme supplemented diet, while Group E was the positive control, receiving a diet supplemented with 500 IU of commercial neutral cellulase. Groups B, C, and D received diets supplemented with locally produced recombinant thermostable cellulase at concentrations of 500, 750, and 1000 IU/kg, respectively. The results, analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multip...

Zahraa Ahmed Khlaf*, Alfred S. Karomy, Qutaiba Jassim Gheni 

...ent (P ≤ 0.05) in average live body weight and weight gain rate compared to the control group (T1). Moreover, a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in feed conversion efficiency was observed for all ozone treatment groups compared to the control. 

...

Bingzhao Yan1, Guiping Chen2, Lulu Ding1, Ruxue Huang1, Wenjing Yu1 and Jicang Wang1*

... body and could cause damage to different organs of the body, including testicles. Quercetin (Que), which is widely distributed in fruits and plants, belongs to the class of flavonoids and is thought to have health benefits and protect many tissues from heavy metals. This experiment aimed to explore the effect of Que on Cd-induced PERK-CHOP apoptosis pathway in rat testis. A total of 24 8-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups: contro...

Zhongjiang Niu1, Periyannan Velu2, Annamalai Vijayalakshmi2*

...mpal tissue, neuronal damage (increased sNSE), mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. PTZ-kindling augmented TBARS and reduced GSH and CAT. PTZ-kindling significantly decreased locomotion, memory and learning. Neuronal damage and hippocampus swelling were reversed with NF45 in a dose dependent manner. P2y agonist, methylene - ATP, significantly reduced the positive effect of NF45.P2y3 receptors had a significant ro...

Muhammad Luqman1,*, Aqsa Ashraf 1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Anwar Saeed2 and Rizwan Ahmad3

...e providers, fortify linkages among establishments, and give skill-based training. The research underscores the meaning of creating Agricultural Information Resource Focuses with general media resources and emphasizes the significance of training agricultural information providers in taking care of and transferring knowledge successfully. Reinforcing institutional linkages is suggested for consistent knowledge delivery. All ...

Pangesti Nugrahani1*, Hery Purnobasuki2, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori3, Jatuporn Anuchai4 and Anugerah Dany Priyanto5,6

...y conducted using Murashiage and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with various types of growth regulators (PGRs). Cytokinin and Auxin are incorporated into MS media to promote shoot and root growth in banana explants. 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), a form of cytokinin, plays a significant role in stimulating cell division and differentiation. This study aimed to assess the impact of BAP on various growth parameters, including shoot initiation, root initiation, leaf...

Saher Mahmood Jwad1, Tamadhur Hani Hussein2, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini2* 

...reduced the oxidative damage induced by paracetamol probably due to its biologically effective ingredients, particularly the strong antioxidants. 

...

Tamadhur H. Hussein, Layth H. Merzah, Tahreer M. Al-Thuwaini* 

... study examined 140 ewes aged between 3 and 4 years, which were sexually mature, not pregnant or lactating, and healthy. Live body weight, age, and body measurements were recorded for each animal. Serum was collected from each individual and tested using ELISA kits to measure leptin and visfatin hormone levels. The results revealed that litter size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced the live body weight, body measurement...

Muhammad Suleman Aziz1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Munir2, Khalida Musa3 and Asim Iqbal1

...collected viz fruit set %age, fruit drop %age, fruit yield (kg bunch-1) and physico-chemical fruit characteristics. Results indicated that except control, all the treatments improved the yield and yield components. The highest fruit set (81.68% and 82.30 %,), bunch weight (15.28 and 16.20 kg), fruit weight (25.13 and 25.25 g), fruit length (5.09 and 5.19 cm), fruit width (3.06 and 3.13 cm) pulp weight (23.80 and 23.93 g), mo...

Muhammad Khubaib1*, Muhammad Salman Khan1, Zia Ur Rahman2, Nafees Ahmad1, Muhammad Atif Haider1 and Mushtaq Ahmad Khan3

...f shooters at juvenile stages.

...

Abid Jan* and Asad Ullah

...on of household food wastage with awareness of monetary damage due to food wastage. The data was collected from 379 randomly selected respondents (18 years and onward age group) in eight union councils of four towns of District Peshawar. Chi–square and Kendall’s Tau-b tests were used to ascertaining the association between variables (awarenes...

Muhammad Nauman Hanif1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Abid Hussain3 and Amar Matloob4

...sect pest and disease management. Farmers were applying lufenuron, bifenthrin, emamectin benzoate, metalaxyl, and mancozeb. The cauliflower plant and soil samples were collected with the frequency of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 15 days after the application of pesticides. The collected plant and soil samples dried and extracted to determine pesticide residues using the modified QuECHERS method. Pesticides residues assessment was performed on High performance liquid chroma...

Sadia Rashid1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2, Almazea Fatima1*, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3 and Nazia Tabasam1

...growing season, the shortage of fertilizer on the one hand and the higher prices, on the other hand negatively effecting the use of this input in wheat production. This study was designed to identify the impact of fertilizer shortage and their high prices effect on fertilizer use and their subsequent impact on wheat productivity. This study was carried out in the Faisalabad district. Data were collected from 110 farmers in t...

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

...">The Integrated Farm Management Component (IFMC) programme under the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) aimed to enhance agricultural productivity among landless, marginal, and small farming households primarily by promoting agricultural growth and employment and enhancing the credibility of government extension services. The objective of this study was to determine the attitude of IFMC-beneficiary farmers towards government extension services as well...

Elkhan Rajaf Allahverdiyev1*, Azer Agazade Khalilov2, Araz Mustafa Gasimov2, Zahid Gurban Khalilov2, Parvana Bahlul Bayramova2, Kamala Fatiaga Abilova2 and Sait Engindeniz3

...n terms of quality in forage plants is the crude protein content in the dry matter. There is a positive relationship between nitrogen fertilization and the crude protein content of plants. At the end of the research, we came to the conclusion that in order to obtain a high and quality product from sorghum and pea plants, which are sown mixed in the corner crops, it is more appropriate to apply N90P120K120 kg of mineral fertilizers per hectare, and manure of 10...

Rico Anggriawan1*, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5

...ion of the antibacterial agents enrofloxacin and tylosin, that work together in their mechanism of action and have synergistic action in the antibacterial spectrum . Tylosin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, while enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. On commercial poultry farms in Indonesia, the combination of enrofloxacin and tylosin Tylosin and enrofloxacin are often used together as they have a synergistic action against gram...

Ridha Tunnisa1, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2*, Sri Purwanti2, Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati2, Wempie Pakiding2

...were kept in individual cages to observe growth traits, including initial body weight, final body weight, daily body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. Growth traits were analyzed using the general linear model method (GLM). To identify polymorphism using the PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genotype frequency, allele frequency, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed in this research. The resear...

Yusuf Subagyo*, Merryafinola Ifani, Hermawan Setyo Widodo

...of lactation with an average body weight of 35.22 kg and 1.5 to 2.0 years old were used. The experimental design of this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Animals were divided into four treatments, each using five lactating goats as replications. The animals were fed 3.5% of their body weight based on dry matter, then four levels of concentration substitution were T1 (0% dried C. calothyrsus), T2 (10% dried C. calothyrsus), T3 (20% dried C. ca...

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Trang1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hong2,3*

...ns from 4 to 14 weeks of age. The experiment comprised 4 treatments with control (no addition), experimental treatment GARL 1, GARL 2, and GARL 3 with adding 1%, 2% and 3% of fresh garlic, respectively. The experiment used 10 chicks per unit and 3 replications. The results showed that the increased body weight of Minh Du broiler chicken in experimental treatments was higher than control treatments (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation of fresh garlic had signif...

Sutaryo Sutaryo1*, Jeksen Nikolas1, Nain Ufidiyati1, Ivena Setiany1, Nadlirotun Luthfi2, Retno Adiwinarti1, Agung Purnomoadi1 

...hite (NZW) male rabbits, aged 9–10 weeks (body weight = 1.45 ± 0.45 kg), were used in a completely randomized design. The rabbits were divided into four treatment groups (seven replications per treatment): basal feed (T0), and basal feed with 4% (T1), 8% (T2), and 12% (T3) ILM inclusion. As the level of ILM inclusion increased, the level of SBM in the ration decreased accordingly. The results indicated that nutrient intakes were not significantly ...

Manel Ben Larbi1*, Ameni Askri1, Mariem Saidani1, Naceur M’Hamdi2, Ibrahim El Akram Znaïdi3, Nadia Ben Braiek4 and Hajer M’Hamdi5

...commercial flocks at the age of 35 days. Some indicators were observed like hock lesions, lameness, pododermatitis, plumage cleanliness, and breast blister. The scores of welfares ranged between 0 and 100. The results showed higher scores for feeding, housing, and health (P < 0.001). The absence of prolonged thirst and hunger, litter quality, breast blister, and touch test had a score exceeding 70, which is why they were ...

Hina Abrar1*, Hina Yasin1, Hira Naeem2, Rabia Bushra1, Shaukat Mahmood2 and Kaneez Fatima3

...0.05). Severe hepatic damage reflected by necrosis, hemorrhage and dilation of sinusoids, inflammation with dilation and congestion of portal vein were obvious in PHY treated group. Combination treatment of PHY with PRL showed normal liver function and identical tissue pattern as control group exhibited. It is concluded that the PRL actually reduces the blood flow to the liver consequently, supply of noxious substance is blo...

Efi Rokana1*, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Khoirul Wafa1, Kalvin Putra Wahyudatama1, Ferdian Ginanjar1, Rini Mastuti3, Amiril Mukmin1, Miarsono Sigit4 

...s (feed consumption, average daily gain, feed conversion, and income over feed cost) between control and beer waste fed groups. Health parameters, including hematology (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes) and blood chemical parameters (total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine), remained within normal ranges in all beer waste fed groups. The study concludes that incorporating beer waste into sheep rations provides the benefits of low cost and high prote...

Fahad A. Alshanbari1, Abdelrahman M. A. Elseory2,3* 

...echnique, and possible usage of genetic engineering (GE) technology in the dromedary camel. 

...
Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh1,2, Hafizan Juahir1,2*, Azimah Ismail1, Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir3,5, Setyo Budi Kurniawan1,4 and Ahmad Jusoh5
 
 
...e-height: normal;">The usage of malathion pesticide and a subsequent release into the environment was a major concern worldwide due to detrimental effect and their toxicity to ecosystem. Concerned about the impact of malathion pesticide, this study investigated the effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) in removing malathion from agricultural runoff. The study focused on how particle size and dosage of GAC impact t...
MohamadRahijan AbdulWahab*andAhmadAimanSalahudin
 
...spondentswerebetween the ages of 13 and 65, and they must have previously tasted stingless bee honey.A questionnaire containing four sections: section A for sociodemographic information,section B for satisfaction evaluations, section C for attitude evaluations, and section D forevaluationsofpurchaseintentions,wasused.The data were examined using SPSS. Quantitative data are utilized in the analytical process. This quantitative approach allows for statistic...
Shaiqah Mohd Rus1*, Anika Z.M.R.2, Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere3, Mohd. Rushdi Abu Bakar4,5, Farahidah Mohamed4 and Abd Almonem Doolaanea6*
 
 
... the pump and the percentage of the power (amplitude) of the ultrasonicator. The droplet size, PdI, and zeta potential of the nanoemulsion were investigated. The zeta potential values for BSO nanoemulsions ranging from -53.83 ± 1.50 to −63.50 ± 0.66 mV. All zeta values were below -30 mV, demonstrating that the nanoemulsions are stable emulsions. Each amplitude and flow rate produced BSO alginate nanoemulsion within the targeted droplet size...
Che Ku Nur Ain Mardhiah Che Ku Azman and Norlia Muhamad*
...dels; the Newton model, Page model, Henderson and Pabis model, Midili et al. model, and Two-Term Exponential model. The drying time at 70 °C showed a shorter time, which is 4 hours, as compared to 40, 50, and 60 °C, which are 9, 6, and 5 hours, respectively. The drying rate for 40 °C showed the lowest value (0.4405 g water g-1 dry matter/ min) for the first hour, while the drying rate for 50, 60, and 70 °C were 0.6358, 0.7087 and 1....

Fazli Amin1*, Amjad Usman1, Maqsood Shah¹ and Sarzamin Khan²

...tio, and dressing percentage, and reduced feed intake in the D4 group compared to all other groups. Similarly, the highest antibody titers against the Newcastle disease, and lower mortality rate were calculated in the D4 group than in the remaining groups. Meat quality was not affected. A significant increase in the net profit was observed in the D4 group as compared to the leftover groups. Based on the current findings, it is concluded that T. molitor at the ...

Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Sohaib ul Hassan2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Waqas Alam1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Aamir Khan4, Qudrat Ullah2, Muhammad Ayaz4 and Tayyab Khurshid5

...n meat-type floored and cage-housed breeder flocks during 1st and 2nd egg-laying cycles under the controlled environment where the average house temperature and RH were 25-28oC;75-85% and 21-24oC; 50-65% during summer and winter seasons, respectively. Birds were divided into six groups; the cage-housed flocks were either artificially inseminated on each 5th (n=20,000) or 7th day (n=20,000)...

Sami ul Haq, Basheer Ahmad* and Bilal Ahmed Qazi 

...nd sustainable forest management practices. Community-led initiatives are necessary to protect the Shahpur Valley’s unique biodiversity and promote sustainable forest management. Key findings emphasize the importance of soil properties in shaping forest composition and the need for sustainable practices to conserve this ecosystem.

...
Abdussalam Muhyideen Zainab Funmilayo and Lee-Hoon Ho*
...niques practised in beverage industry for prolonging shelf life of juice. This research was conducted to determine effect of storage time on the biochemical and microbiological quality of enzymatically pasteurized beetroot juice. A 3:1 ratio was used to blend the beetroot pulp with distilled water. After that, pectinase was added at a concentration of 1.5 U/mL for 4hrs and 40°C, and then clarified with pectinase and cell...
Roshita Ibrahim1*, Anis Nursyazwani Aminuddin1 and Mohd Nizam Lani2
...highest yield and percentage biological efficiency of 378.5 g and 75.7% respectively. The average pileus diameter in control was only 6.16 cm, however, high light intensity treatment produced a larger size of mushroom with an average pileus diameter of 10.09 cm and had the lightest colour compared to other treatments. In conclusion, the application of electrical shock stimulation emerged a...
Nurul Aini Kamaruddin, Nur Qistina Afiqah Muhamad Asri and Nur Alya Adila Rosli 
...weight, feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion rate (FCR) and body condition score BCS. For nutritional composition analysis of treatment feed, the results revealed that Treatment 3 exhibits the highest protein content (12.11%) among the treatment groups, surpassing Treatment 1, Treatment 2, and the control group, which have protein levels of 8.9%, 10.08%, and 6.53%, respectively. Treatment 1 showed the best growth results. It produced an a...

Oluwakamisi F. Akinmoladun1,2*, Olusegun O. Ikusika1, Conference T. Mpendulo1

...sing the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, v 26) software. TWG, TFI, AFI, Total protein and energy intake were highest (P<0.05) at 0.187%, and the FW was lowest (P<0.05) at 0.101% of Na in the diet, respectively. Similar (P>0.05) RBC, heterophil and monocytes were recorded for dietary Na supplementation range of 0.144% to 0.274%. Dietary Na supplementation of either 0144% or 0.187% produced the highest (P<0.05) eviscerated weight, chest...

Layth H. Merzah, Tamadhur H. Hussein, Tahreer m. Al-Thuwaini*

... mature and healthy ewes aged between 3 and 4 years. Body weight and age were recorded for each animal. Serum samples were collected to measure cortisol hormone levels using ELISA kits from ELK Biotechnology. The study revealed that litter size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the body weight and cortisol hormone levels of Awassi ewes. Twin-born ewes were heavier and had higher cortisol hormone levels, as determined by...

Dedes Amertaningtyas1*, Alia Salsabilla Putri3, Nur Rohman Rizqi Pudya Permana3, Silvia Rosa Al Rahma3, Premy Puspitawati Rahayu1, Rlm. Satrio Ari Wibowo2, Ragil Yuliatmo2, Eko Nuraini2, Rischa Amalia Saleha1

...wed that the highest average values were elongation (56.02 ± 6.29%), thickness (0.50 ± 0.08 mm), tensile strength (33.91 N/mm2), weakness (8.63 ± 0.48 mm), tear strength (18.28 ± 0.43 Kg/cm), water absorption (185.81 ± 8.96 for 2 h and 229.57 ± 16.77 for 24 h), water content (13.98 ± 0.11%), protein content (20.28 ± 3.79%), fat content (17.03 ± 0.46%) and Aw (0.613 ± 0.004). The conclusion i...

Jennarong Kammongkun1, Doungnapa Promket2*

...correlations between average daily gains (ADG4 to ADG16) and body weights (BW0 to BW16) ranged from 0.33 to 0.99, indicating a consistent upward trend over time. The high body weight (HBW) group exhibited superior growth performance and morphology traits compared to the low body weight (LBW) group (P<0.01), except for shank length (SL). Notably, NPY gene polymorphisms showed significant associations with growth performance and morphological traits (P<0.0...

Nguyen Ba Trung1,2*, Pham Thi Kim Phuong1,2

...sity in the maternal lineage. The sequence analysis of the SRY gene suggests that all the males possess a zebu-type haplotype, which may be derived from a cross between Bos javanicus and zebu. The results of the genotyping of the functional genes indicated that the NCAPG and DGAT1 genes are polymorphic, whereas the RNF212 gene is monomorphic. Particularly, the presence of the desirable alleles of the NCAPG and DGAT1 genes will be important for the selection of...

Tran Ngoc Bich1*, Vo Tuan Khai Huyen2, Nguyen Tran Phuoc Chien1, Dang Thi Tham1, Nguyen Vinh Trung1, Truong Van Hieu3, Thai Quoc Hieu4, Huynh Truong Giang1, Le Quang Trung1

... of LSD compared to cows aged 6–24 months (OR 1.84, 95%CI: 1.14–3.00) and compared to animals older than 24 months (OR 4.82, 95% CI: 2.73-8.51). Phylogenetic analysis of the P32 gene of LSDV (PP934191-PP934205) indicated 100% similarity with other isolates from China, Russia, and Thailand. The findings of this study provide critical epidemiological insights into the risk factors associated with LSD in the Mekong Delta. This information is essential...

Salim Saifullah1* and Achyut Adhikari2

... providing various advantages. Nepetin, a flavonoid found in Artemisia plants, has been shown to possess various biological effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, nepetin as yellowish powder was isolated from A. vulgaris extract through column chromatography. Structure of the compound was elucidated through various spectroscopic techniques such as Mass and NMR (1D and 2D).

...

Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*

...ifferent factors such as age, sex, breed, floor type, and the housing system, on LSD prevalence. LSD was confirmed by physical examination with nodular lesions on the skin together with fever. Results indicate that the overall prevalence was only 4.13% with a higher prevalence in cross-bred female cattle. In descriptive analysis among all variables only housing system of Bakerganj upazila showed a significant association. The study emphasizes an awareness camp...

Danyal Khan1, Abdur Rahman1, Muhammad Shuaib2,3*, Sohaib Ul Hassan4, Abubakar Sufyan5, Wajid Ullah1, Seema Jani1, Obaid Ullah6 and Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui7

...up B had the highest average expenditure of the remaining groups. The difference between expenses and the worth of weight gain was the lowest in Group D followed by Group C while the highest difference was in Group B followed by Group A. The highest disease incidence was recorded in group D while the calves in group C were healthier and had a lower incidence of illness. It is concluded that buffalo newborn calves may be retained at the farm and fed milk replac...

King Hei Ip

...se R adaptation, and lineage-specific immune responses in bats. However, the incomplete genetic annotation of all the bat species, a lack of understanding of bat-virus interactions and viral co-infection, and biases in bat-virus relationship studies hinders the understanding towards bat antiviral innate immunity. By completing the genetic annotation of bats, developing wild-like environments when studying the bat immune system, improving data collection method...

Muhammad Ehsan Maqbool1*, Muhammad Nadeem Mushtaq1, Tamathues2, Khadija Tul Kubra1, Arish Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Shoaib Sarwar1, Zeeshan Yousaf3, Mudassar Yaseen1, Farwa Nosheen3

...build integrated pest management (IPM) programs to control these economically important pests. 
 
Novelty Statement | The current study represents the relationship between insect pest diversity and sustainable growth of the okra crop. It also fills a critical study gap by examining the impact of insect pests on this crop and promoting the development of new pest control techniques.
...

Khawla Abdul- Aziz Salman1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*, Rasha Fajer Al-Jebory4

... 28 to 32 °C. At the age of 14 days, there was a noteworthy reduction (P≤0.05) in the levels of cholesterol T3 and T4 compared to T1. Similarly, at the age of 21 days, there was a decrease in all additional treatments compared to T1.  Furthermore,  at the age of 35 days, there was a decrease in T2 and T3. At 14 days of age, there was a n...
Ahmad Ibrahim Jalali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad2,4 and Fawad Zafar Ahmad Khan1,3
...ultiple fall armyworm management options exist, but their consequences for non-target arthropods in Pakistan have been underreported. Keeping in view this gap, current experiments, using the randomized complete block design, compared the effectiveness of synthetic pesticides and biorational options (including dried plant powders and sand mixtures, and eucalyptus based biopesticides) on fall armyworm control, as well as their effects on non-target fauna. The re...

Shimaa R. Hamam, Reham A. El-shafei, Nani N. Abdelaziz, Magdy S. Amer

...ne and two weeks post-dosage to measure levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. Furthermore, samples from the testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicles were taken at the second week of treatment to perform a histopathological analysis, analyze the semen profile and measure the activities of the enzymes glutathione-s-transferase and nitric oxide in the testicles. Testicular GST and NO activities, as well as the level of test...

Adham Omar Mohamad Sallam1*, Ashraf Abd El-Hakem Ahmed El-Komy1, Enas Abdulrahman Hasan Farag2, Samar Saber Ibrahim3

...howing reduced tissue damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that GSE protects against Meloxicam-induced hepato-renal toxicity, with a marked reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation, supporting its potential therapeutic role.
 
Keywords: Meloxicam, GSE, SOD, CAT, MDA, Histopathological. Immunohistochemical
...

Ana Mehak1, Muhammad Mohsin1* and Muhammad Ahsan Raza2,3

...exploitation, current management measures should be strengthened along with further research.

...
Dyana Louis Anak Peter, Elldiwirna Saimen, Lucky Poh Wah Goh, Mohd. Khalizan Sabullah, Rahmath Abdulla, Jualang Azlan Gansau and Roslina Jawan*
...ic evidence of its advantages. 
...

Siew Ing Nguang, Nur Syafiqah Binti Zainal, Ahmad Mukhlis Bin Hafas, Hou Chew Ha, Connie Fay Komilus, and Asmad Kari*

...y. After 48 hours of storage, T1 exhibited decreased motility with most spermatozoa displaying strong vibration. In contrast, T2 and T3 experienced a greater decline in motility with a weaker vibration. Antibiotics in T2 likely contributed to the higher motility observed in this treatment. In summary, the absence of antibiotics and sugar negatively affected sperm viability and motility. The addition of antibiotic, sugar, and Av in the extender proved crucial f...

Aimen Raza1, Muhammad Muzamil Ijaz1,2*, Adnan Younis1, Nasir Ahmad Khan3, Ahsan Akram1, M. Abdul Salam khan2 and M. Nadeem4

...thod of environmental management and provides nutrients to the plants. The goal of this study was to use plant-based substrates as growing mediums for ponytail palm production. The research was conducted at Lalazar Nursery, Gardening Wing Estate Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. There were eight treatments and each treatment was replicated three times, with three plants each. Different plant-based materials,...

Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Saqib1, Shahbaz ul Haq2, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Khurram Ashfaq1, Urfa Bin Tahir5, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Shujaat Hussain6, Talha Javaid1, Raheela Taj7, Muneeb Islam8, Imad Khan9, Asad Ullah9* and Shakirullah Khan10

...oocytes-contaminated herbage. The purpose of the current study was to report prevalence and access the risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. A total of 652 specimens of blood were taken from 9 regions situated within the jurisdiction of Punjab province, Pakistan. The collected samples were labeled in order to have randomization and to pull 384 samples out of 652 harvested samples. Survey Tool Box was used to have representative samples. Latex agglutinati...

Farida Bibi2, Zahin Anjum1*, Imran Khan3, Shaista Ali1 and Rabia Chishti1

...repared according to averaged and standard recipe. Following an approximation method recommended in literature Exchange lists were developed. Data on the nutritional composition of commonly consumed breakfast in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa can be used by health care workers, nutritionists and dietitians to calculate energy and nutrient intakes. It will help addressing the major nutritional disorders that are related with the diet of community. The research stu...

Seyed Ahmadreza Hashemi1, Mastooreh Doustdar2, Asadullah Ali Muhammad3* and Reza Abbaspour Naderi4

...uring this time, the average catch (Ct) was 22439 tonnes (95% confidence interval 18299 -26638 tonnes), and it has climbed considerably over the previous 20 years (R = 0.88, P <0.05). By using the catch-maximum sustainable yield (Catch-MSY), extension of Catch-MSY (CMSY), optimized catch-only model (OCOM), Regression tree models Zhou-boosted (Zhou-BRT), and stochastic surplus production model in continuous-time (SPiCT), the average<...

Dipa Rani Pal*, Injamamul Haque Rasel, Tarun Chandra Mondal, Mohammed Lalmoddin Mollah and Shampa Rani 

...n this study were hemorrhages on thigh and breast muscles, swollen kidneys and principal findings were in the bursa of fabricious which appeared inflamed, edematous, hyperaemic and finally hemorrhagic and atrophied. The prevalence of IBD was 13.28%, 13.33%, 19.48% and 14.30% in Banaripara, Nesarabad, Babugonj and Barishal sadar respectively. The overall mortality was 4.46%. The mortality was 4.29% in Banaripara, 4.93% in Nesarabad, 4.70% in Babugonj and 3.91% ...

Hassan Ismail Musa1,3*, Latiffah Hassan1, Chandrawathani Panchadcharam2, Zunita Zakaria1, Saleha Abdul Aziz1 

...sease prevalence and average monthly rainfall. There was a moderate but non-significant positive correlation (r =0.47, 95% CI, 0.13-0.82, p=0.11) between disease prevalence and average monthly rainy days and weak and non-significant correlation (r =-0.23, 95% CI, 0.71-0.39, p=0.47) with the average monthly wind speed. Animal melioidosis is widespread within Peninsular Malaysia where the di...

Safaa El Bialy1*, Nabil Bker2, Hossam Ibrahim3, Saber, A. Saad4, Eman Ali5

... during refrigerated storage. So, 100 fillets of Nile tilapia were bought and split into 4 groups: the first group was used as a control, and the second, third, and fourth groups were given different amounts of PEO (1, 2, and 3%), respectively, to see how they affected different chemical parameters, the amount of biogenic amines, and the bacteria levels while the fish was stored in the fridge at 4°C for 8 days. Results of the study show that adding differe...

Dalia Hamid Mansour1, Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem2, Marwa Hassan3, Yousry Ibrahim4, Ibrahim M. Hegab5*

...tential of Biocid® usage as feed additive to broilers ration formula which might enhance body weight, shorten the rearing period and improve the immune status of the chicken.
 
Keywords: Biocid®, Silica, Organic acid, Broilers, Amnio acids
...

Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2

...-B like Eurasian sub-lineages (EGY-2 group) that had circulated in Egypt since 2014 and they were clustered with the 2021-2022 strains in the Egy-2b subgroup. Compared with Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97, the strains in this research had a specific characteristic mutation at L87I in A-chicken-Egypt-RN1-2022 and A-chicken- Egypt-RN9-2022, D405N in A-chicken- Egypt-RN5-2022, A-chicken-Egypt-RN6-2022, A-chicken-Egypt-RN9-2022. Also, new characteristic mutations in antigen...

Ali Bain*, Musriah, La Ode Nafiu, La Ode Muh. Munadi, La Ode Muhsafaat, Nur Santy Asminaya, Astriana Napirah, Widhi Kurniawan, Fuji Astuty Auza, Deki Zulkarnain 

... by-products) and 40% forage supplemented with different levels of CaS-soybean oil (0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5% and 4.5%). The measured research parameters were (i) fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N and total volatile fatty acid (VFA)), (ii) nutrient digestibility (dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD) and crude protein digestibility (CPD)). The results showed that fermented corn cob-based rations su...

Nguyen Hoang Qui*, Nguyen Thuy Linh 

... comprised of 90 turkeys aged 1 to 56 days. The study is composed of five different treatments, which are replicated three times. The allocation of treatments was balanced based on the sex of the broilers. The birds were provided with feed and water ad libitum. The experimental protocol involved the incorporation of an aqueous extract derived from fermented garlic (FG) into the animals’ drinking water. The highest weights for carcass, breast, and thigh w...

Adel Sobhy1, Ahmed El-khamary1, Ahmed M. Rashwan2,3, Ashraf Shamaa4, Mostafa Kassem5, Mohamed M. A. Abumandour6*, Ahmed El-Mansi7, 8 and Ahmed G. Nomir2

...ler brachial plexus blockage, and test the analgesic efficacy. We topographically anatomized the brachial plexus in three cadavers. Color Doppler US-guided methylene blue dye was injected into both sides of the brachial plexus: p1 (plexus root 4±0.5 cm above the greater tuberosity) and p2 (division site of all plexus nerves) of six cadavers. Finally, the live experimental study involved brachial plexus injections at both sides of p1 and p2 (standing pos...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
...nvariably amongst crop stages and seasons. During spring season, wheat was the most frequently consumed cereal. But during winter, as groundnut crop approached towards maturity/harvested, gerbils consumed mainly nuts and grains, while in autumn and summer (non-crop periods), the rat species switched its diet to wild flora, and consumed most frequently Ziziphus nummularia (Beri) followed by Cynodon dactylon (Khabbal grass), Desmostachya bipinnate (Baron dhab), ...

Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Yonis Gulzar2*, Mohammad Shuaib Mir2, Abdus Salaam3 and Arjumand Bano Soomro2

...r satisfaction. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used for interview schedule, and data collected from 466 farmers of districts i.e. (Malakand, Charsadda and Mardan). Chi-square and Kendall’s Tc tests were applied to analyze the relationship between the formal influences and farmer’s satisfaction with irrigation water distribution. Results showed significant positive associations between farmer’s satisfaction and other fac...

Arshad Iqbal1, Shahid Javed Butt1, Zia Ul Haq2*, Ismara Naseem3, Qaisar Ali Khan4 and Muhammad Sajid1

...usly increased while average fruit weight, firmness, total soluble solid, titratable acidity (TA) ascorbic acid from day 0 to day 16 were decreased in all the experimental units. It was concluded from the study that the treatment T3 containing cardboard boxes showed the best results in increasing the self-life of tomatoes.

...

Faisal Noor1, Shahid Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan Shan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3*, Abbas Sheer4, Muhammad Shahroz Khan3

..., fruit diameter and average fruit yield. The results revealed that the presence of beehives improved pollination of round gourd and showed 1.32 to 1.95 fold increase in number of fruits per plant, 1.33 to 2.10 fold increase in average fruit yield per plant, 0.92 to 1.32 fold increase in fruit weight and 23.9% increase in fruit size. Moreover, treatment plots with bee hotels and flower intercropping also showed higher fruit ...

Bushra Sial1, Arif Muhammad Khan1, Mohsan Raza1,6*, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sayyad Ali Raza Bukhari1, Muhammad Kashif Hanif3, Sher Khan Panhwar4, Muhammad Ashfaq5

...A and Bangladesh. An average genetic distance using the Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) model using BOLD systems revealed 20.17 and 19.87 percent within genus and family respectively. Nevertheless, this study documented the COI sequence of Caesio varilineata and Uranoscopus dollfusi, for the first time. The combined use of taxonomy, DNA barcoding, and QR codes appeared to be robust approaches, and have paved the way for a better understanding of fishes rarely found i...

Ali Meawad Ahmed1, Asmaa I.A. Morsy1, Rehab E.M. Gaafar2, Nada Ibrahim H. Ahmed1

...s salinity along the storage period which strongly correlated with changes in total bacterial and enterobacteriacae counts. In conclusion, fish eye’s salinity can be used as a novel quality criterion for Tilapia freshness using a refractometer. It is a valid support for managing perishable fish commodities and preventing possible consumer risk as well.
 
Keywords: Quality, Eye salinity, Nile tilapia, Refractometer, Sensory, B...

Nesreen Z. Eleiwa1, Radwa A. Lela2, Eman K. Fathalla2

...ulture for fermented sausage production. Water Kefir is another valuable product that causes sausage fermentation and enhances its flavor, quality, and shelf life. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare Lactobacillus plantarum, which acts as a control group, and different concentrations of Kefir 1%, 3%, and 5% in the fermentation process of oriental sausages. The results demonstrat...

Mustafa Abd El Raouf*, Mostafa Abdelazim, Abdel Basit M. Abd El-Aal, Shebl E. Salem

...enty male buffalo calves aged 4-7 months admitted to the Clinic of Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University then diagnosed as obstructive urolithiasis with bladder rupture based on clinical, ultrasonographic, haematological and biochemical examinations. Ten apparently healthy calves with the same age were used as a control group. The affected animals were surgically treated with tube cystosto...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Arbab Jahangeer1, Muhammad Arshad1, Naveed Akhtar2, Ansar Hussain3, Mussarrat Hussain4, Muhammad Shahid5 and Qaisar Abbas4

Muhammad Salim1,2*, Muhammad Zakria2, Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi2, Shahid Sattar2, Ayhan Gökçe1, Amjad Usman3 and Hayat Badshah4

...nded in wheat for the management of targeted pest including S. avenae. 

...

Amal Mahmood Alwan1*, Thekra Atta Ibrahim1, Ghalib Idrees Atiya Ali2 

...intra-glomerular haemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells. It was also noted that there was damage to the epithelial lining of some renal tubules, and separation of the cells lining the tubules and their accumulation in the middle of the renal tubule in most sections. In addition, some sections showed glomerular enlargement, while in other sections it shrank, in addition to cell death inside it and the appearance o...

Budi Guntoro1*, Nguyen Hoang Qui1,2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra1, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1,2 and Nguyen Van Vui2

... Other variables such as age, gender, experience, education level, production scale, and income did not significantly influence biogas adoption. The study concluded that promoting the willingness to adopt biogas in pig farms requires policy interventions focusing on raising awareness, leveraging social influence, and addressing economic factors related to investment costs and benefits.

...

Krishna Adhikari1, Suman Poudel1 and Manoj K. Shah2

...The radiographic x-ray image of the affected limb revealed a closed, diaphyseal, overriding, oblique femur fracture. The dog underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using a simple intramedullary (IM) Steinmann pin and orthopedic cerclage wire. The dog was regularly examined postoperatively for evaluation of wound and fracture healing and return to functional mobility of the limb. The radiographic and physical exami...

Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah*, Arobi Jahan Disha and Dipa Rani Pal

...lu was maximum 41.11% at age of 0-6 months, in compare with 31.11%, 13.33%, 8.89%, 5.55% at age category 6 -12 months, 12-36 months, 36-60 months, >60 months respectively. Prevalence of cat flu in local breeds was 83.33% whereas persian breed 6.66% and mixed breed 4.44%. The variable sex of cat, males (63.33%) were more susceptible than female (36.66%) and study area prevalence in winter season (62.77%) is higher than sum...
Khaled A. El-Dougdoug1, Wael S. El-Araby2* and Rehab A. Dawoud3
... various plant virus lineages all the way back to the first genetic mobile components. We investigate the role of horizontal viral transfer from invertebrates to plants during terrestrialization, which was enabled by strong ecological linkages. The intimate evolution of invertebrates and plants permitted these relationships. We hope that plant biologists and virologists will be interested in the evolving big picture of the p...

Ahmed Jamil Abid*, Ahlam Jaber Hamza 

...postnatal in different stages of age of Awassi sheep. Through examination at the one-month age of the lamb indicated that morphologically heart was a triangular, hollow muscular organ and was located in the thoracic cavity extending from the 2nd to 5th ribs. Histologically, the heart wall was composed of three layers (pericardium, myocardium and endocardium), the pericardium was composed o...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...ion in livestock farm management with its benefits, challenges, and prospects. Scientific databases, PRISMA guidelines, and systematic bibliometric methodologies were used for searching and sorting the most fit articles. This study found that DT technology is new to the livestock industry and mainly used for environmental control, feed management, farm planning, greenhouse gas reduction, and behavior monitoring. Key barriers...

Soumia Ed-Day1*, Meryam Laanaya1, Chaimae El Kourchi3, Radia Elgui1, Fatima Ezzahra Kacimi2, Latifa Didou1, Samira Boulbaroud2, Hicham Harhar3, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui1

...ministered orally (by gavage) the following doses: 2.5, 5, 25, 50, and 250 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract, while the control group received distilled water. Biochemical, histological, and behavioral assessments were conducted at the end of the experiment. Results: In the acute oral toxicity test, the extract did not produce any signs of toxicity or mortality underscoring the safety profile of the diverse doses administered in this study. Biochemical analyses o...

Shaymaa Jabbar Hassoon1*, Hiba Ibrahim Ali2, Ayat Jasim Mohammed3, Oras Salman4

...isolated with an rise in agent concentrations. The full inhibition zone for Ag-NPs biosynthesized showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of AgNPs-cinnamon extract compared to the cinnamon extract alone with p value (0.0032) , but the least zone was established alongside pseudomonas with clear significant difference in the effectiveness of AgNPs-cinnamon extract compared to the cinnamon extract alone with p value (0.0165), while the moderate zone ...

Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady

...Wistar rats pre-puberty (aged 50 days). Ten male rats, aged 35 days, were divided equally into control (G1) and treatment (G2) groups. Rats in control were subcutaneously administered 0.25 ml of olive oil; treated rats received subcutaneous injections of 50 µg/rat of estradiol benzoate dissolved in 0.25 ml of olive oil for 15 successive days. After 24hrs from the last treatment session, rats in both groups were weighed...

Efe Peterson Irikefe-Ekeke1, Oghenebrorhie Obakanurhe1*, Adimabua Mike Moemeka1, UfuomaGodstime Sorhue2, Ifeoma Jane Onwumelu1, Ifo Alex Amata2

Mujahid Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Emily Silverman3, Asif Iqbal1, Muhammad Mohsan1, Haseeb Ahsan4

...is unsustainable water usage in agriculture not only exacerbates the water crisis but also hampers agricultural productivity and food security. Agriculture accounts for 24% of the GDP while more than 90% of water consumed in Pakistan is utilized for agriculture. Pakistani has one of the best canal systems in the world and irrigation is the most water-consuming division of the country. More than 80% of the agricultural water is partitioned into wheat, cotton, m...

Wirokartiko Satyawardana1,4, Umi Cahyaningsih2*, Fadjar Satrija2, Safika Safika3, Arifin Budiman Nugraha2

...city of origin, sex, and age for each species of blood parasites and rickettsia, showed that only the male had a significant difference in Babesia canis vogeli infections with P-value of 0.023. In contrast to the other categories, there were no significant differences. Based on the construction of a phylogenetic tree of Neighbour Joining using pairwise distance, the sample isolates showed close relationships between several origins, including Babesia canis vog...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abdul Latief Toleng1, Hasrin Hasrin2, Abdullah Baharun3, Athhar Manabi Diansyah1,4, Santoso Santoso4, Rahmat Rahmat1

...ding and reproductive management programs. In conclusion, both RTS and cervical mucus characteristics are important for predicting reproductive performance in Bali heifers, their interdependence is minimal. Therefore, integrating multiple evaluative criteria is essential for a comprehensive assessment of reproductive potential on Bali heifers. This approach will optimize breeding strategies and enhance productivity and sustainability of Bali heifer populations...
Maimoona Imran2, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Soumble Zulfiqar1
Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
...ong interactions and linkages with other Cus determinants and via ZraS with lead and zinc resistant genes. This regulator also possesses weak associations with Cue and Cut regulons and starvation sensing system.

...

Y. Eid1, S. Abo El-Sood1, A. Fawzi1, W.A. Morsy2* and H. Mehany3

...ine rabbits, with an average live body weight of 914.4±12.35 g and an age of 6 weeks, were divided and randomly assigned into four experimental groups, each with 30 rabbits. Four experimental diets were formulated containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% fish oil, respectively. The results indicated that rabbits fed diets containing 1.0 and 1.5% fish oil had the highest final body weight, whereas those fed the control diet ha...

Qamar Ullah1,2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Raheela Akhtar1 and Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

...ing massive financial damage to the agro-livestock sector globally. A total of 96 udder quarters/teats of buffaloes with SCM were arbitrarily allotted to three different groups, i.e., platelet-rich plasma (PRP) group (n=32), antibiotic group (n=32) and PRP plus antibiotic group (n=32). Whole blood was taken from the animal’s jugular vein, and PRP was prepared by double spin open method and infused intra-mammary to the same animal from which the blood was...

Tarek M. Mousa-Balabel1*, Ebrahim M. Farg2 and Abobakr A. Elkot1

...sian calves, with an average body weight of 38 ± 2.3 kg were randomly assigned according to their average body weight into three groups for a period of 120 days. Each group contained nine calves with three replicates. The calves in the first group were housed in an experimental pen with concrete floors. The calves in the second group were housed in an experimental pen with rubber mat. While, the calves in the third gr...

Nguyen Ba Trung1,2*, Pham Thi Kim Phuong1,2

...tnam. In some of the villages of the ethnic minority, cattle have phenotypes of Vietnam native Vang cattle, with very poor milk yield, carcass weight, and limited information about fertility. Consequently, cattle are at risk of becoming extinct, and the genetic diversity and polymorphism of genes linked to economically important traits have not yet been examined. This study centered on examining the genetic traits of Vang cattle by utilizing molecular markers....

Mohamed T. A. Soliman1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek3*

... system and oxidative damage, which may be shown through alterations in the structure and function of the spleen. The immunologic alteration may be due exposure to pregnant rats to high concentration of copper in the COC treatment that transported to their male neonates and induced oxidative damage.
 
Keywords: Copper oxychloride, IgE, IgG, Spleen, TOS
...

Mohamed A. Omar, Fardos A.M. Hassan, Sara E. Shahin, Marwa El-Shahat*

...ources. Furthermore, average of scale efficiency was 0.892. Therefore, governorates could raise their production by roughly 10.8% if they adjust their scale of production and operate under appropriate scale. Regarding the Total Factor Productivity, the average was 0.893. All governorates in Egypt showed decline in productivity except Cairo, Alexandria, Port- said, Gharbia, Menofia, Behira, Sohag, Qana and Aswan.
...

Eman Wahsh1, Tarek M Ibrahim2, Mirna E. ElAwady3*

...ated by using anxiolytic agent, diazepam, and anxiogenic drug, caffeine. Vogel paradigm is based on the conflict between animal’s licking water and receiving electric shocks. Rats were individually tested in the anxiometer for a 10-min session; the licks/shock ratio was fixed at 20 licks/1 shock. In addition to the saline-control group, eighty male Wister rats were divided into 10 groups. The animals received one of the treatments, caffeine (10mg/kg), di...

Muhammad Umair Khan1*, Abdur Rehman1, Mansoor Ali Khan1, Abdur Rahman Khan1, Sajid Ali1 and Zeeshan Ahmad2

...uring have several advantages, including easier pulping, lower energy use, the preservation of forest reserves and improved management of agricultural waste. The use of fibers of non-wood plants in paper production is also linked to a number of issues, such as collection, transportation, challenges of chemical recovery, alteration of morphological properties and slow water retention. The main consumers of non-wood fibers, sm...

Muhammad Ashfaq Khan, Basheer Ahmad, Sami Ul Haq, Bilal Ahmed Qazi*, Saifullah

...n. These factors had average values of 7.04, 4.83 ms/cm, 6.11%, and 2.21%, respectively. The Matta subdivision of Swat valley has a notable prevalence of pinus roxburghii, which emerges as the predominant coniferous species within the chir pine zone of the subdivision. The forest ecology is primarily threatened by the conversion of forest land to agriculture and the illicit harvesting of trees for fuel wood and construction reasons. Implementation of strict re...

Wan Nurfarzana Wan Mohamad Zani1, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik1*, Asmah Awal2, Nurul Izzati Osman3, Lyena Watty Zuraine Ahmad1 and Mohd Khairi Nordin4

...old increased and an average of 14.8 ± 3.5 shoots after a 5-week culture period. Following this, three shoots/clumps were transferred to liquid and solid MS media with varied concentrations of BAP (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg L-1) to assess their growth rates. Cultures in liquid media demonstrated superior shoot proliferation compared to semi-solid media, recording the highest mean shoot number of 3.5 ± 0.8 shoots per explant in media supplemented ...

Ahmed Shamkhi Jabbar1* and Saadoon Murad2

...t economic losses and damage. The effectiveness of commercially available chemical insecticides and biopesticides against cotton mealybugs was evaluated under lab and field conditions by using the secreted toxins of symbiotic bacteria Xenorahbdus nematophlia, Blaiser® as a biopesticide, and chemical pesticide Sivanto®. Our results indicate that the efficacy of secreted toxins by symbiotic bacteria X. nematophlia was the highest after the chemical pesti...

Aamara Ibrahim1, Ihsan Mabood Qazi1, Majid S. Hashmi1, Ayaz Ahmad1*, Hisham Javed1, Fawad Ahmad2 and Sadia Mukhtar1

...and taste aspects of cottage cheese. Different concentrations (%) of cow and goat milk were mixed such as (CG1 (100:0) served as control, CG2 (90:10), CG3 (80:20), CG4 (70:30), CG5 (60:40), CG6 (50:50) and CG7 (0:100)) to prepare milk blends. The analysis of physical and chemical properties showed notable differences in composition among the milk blends, with goat milk has higher fat content (4±0.003%) while cow milk has more lactose (4.6±0.1%). ...

Van Dai Nguyen1, ¥, Van Ba Nguyen2, ¥, Thi Thanh Nhan Giang2, Cong Dinh Nguyen2, Thi Lan Nguyen1, Dinh Ngoan Vu1, Duc Chuyen Nguyen1, Van Can Ta1, Khac Khanh Nguyen2, Thi Lien Cao2, Doan Lan Pham2, Khanh Van Nguyen2, Ngoc Tan Nguyen3*

...alo populations. The average number of alleles of each microsatellite marker in the two native buffalo populations varied from 6.11 (in LB-LD and LB-LC sub-populations) to 7.67 (in the TC population), with mean values of expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and polymorphic informative content (PIC) 0.743, 0.271, and 0.738, respectively. The two local swamp buffalo populations were separated into two main branches. One branch came from th...

Mahmoud Saber1, Sabry A. Mousa2, Hisham A. Abdelrahman3, Eman Rashad4, Ramadan Sary5, Meray N. Ramsis5*

...fects of two defaunating agents, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate (DOSS), on physical examination, feed intake, bodyweight, and the protozoal, biochemical, and histo-anatomical compositions of the rumen in native-bred goats. Fifteen healthy female goats were used; five of them were kept as control group, while the remaining ten goats were divided randomly into two groups each one contained five goats. The first group was given sod...

Elfira Kariane Suawa1*,  Juliet R. Roberts2, Greg Parkinson3,  Angelina Novita Tethool1

...gth, deformation, percentage shell and Haugh unit were higher in the light BW group associated with a lower average egg weight. If body weight can be maintained at the level of breeder standards there are significant gains in egg quality characteristics. The correct body weight and high uniformity of the flock at point of lay provide the platform for the maximum expression of genetic potential for production performance and ...

Tamadhur H. Hussein1, Zainab M.A. Alrubayei2, Tahreer M. Al-Thuwaini1*

...y, sexually mature ewes, aged 3 to 4 years, participated in the research. The ewes were divided into three groups: non-pregnant ewes (28), pregnant ewes with singletons (42), and pregnant ewes with twins (30). Blood samples were collected from the sheep and analyzed for hormone levels after collection. The findings revealed that lamb weight and hormone levels varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with litter size among both non-pregnant and pregnant ewes. Awassi ...

Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*

...e Saanen crossbred goats aged five months (15.4±3.32 kg) were studied using a Latin Square design (4 × 4) over 21 days/periods. The four treatments were maise and cassava chips (Ma.C); broken rice and cassava chips (BrR.C); cassava chips, and urea (Ma.C.U); broken rice, cassava chips, and urea (BrR.C.U). The basal diet was premix, tofu waste, Operculina turpethum vines, and ad libitum fresh elephant grass. The dry matter consumption per body weigh...

Nuttanun Leamkrajang, Somkiert Prasanpanich, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*

...f varying ratios of roughage to concentrate on rumen fluid among different species of ruminants, specifically focusing on rumen fermentation characteristics and the population of rumen microorganisms. The investigation utilized a 3×2 factorial in CRD, incorporating four replications. The inoculum sources included three animal species (swamp buffalo, beef cattle, and goat), while the dietary treatments consisted of two roughage

Yasser Asaad Hameed Al-Shareef, Firas Hussain Kadim Abawi*

... the fusion protein cleavage sites, phylogenetic analysis sand compared genomics of NDV isolates to publish sequences. Isolates characterized here showed 90.37% sequence similarity to the Iranian isolate Asil/IR/AAA158/2019 (MN370894.1) within velogenic clusters. Taken together, clinical, genetics and molecular biological approaches identified velogenic strains of NDV in poultry which breach the immunity induced by the currently applied vaccines, warranting fu...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...r these coupons, the average CR appeared as 210 ± 17 µg dm−2 d−1. However, CR was significantly lower (210 ± 17 µg dm−2 d−1) for the coupons dipped in inoculated water only (Fig. 2). In un-inoculated vials having nutrients, CR appeared higher (97 ± 16 µg dm−2 d−1) as compared to those without nutrients (48 ± 21 µg dm−2 d−1). Bacterial growth appeared higher in n...

Bounthan Sounyvong1, Yohan Lee2 and Eun-Jae Lee3*

...st-fire silvicultural management practices in the Phou Khao Khauy National Protected Area (PKKNPA), Lao PDR. Post-fire silvicultural practices contributed to dramatically converting the structure of forests. Coverage of overstory, midstory, and ground vegetation, number of tree stems, woody seedlings, snags, and volume of coarse woody debris all had significant differences among study sites. We captured 456 individual small ...

Karar Ali Abdulkhuder* and Abdul Kareem Salman Alyassari 

...cant challenge in the management of Staphylococcus aureus infections, particularly those affecting the eyes. Understanding the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and genetic mechanisms underlying resistance is crucial for guiding effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from eye infections. For this purpose, a total of 20 Staphylococ...
Satya Narayana Rao Ramasamy1,2, Assis Kamu3 and Connie Fay Komilus1*
 
...al of 54 fishes with average weight (±0.035 g) was used for 20-days feeding trial using six treatments in triplicates namely TC (100% krill; 0% crab waste), T1 (80% krill; 20% crab waste), T2 (60% krill; 40% crab waste), T3 (40% krill; 60% crab waste), T4 (20% krill; 80% crab waste) and T5 (0% krill; 100% crab waste) respectively. Growth indices such as Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Intake (FI), and Survival Rate (SR) were ob...

Jumiati Asis1, Nur Aainaa Hasbullah1, Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh1, Noor Khairani Mohamad Basri1, Palanivell Perumal2, Peter Mojiun2 and Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Rakib1* 

...known biological control agents (BCAs) that have significant antagonistic activity against various fungal phytopathogens. On the other hand, Ganoderma boninense has been identified as the phytopathogen causing basal stem rot (BSR), a devastating disease in oil palm crop (Elaeis guineensis). In this study, the in vitro and in planta inhibition of G. boninense using Trichoderma isolates were evaluated. A total of 20 T...

 Saranyah Sathiaganeshan1,2, Nur Aina Natasha Yusoff1, Siti Juzailah Zuraimi1, Rukayat Omolara Folarin1,3, Satya Narayana Rao Ramasamy1,4, Asmad Kari1, Enike Dwi Kusumawati⁵, I Wayan Karyasa⁶ and Connie Fay Komilus1*

...eding trial on 45 quails aged 12 days was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) fodders on growth performance and meat quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). This research aims to determine nutrient compositions in organic wheatgrass fodder (OWF) and to evaluate the effect of organic wheatgrass on the growth performance and meat quality of quail. Wheatgrass fodder was grown using organic fertilizer wh...

Ali Mobder Niyf*, Jafar Ghazi Abbas Al-Jebori 

...vestigate the prenatal stages of the rectum in fetuses of Awassi sheep. For this purpose, samples from thirty male and female sheep were taken from the uterus of healthy females, and the crown rump length formula (CRL) was used to classify the samples into four age groups for the prenatal stage. During the first age (50-55) days of gestation, we observed...

Moh Sofi’ul Anam1, Ali Agus1, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto1, Gunawan2, Andriyani Astuti1*

...d zinc supplements at dosages of 0.45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively, based on our previous studies. The selenium and zinc were provided in organic chelated-methionine forms. The experimental feeding lasted for 49 days. Blood samples were drawn from each cow at the trial’s conclusion and placed in tubes containing anticoagulants. Whole blood was used for haematological analysis with a haematology analyzer. Additional samples were col...

Nbaa Mutea Abid AL-Alh1, Nuha Hatem Khalaf1, Nagam Khudhair1*, Ahmed Khalid2

... as a hepatic protective agent against the side effects or toxicity induced by Chlorpromazine.
 
Keywords | Chlorpromazine, Liver, Toxicity, Rats, Histology, Costus
...

Nguyen Phi Bang1,2*, Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ngo Thuy Bao Tran1,2, Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh1,2, Nguyen Ba Trung1,2, Le Thi Thuy Hang1,2

...aneous injection each dosage). Storage conditions and vaccine administration are carefully monitored to maintain consistent vaccine quality. However, factors related to dogs’ health in this area have significantly affected the vaccination’s effectiveness. This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the efficacy of the Rabisin vaccine in preventing rabies in dogs in An Giang province (Vietnam). The...

Qasim Jawad Amer, Wissam Ahmed Sabah Al-Janabi* 

...from camels of different ages of both sexes (male and female) from different areas of northern and southern Babylon.Each blood sample was placed in a special anticoagulant tube (EDTA), with a label containing the number, age, and sex, and tProcessed for analysis by microscopic examination and confirmed by PCR. The data analysis showed that among 75 camels, 17% were females, 73% were adults, 67% from north Babylon.Analysis of...

Anas A. Humadi1*, Samer I. Sabeeh2, Ahmed Talib Yassen Aldossary3, Bushra I. Al-Kaisei2 

...ris, 30 white male mice (aged 2-3 month and 35-40 gram of bodyweight were divided into 3 groups. The first group (n=10) acted as untreated control group; the second group of mice (n=10) received a single intraperitoneal administration of 2x 108 cell of C. auris. In another group of 10 mice, animals were subjected to a single intraperitoneal of 2x108 cell of candida auris followed by 1000 mg/kg alcoholic extract orally of Syzygium aromaticum for 90 days. Blood ...

Abeer S. Hafez1, Shereen M. Aly1, Dalia M. A. Elmasry2*, H. A. Hussein3, Marwa A. Abdelmagid4

...or easy blood vessel passage and renal clearance, fresh preparation without adding stabilizer cause zeta potential was recorded at -10 mV. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PN efficacy was found to be 111.5 ug/mL and had a functioning group-specific fingerprint that showing distinct bonds formed by the conversion of the pure propolis100% to nano-propolis 20% compound . The obtained data illustrated a significant impact on feed intake in the (PN) ...
Chang Guoliang1,2*, Pan Zhengjun1,2, Zhu Chuankun1,2, Zhao Haitao1,2
Yan Zhang3, Summaya Rajput4 and Laghari M. Younis4*
...with Diet# 4, showed average increases of 52.51±7.91 and 0.70±0.086 g, respectively. This result suggests that the SGR and WGR of prawns fed a diet containing 0% SO were higher than those of the other experimental groups. Furthermore, the survival rate also increased by decreasing the SO level in the feed contents. The highest relative hepatosomatic index (HSI) was also observed in Diet# 2. Significant changes were found in T-SOD, AKP and ACP enz...

Kai Wang, Weifeng Xu, Pengyuan Dai and Chunmei Li*

...ding hepatic sinusoid damage and inflammatory infiltration by PNP challenge. Compared with the PNP group, Arg plus PNP-treated rats did not show any significant change in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of HO-1 and NQO1 in liver tissue was also not significantly different. These results indicate that PNP m...

Wen Xiong1, Yifan Huang1, Yue Liu1, Shuyin Li2* and Baoqiang Wang3*

...y should provide more management recommendations that will be useful for freshwater fish biodiversity conservation and fishery management in the Yangtze River.

...

Zuhaib Nishtar1, Wang Fangzong1,  Nan Yang1 and Jamil Afzal2*

...replaceable natural heritage if it coordinates its conservation efforts with the development of renewable energy sources. Wildlife conservation and renewable energy go hand in hand in this innovative approach to sustainable development to create a more promising and long-term future for Pakistan.

...

Ho-Kyoung Bae, Jae-Kang Lee, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee, Hyeongyu Ko, Joo-Hee Kim, Sung-Hyun Ahn and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...d addressed by forest managers.

...

Javeria1,2*, Mudasser Habib1,2 and Muhammad Salahuddin Shah1,2

...ruses present within lineage IV with close relationship to the Asian and Middle Eastern isolates. Serologically, the competitive ELISA (cELISA) was used to test antibodies in the same animals which showed 50 % animals with PPRV specific antibodies. The high presence of the virus indicated the exposure of PPRV in animals where vaccination had not been practiced previously. The study also provides understanding of the frequent virus circulation and aids to adopt...
Roshita Ibrahim1*, Mohd Firza Ahmad Fauzi1 and Mohd Nizam Lani2
... range of wholesome beverages. The investigation involves creating a drink with suspended black jelly mushroom pieces and sweetening it with various agents like sucrose, xylitol, erythritol, stevia, and honey. The study evaluates the drinks’ physicochemical, and functional properties, including sensory acceptability to see the potential utilization of low-calorie sweeteners. The analysis covers parameters like total so...
Zarinah Zakaria1*, Nur Nabilah Norsham1, Nur Hasyimah Mat Shah1, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar1, Napisah Hussin2, Fauziah Tufail Ahmad3, Faridah Yahya3 and Norshazila Shahidan4
 
...d contains a high percentage of crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre which is significantly different as compared with green tea and oolong tea. The thirteen mineral elements in Sacha Inchi tea leaves powder and infusion were assessed. Potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) were found higher in both tea leaves and tea infusion, with values ranged from 5-7 mg/kg, 1-3 mg/kg, 3-6 mg/kg, and 150–203 mg/l, 22–37 mg/l,10–20 mg/l, r...
Rukayat Omolara Folarin1,2, Nurhadirah Hairil1, Nurafiqah Anis Ismail1, Putri Athirah Zamrifana1, Lina Nadhirah Abdullah1, Muhammad Afiq Zabhin1, Ariff Imran Alkaf1, Farrah Izzuanie Zainudin1, Hanisah Basir1, Asmad Kari1, Enike Dwi Kusumawati3, I Wayan Karyasa4 and Connie Fay Komilus1*
...tilizer in hydroponic forage production.
...
Norsyasya Shari1, Nur Nabilah Husin1, Zalilawati Mat Rasid1, Maaruf Abdul Ghani2 and Noroul Asyikeen Zulkifli1*
 
...into ready-to-drink beverage in response to the changing lifestyles and the growing health concerns among people nowadays, which influenced people towards choosing dairy product alternatives. The aim of the research was to ascertain the physico-chemical, nutritional properties and sensory characteristics of formulated CMD. Formulated CMD contains coconut milk, water, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and sodium benzoate. There were fiv...

Duaa Jasim Mohammad 

...ation of such anesthetic agents in animal health practices. 

...

Sherine Abbas1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M. A. Abdelrazek3*

...l cellulose (CMC) via gavage, high-dose group (73.5 mg/kg) of CO was given by gavage 1/20 LD50 of CO mixed with CMC, and a low-dose group (36.75 mg/kg) of CO was given by gavage 1/40 LD50 of CO mixed with CMC. The administration of the CO began on the 6th day gestation day and continued orally until the 20th day of gestation. Thirty days after birth, blood, and organ samples, including liv...

Ahmed E. Orbano1, Mohsen El Dimerdash1, Mohamed Abaza2, Ali Zanaty3, Mohamed Rady3, Mohamed H. Nemr3, Wael K. Elfeil1*

...f some viral etiological agents of respiratory problems in chicken flocks in Egypt from 2020 to 2021. Samples were collected from 69 broiler flocks across four governorates (Giza, Fayoum, Menya, and Menoufia) and investigated using RT-PCR to detect viral pathogens. Results showed that most flocks had been co-infected with more than one viral agent and there were 24 positives (35%) for IBV, 39 positives (57%) for H9N2, 18 pos...

Sherine Abbas1, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek2*, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Nayrouz A. Attia4, Haneen M. Abdelnabi4, Seif El-Eslam E. Salah4, Abdelrahman M. Zaki4, Mohamed A. Abo- Zaid4, Nadia A. El-Fahla5

...lear cells’ DNA damage that seemed to be as a result of neem extract oxidative stress. This effect could be implemented on both human and animals with future prospective studies suggestion to estimate the dose dependent effect of prenatal neem extract exposure. 
 
Keywords: Hematology, Immunity, Neam, Prenatal, Lymphoid depletion
...

Eslam Arafa1,2, Hanan M.F. Abdien1*, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen3, Emad Diab2,4, Mahmoud Assad2,5, Mohamed Tarek3, Mohsen M.Z. El-Dimerdash1, Wael K. Elfeil1

...nic mortality and hemorrhage with congested internal organs. Survivors exhibited liver necrosis. Hepatitis, myocarditis, and infiltration of heterophilic diverse inflammatory cells were recorded upon histological examination. These findings confirm that the mutant ARV can skip maternal immunity induced by conventional vaccines due to the mismatch between vaccine strains and circulating variants. It is advisable to conduct further epidemiological research on va...

Bassant Mahmoud Emam1, Jehan Abd Elrazek Hassanen1, Abeer Gaffer Ali Hassan3, Azza Mahmoud Abdullah1, Hadeer Said Aboelnaga2, Amina Ali Dessouki2*

...ignificant efforts to manage diabetes mellitus (DM), its prevalence and related complications continue to increase. There are already well-established antidiabetic drugs in the pharmaceutical sector like Dapagliflozin (DAPA). However, medicinal plant remedies, e.g., Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), are efficiently utilized for DM treatment with low side effects. Accordingly, the study aimed to compare the effects of DAPA and Fenugreek seeds powder (FSP) ...

El-Sayed I. Hassanein1, Abdallah E. Metwally1, Hossam Eldin M. Abd Elbaky1*, Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin2

...hology, mortality percentage, and estimates of economic efficiency. Over the course of the five-week trial period, 150 (Ross 308) one-day-old chicks were separated into five groups, each consisting of three replicates (10 chicks/replicate). The chicks were fed five different experimental diets with varying quantities of oil (0% oil, 1 (SBO and 1% LO), 2% LO, and 3% LO, respectively). For assessment, four chicks from each replication were randomly used. The fin...

Mohamed E. Enany1, Ahmed M. Hamouda2, Reem M. Khashaba3*

...al plants had many advantages such as fewer side effects, better patient tolerance, less expensive, acceptance due to long history of use, being renewable in nature and also higher plants represent a potentiall source of novel antibiotic prototypes.
 
Keywords: Decimal assay for additivity, Antimicrobial, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Turkey poults
...

Muhammad Usman Saleem*, Tahir Hussain Awan, Bilal Atta, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir and Muhammad Ijaz

...ut optimal fertilizer management remains a critical factor to achieve higher yield and rice quality. This study investigated the impact of fertilizer combinations on agronomic and yield traits of Basmati rice (cv. Basmati 515) cultivated with a direct-seeded rice method. Field trials were carried out during 2019 and 2020 in rice growing seasons. The five fertilizer treatments were applied as recommended from the combination of DAP + Urea, DAP + CAN, NP + Urea,...

Sanjita Gurau1,2 and Ram L Ray1*

...ant-1 (5.50), higher average fruit weight plant-1 (915.73g), higher fruit yield plant-1 (5063.062g), higher productivity (81.009Mt/ha) was recorded in Sunny House. Productivity was nearly double in Sunny House than Anna 303, Shlesha 1214, Grey Zucchini, and Anna 202. Among these genotypes, Sunny House demonstrates superiority and exhibits high productivity. In contrast, Shlesha 1214 has the advantage of yielding earlier comp...

Anisa Aprilia*, Syafrial, Djoko Koestiono, Fitria Dina Riana and Silvana Maulidah 

...optimizing fertilizer management, improving food waste management among consumers, and implementing more efficient management practices for clean water, agricultural land, and energy during processing. 

...

Qasim H.A. Aljboori* and Saadoon Murad Saadoon

...ed and plant diseases management has become one of the most important challenges in agriculture. Moreover, plant diseases remain a major factor limiting agricultural production. F. solani is one of the most important pathogens that causes rot disease in rice and affects plant growth. Many Fusarium species can infect rice plants and affect its growth, in addition to producing various mycotoxins that are dangerous to humans and animals. Therefore, a study was co...

Lahbib Cheikhi, Hafidha Boucherit* and Abdelkrim Benaradj

...s of their structure, management and zootechnical performances in the Saharan region of Béni Abbès (southwestern Algeria). The methodology adopted is based on field observations and a series of surveys with 55 oasis farmers in the three selected oases (Béni Abbès, Oued Khoudir, Tabelbala) in the wilaya of Béni Abbès. The results reveal the intensification of crops in association with livestock practices in oasis agrosy...

N. M. Abed 

... tetrachloride (CCl4) damage the liver and kidneys. On the other hand, propolis has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antibacterial and hepatoprotective properties. Propolis protects thyroid and gonadal function from NiCl2 and CCl4. In order to assess the protective impact of propolis extract against NiCl2 and CCl4, 80 adult male albino rats were divided into eight groups including control group, the propolis-treated group, the NiCl2-treated group, ...

Eman Abdelrazik1, Sahar H. Abdel-Baset2*, Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud3,4 and Shimaa M.A. Mohamed5

...l parameters, and the management of M. arenaria were examined. Seven PPN genera were linked to peanut roots according to the results. These genera were Meloidogyne. (88%), Tylenchorhynchus (25%), Helicotylenchus (23%), Rotylenchulus and Xiphinema (4%, each), in descending order. The findings indicated that peanut cvs. Ismailia-1 and Ismailia-2 were susceptible; however, Giza-5 and Giza-6 were highly susceptible to M. arenaria. The growth of peanuts and the for...

Abid Hussain1*, Bilal Khan Yousafzai1 and Muhammad Ishaq2

...n and children under the age of five. This study is an attempt to cover geographical location wise determination of the dietary diversity in Pakistan. Changes in monthly per capita consumption of high value agricultural commodities from year 2013-14 to 2018-19 has also been determined. The findings of the study are important to suggest recommendations for food dietary improvement in the country. These can be used to develop policies and programs to target admi...
Tayyaba Gul Tareen1*, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen2, Muhammad Aamir3, Jehanzeb Khan1 and Naveed Jan4
...gned for redesigning voltage source inverters (VSIs). Additionally, a detailed assessment of the latest advancements and accurate qualities are discussed and presented.
...
Syed Zeeshan Ahmed Naqvi1, Aftab Khan1*, Abdul Majid2, Tahir Javed1 and Muhammad Huzaifa1 
 
... and logistics, water management and environment, retail and hospitality, pharmaceutical and healthcare, and technology and innovation. This research delves into specific use cases within each industry, highlighting the unique ways in which machine learning is employed to optimize processes, enhance decision-making, and drive innovation. From predicting demand patterns in the hospitality sector to optimizing manufacturing processes through predictive maintenan...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi* and Abigail Abosede Olojede 

...are salient pests of cabbage plants often controlled with agrochemicals. This procedure is laden with environmental pollution which calls for agro-biocides development in the control of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Screenhouse trials were set up to assess the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles on Meloidogyne incognita populations in cabbage plants using aqueous extracts from Bixa orellena as reductant. Analysis of va...

Rehan Ullah1, Fazli Rahim1, Muhammad Sajid1, Shakir Ullah2*, Shahab Ali2, Lubna Shakir3, Mohammad Sohail4 and Ghani Subhan5

...ucted in 30 isolated villages of the research area through questionnaires to collect information from 500 native people of different ages (35 to 75 years old) who were interviewed and included men and women, who were involved in the compilation and utilization of plants. The study region was carefully visited in all four seasons of the year and 183 plant species belonging to 73 families were collected which is composed of 9....

Mohsin Raza1, Zeshan Hussain2, Fazil Abbas2, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf3, Hadj Henni Imene4 and Talha Riaz5

...ng regions. Effective management of these viral threats is challenging due to the lack of direct chemical controls, underscoring the importance of prevention as the primary strategy. Rapid and precise detection methods are essential for controlling the onset, spread, and progression of potato viruses, which are host-specific and detectable only through transmission electron microscopy. This review highlights various diagnostic techniques for potato viruses, wi...
Khalid Abdullah1, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch3, Iqtidar Hussain3, Zuhair Hasnain4 and Muhammad Naeem2
... an IPM model for the management of fruit fly B. zonata in mango orchards. The data were recorded on the percent infestation in dropped and harvested fruits. The neem oil at 5% and 3% concentrations was found effective for controlling fruit flies. Pheromone traps lured with Methyl Eugenol in combination with intermittent food bait comprising of protein hydrolysate resulted in 86.48 and 94.18% reduction in fruit fly population in dropped and harvested fruits in...

Saiqa Jehan1*, Tahir Sarwar1, Naveedullah1, Shahzad Khan Khattak2 and M. Jamal Khan3 

...nducted in the three villages of Upper, middle and lower Chitral (Buni, Garam Chashma and Darkhanandeh) respectively. Of district Chitral, which were most affected by the floods. For field survey, random sampling method was used. A total of 212 respondents including farmers, personnel from government departments and NGOs were interviewed. The results of the survey revealed that almost all respondents were aware of climate change, which has effect on rainfall a...

Muhammad Noman Tariq1, Saeed Ahmed*1, Ghazanfar Ali Chishti1, Muhammad Shahbaz Zafar1, Muhammad Saadullah2, Muhammad Usman1, Mohsin Ali1 and Ghulam Qadir1

...wenty-four Beetal bucks, aged 12±1 months, with an average body weight of 30±5 kg, were selected and distributed among 04 treatments in a completely randomized design under 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. There were two roughage levels with concentrates (80% and 20%) and two dietary levels of CSH (0 and 80 mg/kg/head/day). Digestibility of dry matter (DM), c...

Saima Bibi* and Nazir Ahmad

...he highest in berseem silage treated with Bakayan seeds and 4.5% tannic acid. Significant differences (P<0.001) were found in NDF, ADF, ADL contents, with the lowest values in Bakayan seeds plus 4.5% tannic acid treatment. pH varied significantly from 4.70 to 5.20. The in sacco digestability showed significant differences with DM disappearance ranging from 39.5% to 59.3% after 36 hours of incubation, CP disappearance from 52.4% to 82.3%, NDF from 49.6% to 6...

Ammara Khan1, Khalid Mehmood1,2*, Ali Raza1, Ishtiaq Hassan3 and Ayesha Sultana4,5

... has been greatly discouraged in the wake of ongoing environmental challenges. When rice crop precedes wheat sowing in same fields, the farmers are elicited to burn the rice residues for urgent land preparation which poses multiple threats to soil characteristics. This study investigates the effects of different rice-residues management practices on wheat productivity and soil health. Field trials were conducted for a period...

Elena Balarezo*, Jose Luis Flores and Miguel Angel Toro-Jarrin

...lack of regulation encourages the development of pathogens in milk and lowers the final sales price. The aim of this study was to implement and test a milk quality program to improve product quality and sales prices. We carried out an initial diagnosis of management practices and bacteriological quality of milk, followed by program implementation directed to project promoters and community members. We checked the bacteriolog...

Beenish Khanzada1*, Shagufta Jabeen2, Asif Ali1, Amna Fatimah1, Ishfa Zahid1, Esha Israr1, Arifa Iqbal1 and Ashas Waheed1

...uality over one-week storage that was comparable to commercial plastic films.

...

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research

September

Vol.37, Iss. 3, Pages 190-319

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